• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a pressure wave avalanche triggering device (11) for forced avalanche triggering by pressure waves of a gas, which device (11) is provided to shoot a gas, preferably air, in the form of a pressure wave onto a blanket of snow. The device (11) comprises at least one pressurized gas container (13) and a pressure wave generator (23) which is in gas connection with the pressurized gas container (13). At least one pressure wave generator (23) is provided and the at least one pressure wave generator (23) is arranged directly on the compressed gas container (13) or at least partially in the compressed gas container (13).
    公开号:CH713422B1
    申请号:CH00123/18
    申请日:2018-02-02
    公开日:2021-11-15
    发明作者:Hobi Lorenz；Nicca Leonhard；Niederer Remo
    申请人:Hobi Lorenz；Nicca Leonhard；Niederer Remo；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of invention
    The invention relates to a pressure wave avalanche triggering device for forced avalanche triggering according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for forced avalanche triggering according to the preamble of claim 14.
    State of the art
    DE 202 08 287 U1 discloses a pressurized gas firing device for firing projectiles. The firing device comprises a projectile barrel for receiving and accelerating the projectile body and a pressurized gas housing connected to the projectile barrel. The compressed gas housing is divided into a compressed gas chamber and a working chamber by a partition. A working piston is arranged in the compressed gas housing. The working piston has a piston rod at the front end of which a valve plate for the movable closure of the rear closure of the bullet barrel. The working piston is designed as a movable rear closure of the working chamber. The piston rod is guided through the partition. Before the projectile is fired, the compressed gas chamber is filled with a compressed gas at 5 to 10 bar. A connection between the compressed gas chamber and the working chamber can be established via a control valve. When the control valve is opened, the pressurized gas first flows into the working chamber. This means that the working piston is pressurized and the valve plate is lifted from the closure of the bullet barrel. As a result, pressurized gas can suddenly penetrate the barrel and the projectile body is fired.
    The firing device can be used universally and is suitable for the following areas of application: Removal of incrustations by bombarding cauldrons, silos and introducing substances in exposed, inaccessible places. If substances are to be introduced, the projectile body is filled with the corresponding substance. With the firing device, an explosive charge, with which the projectile body is filled, can be introduced into an avalanche slope in a targeted manner. An avalanche can be triggered preventively by igniting the explosive charge.
    However, the proposed detonation of avalanches is very costly with the present firing device, since special projectile bodies charged with explosives are required. The projectile bodies also have to be reloaded after each shot is fired. The blasting also left behind damage and dirt on the subsurface of the detonated avalanche.
    EP 2 287 559 discloses a device for triggering avalanches. The device comprises gas bottles positioned in a helicopter, which are connected by one or two hoses to a pulse generator. Control units, in particular valves, are provided in the hoses. The inert gas supplied in the hoses can generate energy pulses by suddenly releasing the inert gas. The air pressure change, which is generated locally and briefly, often as often as required, spreads in or on masses of snow and leads to the targeted triggering of an avalanche. The supply of the inert gas in the hoses means that a selectable number of local air pressure differences, i.e. a pulse frequency, can be generated. With the gas supplied in the first hose, the working pressure is established in the pulse generator and a pre-pressure is set with the gas supplied in the second hose. The form can be used to change both the frequency and the energy content of the pulses. The pulse generator can be rappelled out of the helicopter using the hoses or an additional tether and positioned in or above the mass of snow to deliver the energy pulses.
    The device has the advantage that no explosive gases are required for the avalanche detonation and the frequency and the energy content of the pulses are adjustable and remotely controllable. However, the device has a complicated structure. In particular the pulse generator with several pressure chambers and the hoses up to 100 m long are prone to errors. Another disadvantage of this device is that with such small impulses there is only a low intensity which acts on the snow cover to be detached. Only the sum of the small impulses leads to an avalanche release. In many cases, however, the many small impulses also remain ineffective.
    Object of the invention
    The disadvantages of the prior art described result in the task initiating the present invention to further develop a generic device for triggering avalanches, which is more simple, more effective and is easier to use compared to prior art devices.
    description
    The solution to the problem is achieved with a pressure wave avalanche triggering device for forced avalanche triggering in that at least one pressure wave generator is provided and that the at least one pressure wave generator is arranged directly on the compressed gas container or at least partially in the compressed gas container. Because the at least one pressure wave generator is arranged directly on the pressurized gas container, the device is extremely compact. In contrast to the prior art, no connecting hoses are necessary to connect the gas bottles stored in a helicopter or in a cable car gondola with the pressure wave generator in a suitable position. The laborious rolling in and rolling out of the connecting hoses is also no longer necessary. Due to the compactness of the device, it can be brought as a unit into a suitable position for a snow cover or snow accumulation to be detached, without further components of the device having to remain at a different location. If the pressure wave generator is partially arranged in the pressurized gas container, the device is designed to be even more compact than if the at least one pressure wave generator is arranged outside the pressurized gas container.
    The pressure wave avalanche triggering device also has neither a projectile receptacle nor a projectile body which is launched. Instead of a projectile, a gas, preferably air, is fired in the form of a pressure wave onto a blanket of snow. The compressed air is unrestrictedly available and can be regenerated by the compressor at any time. No projectiles have to be reloaded. In addition, the compressed air is free compared to projectiles. If the projectile body is also provided with an explosive charge, which is ignited when the projectile body has penetrated the snow cover, the costs of a projectile body increase additionally.
    In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, two pressure wave generators are arranged on the pressurized gas container. This design enables the largest possible area of a snow cover to be bombarded with compressed gas. In order to force another area to detach, the compressed gas container can be recharged at any time with a compressor. It is also conceivable to arrange more than two pressure wave generators on the pressurized gas container, if the application makes this necessary.
    A suspension is advantageously arranged on the device, with which the device can be suspended from an aircraft or a cable car. Because the entire device can be suspended from a helicopter or a cable car, the device can be positioned precisely at an optimal point in relation to a blanket of snow in order to detach it. Due to the compact design of the device, it does not overtax the load-bearing capacity of the helicopter. Because the device can be suspended without further parts of the device remaining in the helicopter, the positioning of the device and a change in position can be implemented very quickly. The device can be detached from any rope of an existing cable car and can also be transported on this rope to the desired position for the avalanche detonation. It would also be conceivable to suspend the device from a cable car gondola.
    The invention is preferably characterized in that the device comprises a support on which the compressed gas container, a compressor for filling the compressed gas container with compressed gas and a motor for driving the compressor is arranged. Since the motor and the compressor are also located on the support, the device is energy self-sufficient and the compressed gas container can be refilled again and again even when it is suspended, as long as fuel is available for the motor. Further energy flows, for example compressed air or fuel via hoses, are therefore not necessary. The pressurized gas container can be charged in less than a minute and can therefore be quickly used again for further emptying. It is preferred if the pressurized gas container is charged with ambient air in order to enable charging as quickly and easily as possible. Motor-compressor units are state-of-the-art in a very compact design and can therefore be integrated into the device structure without any problems. By arranging all components on the support, the connections between the individual components can be kept short or even omitted entirely.
    In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressurized gas container is designed for a pressure load of up to 15 bar. In the prior art, the pressure in the gas bottles is up to 100 bar. The wall thickness must be correspondingly thick, which leads to a significantly high weight of such gas cylinders. Such gas cylinders are therefore unsuitable for being integrated into a device suspended from a helicopter. At 15 bar filling pressure, the wall thickness can be significantly thinner, which means that the weight of the pressurized gas container is relatively low. Due to the low weight, it is even conceivable in special applications that the device comprises two pressurized gas containers without exceeding the payload of a helicopter.
    It has proven to be useful if the pressurized gas container has a filling volume between 50 and 500 liters and preferably between 100 and 150 liters at the pressure load claimed. Such a claimed filling volume enables most snow accumulations to be forced to detach with a single emptying of the pressurized gas container. If a single shot should not be sufficient, the compressed gas container can be recharged or refilled at any time as described above in a short time.
    The filling volume can expediently be emptied explosively and completely from the pressurized gas container. An avalanche can therefore be triggered by a single effective pulse and not by a series of many successive pressure pulses. The device therefore does not require any additional precautions or components which cause a series of pressure surges.
    The invention is also preferably characterized in that the device is free of a flow throttle. Such a throttle, as it is present in the prior art, would lead to an undesirable effect in the device, because the aim is to be able to provide a single pressure surge that is as strong as possible.
    In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressure wave generator has a connector for connecting different gas nozzles. This means that the appropriate nozzle can be quickly exchanged for another nozzle for different snow accumulations. The connection piece is expediently formed on the open second end of the blow-out pipe.
    It proves to be particularly advantageous if the device comprises a plurality of plug-on gas nozzles which have different cross-sections and shapes and allow the gas emerging from the gas nozzle to exit in a certain direction. The different gas nozzles are interchangeable on the device. For example, a lance nozzle can be attached to the pressure wave generator, which protrudes into the snow cover when the device is triggered. As a result, solidified snow, as it typically occurs in a snow plow, can be blasted off from the inside and forced to detach. Other examples of gas nozzles are a fan nozzle to distribute the pressure surge as widely as possible. Such a nozzle is very effective, especially with loose fresh snow. A cone nozzle, in which the gas jet emerges essentially horizontally, is particularly suitable for wet snow, since the heavy snow cover can be lifted.
    A piston valve is expediently integrated into the pressure wave generator, which enables an explosive outflow of the gas stored in the pressurized gas container. The piston valve enables the gas, in particular the compressed air, to suddenly leave the compressed gas container. A small stroke of the piston valve already enables the compressed air to leave the compressed gas container in a very short time. This explosive outflow enables the strongest possible pressure surge, which acts on the snow cover to be detached.
    In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressure wave generator comprises a blow-out tube with a first and a second end, which blow-out tube can protrude with its first end into the compressed gas container. If the exhaust pipe protrudes into the pressurized gas container, the device is particularly compact. By providing a blow-out pipe, the pressure wave generator is very error-free and has a simple structure.
    In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the exhaust pipe tapers or widens from its first to its second end. The conical shape of the exhaust pipe enables the pressure wave to be adapted to certain snow conditions. In this way, a concentrated pressure surge with small expansion or a pressure surge which pressurizes a large area of snow can be produced.
    The first end of the piston valve can expediently be opened and closed. This enables the pressurized gas container to be emptied suddenly, which leads to the greatest possible pressure surge.
    Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for forced avalanche triggering with the device described above. According to the method, the pressurized gas container is completely emptied explosively and the pressure waves generated in the device strike a blanket of snow, thereby triggering an avalanche. This enables an avalanche to be triggered with a single pressure surge. A single pressure surge is much easier to provide than a series of successively triggered pulses of lower intensity or a projectile which is shot into the snowpack.
    It is preferred if the pressure wave or the pressure surge is emitted from the device from a distance between 2 and 7 m and preferably between 3 and 6 m from the snow cover from which an avalanche is triggered. This distance range between the device and the snowpack has proven to be very efficient, although other distances can also be selected as a function of the snowpack structure and the different types of snow. Because the device can be suspended from a helicopter, it is easily possible to choose different distances between the device and the snow cover.
    It is preferred if the gas flows through the pressure wave generator essentially without a throttle when the pressurized gas container is emptied. The gas can exit the pressure wave generator with as little resistance as possible and accordingly with high pressure.
    It proves to be advantageous if a gas nozzle adapted to the snow cover structure is attached to the pressure wave generator, a distance sensor arranged on the device measures the distance between the device and a snow cover to be detached with a pressure wave and after reaching the appropriate distance or penetration the snow cover of the pressurized gas container is opened with a remote control, whereby a generated pressure wave hits a snow cover and triggers an avalanche. The triggering of an avalanche is therefore adapted to the structure of the snowpack. Although the avalanche release procedure is extremely flexible, it can be implemented easily and efficiently.
    Further advantages and features emerge from the following description of three exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the schematic representations. These show, in a representation not true to scale: FIG. 1: a first embodiment of the device with an internal pressure wave generator; FIG. 2: a second embodiment of the device with two external pressure wave generators; FIG. 3: the second embodiment with a different gas nozzle and FIG. 4 a third embodiment of the device with two compressed gas containers connected in parallel.
    In Figures 1 and 2 and 3, a first and second embodiment of a device for forced avalanche triggering are shown, which device is designated as a whole with the reference numeral 11. The device 11 comprises a pressurized gas container 13 which is fastened to a support in the form of a base plate 15. The compressed gas container 13 is preferably charged with a compressor 17 which is connected to a motor 21 via a shaft 19 or a V-belt. In order to be energy self-sufficient, for example when hanging from a helicopter, the motor 21 is preferably fuel-operated.
    The compressed gas container 13 is filled or charged with the compressor 17, preferably with outside air via a filling line 22, whereby it is actually a compressed air container 13. The compressed gas container 13 is connected directly to a pressure wave generator 23 without these devices being spaced from one another. A connection of the compressed gas container 13 to the pressure wave generator 23 by means of hoses or pipelines is therefore not necessary, as is essential in the prior art. As a result, the device 11 can be constructed on the support 15 in a compact and energy self-sufficient manner. It is therefore also possible to suspend the entire device 11 from a suspension 23, for example from a helicopter or a cable car gondola, in order to position the device precisely relative to a blanket of snow that is to be removed.
    In FIGS. 1 and 4 it is shown that the pressure wave generator 23 is partially arranged in the pressurized gas container 11. This embodiment is particularly compact and space-saving as a result. The pressurized gas container 13 comprises a blow-out pipe 27 with a first and a second end 29, 31. A piston valve 33 is integrated in the pressure wave generator and comprises a piston 37 pretensioned by a spring 35. The piston 37 closes the first end 29 when the compressed gas container 13 is filled via the filling line 22. The compressed air flows via the spring chamber 39 through bores in the piston 37 into the compressed gas container 13. Since the pressure in the spring chamber 39 and in the compressed gas container is the same, the piston valve 33 remains closed because of the spring pressure. The compressed gas container preferably has a volume of 150 liters and is filled with approx. 15 bar. The piston valve 33 is opened in that the spring chamber 39 is vented. As a result, the piston 37 is suddenly pushed away from the first end 29 and the exhaust pipe 27 is opened. The filling volume leaves the pressurized gas container 13 explosively and completely. Surprisingly, in most cases a pressure surge fired from the device 11 is sufficient to forcibly trigger an avalanche. In contrast to this, a device of the prior art works with a large number of small gas pressure pulses at up to 100 bar and requires a flow restrictor in order to be able to build up the gas pressure pulses. The device is energy self-sufficient and the compressed gas container 13 can be filled as often or pressure surges can be fired as often as long as the engine 21 can be supplied with fuel. An additional gas supply from a helicopter or from a cable car with hoses is therefore superfluous.
    In order to be able to adapt the device 11 to different snow conditions of a snow cover to be detached, the pressure wave generator 23 has at the second end 31 a connecting piece 41 onto which different nozzles can be attached.
    If a powder snow cover is to be removed, the avalanche can be triggered by a pressure surge even without an additional nozzle attached. A fan nozzle 43 is also extremely efficient for powder snow. The fan nozzle distributes the pressure surge over a large area, whereby a large area of loose powder snow can be detached with one pressure surge. It has proven to be particularly effective for snow removal when the device emits the blast of air from a distance of 2 to 7 m from the snow cover.
    For hard, compressed snow cover, such as snow peaks, it is suitable to attach a lance nozzle 45. The device 11 is then held above the snow cover in such a way that the lance nozzle 45 protrudes into the snow cover. This allows the hardened snow to be blown off directly. In wet snow it is advantageous to use a cone nozzle 47. The conical nozzle enables the pressure surge to exit horizontally. Like the lance nozzle 45, the conical nozzle 47 is positioned in the snow cover 47. Due to the horizontally oriented pressure surge, the snow cover can be lifted off and lifted off over a large area.
    As FIGS. 2 to 4 show, it is preferred if two pressure wave generators 23a, 23b are provided on the device. This increases the pressure surge. FIG. 3 shows that two pressure wave generators 23a, 23b are connected to a single pressurized gas container 13. As a result, the device 11 is lightweight and very compact. A low weight is of particular importance if the device 11 is held on a helicopter and is used at heights of up to 3000 m above sea level. In such extreme conditions, the load-bearing capacity of a helicopter is significantly reduced. In this embodiment, the pressurized gas container 13 preferably has a filling volume of 150 l. The weight of the device 11 is preferably between 200 and 500 kg and particularly preferably between 250 and 350 kg. With this weight range, the device safely falls below the maximum permissible payload of a helicopter or a cable car. Due to its low weight, the device 11 can therefore be used with almost all helicopters (aircraft) and cable cars.
    In Figure 4, an embodiment is shown in which two compressed gas containers 13 are connected in parallel. Although this embodiment has a greater weight than the embodiments described above, it is characterized by particularly powerful pressure surges. This embodiment can provide two pressure explosions at the same time. As a result, a larger area of a snow cover can be detached with a single trigger than in the embodiment with a pressurized gas container.
    The device is equipped with a distance sensor which informs the operating personnel about the distance between the device and the snow cover. Once the appropriate distance has been reached or the corresponding nozzles are sunk into the snow cover, the piston valve 33 can be opened via a remote control and the pressure surge can be fired. The remote control can take place, for example, by means of a radio signal which a solenoid valve 49 addresses.
    Legend:
    11 device for forced avalanche release 13 compressed gas tank, compressed air tank 15 support, base plate 17 compressor 19 shaft 21 motor 22 filling line 23a, 23b pressure wave generator 25 suspension 27 exhaust pipe 29 first end of the exhaust pipe 31 second end of the exhaust pipe 33 piston valve 35 spring 37 piston 39 spring chamber 41 Connection piece, connection piece 43 Fan nozzle 45 Lance nozzle 47 Cone nozzle 49 Solenoid valve
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    1. Pressure wave avalanche release device (11) for forced avalanche release by pressure waves of a gas, which device (11) is provided for shooting a gas, preferably air, in the form of a pressure wave onto a snow cover, comprising- At least one pressurized gas container (13) and- A pressure wave generator (23) in gas connection with the pressurized gas container (13), characterized in thatthat at least one named pressure wave generator (23) is provided andthat the at least one pressure wave generator (23) is arranged directly on the compressed gas container (13) or at least partially in the compressed gas container (13).
    [2]
    2. Pressure wave avalanche triggering device according to claim 1, characterized in that a suspension (25) is arranged on the device (11), with which the device (11) can be suspended from an aircraft or a cable car.
    [3]
    3. Pressure wave avalanche triggering device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (11) comprises a support (15) on which the compressed gas container (13), a compressor (17) for filling the compressed gas container (13) with Compressed gas and a motor (21) for driving the compressor (17) is arranged.
    [4]
    4. Pressure wave avalanche triggering device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressurized gas container (13) is designed for a pressure load of up to 15 bar.
    [5]
    5. Pressure wave avalanche triggering device according to claim 4, characterized in that the pressurized gas container (13) has a filling volume between 50 and 500 liters and preferably between 100 and 150 liters at the stressed pressure load.
    [6]
    6. Pressure wave avalanche triggering device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling volume can be emptied explosively and completely from the pressurized gas container (13) via the pressure wave generator.
    [7]
    7. Pressure wave avalanche triggering device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (11) provides a single powerful pressure surge.
    [8]
    8. Pressure wave avalanche triggering device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure wave generator (23) has a connecting piece (41) for connecting different gas nozzles.
    [9]
    9. Pressure wave avalanche triggering device according to claim 8, characterized in that the device (11) comprises a plurality of plug-on gas nozzles (43,45,47) which have different cross-sections and shapes and enable the gas nozzle ( 43,45,47) escaping gas escapes in a certain direction.
    [10]
    10. Pressure wave avalanche triggering device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a piston valve (33) is integrated into the pressure wave generator (23), which enables an explosive outflow of the gas stored in the compressed gas container (13).
    [11]
    11. Pressure wave avalanche triggering device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure wave generator (23) comprises an exhaust pipe (27) with a first and a second end (29,31), which exhaust pipe (27) with its first end in particular protrudes into the pressurized gas container (13).
    [12]
    12. Pressure wave avalanche triggering device according to claim 11, characterized in that the exhaust pipe (27) tapers or widens from its first to its second end (29, 31).
    [13]
    13. A method for forced avalanche triggering with a pressure wave avalanche triggering device (11) according to one of claims 6 to 12,characterized,that the pressurized gas container (13) is completely emptied explosively and the pressure wave generated in the device hits a blanket of snow and thereby triggers an avalanche.
    [14]
    14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the pressure wave or the pressure surge is emitted from the device (11) from a distance between 2 and 7 m and preferably between 3 and 6 m from the snow cover from which an avalanche is triggered will.
    [15]
    15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that a gas nozzle (43, 45, 47) adapted to the structure of the snow cover is attached to the pressure wave generator (23), and a distance sensor arranged on the device (11) measures the distance between the device (11) ) and a snow cover to be detached with a pressure wave and after reaching the appropriate distance or penetration into the snow cover, the pressurized gas container (13) is opened with a remote control, whereby a generated pressure wave hits a snow cover and triggers an avalanche.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CH713422A2|2018-08-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH1232017|2017-02-03|
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