• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for monitoring at least one relay (3) by means of at least one camera (4) and an evaluation unit (5), wherein the evaluation unit (5) from the images of the camera (4) detected movement of the relay (3) and it determines a switching time, wherein an aging state of the at least one relay (3) is determined by comparing the switching time with at least one reference value, and an associated device (1).
    公开号:CH713324B1
    申请号:CH00143/18
    申请日:2018-02-07
    公开日:2018-06-29
    发明作者:Karsten Kozempel Dr；Böhm Thomas；Schulz Sebastian；Rer Nat Andreas Luber Dr；Andreas Leich Dr
    申请人:Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description [0001] The invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring at least one relay.
    Despite electronic switching elements, there are still a variety of applications where relays are used as switching elements, for example due to galvanic isolation. However, switched-mode relays in the form of relay interlockings (also known as push-button interlockings) are also used in the control and safety technology in railway operations. A disadvantage of relays over electrical switching elements is that they are subject to wear. The prediction of when a relay will fail due to wear is relatively difficult. For example, as a precautionary measure, a relay can be changed after a certain number of switching cycles or operating hours. However, this often means that still intact relays are exchanged, which is not economical. On the other hand, if the limit values are set too high, the relay will fail.
    The invention is based on the technical problem of providing a method for monitoring at least one relay, by means of which the aging state of a relay can be determined. Another technical problem is the creation of a device suitable for this purpose.
    The solution to the technical problem is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and an apparatus having the features of claim 7. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
    The method for monitoring at least one relay by means of at least one camera and an evaluation unit, wherein the evaluation of the camera images a movement of the relay is detected and from a switching time is determined, wherein by comparing the switching time with at least one reference value an aging state of the at least one relay is determined. This is based on the finding that often a failure of a relay initially precedes an extension of the switching times by wear. By evaluating the switching times so the aging state can be determined. In this case, the camera must have a frequency in order to capture the switching process in a timely manner. Preferably, therefore, the camera should have a frequency of at least 120 fps (frames per second). The camera can be designed in the simplest case as a monochromatic camera. During the movement of the relay, the movement of the normally open contact is preferably detected and evaluated.
    In one embodiment, a warning signal is generated as a function of the determined aging state. This warning signal can be transmitted, for example, to a central office and / or a local warning means such as an LED can be activated, which signals the necessary exchange.
    In a further embodiment, additionally occurring arcs are detected and evaluated at the at least one relay. In this case, both the time length and the geometric length of the arc can be evaluated. It can further be provided that the arcs are spectrally evaluated in order thus to draw conclusions about the state of aging. In this case, it can further be provided that the evaluation unit evaluates the shape of the working contacts, for example because burns occur on the contacts due to the arcs. In this way, the determination of the state of aging can be further improved.
    In another embodiment, a plurality of relays are combined in a relay module whose switching operations are at least partially dependent on each other, are detected by means of the evaluation switching sequences and switching sequence times and compared with the at least one reference value. With such relay assemblies, the extended switching times of the individual relays add up, so that it is much easier to detect a significant deviation. In this case, such a relay module may be designed, for example, such that the current flowing after closing the normally-open contact of a relay supplies the control current for at least one other relay of the module. This means that the relays close sequentially in a specific order (sequence).
    Often it is in practice so that the relay modules have other external circuits that are involved in the generation of the switching commands. Therefore, in addition to the switching sequence times, the switching times of the individual relays are preferably also additionally detected in order to better estimate whether the extension of the switching sequence times is primarily due to aging of the relay module or the external circuitry. Furthermore, this also allows, if necessary, to replace only individual relays.
    In a further embodiment, an evaluation region (region of interest) is defined for a part of the at least one relay, the evaluation of the camera images being limited to movement to the evaluation region (region of interest). This simplifies the evaluation in that, on the one hand, due to the switching operations, vibrations may occur which can be transmitted to adjacent areas, and on the other hand, recording errors in non-interesting areas which otherwise simulate movements are ignored. The evaluation region (region of interest) is preferably placed relatively close around the normally open contact of the relay.
    With regard to the design of the device is fully incorporated by reference to the preceding embodiments.
    A preferred field of application of the invention is the use in a relay interlocking.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a preferred embodiment. The single FIGURE shows a schematic block diagram of a device for monitoring at least one relay. In Fig. 1, a device 1 for monitoring a relay module 2 with eight relays 3 is shown. The device 1 comprises a camera 4, an evaluation unit 5, a warning lamp 6 assigned to the relay module 2 and an air interface 7. The relays 3 each have a normally open contact 8. On the representation of a possible interconnection of the relay 3 with each other has been omitted for clarity. The relay module 2 is further associated with an external circuit 9, are transmitted via the partial control signals of the relay module 2. The camera 4 is now designed such that it detects the relay module 2 optically. The camera 4 has, for example, a clock frequency of 100-1000 fps, wherein from the difference of the images, a movement of the working contacts 8 is detected by the evaluation unit 5. Thus, the evaluation unit 5 can determine the beginning and the end of a switching operation and thus the switching time of a relay 3. In this case, evaluation regions (régions of interest) 10 are placed around the working contacts 8, the motion evaluation being limited to these evaluation regions (régions of interest) 10. Furthermore, the camera 4 also detects arcs at the working contacts 8, which are then also evaluated by the evaluation unit 5. The camera 4 or the evaluation unit 5 now also detects the orders in which individual relays 3 of the relay module 2 are switched. The switching sequence time can then be determined for such a switching sequence and compared with a reference value. If the determined switching sequence time differs, for example, by a defined value from the reference value, this is evaluated as a critical aging state and the warning lamp 6 is switched on and a central office informed via the air interface 7 or another data connection. In order to limit the error, the individual switching times of the relays 3 can additionally be detected and compared with reference values so as to detect whether the extension of the switching sequence time can be attributed to the relays 3 or the external interconnection 9. In this case, switching sequences are preferably evaluated in which the normally open contacts 8 are closed, since aging becomes more noticeable during the switch-on processes than during the switch-off processes. The device 1 has the great advantage that is not interfered with in the interconnection of the relay module 2, so that a simple retrofitting is given, for example, no additional permits are necessary. claims
    1. A method for monitoring at least one relay (3) by means of at least one camera (4) and an evaluation unit (5), wherein the evaluation unit (5) from the images of the camera (4) detects a movement of the relay (3) and from a Determines switching time, wherein an aging state of the at least one relay (3) is determined by comparing the switching time with at least one reference value.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a warning signal is generated in dependence on the determined aging state.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that additionally occurring arcs are detected and evaluated at the at least one relay (3).
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of relays (3) are combined in a relay module (2) whose switching operations are at least partially dependent on each other, wherein by means of the evaluation unit (5) detects switching sequences and switching sequence times and with the at least one reference value are compared.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that in addition to the switching sequence time, the switching times of the individual participating in the switching sequence relay (3) are detected and compared with at least one reference value.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for a part of the at least one relay (3) an evaluation area (10) is defined, wherein the evaluation of the camera images is limited to movements in the evaluation area (10).
    [7]
    7. Device (1) for monitoring at least one relay (3), comprising at least one camera (4) and an evaluation unit (5), wherein the evaluation unit (5) is adapted from the images of the camera (4) movement of the To detect relay and to determine a switching time, wherein an aging state of the at least one relay (3) can be determined by comparing the switching time with at least one reference value.
    [8]
    8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the evaluation unit (8) is designed such that it generates a warning signal as a function of the determined aging state.
    [9]
    9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the evaluation unit (5) is designed such that arcs on the at least one relay (3) to detect and evaluate.
    [10]
    10. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the evaluation unit (5) is designed to detect switching sequences and switching sequence times of a relay module (2) and to compare with the at least one reference value.
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    引用文献:
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    DE19923362C5|1999-05-21|2010-06-24|Abb Ag|Method for evaluating the contact state of a circuit breaker|
    DE102005045095A1|2005-09-21|2007-04-05|Siemens Ag|A method for determining the burnup of contacts of an electromagnetic switching device and electromagnetic switching device with a device operating according to this method|
    AT533063T|2009-04-22|2011-11-15|Omicron Electronics Gmbh|DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CHECKING A SWITCHING PROCESS OF AN ELECTRICAL SWITCH|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102017202882.3A|DE102017202882A1|2017-02-22|2017-02-22|Method and device for monitoring at least one relay|
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