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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a clockwork resonator mechanism (100), comprising a central mobile unit, fixed in rotation about an axis (D) of an input mobile subjected to a driving torque, arranged to rotate continuously, and comprising, a plurality of N inertial elements (2), each movable in a degree of freedom with respect to the central mobile and biased towards the axis (D) by elastic return means (4). The mechanism (100) has a rotation symmetry of order N and comprises means for kinematic connection between all the inertial elements (2) arranged to maintain, at all times, all the centers of mass of the inertial elements (2) at the same distance from the axis (D).
    公开号:CH713069A2
    申请号:CH01420/16
    申请日:2016-10-25
    公开日:2018-04-30
    发明作者:Winkler Pascal；Helfer Jean-Luc；Di Domenico Gianni
    申请人:Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a resonator mechanism for a clockwork movement, comprising an input mobile mounted to pivot about an axis of rotation and subjected to a motor torque, and comprising a central mobile, integral in rotation with said input mobile about said axis of rotation and arranged to rotate continuously, said resonator mechanism comprising a plurality of N inertial elements, each mobile according to at least one degree of freedom relative to said central mobile, and returned to said axis of rotation by elastic return means, which are arranged to cause a return force on the center of mass of said inertial element, said resonator mechanism having rotation symmetry of order N.
    The invention also relates to a timepiece movement comprising at least one such resonator mechanism.
    The invention also relates to a timepiece, in particular a watch, comprising such a timepiece movement.
    The invention relates to the field of clock resonator mechanisms, constituting time bases.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Most current mechanical watches are provided with a balance-spring and a Swiss anchor escapement mechanism. The balance-spring constitutes the time base of the watch. It is also called a resonator. The exhaust, for its part, fulfills two main functions:
    - maintain the comings and goings of the resonator;
    - count these back and forth.
    In addition to these two main functions, the exhaust must be robust, withstand impacts, and avoid jamming the movement (overturning).
    The Swiss anchor escapement mechanism has a low energy efficiency (around 30%). This low efficiency comes from the fact that the movements of the exhaust are jerky, that there are falls or lost paths to accommodate machining errors, and also from the fact that several components transmit their movement via inclined planes that rub against each other.
    [0008] To constitute a mechanical resonator, an inertial element, a guide and an elastic return element are required. Traditionally, a spiral spring acts as an elastic return element for the inertial element that constitutes a pendulum. This pendulum is guided in rotation by pivots which rotate in smooth ruby bearings. This gives rise to friction, and therefore to energy losses and walking disturbances, which depend on the positions, and which one seeks to suppress. The losses are characterized by the quality factor Q. We seek to maximize this factor Q.
    EP 2 847 547 in the name of Montres BREGUET describes a mechanism for regulating the pivoting speed, around a first pivoting axis, of a mobile, in particular a striking mechanism, comprising a counterweight pivoting around a second pivot axis parallel to the first. The regulator includes means for returning the counterweight to the first axis. When the mobile pivots at a speed lower than a set speed, the counterweight remains confined in a first volume of revolution around the first axis. When this mobile pivots at a speed greater than the set speed, the counterweight engages in a second volume of revolution around the first axis, contiguous and external to the first volume of revolution, and a peripheral portion of the counterweight cooperates in this second volume of revolution with regulation means arranged to cause the mobile to brake and reduce its pivoting speed to the set speed, and to dissipate excess energy. In particular, the mobile is subjected to a braking torque by eddy currents.
    EP 14,184,155 in the name of ETA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse describes a clockwork regulating mechanism comprising, mounted movable, at least in pivoting relative to a plate, an escape wheel arranged to receive a motor torque via a gear train, and a first oscillator comprising a first rigid structure connected to the plate by first elastic return means. This regulating mechanism comprises a second oscillator comprising a second rigid structure connected to the first rigid structure by second elastic return means, and which comprises guide means arranged to cooperate with complementary guide means which the escape wheel comprises, synchronizing the first oscillator and the second oscillator with the train.
    EP 15 153 657 in the name of ETA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse describes a horological oscillator comprising a structure and distinct primary resonators, temporally and geometrically phase-shifted, each comprising a mass biased towards the structure by an elastic return means. This watch oscillator comprises coupling means for the interaction of the primary resonators, comprising motor means for driving a mobile in motion which comprises drive and guide means arranged to drive and guide an articulated control means with means of transmission each articulated, remote from the control means, with a mass of a primary resonator, and the primary resonators and the mobile are arranged in such a way that the
    CH 713 069 A2 axes of articulation of any two of the primary resonators and the axis of articulation of the control means are never coplanar.
    International application PCT / EP 2015/065 434 in the name of The Swatch Group Research & Development Ltd describes a timepiece assembly comprising a combined resonator with improved isochronism, with at least two degrees of freedom, which comprises a first linear oscillator or rotary at reduced amplitude in a first direction, with respect to which a second linear oscillator oscillates or rotary at reduced amplitude in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction, this second oscillator comprising a second carrier mass of a slide. This timepiece assembly includes a mobile arranged for the application of a torque to the resonator, this mobile comprising a groove in which the slide slides with minimum clearance. This slider is arranged for at least, either follow the curvature of the groove when it has one, or rub friction in the groove, or else repel the internal lateral surfaces that the groove has by magnetized or electrified surfaces that it has the slide.
    When a mass, guided in rotation about a fixed axis, and connected to this axis by a linear radial return spring, is driven in its rotation by a grooved wheel, if a working pin is fixed on the mass in this groove, if this mass is punctual, its trajectories are ellipses or circles, and are all isochronous. If the mass has a rotational inertia, then only the circular trajectories are isochronous. Special conditions, which are rather delicate to develop, can make it possible to stabilize the trajectories on circles, the resonator then remaining isochronous as a function of the driving torque of the wheel.
    Summary of the invention [0014] The present invention proposes to achieve two objectives, namely:
    - Eliminate disturbances due to friction of the pivots of the resonator to increase its quality factor;
    - eliminate the jerks of the exhaust in order to increase the efficiency of the mechanism, and in particular the efficiency of the maintenance and counting function, usually assigned to an exhaust mechanism.
    To achieve these objectives, the invention provides a rotary resonator mechanism according to claim 1.
    Historically, watchmakers have not considered rotary resonators as a time base for watches because they are generally not isochronous, and they are sensitive to gravity.
    Also a rotary resonator mechanism according to the invention is in particular designed to include guides, in which guide friction does not dissipate energy in steady state, thereby improving the quality factor.
    And, in this particular rotary resonator mechanism, the rotation is maintained by a torque applied directly to a shaft of the resonator, thus avoiding the dynamic losses of a conventional anchor escapement.
    To obtain a rotary resonator mechanism which can be used as a time base for a time instrument, the invention endeavors to comply with the main conditions:
    - - condition of isochronism: the rotary resonator mechanism comprises a plurality of mobile inertial elements, each biased towards a main axis of rotation by elastic return means, the elastic return force of which causes on the center of mass of this inertial element a central force of intensity proportional to the distance between the axis of rotation and this center of mass;
    - condition of insensitivity to positions: the use of a plurality of mobile inertial elements, each guided so as to be able to move away from the axis of rotation, in combination with:
    • or a high frequency, that is to say greater than 20 Hz, in the case of application to a watch;
    • or else a connecting mechanism designed to force the global center of mass (of all these inertial elements) to remain on the axis of rotation whatever the amplitude, ie a kinematic link which forces the centers of mass of the different inertial elements to be on the same radius, relative to the axis of rotation, at all times;
    - condition of insensitivity to shocks and disturbances: radial friction allowing to bring back the centers of mass of the inertial elements on a circular trajectory following a trajectory disturbance. This radial friction can be achieved by friction of the air, friction of a pivot, a slide, or the like.
    The invention also relates to a timepiece movement comprising at least one such resonator mechanism.
    The invention also relates to a timepiece, in particular a watch, comprising such a timepiece movement.
    CH 713 069 A2
    Brief description of the drawings [0022] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:
    fig. 1 shows, diagrammatically and in plan view, a mechanical clockwork movement, comprising a barrel causing a gear train, which drives an input mobile of a continuous rotary regulating mechanism according to the invention, in an articulated variant comprising two inertial elements carried by arms pivotally mounted relative to a common structure rotating around the axis of rotation of the input mobile, each arm being biased towards this axis by particular elastic return means; fig. 2 represents, similarly to FIG. 1, a mechanism derived from that of FIG. 1, comprising means for maintaining at all times the centers of mass of the inertial elements at the same distance from the axis of rotation so as to make the continuous rotary regulating mechanism insensitive to the effects of the gravity field, these means here comprising a pantograph Speak clearly; fig. 3 is a variant of the mechanism of FIG. 2, where the inertial elements are combined with adjacent arms of the pantograph; fig. 4 is a variant of the mechanism of FIG. 3, where the arms are all replaced by inertial elements articulated on a central mobile driven by gear train, and a secondary central mobile together constituting a cross at the pantograph heart; fig. 5 is a diagram of a rhombus forming a half pantograph with sides of any size, and FIG. 6 is a diagram of the same half-pantograph showing the polar coordinates of the center of mass of a segment j; fig. 7 similar to fig. 6, relates to the particular case of a half isograph in regular isosceles rhombus, where all the arms between joints are of equal length; fig. 8 shows, schematically and in perspective, another variant, with a structure similar to that of FIGS. 3 and 4, devoid of pivot articulation, except at the level of the axis of rotation, and the arms of which constitute the pantograph segments form the inertial elements, and where the connections between these arms include flexible guides with crossed blades in projection; fig. 8A represents, similarly to FIG. 8, an advantageous alternative embodiment comprising, in superposition, a one-piece upper structure, which includes all of the upper blades, and a one-piece lower structure, which includes all of the lower blades; fig. 8B and 8C are side views of the central mobile and the secondary central mobile of this pantograph; fig. 9 and 10 show, diagrammatically, respectively in plan and in perspective, a variant of rigid kinematic connection between two inertial elements, comprising a crazy axial toothed wheel, which permanently cooperates with two toothed sectors integral with inertial elements, which are articulated on the structure shared by flexible guides with crossed blades in projection; fig. 11 shows, schematically and in plan view, a variant of pantograph, the central mobile of which is fixed to the entry mobile by an elastic connection, and the secondary central mobile of which is fixed to the entry mobile by another elastic connection; fig. 12 shows, diagrammatically and in plan view, another variant of kinematic connection in radial linear guidance, with a radial guide bar sliding in bores of the inertial elements, the elastic return means of the inertial elements being constituted by springs in vee; fig. 13 shows schematically and in plan view, yet another variant, in which the kinematic connection comprises curvilinear guide means, combining a curved groove of the central mobile, and a pin carried by the inertial element concerned, and where the elastic return means comprise two elastic blades parallel to each other, to limit the movement of each inertial element according to a single degree of freedom; fig. 14 shows, schematically and in plan view, a structure similar to that of FIG. 9, comprising a mad axial gear wheel cooperating with two intermediate wheels which themselves mesh with wheels integral with inertial elements and arms, which are articulated on the common structure by conventional tension springs;
    CH 713 069 A2 fig. 15 shows, schematically and in plan view, a variant where the kinematic connection is flexible, the common structure being a flexible blade which carries the inertial elements, which each carry an arm carrying a rack element cooperating with a wheel crazy axial;
    fig. 16 shows, schematically and in plan view, a variant of FIG. 15, comprising elastic return means comprising, for each inertial element, two parallel elastic blades, to limit the movement of each inertial element according to a single degree of freedom;
    fig. 17 is a block diagram representing a watch comprising a movement which itself comprises a continuous rotary regulating mechanism according to the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The invention relates to a resonator mechanism 100, provided for a timepiece movement 200 intended mainly to be integrated into a watch 300. In fact, the resonator mechanism 100 according to the invention is studied to be isochronous, insensitive to positions in the field of gravity, and, if not insensitive to shocks and disturbances, at least arranged to resume normal walking very quickly.
    This resonator mechanism 100 is a rotary resonator. It has the particularity of being devoid of the usual exhaust mechanism, and of operating continuously. The absence of jerks makes it possible to considerably improve energy efficiency, in comparison with a conventional resonator, of the balance-spring type coupled with an anchor escapement.
    This resonator mechanism 100 includes an input mobile 1, pivotally mounted about a rotation axis D. This input mobile 1 is subjected to a motor torque. Fig. 1 illustrates a conventional configuration of a timepiece movement 200 which comprises means of accumulating and storing energy 210, here comprising in a nonlimiting manner a barrel 211, arranged to conventionally drive a train 220, in particular a train finishing, the most downstream element of which drives the input mobile 1, thus subjected to the torque of the gear train.
    According to the invention, the resonator mechanism 100 comprises a common structure, which is deformable or articulated, and which is rotationally integral with the input mobile 1 around the axis of rotation D. This common structure carries, or comprises, a plurality of inertial elements 2. And this common structure rotates continuously. There is no back-and-forth movement: once subjected to a motor torque, the common structure rotates in a single direction of rotation. This does not prevent that the structure can be reversible, and able to turn in the other direction if it is subjected to a couple of opposite directions.
    Each inertial element 2 is guided, according to at least one degree of freedom relative to the common structure.
    Each inertial element 2 is returned towards the axis of rotation D by elastic return means 4, which are arranged to cause a return force on the center of mass of this inertial element 2.
    In particular, this restoring force is directed towards the axis of rotation D, and has an intensity proportional to the distance R a between the axis of rotation D and the center of mass of the inertial element 2 considered. .
    In a particular variant, the same elastic return means 4 are common to several inertial elements 2, and may in particular consist of a tension spring joining pins arranged on the inertial masses, or the like.
    In another variant, illustrated in particular by FIGS. 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, where the resonator mechanism 100 is articulated, such elastic return means 4 are arranged between, on the one hand the common structure, and on the other hand an inertial mass 2, or else a arm 31, 32, carrying an inertial mass 2.
    In yet another variant, as shown in FIG. 15, the common structure is elastically deformable, and constitutes such elastic return means 4.
    The resonator mechanism 100 has rotational symmetry of order N, N being the number of inertial masses 2.
    In a variant where the resonator mechanism 100 is articulated, each inertial element 2 is guided, directly or indirectly via arms or secondary articulated systems, relative to the common structure by at least one guide means 5 .
    [0035] FIG. 1 thus illustrates an example where the common structure comprises a central mobile 30, which carries at its two ends, articulation pivots 51, 52, around axes D31 and D32, and which respectively carry arms 31, 32, which are themselves carriers of inertial elements 2: 21 and 22, which, according to the variant, can be, or else mounted mad on these arms 31, 32, at axes D1, D2, passing through their center of mass, or mounted fixed with respect to these arms.
    CH 713 069 A2 In this variant of FIG. 1, the elastic return means 4 are separated: 41 and 42, arranged between, on the one hand the central mobile 30 of the common structure 3 at the level of an internal attachment 410, 420, and on the other hand the arm 31 , 32, at an external attachment 411,421.
    It is understood that each inertial element 2 may include a degree of freedom in rotation, as in most of the present figures, or even a degree of freedom in translation as in FIG. 12.
    In the variant where each inertial element 2 has a degree of freedom in rotation, more particularly, the elastic rappei means 4 cause an elastic potential characterized by the following relation:
    Vtot = (dao / dt) 2 . Zj (Mj. R 2 j (ßi)), where:
    - Vtot is the elastic potential, which represents an elastic energy,
    - Zj is the sum over j of the quantity in parentheses,
    - (dao / dt) is the rotational speed that we want to impose,
    - Rj (ßi) is the position of the center of mass of the inertial element j, as a function of the value of the degree of freedom ßi,
    - Mj is the mass of the inertial element j.
    It is understood that, in the articulated example of FIG. 1, comprising two inertial elements 21 and 22, the resonator mechanism 100 according to the invention must control, at all times, three angles: that made by the common structure 3 with a plate of the clockwork movement, or the like, and those, (31 and (32, what do the centers of mass of the inertial elements 21 and 22 with respect to the common structure 3, with reference to the axes D31 and D32 of the respective guides 51 and 52. Of course, in the case of N inertial elements, it's about driving N1 + angles.
    The system is self-regulating: under the effect of the torque imparted by the motor means of the movement, each inertial element tends to move away from the axis of rotation D, to a radial position where the friction of the air prints a resistant torque which balances, in a tangential direction, the effect of the torque applied to the input mobile 1, relative to the center of mass of the inertial element. In the radial direction, it is the centrifugal force which balances the radial component of the restoring force imparted by the elastic restoring means 4. This double balance, tangential and radial, determines the radial position of the center of mass at all times , as a function of the instantaneous value of the torque emitted by the motor means. The angular speed of rotation is equal to the square root of the quotient of the stiffness of the elastic return means by the mass of the inertial element, while the instantaneous radius of the center of mass with respect to the axis of rotation D is equal at the square root of the quotient between the engine torque and the product of the angular speed and the coefficient of friction between the ambient medium and the inertial element.
    In a particular embodiment, the centers of mass of the inertial elements reach the axis of rotation D, when the motor means are stopped, this position corresponding to the exercise of zero tensile force on the part elastic return means 4. It may be easier to produce a resonator mechanism 100 where the inertial masses 2 approach the axis of rotation, especially if these inertial masses 2 are in the same plane, and for example come in contact with each other in a rest position, the elastic return means 4 then being assembled with a prestress.
    The disturbance due to the gravity field tends, in certain positions of the watch 300, to differentiate the behavior of the inertial elements. For example, fig. 1 has a reference Z, in the plane of the sheet and directed towards the bottom of the sheet, which indicates the vertical of the place and the field of gravity, the inertial element 22 tends to deviate from the common structure 3, while that the inertial element 21 tends to approach it. If the inertial elements 2 are completely free radially, it may thus be that they are located on different radii with respect to the axis of rotation D.
    It is therefore advantageous, to overcome this effect of the gravity field, to carry out a transfer of movement reducing the number of degrees of freedom of each inertial element 2, and to establish a mechanical coupling which forces the radial position, relative to the axis of rotation D, of each inertial element 2 relative to the others. Thus the overall center of mass of the entire resonator mechanism can remain on the axis of rotation D. Preferably, a symmetry is established with respect to the axis of rotation D.
    To this end, the rotary resonator mechanism 100 advantageously comprises a kinematic connection, and more particularly a rigid kinematic connection, between at least two inertial elements 2, and preferably between all the inertial elements 2. This connection forces the inertial elements 2 to be at the same distance from the axis of rotation D, permanently. That is to say that the inertial elements 2 have only one degree of freedom compared to the common structure 3.
    This kinematic link is useful at low frequencies, 2 to 5 Hz in particular. On the other hand, if the speed of rotation of the common structure 3 is high, in particular corresponding to a period greater than or equal to 20 Hz, for example of the order of 50 Hz, the effect of the gravity field is negligible compared to the effects of inertia, and such a kinematic link is not essential. Such a very simple embodiment may be suitable for single-use applications, such as fireworks or the like. The kinematic link becomes necessary, however, as soon as one seeks to achieve good chronometric performance, especially for use in a watch.
    CH 713 069 A2 Various examples of such kinematic connections are illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16, and will be explained below. Most are rigid articulated kinematic connections, some illustrating flexible kinematic connections.
    [0047] FIG. 2 illustrates, in a deployed position, an advantageous embodiment of the invention, where the kinematic connection is achieved by means of a pantograph structure: the resonator mechanism 100 comprises a structure articulated in pantograph in symmetry about the axis of rotation D, comprising at least all the inertial elements 2, articulated directly, or articulated indirectly by means of arms which are designated, depending on the variants, by the references 31, 32, 131, 132, 121, 122, 123, 124, around the central mobile 30 and a secondary central mobile 130 which is arranged to pivot about the axis of rotation (D and which constitutes with the central mobile 30 a crossed structure. By “arm” here is meant a component comprising two articulations.
    We call here "pantograph" a double articulated structure around a central axis, the double diamond shape is more particularly illustrated in the figures; the part of the structure located on one side of the central axis is called "half pantograph". The pantograph has two half pantographs, with common elements, forming a crossed structure.
    More particularly, this cross structure constituted by the central mobile 30 and the secondary central mobile 130 has its center of mass on the axis of rotation D.
    Thus, in FIG. 2, the kinematic connection and the guides are produced by combining, on the basis of the example in FIG. 1, a central mobile 30, a secondary central mobile 130 pivoting about the axis of rotation D at an axial pivot, the two arms 31 and 32 pivot on the central mobile 30, two other secondary arms 131 and 132 pivots crazy, both on the secondary central mobile 130 around axes D131 and D132, at the level of non-detailed pivots, and on the inertial elements 21 and 22 at the level of axes D1 and D2, and the seven articulations necessary for its operation , so as to form a pantograph having a rotation symmetry of order 2.
    In a particular variant, the secondary central mobile 130 pivots madly about the axis of rotation D.
    The elastic return means 41 and 42 are the same as in FIG. 1, since the linkage formed by the two arms 131 and 132 around the secondary central mobile 130 is passive, its only function being to maintain the centers of mass of the inertial elements 21 and 22 in symmetry with respect to the axis of rotation D .
    Naturally, as visible in the variants illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, certain arms can constitute inertial elements. The variant of fig. 3, very close to that of FIG. 2, illustrated in a folded position, combines the inertia element! 21 and the secondary arm 131 to constitute an inertial element 121, and combines the inertial element 22 and the secondary arm 132 to constitute an inertial element 123, the arm 31 constituting an inertial element 122, and the arm 32 constituting an inertial element 124 .
    More particularly, all the inertial elements 2 are articulated directly on the central mobile 30 and the secondary central mobile 130. Thus, the variant of FIG. 4, very compact, comprises four inertial elements which also constitute arms 31, 32, 131, 132, articulated in pantographs around the central mobile 30 and the secondary central mobile 130.
    Figs. 5 and 6 are diagrams of the half-pantograph, with in fig. 6 the polar coordinates of the center of mass of a segment j. Here we call "segment" the geometric definition of one side of the rhombus of the half pantograph, and we designate by "arm" the physical component incorporated into the mechanism.
    FIG. 7 illustrates the particular case of an isosceles and regular diamond half pantograph, where:
    ßl = ß2 = ß'3 = ß4>
    with the centers of mass G3 and G4 of segments 73 and 74 which are located on the right which links the ball joints on either side of the segment concerned, A13 to A34, and A24 to A34 respectively.
    In the case of any half pantograph, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, each member, in the form of a quadrilateral, of the pantograph comprises four segments 71, 72, 73, 74, articulated with one another and with respect to a pivot axis constituted by a main ball joint 70 or the axis of rotation D. The central mobile 30 consists of two first segments 71 in the extension of one another relative to the main ball 70, and the secondary central mobile 130 consists of two second segments 72 in the extension one of the other with respect to the main ball joint 70. And the elastic return means 4 generate a potential energy V which is a function of the angle of deformation Bi of the pantograph member, satisfying the relation:
    oh
    V (fr) / Ößi = (dao / dt) 2 .ïj (Mj. RjißO- R'j (fr)), (this condition guarantees the isochronism of any pantograph), where:
    - V (ßi) is the potential as a function of the angle βι,
    - β-ι is the opening angle of the pantograph, that is to say the angle between the straight line which targets the tip of the pantograph and the pivot axis, dcco / dt is the speed of rotation of the mechanism rotary resonator 100,
    - Zj is the sum over j of the quantity in parentheses,
    Mj is the mass of the inertial element 2 of rank j
    CH 713 069 A2
    Rj (ßi) is the distance from the axis of rotation to the center of mass Gj of the inertial element 2 of rank j,
    - R'j (ß-i) is the derivative of the distance between the pivot axis and the center of mass of the inertial element 2 of rank j with respect to ß · ,.
    More particularly, the center of mass of each arm (31; 32; 131; 132; 121; 122; 123; 124) which is between two joints, is located on a straight line joining the two joints of part and d other arm considered.
    More particularly, and in particular in the variant of FIGS. 4 and 7, each member of the half-pantograph has four segments of equal length L, together constituting a regular diamond. And the center of mass of the central mobile 30 and that of the secondary central mobile 130 are on the axis of rotation D of the resonator mechanism 100, and the centers of mass of each of the inertial arms are on a line defined by the two joints of the corresponding arm.
    More particularly, with reference to the notations of FIG. 7, the potential energy V of the elastic return means is related to their deformation angle by the relation:
    V (ßi) = L (M3.R3 + M4.R4). (dcco / dt) 2 . cos 2ß-, where:
    - β-ι is the opening angle of the pantograph,
    - L is the length of each segment between the joints,
    - M 3 is the mass of a third segment 73 forming one of the two inertial elements opposite the pivot axis constituted by a main ball 70 or by the axis of rotation D, and between a first lateral ball A13 and a top ball joint A34 opposite a ball joint with axis A12 constituting the main ball joint 70,
    M 4 is the mass of a fourth segment 74 forming the other of the two inertial elements opposite to said pivot axis, and comprised between a second lateral ball joint A24 and the crown ball A34,
    R 3 is the distance from the first lateral ball joint A13 to the center of mass G3 of the third segment 73,
    R 4 is the distance from the second lateral ball joint A24 to the center of mass G4 of the fourth segment 74,
    - dcco / dt is the speed of rotation of the rotary resonator.
    Such a pantograph type structure, combined with suitable elastic return means, thus constitutes a mechanism which, theoretically, makes it possible to guarantee the constancy of the period of rotation of the input mobile 1, and ensure insensitivity to changes in position in the gravity field.
    The practical implementation nevertheless requires execution precautions, due to the large number of articulation guides, synonymous with friction and loss of performance.
    Other types of kinematic link will be presented later.
    To get rid of the cost of an articulated system, linked to the machining precision and the parallelism of the axes, and the deterioration of the yield by friction with the pivots, a particular embodiment of the invention relates to a mechanism of which at least one of the guide elements and at least one of the elastic return means 4 are produced jointly by a flexible guide. That is to say, the separate guidance and elasticity functions are performed by a single flexible guide. More particularly, with the exception of the guides at the level of the axis of rotation, all of the guides in rotation and of the elastic return means are produced by flexible guides.
    More particularly, at least one such flexible guide comprises at least two blades included in planes, and which define with each other the virtual axis of rotation of a flexible rotary guide.
    More particularly, in a pantograph type structure as described above, at least four of its joints are produced by flexible rotary guides.
    [0067] FIG. 8 thus illustrates a structure close to that of FIGS. 3 and 4, devoid of pivot articulation, except at the level of the axis of rotation D, and the arms 31, 131, 32, 132 of which constitute the pantograph segments form the inertial elements. In this nonlimiting variant, the flexible guides each comprise two blades, arranged according to parallel and distinct levels, and which, in projection on a parallel plane, intersect at the level of the articulation axes D31, D1, D131, D132, D2 , and D32.
    A simple embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C, and consists of the superposition of a one-piece upper structure 101, which includes all of the upper blades 103, and one-piece lower structure 102, which includes all of the lower blades 102. These upper structure 101 and structure lower 102 can be very easily assembled to each other, by gluing, riveting, or the like, and the radial positions of the various articulations, as well as the symmetry of the inertial elements, with respect to the axis of rotation D, are perfectly guaranteed.
    More particularly, these flexible rotary guides between two components are of the type with crossed blades in projection, as explained above, whose opening angle 8, read on the projection plane between the axis of crossing G and the points of installation of the blades on one of the components, has a value of 40 ° +/- 4 °, and the blades crossing at a proportion of length of 0.15 +/- 0.015. This crossing can be carried out both near the most mobile component, that is to say whose stroke is the largest, and the least mobile component, and it is generally determined by the dimensioning of the components to ensure the required distance between the installation points of the boards. More particularly, the flexible guides are made of oxidized silicon to compensate for the thermal effects.
    CH 713 069 A2 FIGS. 9 to 16 illustrate several variants making it possible to guarantee the radial symmetry of movement of the centers of mass of the inertial elements, depending on the case on the basis of articulated rigid kinematic connections, or else flexible kinematic connections.
    The embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10 comprises, to establish the rigid kinematic connection between the inertial elements 2 (21 and 22) is produced by means of a toothed wheel 60 mounted idly concentrically with the axis of rotation D, and which cooperates permanently with two sectors toothed 61 and 62 integral with the inertial elements 21 and 22. The latter are shown here articulated on the common structure 3 by such flexible guides with crossed blades in projection 41 and 42.
    In a particular variant of the pantograph type structure, comprising a central mobile 30 and a secondary central mobile 130, the central mobile 30 is fixed to the input mobile 1 by an elastic connection 80, and the secondary central mobile 130 pivots around the axis of rotation D, but this pivoting is limited by an elastic connection 80 connecting it to the input mobile 1. In this particular variant illustrated in FIG. 11, the central mobile 30 and the secondary central mobile 130 are each subjected to a drive torque equivalent to half the equivalent exhaust torque in a conventional exhaust mechanism.
    More particularly, this elastic connection 80 is a flexible rotary guide, in particular comprising two elastic blades.
    FIG. 12 illustrates another variant, in which the kinematic connection comprises radial linear guide means 90, with a radial guide bar 91 sliding in bores 911 and 912 of the inertial elements 21 and 22. The elastic return means 4 are here constituted each time by a v-shaped spring 41.42.
    FIG. 13 illustrates yet another variant, in which the kinematic connection comprises curvilinear guide means 95, combining a curved groove 35 of the central mobile 30, and a pin 25 carried by the inertial element 21, 22, concerned. In this variant, the elastic return means 4 comprise, for the suspension and the return of each inertial element 21, 22, two elastic blades 45 and 46 substantially parallel to one another, so as to limit the movement of each inertial element 21,22, according to a single degree of freedom.
    FIG. 14 shows a structure similar to that of FIG. 9, comprising a toothed wheel 60 mounted idly concentrically with the axis of rotation D, and which cooperates permanently with two intermediate wheels 610 and 620, which themselves mesh with wheels or toothed sectors 61 and 62 integral with the inertial elements 21 and 22 and arms 31 and 32. The latter are shown here articulated on the common structure 3 by conventional tension springs.
    FIG. 15 illustrates a variant where the kinematic connection is not rigid, but flexible, the common structure 30 being a flexible blade which carries the inertial elements 21 and 22, which each carry an arm carrying a rack element 161, 162, which cooperates with an idler axial wheel 60. In this very simple mechanism, the inertial elements 21 and 22 can however move according to two degrees of freedom.
    The embodiment of FIG. 16 solves this problem, through use, as in the embodiment of FIG. 13, elastic return means 4 which comprise, for the suspension and the return of each inertial element 21, 22, two elastic blades 45 and 46 substantially parallel to each other, so as to limit the movement of each element inertial 21,22, according to a single degree of freedom.
    In a particular embodiment, the complete resonator mechanism 100 (guide, inertial element, elastic return means, arm, mobile) is in one piece. We can make the entire rotary resonator in silicon machined by multi-level DRIE, for example. When this execution is awkward, especially when using crossed blades in different levels, it is advantageously possible, as in the case of FIG. 8A, superimpose an upper structure 101 in one piece and a lower structure 102 in one piece, each simple to manufacture, and which can be very easily assembled together, by gluing, riveting, screwing or the like. More particularly, the one-piece upper structure 101 and the one-piece lower structure 102 are assembled together irreversibly to create a non-removable one-piece component.
    In a particular variant, the frequency of rotation of the rotary resonator mechanism 100 is greater than 20 Hz, and in particular greater than 50 Hz. This relatively high frequency makes it possible to limit the sensitivity to positions in the gravity field, in the case where there is no kinematic link.
    It is understood that the invention, designed for counting time, can also be used for other mechanisms, such as a ringing regulator, or the like.
    The invention also relates to a timepiece movement 200, comprising a plate carrying means of energy accumulation and storage 210, in particular at least one barrel 211, arranged to conventionally drive a gear train 220, in particular a gear train, the most downstream element of which is arranged to drive the input mobile 1 of such a rotary resonator mechanism 100, which comprises this movement 200.
    The invention also relates to a timepiece, in particular a watch 300, comprising at least one clockwork movement 200, and / or such a rotary resonator mechanism 100.
    This invention has various advantages, and in particular:
    CH 713 069 A2
    - elimination of the traditional exhaust mechanism, allowing a simplification of the mechanism;
    - elimination of the friction work of the pivots of a balance spring, allowing to increase the quality factor of the resonator mechanism;
    - elimination of exhaust jerks, making it possible to increase efficiency;
    - increase in the power reserve and / or the precision of current mechanical watches.
    For a given size of movement, it is possible to quintuple the autonomy of the watch, and to double the regulating power of the watch. This amounts to saying that the invention allows a gain of a factor of 10 on the performance of the movement.
    权利要求:
    Claims (24)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Resonator mechanism (100) for a clockwork movement, comprising an input mobile (1), pivotally mounted about an axis of rotation (D) and subjected to a motor torque, and comprising a central mobile (30) , integral in rotation with said input mobile (1) around said axis of rotation (D) and arranged to rotate continuously, said resonator mechanism (100) comprising, a plurality of N inertial elements (2), each mobile according to less a degree of freedom relative to said central mobile (30), and returned towards said axis of rotation (D) by elastic return means (4), which are arranged to cause a return force on the center of mass of said element inertial (2), said resonator mechanism (100) having a symmetry of rotation of order N, characterized in that said resonator mechanism (100) comprises means of kinematic connection between all of said inertial elements (2) and which are arranged to maintain at all times ant, all the centers of mass of said inertial elements (2) at the same distance from said axis of rotation (D), and further characterized in that said elastic return means (4) cause an elastic potential characterized by the following relation:
    Vtot = (dao / dt) 2 . Zj (Mj. R 2 j (ßi)), where:
    - Vtot is the elastic potential,
    - Σ is the sum over j of the quantity in parentheses,
    - (dao / dt) is the rotational speed that we want to impose,
    - Rj (ßi) is the position of the center of mass Gj of the inertial element j, as a function of the value of the degree of freedom ßi,
    - Mj is the mass of the inertial element j.
    [2]
    2. Resonator mechanism (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that said resonator mechanism (100) comprises a structure articulated in pantograph around said axis of rotation (D), comprising at least all of said inertial elements (2), articulated directly , or articulated indirectly by means of arms (31; 32; 131; 132; 121; 122; 123; 124), around said central mobile (30) and a secondary central mobile (130) arranged to pivot around said axis of rotation (D) and which constitutes with said central mobile (30) a crossed structure.
    [3]
    3. Resonator mechanism (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that said cross structure constituted by said central mobile (30) and said secondary central mobile (130) has its center of mass on said axis of rotation (D).
    [4]
    4. Resonator mechanism (100) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that each member of said pantograph comprises four segments (71, 72, 73, 74), articulated with one another and with respect to a pivot axis constituted by a ball joint main (70) or to said axis of rotation (D), said central mobile (30) consisting of two first segments (71) in the extension of one another with respect to said main ball (70), and said secondary central mobile (130) consisting of two second segments (72) in the extension of one another with respect to said main ball (70), and in that said elastic return means 4 generate potential energy V which is a function of the angle of deformation Si of said pantograph member, satisfying the relation: 3V (ßi) / 5ßi = (dao / dt) 2 .ïj (Mj. Rj (ß-i). R'jißi)), or:
    - V (ß- |) is the potential as a function of the angle [T,
    - β-ι is the opening angle of the pantograph, that is to say the angle between the right which targets the tip of the pantograph and said pivot axis,
    - dao / dt is the speed of rotation of said rotary resonator mechanism (100),
    - Zj is the sum over j of the quantity in parentheses,
    - Mj is the mass of the inertial element 2 of rank j,
    - Rj (ß-i) is the distance from the axis of rotation to the center of mass Gj of the inertial element 2 of rank j,
    - R'j (ßi) is the derivative of the distance between the pivot axis and the center of mass of the inertial element 2 of rank j with respect to [T.
    [5]
    5. Resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that said articulated structure constitutes a pantograph in symmetry about said axis of rotation (D), or in rotation symmetry of order 2 around said axis of rotation (D).
    [6]
    6. Resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that all of said inertial elements (2) are articulated directly on said central mobile (30) and said secondary central mobile (130).
    [7]
    7. Resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the center of mass of each said arm (31; 32; 131; 132; 121; 122; 123; 124) which is between two joints, is located on a straight line joining the two joints on either side of said arm considered.
    CH 713 069 A2
    [8]
    8. Resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that each member of said pantograph has four segments of equal length together constituting a regular diamond.
    [9]
    9. Resonator mechanism (100) according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the potential energy V of said elastic return means (4) is related to their deformation angle by the relation: V (ßJ = L (M 3 .R 3 + M 4 .R 4 ). (Dao / dt) 2. Cos 2ß 4 , where:
    - β-ι is the opening angle of the pantograph,
    - L is the length of each segment between the joints,
    - M 3 is the mass of a third segment (73) forming one of the two inertial elements opposite the pivot axis constituted by a main ball joint (70) or by said axis of rotation (D), and between a first lateral ball joint (A13) and a crown ball joint (A34) opposite a spherical ball joint (A12) constituting said main ball joint (70),
    - M 4 is the mass of a fourth segment (74) forming the other of the two inertial elements opposite to said pivot axis, and comprised between a second lateral ball joint (A24) and said crown ball joint (A34),
    R 3 is the distance from the first lateral ball joint (A13) to the center of mass G3 of said third segment (73),
    R 4 is the distance from the second lateral ball joint (A24) to the center of mass G4 of said fourth segment (74),
    - dao / dt is the rotation speed of the rotary resonator.
    [10]
    10. Resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that said central mobile (30) and said secondary central mobile (130) are each fixed to said input mobile (1) by an elastic connection (80).
    [11]
    11. Resonator mechanism (100) according to claim 10, characterized in that said elastic connection (80) is a flexible rotary guide comprising two elastic blades.
    [12]
    12. Resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one of the guide elements and at least one of said elastic return means (4) are produced jointly by a flexible guide.
    [13]
    13. Resonator mechanism (100) according to claim 12, characterized in that, with the exception of the guides at said axis of rotation (D), all of the guides in rotation and elastic return means (4) that comprises said resonator mechanism (100) is produced by flexible guides.
    [14]
    14. Resonator mechanism (100) according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that at least one said flexible guide comprises at least two elastic blades included in planes, and which define with each other the axis of rotation virtual flexible rotating guidance.
    [15]
    15. Resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that, in said pantograph-type structure, at least four of its joints are produced by flexible rotary guides according to claim 14.
    [16]
    16. Resonator mechanism (100) according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that at least one said flexible rotary guide between two components is a guide with crossed blades in projection on a projection plane, the opening angle of which 9 , read on the projection plane between the crossing axis C of the projections of said blades on said plane and the points of embedding of the blades on one of the components, has a value of 40 ° +/- 4 °, and the blades crossing at a length proportion of 0.15 +/- 0.015.
    [17]
    17. Resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that said flexible guides are made of oxidized silicon to compensate for the thermal effects.
    [18]
    18. Resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that said kinematic connection means between all of said inertial elements (2) comprise at least one idler wheel (60) mounted idler concentrically to said axis of rotation (D), and which continuously cooperates with a toothed sector or a rack (61, 62) that each said inertial element comprises.
    [19]
    19. Resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that said kinematic connection means comprise radial linear guide means (90), with a radial guide bar (91) sliding in bores (911, 912) that comprise said inertial elements (2).
    [20]
    20. Resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that said complete resonator mechanism (100) is in one piece.
    [21]
    21. Resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that said resonator mechanism (100) comprises flexible guides with crossed blades in different levels, and comprises, superimposed, and assembled one to the other, a one-piece upper structure (101) that includes all of the upper blades (103), and a one-piece lower structure (102) that includes all of the lower blades (102).
    [22]
    22. Resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the rotation frequency of said rotary resonator mechanism (100) is greater than 20 Hz.
    [23]
    23. Clock movement (200), comprising a plate carrying energy accumulation and storage means (210) or at least one barrel (211), arranged to drive a train (220) arranged to drive the mobile input
    CH 713 069 A2 (1) of a said rotary resonator mechanism (100) according to one of claims 1 to 22, and which comprises said movement (200).
    [24]
    24. Watch (300) comprising at least one clockwork movement (200) according to claim 23.
    CH 713 069 A2
    CH 713 069 A2
    CH 713 069 A2
    CH 713 069 A2
    CH 713 069 A2
    ml
    CH 713 069 A2
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    JP6559703B2|2014-01-13|2019-08-14|エコール・ポリテクニーク・フェデラル・ドゥ・ローザンヌ （ウ・ペ・エフ・エル）Ｅｃｏｌｅ Ｐｏｌｙｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ Ｆｅｄｅｒａｌｅ Ｄｅ Ｌａｕｓａｎｎｅ （Ｅｐｆｌ）|Isotropic harmonic oscillators and associated timebases with no escapement or with simple escapement|
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    EP3254158A1|2015-02-03|2017-12-13|ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse|Isochronous timepiece resonator|
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    EP3217229B1|2016-03-07|2020-01-01|Montres Breguet S.A.|Adjustable auxiliary thermal compensation system|EP3410231B1|2017-05-29|2021-06-30|Montres Breguet S.A.|Clock mechanism|
    CH714019A2|2017-07-26|2019-01-31|Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse|Mechanical clockwork movement with rotary resonator.|
    EP3812843A1|2019-10-25|2021-04-28|ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse|Flexible guide and set of stacked flexible guides for rotary resonator mechanism, in particular for a clock movement|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP16195399|2016-10-25|
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