• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to an active-dynamic seat apparatus (1), in particular to an active-dynamic seat apparatus comprising a foot part (2), a seat part (3) and a leg (4) which connects the foot part with the seat part. The leg (4) comprises at least two joint bodies (5) and a vertebral body (6), a first joint body (5) connecting the foot part (2) to the vertebral body (6) and a second joint body (5) carrying the vertebral body (6 ) connects to the seat part (3). A resulting restoring force is exerted when the seat part (3) is deflected from a foot rest (2) substantially parallel and coaxial rest position. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the resulting restoring force is exerted by the joint body (5), wherein the joint body are made of a resilient material. The present invention also relates to a method for adjusting the rigidity of an active-dynamic seating device (1) according to the invention.
    公开号:CH714262A1
    申请号:CH01286/17
    申请日:2017-10-20
    公开日:2019-04-30
    发明作者:Sabato Gian-Luca
    申请人:Sysmolab Sabato Gian Luca Sabato；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an active-dynamic seat apparatus, in particular to an active-dynamic seat apparatus comprising a plurality of hinge bodies, which allow movements of the seat apparatus from a rest position and ensure a return of the seat part in the rest position. The present invention relates to an active dynamic seating device which can take the form of a stool. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method for adjusting the rigidity of an active-dynamic seating device according to the invention.
    Background Art A variety of people nowadays suffer from symptoms such as back or neck pain, the cause of which can often be found in too long and passive sitting phases. Such phases usually take place during the occupational violence of those affected, which more and more often involves working on the computer.
    [0003] While these symptoms cause great harm to all those affected, they also pose a major economic problem for society as a whole, as more and more suffering workers regularly have to stay away from work.
    Therefore, several solutions have been proposed which should improve the situation of the persons who have to work long sitting. For example, office workplaces whose height is adjustable are used today at many workstations. By means of such office tables, workers can alternate sitting phases and standing phases without any major obstacle, which leads to a relief of the back muscles. Another approach is seating devices, most often in the form of chairs or balls that promote active dynamic sitting.
    All active-dynamic seating devices are based on the principle of actively balancing an unstable equilibrium by the user. Active dynamic sitting means in other words to constantly move, to keep the balance constantly. Especially on seated balls, the users are in constant unstable equilibrium. You must therefore focus on the particular way of sitting, so as not to fall down. In the unstable equilibrium position, small compensatory movements are repeatedly performed by the spinal musculature. This counteracts the otherwise usual sitting posture and which is unfavorable to the spine. Different muscle groups are activated again and again and the static strain on the muscles in the sense of holding work is reduced. This prevents tensions.
    Seating balls are particularly efficient active-dynamic seating devices, since the smallest movements of the user cause an imbalance, which must be actively compensated. However, a disadvantage of the seat balls is that they are usually very bulky and often do not match the image of a highly professional office. In addition, seatballs can also be dangerous, as it is relatively easy to fall off a seat ball.
    In addition to sitting balls, there are a variety of versions of chairs and stools, which are based on the same principle of unstable equilibrium. For example, stools are known which allow oscillating movements by means of a movable tire element or joint element provided under, or directly at, their foot part. Also known are seat devices which, in addition to a joint element, have a helical spring under the seat part. Again, in the unstable equilibrium position small compensatory movements are repeatedly carried out by the spinal muscles, which train the back and therefore act preventively against back problems. While the known active dynamic chairs and stools are space-saving and less dangerous than seatballs, however, larger movements of the entire device are needed to achieve an equally effective active dynamic sitting.
    Also known are seat devices, such as chairs, in which a labile balance is achieved by a plurality of flexible legs.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Based on the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the aforesaid drawbacks and to provide a space-saving and safe active-dynamic seating device in which the smallest movements of the user must be actively compensated. In addition, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a method, thanks to which the rigidity of the inventive seat device can be easily adjusted.
    According to the present invention, these objects are achieved primarily by the elements of the two independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments are also evident from the dependent claims and the description.
    The objects of the invention are achieved, in particular, by an actively dynamic seating device comprising a foot part, a seat part and a leg which connects the foot part to the seat part. The leg of the inventive seat device comprises at least two joint bodies and a vertebral body, wherein a first joint body connects the foot part with the vertebral body and wherein a second joint body connects the vertebral body with the seat part.
    In addition, when the seat part is deflected from a substantially parallel and coaxial with the foot rest position, a resulting restoring force is exerted. The basic idea of the invention lies in the arrangement of successive articulated bodies along the axis of the leg, which give the leg, and accordingly the seating device, the necessary flexibility and the desired unstable equilibrium, and vertebral bodies which form the skeleton of the device and the essential axial stability to the device. The successive arrangement of joint bodies and vertebral bodies in the device according to the invention is strongly reminiscent of that of a human spinal column, which consists of rigid vertebral bodies that are movably connected via intervertebral discs. In the present invention, the so-called joint bodies take over the function of the intervertebral discs and allow the vertebral bodies to move relative to each other. The active sitting is thus achieved by the unstable equilibrium resulting from the freedom of movement of the vertebral bodies. The advantage of having a large number of joint bodies is that the stress resulting from the user sitting and the constant balance of the unstable equilibrium is distributed over several active elements. In addition, a relatively large deflection of the seat part can be divided into several smaller movements of the individual elements. The distribution of stress on a plurality of active elements also has the advantage of increasing the life of these elements. According to the invention, a resulting restoring force is exerted, which counteracts the deflection of the seat device from its rest position. As a result, the seat device advantageously returns to its rest position as soon as the load that caused the deflection ends. The restoring force also guarantees a safe and comfortable sitting.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the seating device comprises a plurality of vertebral bodies, wherein further articulated bodies form the connection between two successive vertebral bodies. As a result, the stress acting on the joint bodies can be further divided.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the vertebral body, the foot part and the seat part are made of wood. Thereby, an environmentally friendly seating device can be constructed. Wood has the further advantage that it itself can be a little elastic. As a result, the stress caused by the user's sitting can be distributed over the entire length of the leg, not just the body of the joint. In addition, wood has the advantage that it conducts the heat poorly, which guarantees a comfortable sitting, even at ambient temperatures far away from the body temperature of the user.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the restoring force is exerted by the joint body, which are made of a resilient material. The advantage of these features is that the structure of the inventive seat device can be kept very simple, without additional active element that should exert the restoring force.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, is located between two consecutive vertebral bodies and in addition to the joint body, a spacer body. By the thickness of the spacer body, the minimum distance between the successive vertebral bodies is determined, which can be achieved by the tensioning of a clamping element. Since the tensioning of the tensioning element results in the prestressing of the articulated bodies, the thickness of the spacer body consequently also defines the preloading amount of the articulated bodies and the rigidity of the seating device. With thick spacers, the amount of bias of the knuckles and the rigidity of the seat apparatus are small, while thin spacers result in high rigidity. The use of spacers has the further advantage that the stiffness of the seat device does not depend on the weight of the user, since further bias of the joint body is prevented by the spacers.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the contact surface between the spacers and the Wirbelköpern are curved, which simplify tilting movements of the vertebrae about an axis perpendicular to the leg.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the seat device between the spacers and the vertebral bodies additionally comprises sliding elements, which ensure a smooth and noiseless sliding of the vertebral bodies on the spacers. The sliding elements may also be advantageously used to finely adjust the distance between the vertebral bodies, and consequently the rigidity of the seating device.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the joint bodies are substantially toroidal. As a result, the spacers can advantageously be placed in the hole of the toroidal joint body. As a result, space is saved and the spacers can move only limited.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the toroidal joint body on a rhombusför-shaped cross-section, wherein the long axis of the rhombus is oriented substantially parallel to the axis of the leg. A rhombus-shaped cross-section has the advantage over a round cross section that is smaller for the same deformation of the joint body along the direction parallel to the axis of the leg, the deformation in the direction perpendicular thereto. As a result, the entire diameter of the leg can be selected smaller than in the case of a round cross section.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spacers and the Wirbelköper are substantially toroidal. As a result, when stacking the vertebral bodies, spacers and joint body, a channel is formed along the axis of the leg. As a result, the so-called tensioning element can be placed in this channel.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, forms a cable which passes through the holes of the vertebrae, spacers and joint body, the clamping element. This cable connects the foot part with the seat part. As a result, the joint bodies and vertebrae can advantageously only be stacked on one another without having to glue them together. In addition, the cable limits the maximum deflection of the seat part and thus prevents the user from falling down from the seat device due to excessive deflection of the seat part from its rest position. Thanks to the elasticity of a cable is, in this preferred embodiment of the invention, the restoring force, which counteracts the deflection of the seat device from its rest position, additionally exerted by the cable.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tension of the cable can be adjusted by means of a clamping bolt. Thereby, the elements of the seat apparatus can be mounted together quickly and easily, or in case of replacing the spacers, for example, to increase the rigidity, are quickly disassembled. In addition, the clamping bolt allows easy adjustment of the tension of the cable.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an anti-rotation, which prohibits a free rotation of the clamping bolt about the axis of the leg is provided. As a result, the assembly of a seat device according to the invention can be carried out very easily.
    The objects of the invention are also achieved by a method for adjusting the rigidity of an active-dynamic seating device according to the invention, by means of adjusting the maximum preload amount of one or more resilient joint bodies. When the resilient joint bodies are biased to a high preload amount by means of the tension member, the rigidity of the seat apparatus is considerably and consequently the unstable balance less pronounced. On the other hand, when the joint bodies are slightly biased, the stiffness is reduced and the balance becomes very unstable, which means more active sitting. The possibility of being able to adjust the rigidity of the seat device has the great advantage that it can be individually adapted to the user. Less experienced users can tire too quickly with very unstable seat devices.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the maximum bias amount of the joint body is determined by the thickness of the spacer and / or by the number of sliding elements between the spacers and the vertebral bodies. Thereby, it can be ensured that the preload amount and hence the rigidity of the seat apparatus does not depend on the body weight of the user.
    Further details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The description can also be found in the other advantages of the present invention, as well as suggestions and suggestions on how the subject of the invention could be modified or further developed within the scope of the claimed.
    Brief Description of the Drawings A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation. Features of the invention which will become apparent from the drawings are to be considered as part of the disclosure of the invention. In the drawings shows:
    1 shows a perspective schematic illustration of an active-dynamic seating device according to the invention.
    FIG. 2 shows a perspective schematic sectional view of an active-dynamic seating device according to the invention.
    3 shows a perspective schematic exploded sectional view of an active-dynamic seating device according to the invention.
    Fig. 4 shows a joint of the leg comprising two vertebral bodies and one joint body.
    Fig. 5a shows a perspective schematic view of a vertebral body.
    Fig. 5b shows a sectional view of a vertebral body.
    Fig. 6a shows a perspective schematic view of a joint body.
    Fig. 6b shows a sectional view of a joint body.
    Fig. 7a shows a perspective schematic view of a spacer.
    Fig. 7b shows a sectional view of a spacer.
    Fig. 8a shows a perspective schematic view of a sliding element.
    Fig. 8b shows a side view of a sliding element.
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION FIG. 1 shows a perspective schematic representation of a seat device 1 according to the invention. This preferred embodiment of the invention takes the form of a stool. However, the present invention could well be implemented in the form of a chair. The foot part 2 and the seat part 3, which are connected by means of the leg 4, are essentially circular plates with an upward or downward outgrowth. The seat part 3 has a seat cushion 11 in order to increase the sitting comfort of the user. The leg 4 comprises, in this preferred embodiment, a plurality of vertebral bodies 6, advantageously of wood, and articulated bodies 5 advantageously of elastomer. In order to facilitate the recognition of the different elements of the leg, the joint bodies were hatched in this figure.
    As shown in Fig. 2, which shows a perspective schematic sectional view of an active-dynamic seating device 1 according to the invention, shown in Fig. 5a and in Fig. 6a, the vertebral bodies 6 and joint body 5 are substantially toroidal and therefore have a hole in the middle up. Accordingly, when the vertebral bodies 6 and joint bodies 5 are stacked, forming an axial channel within the leg 4. In this preferred embodiment, the foot part 2 and the seat part 3 are connected to a cable 9 running through the axial channel of the leg 4. Advantageously, the cable 9 is made of steel, but of course another suitable material could also be used.
    3 shows a perspective schematic exploded sectional view of an active-dynamic seating device according to the invention. From this Fig. 3 it can be seen that the cable 9 is connected by means of a head pin 12 with the seat part and by means of a clamping bolt 10 with the foot part. The clamping bolt 10 is advantageously hidden in a cavity 13 of the foot part 2. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, a cover plate 14 is provided to cover the cavity 13. The anti-rotation device 15 ensures that the clamping bolt 10 can not rotate freely about the axis of the leg. Thereby, the assembly of the seat device and in particular the clamping of the cable by means of clamping bolt can be done very easily.
    In the preferred embodiment, the joint body 5 and vertebral body 6 are stacked only on each other and are held together only by means of the cable 9. Of course, the elements could also be glued together. The lack of gluing allows a modular and rapid construction / dismantling of the seat device. 1
    As can be seen in Fig. 3, 5 still sliding elements 8 and spacers 7 are provided between the vertebral bodies 6 and the joint bodies. The modular construction of the seat apparatus 1 facilitates easy adjustment of the height of the entire seat apparatus by adding or removing vertebral bodies 6 and spine bodies 5. Thereby, the height of the seat apparatus 1 can be easily adapted to the user's body size.
    After this pure structural description of the seat device 1, the function of the various components will now be explained. 4 shows a detailed illustration of a section of the leg 4 of the seat device 1. Between the vertebral bodies 6, a spacer 7 and two sliding elements 8 can be seen. The seat device 1 is thanks to the structure described above and in particular thanks to the resilient joint bodies 5 constantly in a labile equilibrium. When the seat apparatus 1 is loaded by the user, the vertebral bodies 6 are constantly moving relative to each other due to the unstable equilibrium. Due to the movements of the vertebral body, the joint body 5 deform, which leads to the formation of a restoring force. Of course, the restoring force counteracts the cause of the deformation and tries to make the vertebral bodies and consequently the seat device return to their rest position.
    By means of the cable 9, all elements of the seat device 1 are held together. The restraint of the cable 9 also causes the joint bodies 5 to be compressed and set in a prestressed state, whereby the tension of the cable, and consequently the preload amount of the joint bodies, can be adjusted by means of the tensioning bolt 10. The preload amount and the material properties of the joint bodies 5 determine the rigidity of the seat device 1. The cable 9 also assumes the function of limiting the maximum deflection of the seat part 3. This prevents the user from falling down from the seat device due to excessive deflection of the seat part 3 from its rest position. Thanks to the elasticity of the cable 9, in this preferred embodiment of the invention, the restoring force, which counteracts the deflection of the seat device 1 from its rest position, additionally exerted by the cable 9.
    In order to ensure that the rigidity of the seat device 1 does not depend on the weight of the user, but only on the setting of the seat device, spacers 7 are provided between the vertebral bodies 6. When assembling the preferred embodiment of the invention, the tension of the cable 9 is increased by means of clamping bolts 10 until the distance between two successive vertebral bodies 6 corresponds to the thickness of a spacer 7 and two sliding elements 8. During this process, the joint body 5 are compressed and biased. A further increase in the tension of the cable 9, due to the presence of the spacer 7 and the sliding elements 8, leads to no further reduction of the distance between the vertebral bodies and to no increase in the preload amount of the joint body 5. What in other words means that the thickness of Spacer 7 and the two sliding elements 8 determines the distance between two consecutive vertebral bodies 6 and consequently the preload tion amount of the joint body 5 and finally the rigidity of the seat device 1. With thicker spacers 7, the rigidity is low and with thinner spacers 7, the rigidity is high. Advantageously, the spacers 7 are made of a hard material, such as metal or hard plastic.
    In order to guarantee a smooth and noiseless sliding of the vertebral bodies 6 on the spacers 7, sliding elements 8, advantageously made of polyamide, are provided between the spacers 7 and the vertebral bodies 6. In the preferred embodiment, the sliding elements 8 are separate elements of the seating device. However, the sliding elements 8 could also be replaced by a suitable treatment of the surface of the spacers 7. In addition, oil can be used to further facilitate the sliding of the vertebrae 6 on the spacers 7. Own sliding elements 8 offer an additional possibility to adjust the distance between the vertebral bodies 6 and consequently the rigidity of the seat device, similar to the spacer bodies 7 but on a finer scale. As shown in Figs. 7b and 8b, the sliders 8 and spacers 7, in this embodiment of the invention, have a substantially rectangular profile with a slightly convex shape perpendicular to the direction of the axis of the leg. This advantageous shape of the sliding elements 8 and the spacers 7, further simplifies the relative movements of the Wirbelköper 6. The slightly concave surface 6 'of the Wirbelköpers 6 is provided to receive the spacers 7 and the sliding elements 8. The spacers 7 could also have a more pronounced convex profile and assume the shape of a torus.
    As can be seen in Fig. 6b, the joint body 5, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, a rhombus-shaped cross-section. Rhombus-shaped cross-sections have the advantage over round cross-sections that for an equal deformation in the direction parallel to the cable 9, the deformation in the direction perpendicular thereto is smaller. The diameter of the leg 4 can therefore be made smaller with rhombus-shaped cross-sections. However, it should be noted here that in the context of the present invention, round cross sections are, of course, also possible. In order to be able to receive the articulated bodies with rhombic cross-sections 5, the vertebral bodies have rhombic grooves 6 "The grooves 6" advantageously have a surface treatment which prevents the articulated bodies 5 from sliding in the grooves 6 " 5 and the cable 9. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the material of the articulated bodies 5 and of the cable 9 and their dimensions are selected such that a +/- 10 ° rotation of the seat part is possible. because of the torsional force of the joint body 5 and the cable 9, back to its rest position.
    Advantageously, the Wirbelköper 6, spacers 7 and sliding elements 8 holes whose diameter is substantially the same size as that of the cable. With this advantageous geometry, the cable stays constantly on the axis of the leg. Advantageously, the cable is surrounded by a protective tube 16, which prevents premature wear of the elements of the seat device. The tube 16 also ensures a smooth and noiseless sliding of the cable 9 in the axial channel of the leg 4.
    Finally, it should again be noted that the embodiment described here by way of example represents only one possibility for realizing the ideas according to the invention and should in no way be regarded as limiting. Those skilled in the art will understand that still other implementations of the invention and other elements are possible without neglecting the essential features of the invention. In particular, the number of vertebrae and joint bodies can be adjusted to adjust the height of the seat device to the size of the user. Other suitable materials may be used, in particular the material of the joint bodies may be selected to increase or decrease the rigidity of the seating device. The material of the vertebral bodies could of course be something other than wood, such as plastic. The rigidity of each joint body can be adjusted individually by means of spacers and sliding elements. For example, it may be advantageous for the joint bodies closer to the foot part to have a greater rigidity than that closer to the seat part. In addition, the tension element could be formed from a rope.
    LIST OF REFERENCES [0040] FIG. 1: Seating device 2: foot part 3: seat part 4: leg 5: joint body 6: vertebral body 6 ': concave surface of the vertebral body 6 "rhombic grooves of the vertebral body 7: spacer 8: sliding elements 9: cable 10: tensioning bolt 11: padding 12: head 13: cavity 14: cover 15: anti-twist 16: protective hose
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    An active-dynamic seat apparatus (1) comprising a foot part (2), a seat part (3) and a leg (4) which connects the foot part with the seat part, characterized in that the leg at least two hinge body (5) and a vertebral body (6), wherein a first joint body (5) connects the foot part (2) to the vertebral body (6), and wherein a second articulated body (5) connects the vertebral body (6) to the seat part (3); a resulting restoring force is exerted when the seat part (3) is deflected from a substantially parallel and coaxial with the foot part (2) rest position.
    [2]
    2. An active-dynamic seating device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of vertebral bodies (6), wherein further articulated bodies (5) form the connection between two successive Wirbelköper.
    [3]
    3. An active-dynamic seating device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vertebrae (6), the foot part (2) and the seat part (3) are made of wood.
    [4]
    4. An active-dynamic seat device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resulting restoring force is exerted by the joint body (5), wherein the joint body (5) are made of a resilient material.
    [5]
    5. An active-dynamic seat device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a spacer body (7) between two consecutive vertebrates (6), wherein the thickness of the spacer body (7) the minimum distance between two vertebral bodies ( 6) and thereby determines the maximum preload amount of the joint bodies (5) that can be achieved by means of a tensioning element.
    [6]
    6. An active-dynamic seat device (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the contact surface between the spacer body (7) and the Wirbelköpern (6) are curved.
    [7]
    7. An active-dynamic seat device (1) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the spacers (7) have sliding elements (8) on their surface substantially perpendicular to the axis of the leg.
    [8]
    8. An active-dynamic seat device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joint body (5) are substantially toroidal.
    [9]
    9. An active-dynamic seating device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joint body (5) have a rhombus-shaped cross-section, wherein the long axis of the rhomboidal cross section is substantially parallel to the axis of the leg (4).
    [10]
    10. An active-dynamic seat device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacers (7) and the vertebral bodies (6) are substantially toroidal.
    [11]
    11. An active-dynamic seat device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamping element is formed from a cable (9) which passes through the holes of the joint body (5), the vertebral body (6) and the spacer body (7) in that the cable (9) connects the foot part (2) to the seat part (3) and thus holds together the joint bodies (5), the vertebrae (6), the spacers (7) and the sliding elements (8) of the seat device (1).
    [12]
    12. An active-dynamic seat device (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the tension of the cable (9) by means of a clamping bolt (10) can be adjusted.
    [13]
    13. An active-dynamic seat device (1) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that an anti-rotation device (15) prohibits a free rotation of the clamping bolt (10).
    [14]
    14. A method for adjusting the rigidity of an active dynamic seating device according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the adjustment of the rigidity by adjusting the maximum preload amount of one or more resilient joint bodies (5) is performed.
    [15]
    15. A method for adjusting the rigidity of an active-dynamic seating device according to claim 14, characterized in that the maximum preloading amount of the articulated bodies (5) is determined by the thickness of the spacers (7) and / or by the number of sliding elements (8) between the spacers ( 7) and the vertebral bodies (6) is determined.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CH714262B1|2021-04-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    NL1017456C2|2001-02-27|2002-08-29|Robertus Hendrikus Veldhoven|Chair or stool comprises at least one support column which at its lower end is fitted on all sides to support foot and at its upper end is connected with seat|
    US20150130239A1|2012-06-11|2015-05-14|Aeris Gmbh|Active dynamic chair|
    法律状态:
    2020-06-15| PUE| Assignment|Owner name: GIAN-LUCA SABATO, CH Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SYSMOLAB SABATO GIAN-LUCA SABATO, CH |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH01286/17A|CH714262B1|2017-10-20|2017-10-20|Active-dynamic seating device.|CH01286/17A| CH714262B1|2017-10-20|2017-10-20|Active-dynamic seating device.|
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