• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Supporting structure (10) for avalanche, rockfall and landslide protection, comprising a grate structure (20), the grate structure (20) comprising beams (30) and damping plates (40), the damping plates (40) being fixed to the beams (30) are attached, that the damping plates (40) are in the operative state slope-facing and connected to the beams (30). Furthermore, the supporting structure (10) comprises a carrier element (50), which is connected to the beams (30); and at least one support (60) having a spring element (70), the support (60) being operatively connected to the support element (50).
    公开号:CH714941A2
    申请号:CH5472018
    申请日:2018-04-30
    公开日:2019-10-31
    发明作者:Krummenacher Werner；Krummenacher Roger；Schollmayer Martin；Heintzmann Philipp；stolz Martin
    申请人:Krummenacher Ag Stahlbau Und Metallbau；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    Technical field The invention relates to the field of construction technology in the field of avalanche barriers. In particular, the present invention relates to a support structure and the use of such a support structure for avalanche and scree protection.
    PRIOR ART Avalanche barriers in the opening area have the task of preventing the opening of snow avalanches. For this purpose, several rows of support structures are installed in the avalanche area. Basically, two types of structures are known in the prior art, namely rigid and flexible support structures.
    Steel rigid bridges with a rust made of steel are referred to as rigid supporting structures, which absorb loads from avalanches, landslides and rockfalls with only a small deformation of a few centimeters and thus hold the snow in the avalanche slope. In general, steel snow bridges consist of a grate made up of horizontal beams and supports pointing downwards. Since the creeping and sliding snow masses exert high static pressure on the snow bridges, the supports are fastened to the ground by stable concrete foundations. Steel snow bridges prevent an avalanche from breaking away in the opening area by supporting the snow cover.
    Compliant support structures, such as snow nets can follow the movement of the snow due to their structure over several decimeters. Due to their high flexibility, snow nets are relatively insensitive to damage from stone chips.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Avalanche barriers in rockfall-prone opening areas often consist of a combination of snow or rockfall protection nets and steel snow bridges. From an economic point of view, however, snow or stone chip protection nets are considerably more disadvantageous than steel snow bridges, which can have a lifespan of up to 100 years in terms of service life, investment and maintenance costs. However, steel snow bridges are more often destroyed or damaged by stone chips than snow protection nets. This is often due to the design of classic steel snow bridges. The horizontal beams that connect two beams are often pierced by stones or boulders or deformed in such a way that the use of the steel snow bridge is greatly reduced.
    It is therefore an object of the invention to further develop the prior art in the field of avalanche and rockfall barriers and preferably to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. In advantageous embodiments, the present invention can provide more stable support structures which have a longer service life and lower repair costs than conventional steel snow bridges.
    In further advantageous embodiments, rockfall energies are significantly weakened and the dynamic peak pressure of rockfall is reduced.
    These objects are generally achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims.
    Further advantageous embodiments result from the dependent claims and the disclosure as a whole.
    In a first aspect, the invention relates to a support structure for protection against avalanches, stone chips and landslides comprising a grate structure, the grate structure comprising beams. Damping plates are attached to the beams, which face the slope during operation. The beams and damping plates thus form a layer, with the damping plates forming the top layer and being directly exposed to any stone chips. Such a support structure typically includes crossing points of beams and damping plates. The damping plates are connected to the beams. The support structure further comprises a support element which is operatively connected to the beams. The beams are typically attached to the support element, as a result of which the support structure has a layer structure in which the support element forms the lower layer, the beams form the middle layer and the damping plates form the upper layer. In addition, the support structure according to the invention comprises at least one support with a spring element which is operatively connected to the support element.
    A grate or a grate structure in the sense of the invention is formed by a plurality of intersecting elements, in the present case beams and damping plates, and therefore, in contrast to a grid, has a layer structure.
    The fact that the damping plates face the slope in the operative state means in the sense of the invention that they are attached to the beams and are thus directly exposed to any stone chips. The damping plates in the layer structure of the grate structure thus form the upper layer.
    Preferably, the connection of damping plates and beams is non-positive, positive or material and preferably comprises screw, rivet, weld, adhesive or similar connections.
    CH 714 941 A2 [0014] In advantageous embodiments, the at least one support is angled to the support element. The angle can be adapted to the respective topographical conditions and is typically between 50 ° and 80 °, preferably between 60 ° and 70 °.
    Typically, the support structures are connected in the operative state with one or more foundations, preferably made of concrete. For example, the supporting structures can be screwed, welded or glued to a fastening connected to the foundation. In the operative state, the at least one support of the support structure points downwards and the damping plates face the slope.
    In a further advantageous embodiment, the at least one support is pivotally connected to the support element by a joint. The joint can be a hinge joint, for example. In further embodiments, the joint can also be a ball joint, pivot joint or saddle joint.
    In preferred embodiments, the support element of the support structure comprises one or more supports. The beams can be arranged transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the beams. The carrier element typically comprises two or more carriers which are arranged parallel to one another. The carriers preferably form the lateral boundary of the carrier element and are connected to the beams at their ends or at least in the region of their ends to the beams. In further embodiments, the carrier element can form an open, in particular a U-shaped, or closed frame or can comprise several, preferably two, carriers arranged in parallel. For example, the support element can consist of one cross member and two side members, or of two cross members and two side members, which are each connected to one another.
    In further embodiments, the damping plates can be non-positively, positively or materially connected to the beams at essentially each crossing point. Typically, limit tensile forces and limit shear forces of 80 to 120 kN, preferably 95 to 105 kN, can be transmitted at each connection between beams and damping plates. This results in a particularly massive rust structure.
    Preferably, the connection between beams and damping plates includes screw connections of strength class 4.6, 4.8 or 5.8.
    In particularly preferred embodiments, the damping plates have a U-shaped, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal or parabolic cross section. As a result, a damping effect can be achieved and the dynamic peak pressure due to stone chips can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, the damping plates on the top, i.e. have a convex or concave curvature on the side facing away from the beams. In the event of a stone chip, this can be deformed and the impact energy of any stone chip, if any, can be at least partially absorbed.
    In some embodiments, the damping plates in cross section have a height of 30 to 400 mm, preferably 50 to 200 mm and a width of 30 to 300 mm, preferably 80 to 150 mm. The lattice of a steel snow bridge according to the invention typically has a length of 0.5 to 10 m and a height of 0.5 to 5 m.
    In a further embodiment, the at least one support has a first and a second support element, which are designed to be displaceable one inside the other and wherein the spring element is arranged wholly or partly in the interior of at least one of the two support elements. For example, at least one of the two support elements can be designed as a hollow body, in which the other support element can be slidably inserted. Both support elements can also be designed as hollow bodies, one of the support elements having a smaller diameter or shorter edge lengths than the other support element. In such embodiments, one of the support elements typically has an intermediate plate, which can be welded, for example, to which the spring element is attached or on which the spring element rests. Such embodiments are particularly advantageous since the arrangement of the spring element protects it from external influences, such as weather and ice deposits.
    In advantageous embodiments, the spring element has a spring stiffness of 700 to 2500 N / mm, preferably 1200 to 1800 N / mm.
    In further embodiments, the grate structure, the support element and / or the at least one support consists of steel, wood or reinforced concrete.
    In preferred embodiments, the bars are made of steel with an area moment of inertia to the main load direction of 300 to 900 cm4, preferably 500 to 700 cm4 and / or the damping plates made of steel with an area moment of inertia to the main load direction of 500 to 1500 cm4, preferably 800 to 1200 cm4 ,
    For example, the beams made of steel of the S355 type and / or the damping plates made of steel of the S235 type.
    In further embodiments, the beams and / or the beams are H-shaped in cross section, circular, rectangular, triangular or elliptical.
    The damping plates are typically elastically and / or plastically deformable.
    CH 714 941 A2 In further embodiments, the bars are arranged essentially parallel to one another. The beams can also be arranged essentially transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the support element and / or transversely, in particular perpendicularly to the damping plates. In the operative state, the beams run essentially horizontally to the slope and the damping plates essentially vertically to the slope. In embodiments in which, as described above, the carrier element has an open or closed frame, the beams can run parallel to the horizontal part of the frame and transversely, in particular perpendicular to the vertical part of the frame.
    Another aspect of the invention is the use of a support structure according to the invention described above for protection against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides, preferably in the avalanche strike area.
    BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES Aspects of the invention are explained in more detail with the aid of the exemplary embodiments shown in the following figures and the associated description. Show it:
    Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a support structure according to the invention according to an embodiment of the invention.
    2 shows a schematic top view of a support structure according to the invention in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention;
    3 shows a plan view of a grate structure according to the invention according to a further embodiment of the invention;
    4 shows a detailed schematic section of a support structure according to the invention in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention; and
    Fig. 5 cross sections of various damping sheets according to the invention according to further embodiments of the invention.
    WAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION The schematic view shown in FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a support structure 10 according to the invention in the operative state. The support structure 10 for protection against avalanches, stone chips and landslides comprises a grate structure 20 with beams 30 and damping plates 40 (FIG. 1 shows only one of the damping plates). The damping plates 40 are connected to the beams 30 and are arranged facing the slope in the operational state shown. The grate structure 20 further comprises a support element 50, which in the present embodiment is arranged transversely, for example perpendicularly, to the slope and is connected to the beams 30. The layer structure of the grate structure 20 is shown by way of example in FIG. 1. The carrier element 50 forms the lower layer, the beams 30 the middle layer and the damping plates 40 the upper layer. The support structure according to the invention further comprises a support 60 with a spring element 70, the support being in operative connection with the support element 50. The support 60 of the embodiment shown is formed in one piece and the spring element 70 is at least partially arranged outside the support 60. As shown in FIG. 1, the spring element 70 can be connected directly to the carrier element 50. Alternatively, a joint can be arranged between the spring element 70, the support 60 then being pivotally connected to the carrier element 50. The support structure 10 advantageously comprises two or even more supports 60.
    2 shows a schematic plan view of a further embodiment of a support structure 11 according to the invention. In the embodiment shown, the carrier element 51 comprises two carriers 51 a and 51 b, which have an H-shaped cross section, as is customary, for example, for steel profile carriers familiar to the person skilled in the art. The carriers 51a and 51b in the embodiment shown are each essentially connected to the ends of the beams 31. The damping plates 41, which are connected to the beams 31, are cuboid in the present embodiment and typically have a cavity. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the support comprises a first support element 61 a and a second support element 61 b, which are designed to be displaceable one inside the other. Both support elements 61a and 61b are designed as hollow bodies at least in the insertion area. The spring element 71 is arranged entirely in the interior of the support elements 61a and 61b and is therefore protected from external influences. Alternatively, a support structure 11 according to the invention can also have two or more supports, each with two support elements and a spring element, which are each operatively connected to one of the two supports 51 a and 51 b.
    3 shows a schematic plan view of a grate structure 22 of a further embodiment of the invention. The support element 52 forms an open, in this case open downward, U-shaped frame with two vertical supports 52a and 52b and a horizontal support 52c, which are connected to one another. The carriers 52a and 52b are arranged essentially parallel to one another. Bars 32 are arranged on the support element, which in the present embodiment are arranged transversely to the vertical supports 52a and 52b. Furthermore, the grating structure 22 shown comprises a plurality of damping plates 42, which are located at essentially every intersection
    CH 714 941 A2 point with the beams 32 are fastened by screw connections 80. A support structure 12 according to the invention for protection against avalanches, stone chips and landslides can, for example, in addition to the grate structure 22 shown in FIG. 3, comprise one, two or, as required, several supports with a spring element (not shown), the supports typically having the support element are operatively connected and are optionally operatively connected to the carrier element via a joint.
    4 shows an enlarged section of a schematic side view of a support structure 13 according to the invention in accordance with a further embodiment. The support structure 13 comprises, in addition to the support element 53, the beams 33 and the damping plates 43, at least one support which has a first support element 63a and a second support element 63b, which are designed to be displaceable one inside the other. The first support element 63a is designed such that it can be moved into the second support element 63b. 4 also shows that the first support element 63a has a smaller diameter or a shorter edge length than the second support element 63b. In addition, the first support element comprises an intermediate plate 90, which is typically welded in and to which the spring element 73 is fastened or on which it rests. In addition, a joint 100 is shown in FIG. 4, through which the at least one support is pivotally connected to the support element 53. In the embodiment shown, the joint 100 is operatively connected to the second support element 63b. The joint 100 is preferably a hinge joint. However, other types of joints such as Ball joints are used.
    5 shows exemplary cross sections of some damping plates according to the invention. For example, the damping plates can be cuboidal, so that they have a square or rectangular cross section (FIG. 5a). A particularly effective damping effect can be achieved if the damping plates have a cavity on the inside. Furthermore, the damping plates on the top, i.e. have a concave (Fig. 5b) or convex (Fig. 5c) curvature on the side facing away from the beams and on the slope, which can be deformed in the event of a stone chip and thus at least partially absorb the impact energy of an impact. The damping plates can also have a substantially triangular cross section (FIG. 5d), the corners being rounded off in some embodiments. The damping plates can also have a U-shaped (FIG. 5e) cross section or consist of at least partially convexly curved plates (FIG. 5f).
    List of reference numerals [0038]
    10, 11, 12, 13 falsework 20, 21, 22, 23 stainless structure 30, 31, 32, 33 bar 40, 41, 42, 43 damping plates 50, 51.52, 53 support element 51a, 52a, 51b, 52b vertical beams 52c horizontal beam 60, 61.62, 63 support 61a, 61b, 63a, 63b first and second support element 70, 71.73 spring element 80 screw connection 90 intermediate plate 100 joint
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Support structure (10, 11, 12, 13) for protection against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides comprising:
    a grate structure (20,21,22,23), the grate structure (20,21,22,23) comprising beams (30,31,32,33) and damping plates (40,41,42,43), the damping plates (40, 41, 42, 43) are mounted on the beams (30, 31, 32, 33) in such a way that the damping plates (40, 41, 42, 43) face the slope in the operative state and with the beams (30, 31 , 32, 33) are connected; a support member (50, 51, 52, 53) connected to the beams (30, 31, 32, 33); and
    CH 714 941 A2 at least one support (60, 61, 62, 63) with a spring element (70, 71, 73), the support (60, 61, 62, 63) with the support element (50, 51, 52, 53 ) is connected.
    [2]
    2. Support structure (13) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one support is pivotally connected to the support element (53) by a joint (100), preferably a hinge joint.
    [3]
    3. Support structure (11, 12) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier element (51, 52) comprises one or more carriers (51a, 51b, 52a, 52b, 52c).
    [4]
    4. Support structure (11, 12) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carrier element (51, 52) forms an open or closed frame or comprises several, preferably two, mutually parallel carriers (51a, 51b, 52a, 52b).
    [5]
    5. support structure (10, 11, 12, 13) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the damping plates (40, 41, 42, 43) at essentially each intersection with the beams (30,31,32, 33) non-positively, positively or are integrally connected.
    [6]
    6. support structure (10, 11, 12, 13) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at each connection between a beam (30, 31,32, 33) and a damping plate (40, 41,42, 43) limit tensile forces and limit shear forces of 80 to 120 kN, preferably 95 to 105 kN are transferable.
    [7]
    7. support structure (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection between the beam (32) and damping plates (42) comprises screw connections (80) of strength class 4.6, 4.8 or 5.8.
    [8]
    8. support structure (10, 11, 12, 13) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the damping plates (40, 41, 42, 43) have a U-shaped, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal or parabolic cross section and / or a concave or have convex curvature.
    [9]
    9. Support structure (11, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one support (61, 63) has a first support element (61 a, 63a) and a second support element (61 b, 63b), which are designed to be displaceable one inside the other and wherein the spring element (71, 73) is arranged wholly or partially in the interior of at least one of the two support elements (61a, 61b, 63a, 63b).
    [10]
    10. Support structure (10, 11, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spring element (70, 71, 73) has a spring stiffness of 700 to 2500 N / mm, preferably 1200 to 1800 N / mm.
    [11]
    11. Support structure (10, 11, 12, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the grate structure (20, 21, 22, 23), the carrier element (50, 51, 52, 53) and / or the at least one support ( 60, 61, 62, 63) consists of steel, wood or reinforced concrete.
    [12]
    12. supporting structure (10, 11, 12, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the beams (30, 31, 32, 33) made of steel with an area moment of inertia of 300 to 900 cm4, preferably 500 to 700 cm4 and the damping plates (40, 41, 42, 43) made of steel with an area moment of inertia of 500 to 1500 cm4, preferably 800 to 1200 cm4.
    [13]
    13. Support structure (10, 11, 12, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the beams (30, 31, 32, 33) made of steel of the S355 type and / or the damping plates (40, 41, 42, 43) Grade S235 steel.
    [14]
    14. Support structure (10, 11, 12, 13) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the damping plates (40, 41, 42, 43) are elastically and / or plastically deformable.
    [15]
    15. support structure (10, 11, 12, 13) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the bars (30, 31,32, 33) are arranged substantially parallel to each other.
    [16]
    16. support structure (10, 11, 12, 13) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the beams (30, 31,32, 33) substantially transversely to the support element (50, 51,52, 53) or to a part of the Carrier element arranged and / or arranged transversely to the damping plates (40, 41, 42, 43).
    [17]
    17. Use of a support structure according to one of the preceding claims for protection against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides, preferably in the avalanche starting area.
    CH 714 941 A2


    CH 714 941 A2


    CH 714 941 A2
    U û Δ
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CH714941B1|2021-07-15|
    EP3564441B1|2020-12-16|
    EP3564441A1|2019-11-06|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE1073523B|1960-01-21|Österreichische Metallwerke Aktiengesellschaft, Ranshofen |Protection against avalanches, falling rocks or landslides|
    AT190543B|1955-06-18|1957-07-10|Oesterr Alpine Montan|Snow guard or the like|
    AT351071B|1977-04-22|1979-07-10|Voest Ag|AVALANCHE CONSTRUCTION|
    AT352170B|1977-04-22|1979-09-10|Voest Ag|AVALANCHE CONSTRUCTION|
    KR101157794B1|2012-02-15|2012-07-03|한국지질자원연구원|Debris barrier with the function to control storage amount of dredged sediment, maintenance managing system and maintenance managing method using this|
    法律状态:
    2021-02-15| PUE| Assignment|Owner name: GEBR. KRUMMENACHER IMMOBILIEN AND VERWALTUNGS , CH Free format text: FORMER OWNER: KRUMMENACHER AG STAHLBAU UND METALLBAU, CH |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH00547/18A|CH714941B1|2018-04-30|2018-04-30|Support structure to protect against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides.|CH00547/18A| CH714941B1|2018-04-30|2018-04-30|Support structure to protect against avalanches, rockfalls and landslides.|
    EP19170828.8A| EP3564441B1|2018-04-30|2019-04-24|Support structure for protecting against avalanches, rockfall and landslides|
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