• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for the computer-assisted, automated creation of mappings of material surfaces, in particular of building surfaces and tunnel walls, with the following steps: creation of image data of the material surface to be examined by means of at least one imaging, preferably optical-metrological, method; computer-aided creation of a line representation of the material surface to be examined using the image data generated by means of the at least one imaging, preferably optical metrological method; Creation of an inventory and / or status glossary based on criteria that can be sensed by the senses, in particular recording different material and / or surface parameters, using the image data; Creation of property data of the material surface to be examined by spatially resolved, metrological recording of at least one physical, geometrical or chemical parameter for each existing or condition phenomenon to be determined; computer-aided correlation of the property data with the image data; computerized mapping using the property data and the image data; Visualization of the mapping via a technical visualization device.
    公开号:CH713525B1
    申请号:CH00233/18
    申请日:2018-02-27
    公开日:2021-09-30
    发明作者:H C Michael Hauck M A Dr；-Ing Stefan Linsinger Dipl
    申请人:H C Michael Hauck M A Dr；Dipl Ing Stefan Linsinger；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for the computer-aided automated creation of mappings of material surfaces, in particular of building surfaces and tunnel walls.
    The creation of deformation-appropriate measurements of building surfaces, for example of surfaces of historical cultural buildings, was previously done essentially by manual measurement, the so-called hand measurement, and the dedicated observation of certain phenomena during this measurement.
    This purely manual method was essentially replaced a few decades ago by the technical measurement of building surfaces with the help of photogrammetry and later by 3D laser scanning or the modern structure-from-motion method (SFM). With these methods, which are common today, after the necessary raw data have been created using a 2D / 3D laser scan and / or high-resolution digital photographs, a line evaluation is often carried out, i.e. H. the production of a graphic representation based on the point clouds and / or image data recorded by laser scan and / or digital photography. After determining the criteria according to which the building surface is to be examined, an inspection of the building surface is carried out on the basis of the line drawings or image plans, the compilation of thematically different mapping glossaries and, on this basis, finally the mapping according to subjective, based on the previously purely sensual impressions (visual, haptic, acoustic) defined criteria.
    Further bases for this process are various leaflets and guidelines on the production of meaningful mappings, such as leaflet XII: "State and material register for natural stone structures" of the Scientific and Technical Working Group for Building Conservation and Monument Preservation (WTA) or the "Illustrated glossary on stone deterioration patterns "of the International Scientific Committee for Stone of ICOMOS. But even these fundamentals cannot replace the experience of the respective expert carrying out the mapping, so that the mapping result is always based on a subjective assessment of the respective expert. With this procedure, the traceability of the individual evaluations according to strictly scientific criteria is not guaranteed.
    From US 2015/0310135 A1 a system and a method for 4D visualization of building designs and construction modeling with the help of photographs are known. US 5 416 321 A discloses an apparatus for mapping and characterizing the chemical composition of surfaces. A device and a method for examining cracks in concrete structures are described in EP 1 813 934 A1. US Pat. No. 7,777,897 B1 relates to an optical method for detecting the roughness of veneer and plywood panels. Finally, US 2015/0022640 A1 discloses a method and a system for determining the volume of an object by means of a moving camera.
    The invention is therefore based on the object of creating improved technical methods for creating mapping glossaries and the mapping of material surfaces based thereon, in particular of building surfaces and tunnel walls, according to clearly comprehensible criteria.
    This object is achieved by the method presented in claim 1.
    With the aid of the method according to the invention, mapping glossaries, including the corresponding additional image information or surface parameters determined by measurement, are generated with the help of metrologically ascertained dataImage data from the material surface to be examined by means of at least one imaging, preferably metrological-optical method,computer-assisted a line representation of the material surface to be examined using the image data,an inventory and / or status glossary using the image data, as well asProperty data of the material surfaces to be examined are created by spatially resolved, metrological recording of at least one physical, chemical or geometric parameter suitable for characterization.
    [0009] In further process steps, acomputer-aided correlation of the property data with the image data,computer-aided mapping using the previously correlated property data and image data, anda visualization of the mapping via a technical visualization device.
    The starting point is thus the creation of the image data of the material surface to be examined, for example with the aid of preferably high-resolution, digital 2D photographs and / or with the aid of a preferably high-resolution 3D laser scan.
    In a second processing step, the surface phenomena (for example damage types and intensities) are cataloged using reference surfaces and are described according to the conventional method - preferably by an expert - initially according to optical, haptic or acoustic criteria.
    In the further process step, which is also referred to as “creation of the property data”, the - for example, to be sensually determinedCriteria, in turn, on the basis of the reference areas, depending on the circumstances, correlated with the results of known technical measurement methods that provide information about technical material characteristics. Examples of possible measurement methods for the additional description level that are created in this way are:the metrological detection of the roughness of the surface, preferably with the help of a perthometer, a coherence radar and / or a profilometer,the metrological detection of faults in the material structure, preferably with the help of an ultrasonic measuring method, in particular a reflection sound method and / or acoustic microscopy,the metrological recording of the behavior of the surface in relation to changes in humidity and / or temperature,the metrological recording of the behavior of the surface in relation to changes in humidity and / or temperature with the aid of, for example, infrared thermal image sensors and / or spectroscopy using light sources of different wavelengths,the metrological recording of the deformation behavior of the surface, for example by measuring the material expansion in connection with the microclimatic conditions on the surface,the metrological recording of various mineral stocks of natural stones by means of reflected light of different wavelengths,the acquisition of material-specific data through the use of FTIR spectroscopy, preferably fast-scanning FTIR spectroscopy, and / orthe acquisition of material-specific data by measuring the fluorescence of the material surface.
    It goes without saying that the measurement can also be carried out with other known methods, not listed above by way of example, which are suitable for determining the required property data of a surface in two or three dimensions and using spatial models, image plans or plan drawings correlate.
    In addition to the method for creating the property data described here by way of example, the invention also covers all other technical methods not mentioned here that are suitable chemical and / or physical and / or geometric parameters for differentiating and delimiting the different properties of different surface criteria by measurement to be recorded and clearly defined for an evaluation.
    In a further step, the property data generated by measurement are correlated with the results of the imaging method from the building measurement. The purely visual appearance of the material surface, recorded in the image data, can be associated with the technically created property data and thus visualized in a spatially resolved manner, for example in the form of color values such as color saturation, color temperature, color mixture, color brightness and / or gray values. In the case of 3D point clouds, characteristic differences in the surface structure can be evaluated by comparing disturbed and undisturbed areas through the fineness of the meshing.
    As can be seen from the flowchart according to FIG. 1, in which the method according to the invention is graphically illustrated in comparison to the method that is still common today, the necessary raw data is first produced in a method step A by means of a 2D or 3D laser scan and / or by means of high-resolution photography with or without subsequent line evaluation.
    In a method step B, inventory and / or status glossaries are created in a known manner according to visual, haptic and acoustic criteria in order to provide the working basis for mapping.
    In the conventional method, in a further process step CI, the creation of the mapping takes place after visual inspection and after subjective-sensory impressions on the basis of the previously established criteria.
    The technical method according to the invention differs from this conventional method in that, instead of method step CI, method step C2 is carried out in which property data of the material surface is created through technical measurements of physical parameters or chemical characteristics and this correlates with the criteria previously sensed will.
    In a further method step D, the acquired property data is correlated with the raw data produced on the basis of the 2D or 3D laser scan and / or the high-resolution photography.
    In a further method step E, a computer-aided evaluation of the technically determined data takes place, i. H. a computer-aided mapping and a visualization of the same via a technical visualization device.
    The method according to the invention will now be further clarified using a specific application described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. 2 shows a line evaluation of a 3D measurement image (3D laser scan with image data) of a natural stone architecture with sculptured elements. The outer frame R1 with a dotted background corresponds to the size of the section according to FIG. 3. Its edge length is 37 cm. The inner frame R2 with a dotted background corresponds to the size of the section according to FIG. 4. Its edge length is 20 cm; 3 shows the section according to frame R1 in FIG. 2 after evaluating the contours of the sculptural design on the one hand, and - in the lower half of the section - the contours of the re-weathering of the natural stone surface, here a so-called relief weathering; 4 shows the correlation of the meshing of the 3D measurement image according to frame R2 in FIG. 2 with the results from the analysis of surface topography and contours of the specific weathering phenomenon; FIG. 5 shows a line evaluation as in FIG. 2 with a representation of computer-assisted evaluated and mapped damage areas in the section corresponding to frame R2; FIG. and FIG. 6 an illustration of the three computer-assisted process steps A, D and E for the section corresponding to the frame R2.
    In method step A, a 3D measurement image of a natural stone architecture with relief representations was first created. Then, with the aid of a computer, based on the image data, the line evaluation of the detail area of this natural stone architecture shown in FIG. 2 was made and two sections were defined according to the frames R1 and R2.
    The provision of the inventory and status glossaries according to method step B was carried out by describing the apparently recognizable or sensually perceptible phenomena and assigning the signature and recording some characteristic data in a conventional manner, so that a detailed description is unnecessary.
    In the illustrated application of the method according to the invention, the measurement of the relief weathering of the natural stone surface in the section according to frame R1 for creating property data was carried out in method step C2. For this purpose, the measurable characteristics of this specific form of weathering - topography of the weathered surface and contours of the damaged areas - were determined by means of grazing light and, in individual cases, with a structured light method, documented photographically and analyzed by image evaluation. The result of this process step is shown graphically in FIG.
    In the case of application, in method step D, the meshing of the 3D measurement image was correlated with the results from the analysis of surface topography and contours of the specific weathering phenomenon for the section according to frame R2. In this step, the effect of the respective weathering phenomenon on the details of the 3D meshing is analyzed with the aid of a computer. The result of this analysis in turn serves as the basis for the computer-aided evaluation of the surface spread of the damaged areas in the form of a mapping of the weathering phenomena.
    The computer-aided mapping according to method step E then provides in the illustrated application case in the evaluation of all relevant parameters computer-generated contours or surface boundaries of the areas in question, including previously defined graphic signatures (z. B. hatching and the like.), As shown in the figures . FIG. 5 shows a line evaluation like FIG. 2 with a representation of the computer-assisted evaluated and mapped damage areas. In this example, the phenomenon of relief weathering (coarse hatching at an angle of 135 °) and two minor damage to old mortar supplements (fine hatching at an angle of 45 °) were identified and awarded. The dotted frame defines the detail section according to the frame R2.
    6 illustrates the three computer-aided process steps run through: A) 3D image measurement and evaluation; D) Definition, metrological analysis and correlation of the property data of the damage phenomena previously determined and defined according to sensory impressions with the corresponding characteristics of the specific disturbances in the spatial grid of the 3D meshing; E) Computer-aided three-dimensional evaluation and graphic marking of the boundaries of the damage zones in the form of a planar mapping.
    As can be seen from this specific application example, the result of the method according to the invention is a cartographic representation of the property data on the basis of objectively measurable and comprehensibly defined criteria.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    1. A method for the computer-aided, automated creation of mappings of material surfaces, in particular of building surfaces and tunnel walls, with the following steps:- Creation of image data of the material surface to be examined by means of at least one imaging, preferably metrological-optical, method;- Computer-aided creation of a line representation of the material surface to be examined using the image data generated by means of the at least one imaging, preferably optical metrological method;- Creation of an inventory and / or status glossary according to sensually perceptible criteria, in particular a recording of different material and / or surface parameters, using the image data;- Creation of property data of the material surface to be examined by spatially resolved, metrological recording of at least one physical or chemical parameter for each inventory or condition phenomenon to be determined;- Computer-aided correlation of the property data with the image data;- computer-aided mapping using the property data and the image data;- Visualization of the mapping via a technical visualization device.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one imaging method comprises at least one, preferably high-resolution, 3D laser scan.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one imaging method comprises at least one high-resolution recording series according to the structure-from-motion method.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the creation of the property data comprises the metrological detection of the roughness of the surface, preferably with the aid of a perthometer, a coherence radar and / or a profilometer.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the creation of the property data includes the metrological detection of disturbances in the material structure, preferably with the help of an ultrasonic measuring method, in particular a reflection sound method and / or acoustic microscopy.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the creation of the property data comprises the metrological recording of the behavior of the surface with respect to moisture and / or temperature changes.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the metrological detection of the behavior of the surface with respect to moisture and / or temperature changes takes place with the aid of infrared and thermal image sensors and / or spectroscopy using light sources of different wavelengths.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the creation of the property data includes the metrological detection of the deformation behavior of the surfaces.
    [9]
    9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the metrological detection of the deformation behavior on the surface is carried out by measuring the material expansion in connection with the microclimatic conditions on the surface.
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the creation of the property data comprises the acquisition of material-specific data through the use of FTIR spectroscopy, preferably fast-scanning FTIR spectroscopy.
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the creation of the property data comprises the acquisition of material-specific data by measuring the fluorescence of the material surfaces.
    [12]
    12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the mapping is visualized by spatially resolved representation of the property data in the form of color values such as color saturation, color temperature, color mixing, color brightness and / or gray values.
    [13]
    13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the mapping is visualized by spatially resolved representation of the property data in the form of the differences in the fine structure of the meshing of the 3D point cloud from the laser measurement.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT519730A3|2021-07-15|
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US5416321A|1993-04-08|1995-05-16|Coleman Research Corporation|Integrated apparatus for mapping and characterizing the chemical composition of surfaces|
    JP2006132973A|2004-11-02|2006-05-25|Fujimitsu Komuten:Kk|Crack inspection device and method of concrete structure|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102017104280.6A|DE102017104280B3|2017-03-01|2017-03-01|Method for the computer-aided automated generation of maps of material surfaces, in particular of building surfaces|
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