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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a liquid reservoir comprising a sintered body (7) made of glass or glass ceramic, wherein the sintered body (7) has an open porosity in the range from 10 to 90% and the sintered body (7) forms a shaped body with at least two channels (8), wherein the channels (8) are completely or partially enclosed by the material of the sintered body (7). Furthermore, the invention relates to evaporators (1) for hot applications, comprising a sintered body (7) as a liquid storage and a heating element.
    公开号:CH714564B1
    申请号:CH00037/19
    申请日:2019-01-11
    公开日:2019-09-30
    发明作者:Dang Cuong Phan Dr；Rindt Matthias
    申请人:Schott Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    CH 714 564 B1
    Description Field of the Invention The invention relates generally to a liquid storage device comprising a porous sintered body for storing and / or evaporating liquids. In particular, the invention relates to a liquid storage device and an evaporator unit, or an evaporator, comprising a liquid storage device and a heating unit for storing and controlled dispensing of evaporable substances. The evaporator unit can be used in particular in electronic cigarettes, in the administration devices for medicaments, room humidifiers and / or heatable evaporators for releasing substances into the room air, such as, for example, fragrances or insect repellents. This can also be used in fog or haze machines.
    Electronic cigarettes, hereinafter also referred to as e-cigarettes, are increasingly used as an alternative to tobacco cigarettes. Typically, the electronic cigarettes comprise a mouthpiece and an evaporator unit and an electrical energy source that is operatively connected to the evaporator unit. The evaporator unit has a liquid reservoir which is connected to a heating element.
    Certain drugs, especially drugs for the treatment of respiratory tract and / or the oral and / or nasal mucosa, for pain and psychotherapy and / or for the treatment of epilepsy and immune deficiency syndromes are advantageously administered in the vaporized form, e.g. as an aerosol. Vaporizers according to the invention can be used for storing and dispensing such medicaments, in particular in administration devices for such medicaments.
    Thermally heatable evaporators are increasingly being used to provide an ambience with fragrances and / or so-called mist or haze. In particular, these can be bars, hotel lobbies, event rooms and stages, training facilities, for example for fire protection and / or vehicle interiors, for example the interiors of motor vehicles, in particular passenger cars. A liquid reservoir is also connected to a heating element in the evaporator unit used here. The liquid reservoir contains a liquid, which is usually a carrier liquid such as propylene glycol and / or glycerin, in which additives such as fragrances and flavors and / or nicotine and / or medication are used with the help of appropriate solvents such as water and / or Alcohols, dissolved and / or generally contained. The carrier liquid is bound by adsorption processes on the inner surface of the liquid storage device. A separate liquid reservoir is optionally provided in order to supply liquid to the liquid storage device.
    In general, the liquid stored in the liquid store is evaporated by heating the heating element, desorbed from the wetted surface of the liquid store and can be inhaled by the user and / or provided in a room. Temperatures of over 200 ° C can be reached.
    The liquid storage must therefore have a high absorption capacity and a high adsorption effect, but at the same time the liquid must be dispensed quickly at high temperatures.
    Liquid stores and evaporator units are known from the prior art, whose liquid stores consist of porous glasses or ceramics. Due to the higher temperature stability of these liquid stores, a more compact design of the vaporizer and thus also of the electronic cigarette as a whole can be realized.
    The local evaporation can be achieved in practice by a low pressure combined with a high temperature. In the case of an electronic cigarette, the low pressure is realized, for example, by the suction pressure when the electronic cigarette is pulled while it is being consumed, and the pressure is therefore regulated by the consumer. The temperatures in the liquid storage required for the evaporation are generated by a heating unit. Temperatures of more than 200 ° C are usually reached to ensure rapid evaporation.
    [0010] DE 10 2015 113 124.2 describes open-pore sintered glasses as liquid stores for electronic cigarettes. These can be provided with an electrically conductive layer and also used as a heating element in an evaporator head. The evaporation space is formed by the pores of the sintered body and is therefore limited. Due to the limited evaporation volume, the maximum amount of steam is also limited.
    [0011] EP 2 764 783 A1 also describes liquid stores for electronic cigarettes which comprise a porous sintered body. This is used with a heating coil as an evaporator.
    Usually the heating power is provided by an electrical heating coil operated by a battery or accumulator. The heating power required depends on the volume to be evaporated and the effectiveness of the heating. In order to avoid decomposition of the liquid by excessively high temperatures, the heat transfer from the heating coil to the liquid should take place by means of contact-free radiation. For this purpose, the heating coil is attached as close as possible to the evaporation surface, preferably without touching it. However, if the coil touches the surface, the liquid is often overheated and decomposed.
    CH 714 564 B1 [0013] This is the case when a large amount of steam is required in operation and the liquid transport to the surface of the evaporator is not fast enough. Thus, the energy supply from the heating element cannot be used for evaporation, the surface dries out and can be locally heated to temperatures far above the evaporation temperature and / or the temperature stability of the liquid reservoir is exceeded. Precise temperature setting and / or control is therefore essential. However, the resulting complex structure of the electronic cigarette is disadvantageous, which manifests itself, among other things, in high production costs. In addition, the temperature control may reduce the steam development and thus the maximum possible steam intensity.
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a liquid reservoir with a porous sintered body made of glass or glass ceramic, the shape of which is optimally adapted to the particular application and offers a wide range of design options. Another object is to provide an evaporator for hot applications, which comprises a liquid reservoir and a heating element and which has improved efficiency compared to the prior art. In particular, the invention aims to produce a large amount of steam with a low heating output.
    Brief description of the invention The object of the invention is already achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
    The liquid reservoir according to the invention comprises a sintered body made of glass or glass ceramic, the sintered body having an open porosity in the range from 10 to 90%. The liquid reservoir forms a shaped body with at least two channels, which are completely or partially enclosed by material of the sintered body. The liquid storage device or the evaporator unit can also comprise a sintered body in the form of a porous ceramic.
    A carrier liquid is stored in the porous evaporator by means of adsorptive interactions, which may contain, for example, fragrance and aroma substances and / or medicaments, including active substances and / or nicotine dissolved in suitable liquids. If the liquid storage device is used in an evaporation device or if it is part of the evaporation device, the stored liquid is evaporated, desorbed from the wetted surface of the evaporator and the vapor can be inhaled by the user.
    Preferably, at least 90%, in particular at least 95%, of the total pore volume is present as open pores. The open porosity can be determined using measurement methods in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1183 and DIN 66133.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the sintered body has an open porosity in the range of at least 20%, preferably 20% to 90%, particularly preferably 50 to 80% and in particular in the range of 60 to 80%. The porosity according to the invention ensures a high adsorption capacity of the sintered body. According to one embodiment, the sintered body can absorb at least 50% of its open pore volume of propylene glycol at a temperature of 20 ° C. and an adsorption time of 3 hours. At the same time, the sintered body has good mechanical stability. In particular, sintered bodies with a relatively low porosity show high mechanical stability, which can be particularly advantageous for some applications.
    According to another embodiment, the open porosity is 20 to 50%.
    [0020] According to one embodiment of the invention, the pores have an average pore size in the range from 1 μm to 5000 μm. The pore size of the open pores of the sintered body is preferably in the range from 50 to 5000 μm, preferably in the range from 50 to 1000 μm, particularly preferably in the range from 100 to 800 μm, very particularly preferably in the range from 200 to 600 μm. According to one embodiment, the pores have an average pore size of at least 50 μm. Pores with appropriate sizes are advantageous because they are small enough to generate sufficient capillary force and thus ensure the replenishment of liquid to be evaporated, in particular when used as a liquid storage device in an evaporator, and at the same time they are large enough to release the liquid quickly To allow steam.
    [0021] The sintered body forms a shaped body with at least two channels. According to one embodiment, the channels extend over the entire length I of the molded body. The channels are thus just as long as the shaped body or as long as the extent of the shaped body in the direction that runs parallel or at least largely parallel to the channels. The channels thus emerge on at least two side surfaces of the shaped body, i.e. the channel ends are open. Open channels are particularly advantageous if steam is to escape from them, that is to say vaporization channels.
    Alternatively, at least one of the channels can have a channel length l k that is shorter than the length I of the molded body. Depending on the arrangement of the corresponding channel or channels, the channel can have closed channel ends. Channels with an open and a closed channel end are also possible. Corresponding channels function in particular as inflow channels for supplying the liquid to be evaporated. Liquid can flow into the sintered body through the open channel end. The closed channel end simultaneously prevents the liquid from leaking and / or prevents or at least minimizes the transfer of the liquid into the evaporation channels.
    CH 714 564 B1 The channels increase the surface area of the sintered body, so that the liquid reservoir has a large contact area for absorbing the liquid. This enables a quick absorption of the liquid. At the same time, when using the liquid store in an evaporator, the outlet area for the steam through the channels is enlarged.
    The channels are formed by the surrounding material of the sintered body. The channel can be completely enclosed by the material of the sintered body along its longitudinal axis. According to one embodiment, the channels can be bores or slots within the sintered body.
    Alternatively or additionally, the sintered body can also have channels which are only partially surrounded by the material of the sintered body. According to this embodiment, the channels can in particular be formed as channels on one or more outer surfaces of the sintered body.
    An embodiment of the invention provides that at least one channel is designed as a bore, preferably as a round or ellipsoidal bore or as a slot. Depending on the application or design specifications for an evaporator design, other geometrical configurations of the bores, troughs and slots, for example with a polygonal cross section, are also conceivable, although these may be more complex to produce under certain circumstances.
    [0026] The sintered body can have different shapes depending on the use. The respective shape can already be determined by the shape of the green body before sintering; due to the mechanical stability of the sintered body, mechanical processing after the sintering process is also possible, for example by grinding, cutting or drilling processes.
    [0027] The sintered body can be formed in one piece. Another embodiment provides that the sintered body is constructed from at least two individual parts that can be connected to one another. Alternatively, the individual parts of the sintered body can also be separated from one another, i.e. can be used without a non-positive, positive or material connection, for example in an evaporator.
    According to a development of the invention, the sintered body is designed as a cylinder with length I. In this embodiment, the channels run parallel or at least largely parallel. One of the channels is formed by the inner surface of the cylinder. In the following, this channel is also referred to as the first channel. The liquid reservoir has at least one further, second channel.
    One embodiment provides that the liquid store has at least two second channels, preferably at least three second channels and particularly preferably at least four second channels. The second channels are preferably arranged symmetrically around a first channel.
    [0030] According to one embodiment, the second channels have a closed outer surface, which is formed by the material of the sintered body.
    A further development provides that the second channels do not have a closed outer surface, which is formed by the material of the sintered body. These second channels are thus located on the outer lateral surface of the hollow cylinder and have an opening along their longitudinal axis.
    The sintered body of this development preferably has a star-shaped or star-like shape. The number and shape of the star wings are determined by the number and cross-sectional shape of the second channels. According to one embodiment, the sintered body has 2 to 20, preferably 4 to 10, star wings.
    [0033] The second channels can have a round or ellipsoidal cross section. Alternatively, the second channels can have a triangular or largely triangular cross section. Alternatively, the second channels can also have other polygonal shapes. Helical channels or channels in the form of annular incisions in the peripheral region of the hollow cylinder are also possible. Due to the design, material and / or production, corners or edges of the star wing may be rounded or not sharp-edged.
    The lateral surface of the channel comprises two side surfaces of the sintered body, which are formed by the star wing. The angle x between the center lines of the respective star wings is 10 to 180 °, preferably 15 to 90 ° and particularly preferably 30 to 60 °. According to one embodiment of the invention, the sectional area of the star wings formed by the second channels decreases from the inside to the outside.
    [0035] In a preferred embodiment, the star-shaped sintered body has at least five, particularly preferably at least six and very particularly preferably at least eight second channels. The angle x here is preferably 40 ° to 75 °.
    The angle x is the same for all second channels of the sintered body. The second channels are thus arranged symmetrically. However, embodiments are possible in which the second channels have different angles x and / or in which the circumferential region is not completely occupied by wings of the same or different angular spacing.
    According to another development, the sintered body is cuboid. The channels can be aligned parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the ouade with the greatest edge length.
    CH 714 564 B1 [0038] One embodiment thus provides a cuboid sintered body, the channels of which are positioned parallel or largely parallel to the rectangular edge with the greatest edge length. With this arrangement, liquid stores with particularly long channels can be realized.
    If, on the other hand, the channels are aligned perpendicularly or largely perpendicularly to the rectangular edge with the greatest edge length, many channels with a comparatively short channel length can be obtained.
    The channels can be designed as channels with a closed outer surface, i.e. the channels are located inside the cuboid sintered body. Evaporators with liquid reservoirs of this embodiment can have high steam output due to the long channels and thus the large evaporation surface.
    Alternatively or additionally, the sintered body can have open channels. Here, for example, a first channel can be arranged at an angle to a second channel. In particular, the first and second channels can be arranged orthogonally to one another. The sintered body can be aerated through the second channel or the second channels. Individual areas of the sintered body can thus be provided with air channels.
    Another object of the invention is an evaporator unit for hot applications with a sintered body according to the invention as a liquid reservoir. The vaporizer is particularly suitable for use in an electronic cigarette, in drug delivery devices or in thermally heated evaporators for fragrances. It can also be used for so-called fog machines, in which large amounts of steam are generated. The evaporator unit comprises a heating element. The heating element is preferably arranged directly on the surface of the sintered body.
    The direct arrangement of the heating element on the sintered body is advantageous since less energy is required for evaporation due to the heating element attached directly to the liquid reservoir. This protects the battery of the electronic cigarette, for example. Better temperature control can also be achieved. In addition, direct contact is also advantageous with regard to design options, for example in an electronic cigarette.
    In addition, the sintered body can be shaped in such a way that the vaporizer can be adapted to the geometric requirements of an electronic cigarette. There are also so many design options for the electronic cigarette that are no longer limited by the geometry of the vaporizer. For example, flat evaporators, for example in the form of a polygon or a disk, are possible.
    [0045] In addition, the electronic cigarette can have a more compact design, or the additional space available within the electronic cigarette can be used by other functions. In addition, the heating output can be influenced via the geometry and the dimensions of the heating element.
    One embodiment provides that the heating element is inserted and / or applied in the form of a metal foil, a metal wire or preferably an electrically conductive coating. Due to the high temperature stability of the sintered body, it can be positioned very close to the heating element.
    When an electrical voltage is applied, high temperatures are generated by the electrically conductive coating in the evaporator, so that the carrier liquid is evaporated, desorbed from the wetted surface of the evaporator and the steam can be inhaled or released by the user in a room.
    According to a development of the invention, the heating element is in the form of an electrically conductive coating which is connected to the surface of the sintered body, preferably in a materially bonded manner. Here, not only the pores on the lateral surfaces of the porous sintered body, but also the pores in the interior of the sintered body can be provided with the electrically conductive coating. The open pores are thus provided with the electrically conductive coating over the entire volume of the sintered body. The consequence of this is that when a voltage is applied to the sintered body coated according to the invention, the current flows through the entire volume of the sintered body and the entire volume of the sintered body is thus heated. The electrically conductive coating is thus deposited on the surface of the sintered body and connected to the surface of the sintered body, the electrically conductive coating lining the pores which are located in the interior of the sintered body, so that there is at least partial or partial electrical contacting of the sintered body and exposure to it with a current this current at least partially flows through the interior of the sintered body and heats the interior of the sintered body.
    Thus, in this development of the invention, heating is carried out over the entire current-carrying body volume of the sintered body and, accordingly, the liquid to be evaporated is evaporated in the entire volume of the sintered body. Thus, the steam not only forms locally on the surface of the sintered body, which form its outer surfaces, but also inside the sintered body. The electrically conductive coating is applied at least in part and / or in sections to the surface of the sintered body and forms at least part of its pore surface.
    Unlike in evaporators, which have a local heating device, for example a heating coil or an electrically conductive coating, only on the lateral surfaces of the sintered body, a capillary transport to the surface of the sintered body is not necessary. This prevents the evaporator from running dry if the capillary action is too low and thus also prevents local overheating. This has an advantageous effect on the life of the evaporator unit. In addition, decomposition processes of the liquid to be evaporated can occur if the evaporator overheats locally. On the one hand, this can be problematic since, for example, the active substance content of a substance to be evaporated
    CH 714 564 B1
    Drug is reduced. On the other hand, decomposition products are inhaled by the user, which can pose health risks. With this vaporizer, however, there is no danger.
    The electrically conductive coating can in particular be a metal such as silver, gold, platinum or chrome or be formed by a metal oxide. In one embodiment of the invention, the metal oxide is a metal oxide from the group consisting of indium tin oxide (ITO), zinc oxide (AZO) doped with aluminum, fluorine tin oxide (FTO) or antimony tin oxide (ATO). Metal oxides have been found to be particularly advantageous here, in particular due to the good adhesion to glass and the good wetting behavior of the liquid to be evaporated on the metal oxide. In addition, the above-mentioned metal oxides, in particular ITO, have high chemical and mechanical stability and are insoluble in water and alcohol, so that they are inert to the solvent of the liquid to be evaporated. In addition, the above-mentioned metal oxides are stable to temperatures up to 2000 ° C. The coating preferably contains ITO and / or is an ITO coating.
    [0052] According to one embodiment, the sintered body is designed as a hollow cylinder with a length I and at least two channels. The channels run parallel to the length I of the hollow cylinder or the coated sintered body.
    One embodiment provides that the coated sintered body is connected to a current and / or voltage source in such a way that the current flows from one end face through the cylinder to the other end face. The contact is thus made on the end faces of the hollow cylinder and can be done mechanically (non-positively) by contact with two metallic contact plates, for example, or by soldering or soldering contacts (integrally). In some cases, contacting can be supported or prepared by using electrically conductive pastes. For a better connection to the electrical contacts, a second electrically conductive layer, for example a conductive and / or solder layer or paste, can also be applied to the points of the sintered body to be contacted.
    Since the two end faces are parallel to one another, the current flows evenly through the cylinder, so that a uniform heating power is generated within the evaporator.
    The channels serve as an evaporation space in which the liquid emerges from the outer surface of the channels and evaporates. The amount of steam that can be generated depends on the size of the outer surface and increases with increasing surface area.
    [0056] The suction pressure and the flow can be set via the diameter of the channels and the channel length. A high suction pressure can be achieved through small diameters and / or long channels. The volume flow increases with increasing diameter and a shortening of the channel length.
    In the case of a hollow cylinder with only one channel arranged in the center, the wall thickness of the hollow cylinder determines the transport path of the liquid to be evaporated to the outlet surface and thus also the efficiency of the evaporator. With increasing wall thickness of the evaporator, the transport route to the outlet surface also increases and the efficiency of the evaporator decreases. This can be particularly problematic with large evaporators, since there are correspondingly large wall thicknesses.
    If large amounts of steam and / or a high volume flow are required, the volume of the evaporator and the steam outlet area can generally be increased in the case of a hollow cylinder with a channel. However, the enlargement of the lateral surface of the channel, i.e. the inner surface of the hollow cylinder to deteriorate suction pressure. This can result in an unfavorable mixing of little steam with a lot of air in the interior of the hollow cylinder, which can have a particularly disadvantageous effect on a uniform dispensing of the liquid to be evaporated.
    An extension of the evaporator also leads to an increase in the amount of steam, but the extension also increases the electrical resistance, so that the electrical power is reduced.
    [0060] An evaporator according to the invention therefore has at least two channels. According to one embodiment, the coated hollow cylinder has at least one first and at least one second channel, which have closed lateral surfaces. The channels are therefore located within the sintered body and have openings on the end faces of the hollow cylinder. The inner lateral surface of the hollow cylinder is preferably formed by the first channel. The first channel thus preferably forms the center of the hollow cylinder.
    The second channels are preferably arranged symmetrically or at least largely symmetrically to the first channel. The second channels increase the evaporation surface compared to a corresponding cylinder with only one channel, without the overall diameter of the hollow cylinder having to be increased. Accordingly, the transport path of the liquid remains short, so that the additional channels do not adversely affect the efficiency of the evaporator. Rather, the additional channels reduce the transport path of the liquid from the outer surface to the surface of the channel. This increases the amount of steam escaping and thus the effectiveness of the evaporator and the energy consumption is reduced.
    [0062] In addition, since the length of the cylinder does not have to be increased, the specific electrical power of the evaporator remains unchanged. The suction pressure can be adjusted via the number of channels and the diameter of the channels.
    CH 714 564 B1 Another embodiment provides a different electrical contacting of the evaporator. Here, an electrical pole or electrical contact, for example the positive pole, is positioned in the first channel, while the outer surface of the cylinder then forms the other electrical pole, for example the negative pole, of the heating element. When contacting the positive pole in the first channel, the current flows outwards from the center of the cylinder. The second channels continue to act as exit points for the steam. According to a further development, the sintered body can additionally have a second electrically conductive view, at least on parts of the surface, to improve the contact.
    When the negative pole is positioned on the outer surface, it is advantageous if the coated sintered body touches the housing of the evaporator, since the housing is generally connected to the negative pole of the current or voltage source. Unlike in the case of electrical contacting via the end faces, electrical insulation is therefore not necessary.
    As electrical insulation, in particular in electronic cigarettes, an intermediate layer of electrically insulating material such as, for example, nonwoven or fibrous materials, such as, for example, cotton, glass wool, cellulose or wool, between the housing and the heating element, i.e. the coated evaporator. However, this is not dimensionally stable, so that the heating element can come into accidental contact with the housing. This is particularly the case when very large heating elements are used. In the case of a cylinder contacted on the end faces, contact of the heating element and housing leads to a short circuit.
    The electrical contact described above with a current flow from the inside of the cylinder to the outer surface area is therefore particularly suitable for evaporators with large heating elements.
    Another advantage of this contact is that the current flow in the heating element is independent of the length of the cylinder. The volume of vaporization can thus be increased by lengthening the cylinder without increasing the specific electrical resistance. This means that the specific heating output in the volume remains constant even when the hollow body is extended. This enables the provision of very long evaporators with small diameters and high steam output.
    In the electrical contacting described above, the specific heating power is inversely proportional to the diameter of the evaporator. Vaporizers with small diameters, such as those used in electric cigarettes, have a very high heating output when this contact is made. The heating power can in turn also be determined by the thickness of the electrically conductive coating and is proportional to the layer thickness. Thus, small vaporizers, which should have a heating power typical for electronic cigarettes in the range from 8 to 80 W, only need a comparatively thin, electrically conductive coating. This is an economic advantage, especially when using high-priced coating materials such as ITO.
    Another advantage of an electrical contact with a positioning of one of the electrical poles, or electrical connections or contacts and in particular the positive pole in the first channel, is that the current flow can be directed within the coated sintered body. In contrast to contacting from face to face of the cylinder, inhomogeneous distributions of the current flow are therefore also possible.
    The current flow can be directed in particular through the position of the second channels and their cross-sectional shape. The current flow can also be spatially controlled by positioning the second electrical poles, for example the negative poles.
    In the case of a cylinder which has only a first channel and no further channels and in which the negative pole is formed by the entire outer surface area of the cylinder, the electrical currents run in the same way from the inside to the outside in all directions. As a rule, the current intensity and thus the heating power in the evaporator decreases from the inside out. A reverse power distribution, i.e. an increase in the heat output from the inside out is more advantageous for the evaporation. This is due to the fact that more liquid flows in from the outside and therefore a higher heat of evaporation is required in the outer areas.
    This can be achieved, for example, by positioning the negative pole only in the regions of the outer surface of the cylinder which are at a short distance from a second channel. This means that the current flow and thus also the heating power in the areas of the sintered body around the second channels has its maximum strength.
    A concentration of the heating power around the areas of the second channels is advantageous since more heating power is required here due to the high evaporation. The remaining areas of the coated sintered body have a lower temperature.
    In addition to the positioning of the negative pole, the cross-sectional shape of the second channels also affects the distribution of the current in the coated sintered body. For example, channels with an elongated or ellipsoidal cross section in the direction of the negative pole likewise lead to a concentration of the current flow in the regions of the sintered body which adjoin the second channels.
    A further development provides that the second channels are only partially surrounded by the material of the sintered body. Thus, the second channels do not have a closed outer surface, but are open on at least one side.
    CH 714 564 B1
    The second channels preferably have a cross-sectional shape that tapers towards the center of the cylinder. In this embodiment, the second channels thus widen in the direction of the outer surfaces of the sintered body.
    [0076] Second channels, which have a V-shaped or largely V-shaped cross section, have been found to be particularly advantageous with regard to the course of the current flow in the sintered body. A v-shaped cross section can also be understood to mean a triangular or largely triangular cross section. The two sides of the open channel are formed by the material of the sintered body. The angle x, which is formed by the center lines of the respective two star wings, is preferably less than 45 °.
    According to a development of the invention, the angle x is in the range between 30 ° and 60 °.
    Depending on the number, their positioning and their cross section, the sintered body can thus have a star-shaped or partially star-shaped cross-sectional shape. A star wing is formed in each case two second channels. Sintered bodies with at least 4, preferably at least 6 and particularly preferably at least 8 second channels have been found to be particularly advantageous.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the cross section of the second channels is selected such that the intersection of the star wing decreases with the distance from the first channel.
    In the case of star-shaped heating elements, it has proven particularly advantageous with regard to the spatial distribution of the heating power within the heating element to position the one electrical pole, for example the positive pole, in the central first channel. In this embodiment, the other electrical pole is alternately positioned on every second of the second channels in such a way that the respective second channels are spatially closed by the other pole. The channel thus has a closed outer surface. The positive pole is preferably positioned in the first channel. In this exemplary embodiment, part of the lateral surface of the corresponding channel is formed by the material of the coated sintered body and part by the material of the negative pole. The closed second channels thus generated are thus spatially separated from the liquid in the liquid container and serve as evaporation chambers. The open second channels lead to a large contact area of the sintered body with the liquid. This embodiment thus enables the liquid to be absorbed quickly by the coated sintered body and also to be dispensed quickly through the large steam outlet area, so that corresponding evaporators are highly efficient. By positioning the electrical poles, the heating power is also concentrated in the star wings. This is advantageous because the heat output is greatest near the evaporation chambers.
    A development of the invention provides that the evaporator has at least one third channel. The third channel runs transversely, preferably perpendicularly, at least to a first channel through the sintered body and preferably has a smaller diameter or a smaller cross-sectional area than the first channel and the second channel. In particular, the third channel serves as an inlet opening for the fluid into the liquid reservoir. The third channel can in particular be slit-shaped or round. The third channel improves the uptake and transfer of the liquid into the evaporator. Here, the third channel preferably has no connection to the first and second channels and is closed to the evaporation space.
    According to a development of the invention, the evaporator can have a plurality of heating zones which are formed by different poles. These poles can be electrically connected separately so that the heating zones can be controlled individually. The individual heating zones can be operated with different heating capacities. When the heating zones are arranged, for example, at different positions on the outer surface of an evaporator in the form of a cylinder, a temperature gradient can thus be achieved in the evaporator. A targeted switching on or off of individual heating zones for control, i.e. It is possible to increase or decrease the heating output and thus the amount of steam or dosage of active ingredients.
    According to another development of the invention, the coated sintered body is cuboid or at least largely cuboid or with a polygonal cross section. The cuboid has edges a, b and c and the channels run parallel to edge a. The channels have a closed outer surface, which is formed by the material of the coated sintered body. These are closed channels. The channels can be aligned parallel or perpendicular to the rectangular edge with the greatest edge length.
    [0083] One embodiment provides a cuboid coated sintered body, the channels of which are positioned parallel or largely parallel to the cuboid edge with the greatest edge length. With this arrangement, liquid stores with particularly long channels can be realized.
    On the other hand, if the channels are aligned perpendicularly or largely perpendicularly to the rectangular edge with the greatest edge length, many channels with a comparatively short channel length can be obtained.
    Here, the channels can be designed as channels with a closed lateral surface, i.e. the channels are inside the cuboidal evaporator. Vaporizers with liquid storage devices of this embodiment can have high steam output due to the long channels and thus the large evaporation surface.
    As an alternative or in addition, the coated sintered body can have open channels. Here, for example, a first channel can be arranged at an angle to a second channel. In particular, the first and second channels can be arranged orthogonally to one another. Individual areas of the sintered body can thus be provided with air channels.
    CH 714 564 B1 The electrical contact can be made via two opposite side surfaces of the cuboid, which run parallel to the channels. The side surfaces thus serve as a positive or negative pole.
    [0088] Alternatively, two opposite side surfaces of the cuboid serve as a negative pole. In this embodiment, the positive pole is located within the sintered body. The channels serve as evaporation chambers and are preferably arranged equidistant from the first channel.
    Another embodiment provides a coated sintered body, the channels of which have a closed outer surface and the outer surface is formed by the material of the coated sintered body. The pole contacts are positioned such that when a voltage is applied, the current flow in the sintered body is locally limited to the regions of the sintered body that have the channels. This is advantageous since the heating power is thus concentrated in the areas in which the evaporation takes place, while the other areas of the sintered body have a lower temperature. The position of the contacts on or in the sintered body can thus be used to produce zones in the sintered body which have a high heating power and thus a higher temperature, so that vaporization preferably takes place there. These are preferably the channels of the sintered body, which offer a large exit area for the steam. Other areas of the sintered body are not or only weakly or only weakly heated. They act as storage areas. Liquid stores and evaporators can thus be realized in a material-bound sintered body. In addition to a compact design, corresponding evaporator combinations are also leakproof.
    [0090] The channels may be arranged around an evaporator area. In a preferred embodiment, the sintered body has at least four channels. The channels are arranged in at least two rows in the sintered body, the pole contacts being positioned such that the areas of the sintered body around the channels have current flowing through them and there is no current flow or only a weak current flow in the area between the channel rows, with the evaporation only in the current flowing through them Areas of the sintered body takes place. Alternatively, the channels can be arranged in a ring around the evaporator area.
    A further development of the invention provides a sintered body, only the areas around the channels being provided with an electrically conductive coating. Thus, only the coated area is electrically conductive and heatable, while the remaining areas of the sintered body serve as a storage area.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of figures and exemplary embodiments. Show it:
    Fig. 1 1 shows a schematic illustration of an evaporator unit of an electronic cigarette, Fig. 2 1 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a sintered body for use as a liquid store, Fig. 3 1 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of an evaporator with a cylindrical sintered body, 4 and 5 further exemplary embodiments with star-shaped sintered bodies, Fig. 6 1 shows a schematic illustration of a cuboidal vaporizer in an electronic cigarette, Fig. 7 another embodiment of a sintered body, Fig. 8 7 the use of the sintered body shown in FIG. 7 as part of an evaporation device in an electronic cigarette, 9 to 12 cuboidal evaporators with different electronic contacts, 13 and 14 Developments of the invention with several heating zones, Fig. 15 the opening angle between two wings of a star-shaped liquid reservoir, and Fig. 16 a variant of the embodiment shown in Fig. 14.
    1 shows the schematic structure of an evaporator head 22 of an electronic cigarette with an evaporator 1. The evaporator 1 is designed as a cylinder with a channel and is in contact with the liquid to be evaporated 2. The channel is a bore, So formed as an enclosed channel. Electrical contact is made with an electrical power source by touching two metal contact plates or by soldering to the wire. In addition to solder, a thin layer of silver helps when soldering, e.g. made of silver paste on the end face for a more stable line between wire and evaporator. Since these surfaces are parallel to one another, current flows evenly through the cylinder and generates uniform heating power throughout the evaporator. When on
    CH 714 564 B1 construction of the evaporator 1 in the evaporation chamber 5 should have a diameter equal to the length of the standard spiral / wick (5-7 mm) so that the evaporator touches the insulating wool 4 well. The liquid is sucked into the evaporator via the contact surface between the wool and the evaporator (outer surface of the cylinder) by suction pressure during inhalation and by capillary force. An electrical insulation of the evaporator 1 from the housing 11 takes place by means of a wool layer 4. The channel of the evaporator functions as an evaporation zone. The generated steam can be inhaled by the user via the mouthpiece 6. Each time the evaporator is switched on, it is heated and the amount of liquid stored in its volume evaporates and liquid is replenished. The steam metering can be adjusted by the size and the porosity of the evaporator. The evaporator 1 accordingly forms a liquid reservoir 100 according to the invention by storing the liquid.
    2 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the sintered body 7 according to the invention. This is designed as a hollow cylinder with additional channels. The first channel 8 forms the inner lateral surface of the hollow cylinder. The second channels 9 are arranged around the first channel 8, preferably symmetrically or equally distributed. The channels are closed channels, i.e. they have a closed outer surface which is formed by the material of the sintered body. Provided with an electrically conductive coating (not shown), the sintered body can be used as a heating element in an evaporator. Through the channels, the size of the outlet area is increased and at the same time the transport route of liquid from the outer surface to channel 9 is reduced. The suction pressure can be set here by the number and diameter of the holes. The significantly shorter transport route increases the amount of steam escaping and thus the effectiveness. Energy consumption is reduced.
    3 shows an evaporator 1 with an electrically conductive coated sintered body 70, in which the electrical contact is made from the inside to the outside. For this purpose, the first channel 8 functions as a positive pole. The second channels 9 are arranged symmetrically around the first channel 8 and have an ellipsoidal cross section. The negative pole is spatially limited to the areas around the second channels 9. The current flow is symbolized by the arrows 10. The current no longer runs uniformly through the second channels 9 and depending on the negative pole position. When the negative pole is positioned, the current flow 10 has maximum strength around the lateral surface of the second channels 9 and thus a maximum heating power there. Such a geometry and positioning of the electrical poles can influence the power distribution and thus the evaporation in a targeted manner. The heating power should generally be somewhat higher by the second channels 9 than in the other areas of the evaporator, since more energy is required there due to the high evaporation. The other areas in this design are colder.
    In addition, the coated sintered body 70 has a third channel 13. This is slit-shaped and acts as a liquid supply in the inner areas of the sintered body. The absorption of the liquid 12 to be evaporated in the liquid reservoir 100 formed by the evaporator 1 can thus be increased.
    4 and 5 show exemplary embodiments with star-shaped evaporators 1. Here, the sintered body has a first channel 8, which forms the inner circumferential surface of the hollow cylinder and receives the positive pole. The second channels 9a, 9b have a V-shaped profile and - in relation to the sintered body - are open channels, i.e. they do not have a continuous outer surface, which is formed by the material of the sintered body, but have an open long side or are open on the side. The cross-sectional shape of the second channels gives the coated sintered body 70 a star shape with the star wings 70a. The intersection of the star wings 70a decreases towards the outside. Alternately, every second channel is connected to the negative pole 14 in such a way that the negative pole 14 forms part of the lateral surface of the respective second channel, so that this channel has a closed lateral surface which is partly formed by the material of the sintered body 70 and partly by the negative pole 14. The negative pole 14 thus spatially shields the corresponding channel 9b from the liquid to be evaporated.
    Channel 9b thus represents an evaporation zone. By positioning the electrical contacts in connection with the cross-sectional shape of the second channels 9a, the heating power can be concentrated in the vanes 70a of the evaporator.
    The channels 9a have an open, V-shaped profile and thus allow a large contact area with the liquid 12. Thus, the evaporators shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 have both large contact areas with liquid and large outlet areas for steam. It enables fast absorption and quick delivery and thus very high effectiveness of the evaporator.
    In the evaporator shown in Fig. 5, the size of the opening to the liquid container is reduced by the size and position of the negative contact so that there is minimal liquid pressure in the evaporation chamber and thus the risk of liquid leakage is minimized.
    6 shows an evaporator head 22 of an electronic cigarette 30 with an evaporator 1 in the form of a cuboid 70. Typical dimensions of cuboidal or block-shaped evaporators in electronic cigarettes are the dimensions W x H x L = 5 x 5 x (3 up to 5) mm 3 . In the evaporator shown in FIG. 6, the length L is greater in relation to the width B.
    The cuboidal evaporator 1 according to the invention can be adapted in shape and size to the design in such a way that it fits exactly in the position of the standard wick and can thus replace the wicks with heating coil previously used by simply replacing the components. In the e-cigarette and in the vaporization chamber
    CH 714 564 B1
    Evaporator 1 installed so that the side surfaces of the evaporator touches the wool layer (with liquid) 13 and from there absorbs liquid 12 from the wool. Liquid 12 is transported to the center, where it is heated and vaporized when the e-cigarette is switched on.
    The contacting with the contacts, or poles + pole and -pole is shown in Fig. 6a. Metal plates or soldered metal wires can be used as contacts 14. To improve the contacting, solder, a thin layer of silver paste or other metal coatings, for example in the form of a second electrically conductive coating, can be used. The outlet surfaces for steam are then lateral surfaces of the channels 8.
    7 shows a coated sintered body 1 in the form of a cuboid 70 with first and second channels 8, 9. The channels 8, 9 are open channels and have a U-shaped cross-sectional shape. Here, the first channels 8 are orthogonal to the second channels 9. This gives the coated sintered body 7 feet 72 with air channels. When an electrical current is applied, the electrical current concentrates in the feet and generates a maximum heating output there. Channels 8, 9 provide a large outlet area for the steam in this area. In addition, the air channels serve as thermal insulation and retain the heat in the evaporator.
    The area of the sintered body 7 which, when used in an evaporator, is close to the liquid container has no channels. This part of the sintered body is therefore more solid. This is advantageous since the sintered body can thus perform a sealing function and prevent the liquid from escaping. In addition, this area has good thermal insulation due to the solid construction. Due to its larger cross-section, the electrical current is distributed and the heating output is reduced accordingly in this area.
    8 shows the use of the vaporizer shown in FIG. 7 in an electronic cigarette 30. Here, the vaporizer 70 is located directly below the liquid container 12. It serves as the lid of the liquid container 12. The liquid is supplied by small ones Openings at the bottom of the container 23 to the evaporator. The sealing function of the evaporator favors an inflow into the evaporator, but prevents the liquid from escaping.
    9 to 12 show evaporators with different electronic contacts and illustrate the control of the current flow within the evaporator by positioning the pole contacts.
    The evaporators shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 have the same electrically conductive coating in all areas. Nevertheless, the electrical currents preferably only flow into the evaporation areas 24. The storage areas 25 remain cold, so that the liquid in these areas cannot be evaporated but can be stored.
    In the following optimizations, electrical currents are controlled by the positioning of the pole contacts. Although all areas have the same coating, electrical currents only flow in the evaporation area. The storage area remains cold. Liquid will not evaporate there and can be temporarily stored there. Liquid storage and evaporation can thus take place in a porous body. The two areas can be partially separated from one another by channels 8 for the steam outlet.
    11 and 12 show embodiments in which only parts of the sintered body are provided with an electrical coating (area 70). Accordingly, only the areas 70 are electrically conductive and heatable. The outer areas 7 remain cold and serve as liquid storage and thermal insulation.
    13 shows a development of the invention with a plurality of heating zones, which are formed by the negative poles 140, 141 and 142. The sintered body 7 is coated in an electrically conductive manner and is in the form of a hollow cylinder. The first channel 8 is formed by the inner lateral surfaces of the hollow cylinder. The positive pole 150 is located in it, while the second channels 9 are available as evaporation spaces.
    The negative poles 140, 141 and 142 can be supplied with current separately from one another. For example, it is possible to apply only one negative pole to current during operation. The respective adjacent region of the sintered body is then heated accordingly. If, for example, a higher heating output is required during operation, the additional negative poles can also be supplied with electricity.
    As an alternative, all negative poles 140, 141 and 142 can also be supplied with current, different voltages being applied. Different heating powers can thus be generated at the individual negative poles 140, 141, 142. This can be used, for example, to generate a gradient of the heating power within the evaporator.
    14 shows a further embodiment of the development of the invention described in FIG. 13. Here the evaporator 7 is in the form of a cuboid with the channels 8. The positive poles 151 and 152 and the negative poles 143 and 144 are located on the opposite sides of the cuboid. Here, too, the individual poles can be supplied with current separately.
    15 shows a schematic illustration of a star-shaped evaporator with a first channel 8 and a second channel 9. The second channel 9 is an open channel and is formed by the side faces of the adjacent star wings. The angle x 27 denotes the angle between the center lines of the respective star wings and correlates with the number of star wings. The channel 9 can, as shown in FIG. 15, have an acute angle and thus a V-shaped profile. Here, the profile of the second channel can also be rounded.
    CH 714 564 B1 [0114] FIG. 16 shows a variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. 14. In the embodiment of FIG. 16, the first channels 8 are designed to be open on one side, or more generally the first channel or channels 8 have a termination 80 which closes the passage of the channel. The termination 80 can be arranged on one of the end faces of the sintered body or, as in the channel shown on the right, between the openings of the channel 8 on the end faces.
    claims
    权利要求:
    Claims (37)
    [1]
    Liquid storage device comprising a sintered body (7) made of glass or glass ceramic, the sintered body (7) having an open porosity in the range from 10 to 90% and the sintered body (7) forming a shaped body with at least two channels (8), wherein the channels (8) are wholly or partially enclosed by the material of the sintered body (7).
    [2]
    2. Liquid reservoir according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the channels (8) is designed as a bore, preferably as a round or ellipsoidal or polygonal bore or as a slot.
    [3]
    3. Liquid reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the shaped body has a length I and the channels (8) extend over the entire length I of the shaped body.
    [4]
    4. Liquid reservoir according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sintered body (7) as a cylinder with the length
    I is formed and at least one of the channels (8) runs essentially parallel to the length I of the cylinder.
    [5]
    5. Liquid reservoir according to claim 4, wherein the channels of the sintered body (7) are designed as first channels (8) and second channels (9) and the sintered body (7) has a first channel (8) and at least one second channel (9) The first channel (8) is completely enclosed by the material of the sintered body (7) along its length l k and is preferably located in the center of the cylinder.
    [6]
    6. Liquid reservoir according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the sintered body (7) is designed as an ouader and the channels (8) run parallel to an edge.
    [7]
    7. Liquid reservoir according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sintered body (7) has at least two second channels (9) and the second channels (9) are arranged symmetrically to the position of the first channel (8).
    [8]
    8. Liquid reservoir according to one of claims 5 to 6, wherein the second channels (9) are completely enclosed by the material of the sintered body (7) and preferably have a round or ellipsoidal or polygonal cross section.
    [9]
    9. Liquid reservoir according to one of claims 5 to 6, wherein the second channels (9) are only partially surrounded by the material of the sintered body (7), so that the second channels have an open long side.
    [10]
    10. Liquid reservoir according to claim 9, wherein the second channels (9) have a V-shaped cross section and two sides of the second channel (9) are formed by the material of the sintered body (7) and the angle x between the center lines of the Material of the sintered body (7) formed sides is in the range between 15 ° and 90 °.
    [11]
    11. Liquid reservoir according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sintered body has an open porosity in the range from 50 to 80%.
    [12]
    12. Liquid reservoir according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pores of the sintered body have a size in the range from 1 to 5000 μm, preferably in the range from 50 to 1000 μm and particularly preferably in the range from 100 to 800 μm and very particularly preferably in the range from 200 up to 600 μm.
    [13]
    13. Evaporator (1) for hot applications, comprising a liquid reservoir according to one of claims 1 to
    II and a heating element (26).
    [14]
    14. Evaporator (1) according to claim 13, wherein the heating element (26) is arranged directly on the surface of the sintered body (7) or on parts of the surface of the sintered body (7).
    [15]
    15. Evaporator (1) according to claim 14, wherein the heating element (26) in the form of a metal foil, a metal wire or an electrically conductive coating is arranged on the sintered body (7).
    [16]
    16. Evaporator (1) according to claim 13, wherein the heating element (26) is in the form of an electrically conductive coating, the electrically conductive coating being connected to the surface of the sintered body (7), which is formed by the open pores, wherein the electrically conductive coating is deposited on the surface of the sintered body (7) and is connected to the surface of the sintered body (7), the electrically conductive coating lining pores which are located in the interior of the sintered body, so that when the sintered body is electrically contacted and exposed with a current this current at least partially flows through the interior of the sintered body (7) and heats the interior of the sintered body (7).
    [17]
    17. Evaporator (1) according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the sintered body (7) is designed as a cylinder with the length I and the channels (8) run parallel to the length I of the cylinder.
    CH 714 564 B1
    [18]
    18. Evaporator (1) according to claim 17, wherein the channels of the sintered body (7) are designed as first channels (8) and second channels (9) and wherein the sintered body (7) designed as a cylinder has at least one first and at least one second channel (8, 9), the first channel (8) being completely surrounded by the material of the sintered body (7).
    [19]
    19. Evaporator (1) according to claim 18, wherein the first channel (8) forms the center of the cylinder and / or the second channels (9) are arranged symmetrically to the first channel (8).
    [20]
    20. Evaporator (1) according to one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the second channels (9) are completely enclosed by the material of the sintered body (7) and preferably have a round or ellipsoidal cross section.
    [21]
    21. Evaporator (1) according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the electrically conductive coating is connected to the surface of the sintered body (7), which is formed by the open pores, and the heating element (26) of the evaporator (1) which is electrically Includes conductive coating, wherein the electrically conductive coating is deposited on the surface of the sintered body (7) and connected to the surface of the sintered body (7), the electrically conductive coating lining pores that are located inside the sintered body (7), so that upon electrical contacting of the sintered body (7) and exposure to a current, this current at least partially flows through the interior of the sintered body (7) and heats the interior of the sintered body (7), the electrical contacting taking place in such a way that the surface caused by the first channel (8) is formed, which has an electrical pole of the heating element (26), preferably the positive pole, and the outer surface of the cylinder forms the other electrical pole of the heating element (26), preferably the negative pole of the heating element (26).
    [22]
    22. Evaporator (1) according to claim 21, wherein the sintered body (7) has at least two, preferably at least four second channels (9) and / or the second channels (9) preferably have a round or ellipsoidal cross section.
    [23]
    23. Evaporator (1) according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the sintered body (7) in addition to the first channel (8) and the second channels (9) has at least a third channel (13), the third channel (13) completely is enclosed by the material of the sintered body (7) and runs transversely, preferably vertically, through the cylinder and the second channel (9) and the third channel (13) serve as an inlet opening for the fluid into the liquid reservoir.
    [24]
    24. Evaporator (1) according to claim 23, wherein the third channel (13) has a smaller diameter than the first channel (8).
    [25]
    25. Evaporator (1) according to one of the preceding claims 21 to 24, wherein the second channels (9) are only partially surrounded by the material of the sintered body (7), so that the second channels (9) have an open side and preferably the second Channels (9) have a triangular cross section and two sides of the second channel (9) are formed by the material of the sintered body (7) and the angle x between the center lines of the sides formed by the material of the sintered body (7) is between 15 ° and 90 ° lies.
    [26]
    26. Evaporator (1) according to claim 25, wherein the sintered body (7) is star-shaped, wherein a star wing is formed by two second channels (9) and the shape of the second channels (9) is formed such that the cut surface of the the second channels (9) formed star wing decreases with the distance from the first channel (8).
    [27]
    27. Evaporator (1) according to one of the preceding claims 21 to 27, wherein the evaporator (1) has an electrical contact and the electrical contact preferably comprises a second electrically conductive coating.
    [28]
    28. Evaporator (1) according to one of claims 21 to 27, wherein the sintered body (7) is in the form of a cylinder and the electrical contact is applied to the end faces of the cylinder.
    [29]
    29. Evaporator (1) according to claim 16, wherein the sintered body (7) is cuboid, the channels (8) parallel to one of the edges of the cuboid and wherein the channels (8) completely surrounded by the material of the sintered body (7) become.
    [30]
    30. Evaporator (1) according to claim 29, wherein two opposite side surfaces of the cuboid, which run parallel to the channels (8), serve as electrical poles of the heating element.
    [31]
    31. Evaporator (1) according to claim 29, wherein two opposite side surfaces of the cuboid serve as an electrical pole of the heating element and the other electrical pole is located within the sintered body (7) and preferably the channels (8) are arranged equidistant from the electrical poles are.
    [32]
    32. Evaporator (1) according to claim 16, wherein the sintered body (7) is designed as a cuboid or cylinder, the channels (8) being completely surrounded by the material of the sintered body (7), the electrical contacts to the poles of the heating element being so be positioned so that when a voltage is applied, the current flow in the sintered body (7) is locally limited to the areas of the sintered body (7) which have the channels (8).
    [33]
    33. Evaporator (1) according to claim 32, wherein the sintered body (7) has at least four channels (8) which are arranged in at least two rows in the sintered body, the electrical contacts to the poles of the heating element being positioned such that the regions of the sintered body (7) through which the channels (8) flow and no current flow or only a weak current flow takes place in the area between the channel rows, the evaporation taking place only in the areas of the sintered body (7) through which current flows.
    CH 714 564 B1
    [34]
    34. Evaporator (1) according to one of the preceding claims 21 to 33, wherein the evaporator (1) has at least two heating zones (140, 141, 142) formed by at least two heating elements, the individual heating zones being contacted by two electrical poles each and the current flow in the individual heating zones can preferably be switched separately from one another.
    [35]
    35. Use of an evaporator (1) for evaporating a liquid according to one of claims 13 to 34 in an electronic cigarette (30), an inhaler or in a steam, vapor or fog machine.
    [36]
    36. evaporator head (22) with an evaporator (1) according to one of claims 13 to 34 in a housing (11) and electrical contacts for connecting the sintered body (7).
    [37]
    37. Use of a liquid store (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12 for storing a liquid in electric cigarettes (30), inhalers or fog machines.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN110037348A|2019-07-23|
    JP2019122372A|2019-07-25|
    GB201900571D0|2019-03-06|
    GB2571621A|2019-09-04|
    DE102018100749A1|2019-07-18|
    KR20190087313A|2019-07-24|
    GB2571621B|2021-02-03|
    CH714564A2|2019-07-15|
    US20190216132A1|2019-07-18|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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