• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    A tool for skiving vorverzahnter rotating workpieces has a gear-shaped base body (1.1) and tooth-shaped inserts (1.2), which are arranged on the front side in the region of the top circle on the base body (1.1). Each insert (1.2) comprises at least one cutting tooth (1.2.1). The cutting tooth (1.2.1) forms a cutting edge (6) which runs along at least one of the flanks of the cutting tooth (1.2.1), as well as a rake face (5.5) and an open face (5.3). The rake surface (5.5) is provided along the cutting edge (6) with a rake chamfer (7) which is inclined at a chamfer angle to the rake surface (5.5). In this case, the chamfer angle varies in the course of the cutting edge (6). In addition, the cutting edge (6) is rounded with a radius.
    公开号:CH713065A1
    申请号:CH01412/16
    申请日:2016-10-21
    公开日:2018-04-30
    发明作者:Hänni Florian；Haufe Frank；Kirsch Roger；Marx Hartmut
    申请人:Reishauer Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to a tool for skiving peeling pre-toothed, rotating and in particular hardened or high-strength workpieces, a method for producing such a tool and a method for hard fine machining by skiving using such a tool.
    PRIOR ART In this document, terms such as cutting edge, main cutting edge, secondary cutting edge, rake face, rake face chamfer, free face, free face chamfer, cutting wedge, rake angle, bevel rake angle etc. in accordance with the standards DIN 6580: 1985-10 and DIN 6581: 1985- 10 used. Movements such as cutting movement, feed movement and active movement as well as reference planes such as tool reference plane, cutting edge plane, wedge measurement plane and working plane are used in accordance with these standards.
    Gear skiving has been known as a gear cutting method since at least 1910 and is therefore a very old method. A first description of the process can be found in DE 243 514 C. The skiving process is a continuous cutting process for producing axisymmetric periodic structures, in which gear-like tools are used. The teeth of these tools have cutting edges on the end faces. Tool and workpiece are picked up on rotary spindles. The axes of rotation of the tool and workpiece are skewed. The rolling motion typical of the process is realized by coupling the rotary movements of the tool and workpiece around the rotary axes. As a result of this rolling movement and a feed movement of the tool or the workpiece along the workpiece axis, a cutting movement is generated both in the counter-rotation and in the synchronization in the process of peeling. With this cutting process, both external and internal gears can be machined.
    A disadvantage of the skiving process is the complex manufacture and rapid wear and tear of the complex, workpiece-specific tool. In order to facilitate the finishing of the tool, a gear skiving tool with exchangeable knife bars is proposed in US Pat. No. 8,950,301 B2. The knife bars are held in the base body by releasable fastening means and can be reworked individually.
    [0005] A gear skiving tool with interchangeable cutting elements is also known from DE 10 2012 011 956 B3. The cutting elements are individually connected to a tool holder. Another gear skiving tool with exchangeable cutting elements is disclosed in US 2015/0 063 927 A1. The tooth-shaped cutting elements are individually screwed to a base body.
    In the tools mentioned, the accuracy of the position of the cutting edges is limited by the separate installation of the individual cutting elements. The tools mentioned are also very complex in terms of their manufacture and structure.
    In US 2015/0 314 382 A1 it was recognized that during skiving, due to the path movement of the tool relative to the workpiece, different rake angles and different clearance angles arise at every point in time of the intervention. According to this document, the rake angle changes due to the process during the cutting operation and can even have high negative values of up to -50 °. In order to avoid unfavorable chip conditions, the document proposes a method for determining a free surface contour, but is silent on the position and configuration of the chip surface.
    The dissertation by Christoph Kühlewein, investigation and optimization of the skiving process using 3D FEM simulation, research report volume 174, wbk Institute of the University of Karlsruhe, 2013, pages 8-51, 109-112, 149-146, 155- 176, extensively discusses the process-typical conditions for chip formation and the resulting disadvantages in skiving technology.
    The chips consist in skiving from the incoming flank, the head and the trailing flank and thus form the three-flank chip known in gear technology, which is additionally characterized by typical process disturbances in chip formation. The cutting edge is in line contact with the workpiece surface during the cutting process. With a large number of cutting points, the cutting edge can be divided into individual areas and then viewed at certain points. The corresponding trajectory can be displayed for each of these cutting points. At each cutting point, the direction vectors of the cutting movement and the rake face of the cutting edge form a different rake angle, which also changes in the course of the cutting movement. The rake angle varies on the one hand spatially along the cutting edge and on the other hand in time during the movement of the cutting edge through the tooth gap.
    The chip formation during the cutting process is therefore not constant, e.g. when turning, but each cutting section is subject to a different and time-varying stress. Particularly in hard fine machining with its relatively high machining forces, this greatly different stress on the different cutting edge sections is disadvantageous.
    CH 713 065 A1
    DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION In a first aspect, it is an object of the present invention to provide a gear skiving tool which is suitable for the high-precision hard fine machining of pre-toothed workpieces and which can be manufactured easily and yet with high precision.
    [0012] This object is achieved by a skiving tool according to claim 1. Further embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.
    [0013] The invention thus provides a tool for skiving pre-toothed workpieces. The tool has a gear-shaped base body which defines a tool axis and which defines a tip circle on one end face, and one or more cutting plates which are arranged on the face side in the region of the tip circle on the base body. The cutting plates each have at least one cutting tooth. The cutting tooth forms a cutting edge which runs at least along one of the flanks of the cutting tooth. Accordingly, the cutting tooth has a rake surface assigned to the cutting edge and a free surface assigned to the cutting edge. With regard to the terms cutting edge, rake face and open face, reference is made to the DIN standards mentioned. The inserts are made in particular from a hard and wear-resistant material.
    According to the invention, the rake face of the cutting tooth is provided with a rake face that runs along the cutting edge and is inclined by a bevel angle to the rake face, this bevel angle varying in the course of the cutting edge (ie, the bevel angle is not constant over the entire course of the cutting edge , but changes in at least one section of the cutting edge). In particular, this bevel angle varies along at least one flank of the cutting tooth. The variation is preferably continuous, i.e. without jumps.
    The bevel angle is then considered variable if it changes in the course of the cutting edge, and in particular in the course of a flank of the cutting tooth, by at least 1 °. In some embodiments, the bevel angle can change by more than 2 ° or even by more than 5 ° in the course of the cutting edge or along the flank.
    By providing a rake face bevel with a variable bevel angle on the cutting edge, it becomes possible to specifically influence the machining conditions at each cutting point by choosing a suitable bevel angle. In particular, it becomes possible to create more uniform machining conditions along the cutting edge than is the case when there is no rake face chamfer. More detailed considerations in this regard are discussed below in connection with FIGS. 3-5.
    The rake face is preferably made sufficiently wide so that the resulting chip can run exclusively on the rake face and not on the rake face defined according to DIN. As a result, the rake surface loses its character assigned by the DIN standard and is only relevant as a reference surface for the design and manufacture of the chamfers on the rake surface. The orientation of the rake face in space is no longer relevant for the cutting process, but the orientation of the rake face. Accordingly, the rake angle (which is measured relative to the rake surface according to DIN) is no longer relevant, but the bevel rake angle (i.e. the rake angle measured relative to the rake surface chamfer). This is also referred to below as the actual rake angle.
    To ensure that the chip in hard fine machining runs exclusively over the rake face, it is advantageous if the rake face has a width (measured in the tool cutting normal plane) of at least 50 microns, preferably at least 100 microns or at least twice the calculated chip thickness to be expected.
    The cutting edge preferably has sections both along the left flank and along the right flank. This enables machining of both flanks of the workpiece toothing in the same operation. It is preferred that a rake bevel is formed on the cutting edge both along the left flank and along the right flank. The bevel angle of the rake face then varies along at least one of these flanks, while on the other flank it can also be constant under certain circumstances. However, embodiments are also conceivable in which only one-flank machining is carried out with the tool. In this case, it is sufficient to provide a rake face along this flank. In addition, the cutting tooth can have a cutting area on the tooth head and optionally further cutting areas on the tooth base, and rake face chamfers can also be provided in these areas. A continuous cutting edge is preferably formed on the cutting tooth and runs uninterruptedly from the tooth base along the left flank over the tooth tip and the right flank to the next tooth base. The rake face chamfer then preferably runs continuously at least along the left flank, the tooth tip and the right flank.
    Depending on the workpiece geometry, tool geometry and kinematic settings of the machine, it can be particularly advantageous if the chamfer angle increases or decreases continuously, for example in the course of the cutting edge along at least one of the flanks from the tooth tip to the tooth root, e.g. increases or decreases by at least 20%. If the cutting edge also extends over the other flank, the bevel angle along the second flank can be constant, it can vary in the same way as on the first flank (ie also continuously increasing or decreasing), it can vary in the opposite way, or it can vary in any other way. Which type of variation of the chamfer angle is optimal in the individual case depends - as has already been explained - on various parameters such as workpiece geometry, tool geometry and kinematic settings.
    CH 713 065 A1 [0021] The width of the rake face can also vary in the course of the cutting edge. For manufacturing reasons, this will often be due to the fact that the chamfer angle of the rake surface chamfer varies in the course of the cutting edge. From the user's point of view, it may be desirable that the cutting edge, at least along one tooth flank, always lies in a single cutting plane that runs parallel to the rake face at a fixed distance. In such a situation, however, the smaller the bevel angle relative to the rake face, the greater the width of the rake face along this tooth flank. However, it is also conceivable to provide a fixed bevel width of the rake face and only to have the bevel angle of the rake face vary. In this case, however, the cutting edge will not lie in a single plane, but assume a curved course in space.
    Depending on the workpiece geometry, tool geometry and kinematic settings of the machine, it can be particularly advantageous if the width of the rake chamfer increases or decreases continuously in the course of the cutting edge along at least one of the flanks from the tooth tip to the tooth root. The width of the rake face on the other flank can be constant or can vary in any way.
    In order to simplify the manufacture of the cutting edge and to increase the wedge angle locally (in the immediate vicinity of the cutting edge), the free surface of the cutting tooth can be provided with a free surface bevel along the cutting edge. A flank bevel can be provided only along a section of the cutting edge or along the entire cutting edge. The flank bevel can have a constant bevel angle (measured in the normal plane of the cutting edge as the angle between the flank face and the flank bevel), or corresponding bevel angles can vary along the cutting edge.
    [0024] The cutting edge of the cutting tooth can be rounded off with a radius. In this case it is advantageous if the radius corresponds to between 10% and 40% of the expected chip thickness. Expressed in absolute numbers, the radius will advantageously be at least 15 micrometers, in practice often 15-50 micrometers. It can vary along the cutting edge and can increase in particular from the tooth base to the tooth head.
    The rake faces of all cutting teeth of the tool are preferably arranged in a common tool-fixed plane, the common plane being orthogonal to the tool axis. Since the chip runs essentially exclusively over the chip surface chamfer and the chip surface no longer participates in the chip formation, the chip surface becomes a pure reference surface, as has already been described above. The orientation of this reference surface in space can be chosen freely. The choice of this orientation orthogonal to the tool axis enables extremely simple manufacture and assembly of the cutting inserts. All of the cutting inserts can be arranged in a common plane, aligned very easily with respect to this plane and assembled together, and a plurality of cutting teeth can be formed on a single cutting insert.
    The tool can in particular be helical, i.e. the teeth of the gear-shaped base body and the cutting teeth of the cutting plates do not run parallel to the tool axis, but inclined to the tool axis. In contrast to what is customary in the prior art for helical-toothed tools, in this case the rake faces of all cutting teeth are preferably in a common plane, whereas in the prior art the rake faces are generally offset from one another in a step-like manner.
    The hard and wear-resistant cutting plates are preferably materially connected to the softer base body, e.g. by gluing or soldering or other modern and future joining techniques. This makes it possible to fix the cutting plates firmly. These cutting inserts are preferably finally machined on the tool after they have been materially connected to the base body and before they are used for workpiece machining.
    In order to dampen vibrations due to changing machining forces, it is advantageous if the connecting layer in the region of the tooth tips of the cutting teeth is thicker than in the region of the tooth bases, in particular by 10 to 200 micrometers, in particular 20 to 100 micrometers, particularly preferred 30 to 50 microns thicker. In this case, the connection layer forms an insulation layer in the area of the tooth tips, which helps to reduce vibrations directly at the point of origin.
    In order to make the insulation layer simple, the base body can have an end-face depression, e.g. in the form of a twist, the recess having a corresponding depth of 10 to 200 micrometers, in particular 20 to 100 micrometers, particularly preferably 30 to 50 micrometers, and preferably extending to the outermost edge of the base body. The connection layer then extends into the area of the depression and forms the insulation layer there.
    In order to easily position the cutting elements on the base body, the tool can optionally have a positioning disk, on the outer circumference of which positioning elements are formed. The cutting plates are then arranged on the outer circumference of the positioning disk and are provided on the inside with holding elements which are designed to be complementary to the positioning elements and, with respect to a radial and / or tangential direction, preferably produce a form fit or also only a simple positioning between this positioning disk and the cutting plates. In this way, the inserts can be easily pre-positioned before the material connection is made. Alternatively, such positioning elements can also be formed on the base body; the additional positioning disc could thus be omitted. With current production methods this can4
    CH 713 065 A1 additional disc can be produced very inexpensively and thus enables the cost-effective production of the skiving tool.
    In this respect, the present invention also provides a tool for the gear peeling of pre-toothed, rotating workpieces, which has:
    a gear-shaped base body which defines a tool axis and which defines a tip circle on one end face and one or more cutting plates which are arranged on the end face in the area of the tip circle on the base body, the cutting tips each having at least one cutting tooth, the cutting tips being connected to the base body in a material-locking manner are preferably glued, the tool having positioning elements which are arranged on an outer circumference of an additional positioning disk or on the gear-shaped base body;
    wherein the cutting plates are arranged on the outer circumference of the tool, and wherein the cutting plates are provided on the inside with holding elements which are designed to be complementary to the positioning elements and produce a positioning or a form fit between the positioning elements and the cutting plates with respect to a radial and / or tangential direction.
    The positioning disk is preferably smaller in the axial direction (i.e. measured along the tool axis) or at most the same thickness as the cutting inserts.
    To improve the attachment of the cutting plates, the tool can have a gear-shaped auxiliary disc, the cutting plates being arranged axially between the base body and the auxiliary disc and connected to the base body and also with the auxiliary disc in a material-locking manner, preferably glued or soldered.
    In advantageous embodiments, the cutting plates each have several teeth, e.g. 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7 or more teeth. They are preferably of the shape of a circular arc, the cutting teeth being arranged on the outside of the circumference along a circular arc on the cutting plate. The inserts then form a circular ring overall on the base body.
    In another advantageous embodiment, the tool has a single annular cutting plate, the cutting teeth being arranged on the outside of the cutting plate.
    The hard and wear-resistant cutting inserts are preferably made of one of the following hard materials: hard metal with or without coating, cubic boron nitride (CBN), polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) or polycrystalline diamond (PCD). The invention can also be used if further hard materials for tools for gear skiving of pre-toothed workpieces will be used in the future or if corresponding hard materials are applied to the base body by means of 3D printing technology.
    [0037] An RFID module can be arranged in or on the base body of the skiving tool. An identification code can be stored in the memory of this module and can be read out without contact in order to uniquely identify the skiving tool. This enables tool-specific data on the tool geometry, including data on the geometry of the chip face chamfer, to be called up from a database or changed in this database. Alternatively, such data can also be stored directly in the memory and can be read out from the memory without contact and, if necessary, can be changed in the memory. This geometry data is of great importance for the machine control. A complex and error-prone input and / or change of the geometry data by hand or a transfer from a separate data carrier, which can easily be lost or mixed up, can be omitted.
    In this RFID module, at least one sensor for detecting operating parameters such as temperature, vibrations or structure-borne noise can also be arranged, this sensor then also being able to be read out and, if appropriate, controlled.
    [0039] Reference is made to WO 2015/036 519 A1 for the configuration and attachment of suitable RFID modules and secure contactless signal transmission.
    In an advantageous method for producing a tool of the type described above, the cutting inserts are manufactured with a dimension of preferably 100-500 micrometers, based on their finished contour. The cutting inserts are connected to the base body with a material fit and then finished. The finishing can refer in particular to the reference or base surfaces for concentricity and axial runout on the base body as well as to the rake surfaces with rake surface chamfers, free surfaces with free surface chamfers and radii on the cutting inserts. In particular, the chip face chamfers are machined, as are the radii, if available, and optional free areas with free face chamfers.
    In a method according to the invention for the fine machining of a pre-toothed workpiece, a skiving operation is carried out with a tool of the type described above. For this purpose, the workpiece is rotated about a workpiece axis, the tool is rotated in rolling engagement with the workpiece about a tool axis oriented obliquely to the workpiece axis, and the tool is axially advanced parallel or antiparallel to the workpiece axis. As already explained above, the rake face of each cutting tooth along the cutting edge is provided with a rake face chamfer which is inclined by a bevel angle to the rake face, the bevel angle varying along the cutting edge. The workpiece and tool protrude through the cutting edge of a cutting tooth
    CH 713 065 A1 engages the workpiece, the chips which form during the passage of the cutting edge of a cutting tooth through a tooth gap of the workpiece run exclusively over the rake face.
    During the passage of the cutting edge of a cutting tooth through a tooth gap of the workpiece, a time-varying bevel rake angle, based on the rake face chamfer, is formed at every point of the cutting edge. This bevel rake acts as a de facto rake angle. The bevel angle along the cutting edge is designed so that a reference value, e.g. a (if necessary, weighted) mean value or maximum value of the bevel rake angle, determined at a fixed point on the cutting edge via the passage of the cutting edge through the tooth gap, changes less strongly along the cutting edge than the corresponding reference value for the rake angle would change if none Chip face chamfer would be present and the chip would run directly over the chip face.
    The variation of the bevel angle can be chosen so that the reference value is even approximately constant. An unweighted average or a weighted average can be used as a reference value, in which, for example, the entry of the cutting edge into the material to be cut is weighted more than the exit. Furthermore, the width of the rake face can also be designed such that such a reference value varies as little as possible in the course of the cutting edge.
    The bevel angle along the cutting edge is preferably designed to vary such that the maximum value of the bevel rake angle in the entire course of the cutting edge is negative and is in the range from -5 ° to -40 °, preferably -20 ° to -35 °.
    The rake surface chamfer preferably has a width in the entire course of the cutting edge that is greater than the maximum thickness of the chip that forms during the passage of the cutting edge through a tooth gap of the workpiece. The width of the rake face chamfer is preferably at least twice the maximum chip thickness in the entire course of the cutting edge. This ensures that the chip runs exclusively over the rake face and not over the actual rake face.
    The tool of the type mentioned above is particularly suitable for hard fine machining of pre-toothed workpieces by skiving, i.e. for machining pre-toothed workpieces that have either been previously hardened or made from a high-strength material such as tempered steel. The tool according to the invention can be used in both co-rotating and counter-rotating machining, i.e. the axial advance of the workpiece relative to the tool can take place in a direction which corresponds to the axial portion of the cutting speed due to the rolling movement, or in the opposite direction.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings, which are used only for explanation and are not to be interpreted as restrictive. The drawings show:
    Figure 1 is a schematic schematic diagram of skiving from the prior art (taken from DE 243 514 C).
    2 shows a schematic basic view of the skiving process with workpiece and tool assignment;
    Fig. 3 in part (a) a cutting tooth without rake face, on which several cutting points are marked, and in parts (b) - (d) each an exemplary course of the chip angle γ depending on the pitch angle ξ at each of these cutting points;
    4 shows a schematic illustration of a typical course of the absolute maximum rake angle along the cutting edge when skiving a pre-toothed external toothing;
    5 in part (a) a cutting tooth with a variable rake face, on which the same cutting points as in FIG.
    are marked; in parts (b) - (d) the course of the original rake angle γ and the bevel rake angle as a function of the pitch angle ξ; in part (e) the course of the maximum original rake angle and the maximum bevel angle;
    6 is a partial perspective view of a tool for skiving;
    FIG. 7 is an enlarged detail view of FIG. 6 in area A;
    Figure 8 is an exploded view of the tool of Figure 6;
    9 shows a perspective partial view of a complete tool with an additional auxiliary disk and a second connecting layer;
    FIG. 10 shows an enlarged detailed view of FIG. 9 in area B;
    FIG. 11 is an enlarged detail view of FIG. 9 in area C;
    CH 713 065 A1
    Fig. 12 is an exploded view of the tool of Fig. 9;
    13 shows a perspective view of a cutting plate blank with a single tooth, the rake surface being at the top and its parallel surface at the bottom;
    FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a circular arc-shaped insert segment blank with three cutting teeth, the rake surface being at the top; FIG.
    15 is a perspective view of a completely circular cutting insert blank with all cutting teeth, the rake surface being at the top;
    16 shows a perspective view of a cutting insert with a single tooth, a rake face chamfer with increasing width being formed along one tooth flank and a rake face chamfer with decreasing width along the other tooth flank, and free face chamfers being formed;
    17 shows a plan view of the rake face of a cutting insert according to FIG. 16;
    FIG. 18 is an enlarged sectional view of the cutting plate in the plane E-E of FIG. 17, which in particular shows the chip and flank chamfer better.
    19 shows a perspective view of a cutting insert with a single tooth, rake face bevels with increasing width and free face bevels being formed along both tooth flanks;
    20 shows a perspective view of a cutting insert with a single tooth, rake face bevels with decreasing width and free face bevels being formed along both tooth flanks;
    21 shows a perspective view of a cutting insert with a single tooth, a rake face chamfer with increasing width being formed along one tooth flank and a rake face chamfer with decreasing width along the other tooth flank and no flank faces being formed;
    22 shows a plan view of the rake face of a cutting insert according to FIG. 21;
    FIG. 23 shows an enlarged sectional view of the cutting plate in the plane F-F of FIG. 22, which in particular shows the rake face better;
    DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the following, the designations of the cutting edge geometry are made analogously to DIN 6580 and DIN 6581, as has already been explained above. These standards distinguish between a cutting movement (without taking the feed into account) and an active movement (taking the feed into account). The standards were originally developed to describe simple machining situations, such as those occur when turning or milling. With such methods, the distinction between cutting movement and effective movement is usually possible without any problems. In contrast, the skiving process is an extremely complex process which, in addition to a rolling movement, also includes an axial feed of the tool or the workpiece parallel or anti-parallel to the workpiece axis. As a rule, the axial feed during gear skiving has a relatively large influence on the cutting process. The rolling motion should therefore not be viewed separately from the axial feed motion. For this reason, the convention is used below that this axial feed is not to be regarded as a feed in the sense of the DIN standards mentioned and is part of the cutting movement in the sense of the DIN standards. In the following, the cutting movement in the sense of the DEN standards is the movement that results from the superimposition of the rolling movement with the axial feed movement. However, a possible radial infeed of the tool or the workpiece in a radial direction perpendicular to the workpiece axis is not included in the cutting movement.
    In all figures, the same reference numerals are used for identical or similar surfaces, cutting, chamfering or other elements.
    1 shows a schematic sketch of the skiving process with internally toothed workpiece, which was taken from DE 243 514 C. This document goes back to a registration from 1910. It illustrates the basic principle of skiving: The internally toothed workpiece a is rotated around a workpiece axis with a rotatable spindle on bed b. The tool c is rotated in the spindle d about a tool axis, this tool axis being skewed to the workpiece axis (here at an angle of 45 °). The tool is simultaneously advanced along the workpiece axis. The teeth of the tool have a helix angle that is selected so that the teeth of the tool and the workpiece mesh with one another. In the present example, the workpiece is straight-toothed on the inside and the helix angle on the tool is correspondingly 45 °. The teeth of the tool each form a continuous cutting edge on its end face, which extends along the two tooth flanks and the tooth head.
    2 shows a further principle view for skiving, here with an externally toothed workpiece. The workpiece 2 is rotated about the workpiece axis C1 (speed n-C1). The tool 1 is rotated about the tool axis B1
    CH 713 065 A1 (speed n-B1). The tool axis B1 is tilted relative to the workpiece axis C1. This tilt can be described by at least one angle Σ1. First you think of the workpiece axis and the tool axis parallel to each other. In this situation, a workpiece reference plane Cx and a tool reference plane Bx contain both the workpiece axis C1 and the tool axis B1. A second workpiece reference plane Cy, perpendicular to the former plane Cx, contains the workpiece axis C1. A second tool reference plane By contains the tool axis B1 and is perpendicular to the first tool reference plane Bx. In the initial situation, the levels Cx and Bx coincide and the levels Cy and By are parallel. The tool axis B1 is now tilted by at least a tilt angle Σ1 in the reference plane Cx. The levels Cx and Bx continue to coincide thereafter, while the levels Cy and By are tilted to each other by Σ1. Tilting creates a relative speed along the workpiece axis during rolling, i.e. a speed component that enables a cut in the first place. The tool axis B1 can then be tilted by a further tilt angle in the reference plane By if necessary. The effect of the second tilting is equivalent to a so-called rake offset, but in which the planes Cx and Bx are spaced apart. It is used to increase or decrease the clearance angle situation. Such tilting is also sometimes necessary in order to prevent collisions of the tool or tool holder with the workpiece, the device or other elements. The rotations of tool 1 and workpiece 2 are synchronized by means of CNC control 3. In addition, there is an axial feed Z1 parallel or anti-parallel to the workpiece axis C1. The settings for this are made by the operator on the control panel 4. The corresponding skiving machine with further axes and accessories is not shown.
    3 illustrates in part (3a) an individual cutting tooth 1.2.1 of a gear peeling tool which will be explained in more detail below. The cutting tooth defines a rake face 5.5 and a free face 5.3, between which a cutting edge 6 is formed. The cutting edge 6 extends here continuously from the tooth root on the left side of the tooth over the left flank, the tooth head and the right flank to the tooth root on the right side of the tooth. Three cutting edge points S1, S2, S3 are marked on the cutting edge 6 along the left flank.
    The parts (3b) to (3d) of FIG. 3 illustrate in a highly schematic manner, for example, a rake angle course when the cutting tooth passes through a tooth gap of a pre-toothed workpiece. It is assumed that the left flank on which the points S1-S3 are marked forms the leading flank. Typically, point S1 then comes into engagement with the workpiece before point S2; only then does point S3 follow.
    Part (3b) shows a rake angle curve at point S1 in a qualitative manner. At the pitch angle ξ1 a, point S1 comes into engagement with the workpiece for the first time and remains engaged up to the pitch angle ξ1 b. The rake angle y is always negative; it has the value γ1 a at the pitch angle ξ1 a, at which point S1 comes into contact for the first time, becomes more and more negative with increasing pitch angle and reaches its maximum y1b in terms of amount at the pitch angle at which point S1 again comes out of engagement with the workpiece , The exact course depends heavily on the specific circumstances (tool and workpiece geometry, machine kinematics, etc.).
    The point S2 comes into engagement only at a pitch angle ξ2θ and remains engaged up to a pitch angle ξ2b. Gilt2θ> ξ1 a and ξ2b> ξ1 b. The rake angle changes in this range from y2a to y2b. Iy2al> Iy1 al and Iy2bl> Iy1 bl apply. Metaphorically speaking, the rake angle curve at point S2 is shifted “to the right” (towards larger rolling angles) and “downwards” (towards more negative rake angles).
    Correspondingly, the rake angle curve at point S3 is shifted further towards larger rolling angles and more negative rake angles (so it applies ξ3θ> ξ2θ> ξ1θ, ξ3b> ξ2b> ξ1 ^ Iy3al> Iy2al> Ιγ1 al and Ιγ3Ν> Ιγ2Ν> Ιγ1 bl).
    The rake angle depends on the one hand on the point S1, S2, S3 on the cutting edge 6, and on the other hand the rake angle changes at each of these points depending on the rolling angle. The rake angle reaches a different absolute maximum value yb at each of the points, namely the maximum absolute value y1b at point S1, the maximum absolute value y2b at point S2 and the maximum maximum value y3b at point S3.
    4 illustrates a course of this maximum value in terms of amount for a real machining situation. It can be seen that the maximum amount at the incoming flank is initially almost constant, then becomes strongly negative in the head area, falls almost to zero at the transition to the outgoing flank and again varies significantly on the outgoing flank. For a specific manufacturing situation, the exact course of the rake angle depends heavily on various parameters, in particular the tool geometry, the workpiece geometry, the gear ratio (internal / external gear, helix angle) and the machine kinematics. It can be calculated using mathematical methods or 3D simulation. Suitable calculation methods are summarized in the dissertation Kühlewein. While the specific course of the rake angle depends strongly on various factors, most courses have in common that the maximum value of the rake angle varies greatly along the cutting edge.
    Such maxima for the rake angle γ, which fluctuate strongly in the course of the cutting edge, are disadvantageous since they can lead to uneven tool wear, uneven machining results and excessive alternating stresses. The present invention therefore proposes to somewhat smooth this course. How this can be achieved is illustrated in FIG. 5. As can be seen in part (5a) of FIG. 5, a rake face chamfer 7 is now provided between the rake face 5.5 and the cutting edge 6. This is characterized by a bevel angle yF, i.e. by the angle between the rake face 5.5 and the rake face chamfer 7 in the so-called Werk8
    CH 713 065 A1 tool cutting normal plane or wedge measuring plane according to DIN, i.e. in a plane that is perpendicular to the cutting edge at the point of the cutting edge under consideration. The bevel angle yF varies along the course of the cutting edge. In the drawings, the chamfers on the cutting tooth are generally shown schematically and enlarged. In reality, the chamfers have typical widths of a maximum of a few hundred micrometers and can therefore not be represented in real terms in the figures.
    In the present case, the bevel angle yF between points S1 and S3 decreases continuously, so that the following applies: yF1> yF2> yF3. The rake face 7 is everywhere so wide that the chip runs exclusively over the rake face. For this purpose, the rake face 7 is at least twice as wide as the chip thickness. As a result, the rake face 7 actually acts during machining, as did the rake face 5.5 previously. The bevel rake angle, which is formed during the machining of the rake face chamfer, effectively acts like the rake angle. It is therefore referred to below as the actual rake angle yO. The former rake face 5.5 becomes a mere reference face, which no longer has a direct influence on the cutting process. In addition, a free-surface chamfer 8 is provided, and the cutting edge 6 is rounded with a radius; however, these aspects can be disregarded for the moment.
    The parts (5b) to (5d) of FIG. 5 illustrate the effect that the rake face 7 now has on the course of the actual rake angle. At each of the points S1, S2 and S3, an actual rake angle is formed which is more negative by the respective bevel angle yF than if there were no rake face chamfer. The actual rake angle curve in FIGS. 5b to 5d (shown with dots) is thus shifted "downwards" by the respective bevel angle yF1, yF2 or yF3 compared to the original rake angle curve in FIGS. 3b to 3d (see the arrows in 5b to 5d).
    In this example, the bevel angles yF1, yF2 and yF3 are selected in such a way that the absolute maximum of the actual rake angle becomes identical at all three points S1, S2 and S3. This is illustrated in Fig. 5e. The course of the absolute maximum value yb of the rake angle for the situation in FIG. 3 is shown with a solid line. The course of the maximum amount of the de facto rake angle for the situation in FIG. 5 is illustrated in dashed lines. It can be seen that the absolute maximum value of the actual rake angle is now identical at all three cutting points S1, S2 and S3 and assumes the value ybmod. This was achieved by the bevel angle yF of the rake face bevel 7 correspondingly varying, that is to say in a suitable manner from the foot to the head of the cutting tooth.
    In this way, the course of the maximum amount can be "smoothed" in a desired manner and even kept largely constant.
    Instead of “smoothing” or even keeping the course of the maximum in terms of magnitude, a suitable mean value of the rake angle can also be formed for each cutting point, and the rake surface chamfer can be selected so that this mean value for the actual rake angle varies less than in the absence of the rake face or even constant. 3b to 3d and 5b to 5d, an average value ym, y2m and y3m is entered as an example for each cutting point S1, S2, S3, which is taken in each case at a pitch angle ξ1 m, ξ2ηι or ξ3ηι. It is obvious that the choice of the bevel angle shown leads to the fact that this mean value is also largely identical at all three cutting points S1, S2, S3.
    A suitable weighting can be carried out when the mean value is formed. For example, the rake angle at the roller angle at which the relevant cutting point comes into engagement for the first time can be weighted more than the rake angle at other roller angles. In extreme cases, the weighting gives the rake angle the weight 1 for a certain value of the rolling angle and the weight zero for all other values (the weighting thus represents a delta function to a certain extent). If e.g. Only weight 1 is given to the maximum amount of the rake angle and weight zero to all other rake angles, the averaging becomes equivalent to the selection of the maximum amount of the rake angle. In this respect, the weighted averaging described here can be viewed as a generalization of the selection of the maximum amount.
    In the above examples, only three cutting points had been selected. Of course, these considerations can be generalized to any number of cutting points.
    6 and 7 show a skiving tool 1 with a plurality of cutting teeth. FIG. 8 shows an exploded view of the tool 1, which shows the tool structure even better. The tool has a gear-shaped base body 1.1 and a plurality of cutting plates 1.2 attached to it, which are described in more detail below. The base body 1.1 has a central bore in the base body 1.1 with reference or base surfaces F1, F2, on which the tool is clamped on a spindle nose of a skiving machine known per se for rotation about a tool axis B1. The cutting plates 1.2 are positioned and fixed with their cutting teeth in the center of the teeth of the base body 1.1. A positioning disk 1.5 is used to position the cutting plates. The positioning disc with thickness Ds has positioning elements 1.5.1 on its outer circumference, which are designed to be complementary to corresponding holding elements of the cutting plates, which will be described in more detail below. The cutting plates 1.2 are arranged with the aid of the positioning elements 1.5.1 and the holding elements on the outer circumference of the positioning disc 1.5 and define a tip diameter Dk. In this case, a positive fit is formed between each holding element and the positioning disk 1.5 in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction. The inserts 1.2 have a slightly greater thickness than the thickness Ds of the positioning disk in order to facilitate targeted reworking of the inserts. They become permanent and firm with a connection layer 1.7
    CH 713 065 A1 connected to the base body 1.1. The connection layer 1.7 can be realized by means of gluing, soldering or other joining techniques. It has a thickness Dd.
    In the tooth head region of the base body 1.1, an indentation in the form of a twist in the depth of preferably approximately 0.03 to 0.05 millimeters can optionally take place. The thickness Dd of the connecting layer 1.7 thus increases in this area by the same amount. This stronger part has a positive effect on chip formation as a material and joint damper.
    The connecting layer is preferably electrically and thermally conductive. As a result, heat build-up and disruptive chip accumulation can be largely avoided when cutting with tool 1. The causes of these phenomena are the strong friction on the cutting edge and the resulting electrostatic charge. Suitable adhesives and solders are available on the market for these tasks.
    The finishing of the tool takes place only after gluing or soldering. First, the reference surfaces F1, F2 for concentric and axial runout are reworked on the base body. Then the cutting plates 1.2 are brought into the final shape.
    An RFID module 9 with sensors 10 is also indicated in FIG. 7. The RFID module 9 carries data on the tool geometry, in particular on the chamfer geometry of the cutting tooth 1.2 or a code (e.g. a serial number) which enables the corresponding data to be called up from a database. The sensors 10 measure the temperature, vibrations and structure-borne noise. They are operatively connected to the RFID module and its antenna system and can be read out without contact.
    9 to 12 show, analogously to FIGS. 6 to 8, the construction of a tool 1 with an additional gear-shaped auxiliary disk 1.6. This is applied with the aid of a second connecting layer 1.8 to the positioning disk 1.5 and the cutting plates 1.2 and in particular also covers at least one root area of the cutting teeth of the cutting plates 1.2. The auxiliary disk 1.6 is additionally connected to the base body 1.1 by means of connecting elements 1.9 and thus increases the stability of the tool.
    13 shows a blank for a cutting insert 1.2. This insert carries a single cutting tooth 1.2.1. The following areas of the cutting tooth are entered: tooth head Xk, tooth root Xf, left tooth flank Zli, right tooth flank Zre, rake surface 5.5, head flank surface 5.1, left head flank flank surface 5.21, left main flank surface 5.31 and left flank surface 5.41. The already mentioned holding elements 5.9 are arranged on the inner circumference of the blank, which interact with the positioning elements 1.5.1 of the positioning disk 1.5. An arch region 5.10 lies between the holding elements 5.9.
    13 carries only a single cutting tooth, it is also conceivable to form a plurality of cutting teeth on a single common cutting plate. 14 shows a blank for a cutting plate 1.3, which has the shape of a circular ring segment and carries three cutting teeth. Holding elements 5.9 are again arranged on the inner circumference of the blank, between which a circular segment 5.11 lies.
    Fig. 15 shows a blank for a cutting plate 1.4, which is completely circular and carries all cutting teeth of the tool. Also shown are the inner circumference 5.12, a positioning aid 5.13, the tip diameter Dk and the following open areas: right top corner free area 5.2r, right main free area 5.3r and right foot free area 5.4r. This shape of the insert is preferably used for relatively small tools, e.g. with a tip diameter Dk <60 mm. For tools with a diameter> 60 mm, on the other hand, inserts with individual teeth according to FIG. 12 or segment-shaped inserts with a limited number of teeth according to FIG. 13 are preferred.
    Regardless of the number of teeth per insert, the inserts are preferably made of super-hard materials such as Tungsten carbide with or without coating, PCBN, CBN, or PCD. They are cut out of semi-finished products with a minimum dimension compared to the finished contour. The thickness of the cutting plates is preferably 0.5 to 2 mm and should not exceed 5 mm for reasons of cost.
    16-18 show a cutting plate 1.2 with a single cutting tooth according to an embodiment of the present invention. The cutting tooth has a variable rake face 7, a free face 8 and a variable radius R along the entire cutting edge 6.
    The rake face 5.5, the rake face 7, the flanks 5.1,5.2I, 5.2r, 5.3I, 5.3r, 5.4I, 5.4r, the flank bevel 8 and the radii R can be for each point on the cutting edge 6 best characterize in the respective tool cutting edge normal plane, ie in a cutting plane fixed to the tool, which is perpendicular to the cutting edge 6 at its intersection with the cutting edge 6. 17 shows eight such levels by way of example. A first cutting plane EO cuts the cutting edge 6 on the tooth head. The other cutting planes are composed of a left and a right half-plane, the half-planes being connected in the middle of the tooth and generally enclosing an angle. In the example in FIG. 16, these are the left half-planes E1I, E2I, E3I, E4I, E5I, E6I, E7I and the right half-planes E1r, E2r, E3r, E4r, E5r, E6r, E7r. Each half-plane intersects the cutting edge 6 orthogonally. In practice, of course, a higher number of cutting planes can be used.
    18 shows a cross section through the cutting plate in the cutting plane E-E, (corresponding to the half-planes E2I, E2r). The cutting tooth defines the rake face 5.5 with its top. This runs orthogonal to the tool axis B1. The cutting tooth also defines a left main free surface 5.3I and a right main free surface
    CH 713 065 A1
    5.3r. These surfaces are inclined inwards with respect to the tool axis B1, so that the cutting tooth tapers downwards in a wedge shape. On the underside, the cutting tooth has a base surface 5.6 which runs parallel to the rake surface 5.5 and serves as a joining surface for connection to the base body 1.1.
    A left rake face 7.3I is formed on the rake face 5.5 along the left tooth flank as part of the rake face 7. This has a width Bli (in the standards mentioned, this width is also referred to as bf Y ) and is inclined by a bevel angle γ1 with respect to the rake face 5.5. The width Bli is chosen so that during hard fine machining the chip thickness is always smaller than the width Bli, so that the chip runs exclusively over the chip face chamfer 7. The width Bli is preferably at least twice the chip thickness or at least 100 micrometers. A right rake face 7.3r is formed on the rake face 5.5 as part of the rake face 7 along the right tooth flank. This has a width Bre, which can differ from the width Bli, and a right bevel angle γ2, which can differ from the left bevel angle γ1.
    On the left main open area 5.3I, a left open area chamfer 8.3I is also formed as part of the open area chamfer 8. This has a width bli (also referred to as b fct in the standards mentioned) and is inclined at an angle a1 with respect to the left main free surface 5.3I. Correspondingly, a right open-space chamfer 8.3r is formed on the right main free surface 5.3r as part of the free-surface chamfer 8. This has a width bre and is inclined at an angle a2 with respect to the right main free surface 5.3r. Both main free surfaces are inclined at an angle α to the tool axis B1.
    The cutting edge 6 is formed between the rake face 7 and the free face bevel 8. In particular, a left main cutting edge 6.3I is formed between the left rake face 7.3I and the left flank face 8.3I. Correspondingly, a right main cutting edge 6.3r is formed between the right face chamfer 7.3r and the right flank chamfer 8.3r. The chamfer angles γ1, γ2 and the widths Bli, Bre of the rake chamfers change continuously in the course of the cutting edge 6. The cutting edge 6 lies in a plane Es which runs below the rake face 5.5 and parallel to it.
    In the embodiment of FIGS. 16-18, the width Bli of the left rake face 7.3I increases continuously along the left tooth flank from the tooth head Xk to the tooth root Xf. The bevel angle yl between the left rake face 7.3I and the rake face 5.5 decreases continuously from the tooth tip Xk to the tooth root Xf. On the other hand, the situation is reversed along the right tooth flank: The width Bre of the right face chamfer 7.3I decreases slightly but continuously along the right tooth flank from the tooth tip Xk to the tooth root Xf. The chamfer angle γ2 between the right rake face 7.3I and the rake face 5.5, on the other hand, increases slightly from the tooth tip Xk to the tooth root Xf. The cutting edge 6 is rounded with a radius R, this radius preferably being designed with values between 10% and 40% of the chip thickness to be expected from the calculation.
    On the tooth head, the rake face chamfers 7.2I, 7.2r and 7.1 located there continue the rake face chamfers 7.3I and 7.3r along the flanks, as is the rake face chamfer 7.4I, 7.4r on the tooth base. Furthermore, the limit curve 7.5 of the rake face 7 is shown. This limits the rake face or reference face to the various rake face bevels.
    Further variants are shown by way of example in FIGS. 19 and 20. Thus, in the embodiment of FIG. 19, the widths Bli, Bre of the rake chamfer 7 increase continuously along the left and along the right tooth flank from the tooth head Xk to the tooth root Xf, while in FIG. 20 they decrease continuously along the two flanks. Accordingly, the bevel angles γ1 and γ2 of the rake face bevels 7 decrease continuously from the tooth head Xk to the tooth root Xf in FIG. 19, while they increase continuously in FIG. 20.
    21-23 show in various views an example of a variant in which there is no free-space chamfer 8. Otherwise, this variant corresponds to the embodiments in FIGS. 16-18. The cutting edge 6 is here formed between the rake face and the free face.
    The invention was explained above using exemplary embodiments. Of course, a variety of modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
    For example, the holding elements and the complementary positioning elements for positioning the cutting plates can also be configured differently. Instead of on a positioning disk, positioning elements can also be formed directly on the base body. The holding elements do not need to form fit with the positioning elements; it may also be sufficient that they serve as pure positioning aids.
    REFERENCE SIGN LIST [0089]
    Wälzschälwerkzeug
    1.1 Basic body
    1.2. Single tooth insert
    1.2.1 Cutting tooth
    CH 713 065 A1
    1.3 Cutting insert in the form of a circular ring segment 1.4 Cutting plate as a complete circular ring with all cutting teeth 1.5 positioning disc 1.5.1 positioning 1.6 auxiliary disc 1.7 Connection layer with insulation layer 1.8 link layer 1.9 connecting element 2 Workpiece with teeth 3 CNC Control 4 control panel 5.1 Head open space 5.2I, 5.2r Left corner area, right corner area 5.3I, 5.3r Main open space on the left, main open space on the right 5.4I, 5.4r Left foot space, right foot space 5.5 clamping surface 5.6 footprint 5.9 retaining element 5.10 arch area 5.11 circular segment 5.12 inner circumference 5.13 positioning 6 cutting edge 6.3i left main cutting edge 6.3r right main cutting edge 7 Spanflächenfase 7.1 Rake face, head cutting edge 7.2I, 7.2r Rake chamfer left head corner, rake chamfer right corner 7.3I, 7.3r Rake face left main cutting edge, rake face right main cutting edge 7.4I, 7.4r Rake chamfer left foot cutting, rake chamfer right foot cutting 7.5 Boundary curve of the rake face to the rake face 8th Freiflächenfase 8.1 Open bevel, head cutting edge 8.2I, 8.2r Open area chamfer on left head corner, free area chamfer on right head corner 8.3I, 8.3r Open area chamfer left main cutting edge, free area chamfer right main cutting edge 8.4I, 8.4r Open area chamfer left foot cutting edge, free area chamfer right foot cutting edge
    CH 713 065 A1
    RFID module with antenna
    Sensors for temperature, vibrations and structure-borne noise
    A ... F
    Bli
    Bre bli bre
    B1
    Bx
    by
    cx
    Cy
    C1
    ds
    dd
    dk
    E1I ... E7I, EO
    E1R ... E7R
    It
    F1, F2, F3
    R
    S1, S2, S3
    xk
    xf
    Z1
    zli
    Zre
    Detail or cut surface or outbreak in the figures
    Width of the rake face, left tooth flank
    Width of the rake face, right tooth flank
    Width of the flank, left tooth flank
    Width of the flank, right tooth flank
    Rotation axis of the tool spindle (tool axis)
    Tool reference plane in the X direction
    Tool reference plane in the Y direction
    Workpiece reference plane in the X direction
    Workpiece reference plane in the Y direction
    Rotation axis of the workpiece spindle (workpiece axis)
    Thickness of the cutting plate increased thickness of the connection and insulation layer
    Tip diameter of the tool
    Cutting planes, left and center as well as perpendicular to the cutting edges Cutting planes, right and perpendicular to the cutting edges parallel plane to the rake face, in which the cutting edges are reference surfaces on the tool
    radius
    cutting points
    Tooth head area
    The root region,
    Axial feed left tooth flank right tooth flank a clearance angle cd chamfer free angle, left tooth flank a2 chamfer free angle, right tooth flank ß wedge angle γ rake angle
    7O actual rake angle γ1 bevel angle, left tooth flank
    CH 713 065 A1 y1a, 72a, 73a 71b, 72b, 73b y1m, γ2ηι, 73m 7F
    7FI, 7F2, 7F3
    Tbmod
    Σ1 ξ
    ξ-la, ξ2θ, ξ3θ ξ1 ^ £, 2b, ξ3b ξ1 m, ξ2ηι, ξ3ηι
    Chamfer angle, right tooth flank
    Rake angle during the first intervention
    Rake angle weighted average rake angle at the end of the procedure
    bevel angle
    Chamfer angle maximum amount of the chamfer rake angle Tool setting angle to plane Cx rolling angle
    Rolling angle at the first intervention
    Roll angle at the end of the procedure
    Rolling angles at which weighted average values are reached
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Tool for skiving peeling pre-toothed workpieces (2), comprising:
    a gear-shaped base body (1.1) which defines a tool axis (B1) and which defines a tip circle (Dk) on one end face and one or more cutting plates (1.2; 1.3; 1.4) which are located on the face side in the area of the tip circle (Dk) on the base body ( 1.1) are arranged, the cutting plates (1.2; 1.3; 1.4) each having at least one cutting tooth (1.2.1), the cutting tooth (1.2.1) forming a cutting edge (6) which extends at least along one flank of the cutting tooth (1.2 .1), and the cutting tooth has a rake face (5.5) assigned to the cutting edge (6) and a free face (5.1-5.4) assigned to the cutting edge (6), characterized in that the rake face (5.5) along the cutting edge (5.5) 6) is provided with a rake face (7) which is inclined by a bevel angle (71, 72) to the rake face (5.5) and that the bevel angle (71, 72) varies in the course of the cutting edge (6).
    [2]
    2. Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the bevel angle (71, 72) in the course of the cutting edge (6) along at least one of the flanks from the tooth head (Xk) to the tooth base (Xf) increases or decreases continuously.
    [3]
    3. Tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rake face (7) has a width of at least 50 microns.
    [4]
    4. Tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rake face (7) has a width (Bre, Bli) which varies in the course of the cutting edge (6).
    [5]
    5. Tool according to claim 4, characterized in that the width (Bre, Bli) of the rake face (7) in the course of the cutting edge (6) along at least one of the flanks from the tooth tip (Xk) to the tooth base (Xf) increases or decreases continuously ,
    [6]
    6. Tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting edge (6) of the cutting tooth is rounded off with a radius (R), the radius (R) preferably being at least 15 micrometers and optionally increasing from the tooth base to the tooth head.
    [7]
    7. Tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rake faces (5.5) of all cutting teeth (1.2.1) are arranged in a common plane, the common plane being orthogonal to the tool axis (B1).
    [8]
    8. Tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cutting plates (1.2; 1.3; 1.4) are materially connected to the grand body (1.1), forming a connecting layer (1.7).
    [9]
    9. Tool according to claim 8, characterized in that the connecting layer (1.7) in the region of the tooth tip (Xk) of the cutting teeth (1.2.1) is thicker than in the region of the tooth base (Xf).
    [10]
    10. Tool according to claim 9, characterized in that the base body (1.1) in the region of its tip circle (Dk) has a front-side depression, the depression preferably having a depth of 30 to 50 micrometers, and that the connecting layer (1.7) in extends into the area of the depression.
    CH 713 065 A1
    [11]
    11. Tool according to one of claims 8-10, characterized in that the tool has a positioning disc (1.5) which has positioning elements (1.5.1) on its outer circumference;
    that the cutting plates (1.2; 1.3; 1.4) are arranged on the outer circumference of the positioning disc (1.5), and that the cutting plates (1.2: 1.3; 1.4) are provided on the inside with holding elements (5.9) which are complementary to the positioning elements (1.5.1) are designed and produce a positive connection between the positioning disc (1.5) and the cutting plates (1.2; 1.3; 1.4) with respect to a radial and / or tangential direction.
    [12]
    12. Tool according to one of claims 8-11, characterized in that the tool has a gear-shaped auxiliary disc (1.6), and that the cutting plates (1.2; 1.3; 1.4) are arranged axially between the base body (1.1) and the auxiliary disc (1.6) and are firmly connected, preferably glued or soldered, to both the base body (1.1) and the auxiliary disk (1.6).
    [13]
    13. Tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each cutting plate (1.3) is of circular arc shape and has a plurality of cutting teeth (1.2.1), the cutting teeth (1.2.1) circumferentially along a circular arc segment on the cutting plate ( 1.3) are arranged, and wherein the cutting plates (1.3) form a circular ring overall.
    [14]
    14. Tool according to one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the tool has a single annular cutting plate (1.4), the cutting teeth being arranged on the outside of the cutting plate (1.4).
    [15]
    15. Tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an RFID module (10) is arranged in or on the base body (1.1), which is provided with a memory, an identification code for uniquely identifying the tool being stored in the memory, and / or wherein data on the tool geometry, in particular data on the geometry of the chip face chamfer, are stored and can be read out from the memory in a contactless manner and / or can be changed in the memory, and / or the RFID module has at least one sensor for detecting temperature and vibrations or carries structure-borne noise that can be read and / or controlled without contact.
    [16]
    16. A method for producing a tool, comprising providing a gear-shaped base body (1.1) which defines a tool axis (B1) and which defines a tip circle (Dk) on one end face, and one or more cutting plates (1.2; 1.3; 1.4), which are arranged on the end face in the area of the tip circle (Dk) on the base body (1.1), the cutting plates (1.2; 1.3; 1.4) each having at least one cutting tooth (1.2.1), the cutting tooth (1.2.1) having a cutting edge (6 ), which runs along at least one flank of the cutting tooth (1.2.1), and wherein the cutting tooth has a rake face (5.5) assigned to the cutting edge (6) and a free surface (5.1-5.4) assigned to the cutting edge (6), the Cutting plates (1.2; 1.3; 1.4) are materially connected to the base body (1.1) on the end face, characterized in that the cutting plates (1.2; 1.3; 1.4) are finished after they have been attached to the base body (1.1), the rake face ( 5.5) is provided along the cutting edge (6) with a rake face chamfer (7) which is inclined by a bevel angle (γ1, γ2) to the rake face (5.5), and the bevel angle (γ1, γ2) in the course of the cutter (6) varied.
    [17]
    17. A method for fine machining a pre-toothed workpiece by skiving with a tool according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein the workpiece (2) is rotated about a workpiece axis (C1), the tool (1) in rolling engagement with the workpiece (2) is rotated about a tool axis (B1) oriented obliquely to the workpiece axis (C1), the rolling engagement defining a rolling angle, and the tool (1) being advanced axially parallel or antiparallel to the workpiece axis (C1), characterized in that the rake face (5.5 ) each cutting tooth (1.2.1) along the cutting edge (6) is provided with a rake face (7) which is inclined by a bevel angle (γ1, γ2) to the rake face (5.5), the bevel angle (γ1, γ2) along the Cutting edge (6) varies, and that the chips that form during the passage of the cutting edge (6) of a cutting tooth (1.2.1) through a tooth gap of the workpiece (2) exclusively over the rake faces ase (7) so that the rake face (5.5) only acts as a reference face.
    [18]
    18. The method according to claim 17, wherein during the passage of the cutting edge (6) of a cutting tooth (1.2.1) through a tooth gap of the workpiece (2) at each point of the cutting edge (6) a bevel rake angle, based on the rake face, is formed, which acts as a factual rake angle, the bevel rake angle at each cutting point being dependent on the pitch angle during the passage of the cutting edge (6) through the tooth gap, and the bevel angle (γ1, γ2) along the cutting edge (6) is so varied that a reference value of the bevel rake angle, calculated at a fixed point of the cutting edge (6) over the passage of the cutting edge (6) of a cutting tooth (1.2.1) through the tooth gap, changes less strongly along the cutting edge than the corresponding one
    CH 713 065 A1 would change the corresponding reference value for the rake angle if there was no rake face chamfer and the rake would run directly over the rake face (5.5).
    [19]
    19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the bevel angle (γ1, γ2) along the cutting edge is designed such that the bevel angle is negative in the entire course of the cutting edge and its maximum value in the range from -5 ° to - 40 °, preferably -20 ° to -35 °.
    [20]
    20. The method according to any one of claims 17-19, wherein the rake face (7) along the entire cutting edge (6) has a width (Bre, Bli) which is greater than the maximum thickness of the during the passage of the cutting edge (6) by a chip forming a tooth gap of the workpiece (2), preferably at least twice as large.
    [21]
    21. Use of a tool according to one of claims 1-15 for hard fine machining of pre-toothed workpieces (2) by skiving.
    CH 713 065 A1
    maximum
    The rake angle runs along the cutting edge
    CH 713 065 A1 (c) (d)
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    TW201817518A|2018-05-16|
    CN109843492A|2019-06-04|
    EP3528989A1|2019-08-28|
    US11192197B2|2021-12-07|
    US20190255635A1|2019-08-22|
    WO2018073047A1|2018-04-26|
    CH713065B1|2020-11-30|
    EP3528989B1|2020-11-25|
    JP2019531912A|2019-11-07|
    CN109843492B|2020-10-20|
    KR20190073417A|2019-06-26|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH01412/16A|CH713065B1|2016-10-21|2016-10-21|Tool for power skiving of pre-cut workpieces.|CH01412/16A| CH713065B1|2016-10-21|2016-10-21|Tool for power skiving of pre-cut workpieces.|
    CN201780065340.4A| CN109843492B|2016-10-21|2017-10-10|Hobbing tool and method for hard finishing of pre-toothed workpieces|
    EP17780435.8A| EP3528989B1|2016-10-21|2017-10-10|Hob peeling tool and method for hard-fine machining of pre-toothed workpieces|
    PCT/EP2017/075792| WO2018073047A1|2016-10-21|2017-10-10|Hob peeling tool and method for hard-fine machining of pre-toothed workpieces|
    JP2019520415A| JP2019531912A|2016-10-21|2017-10-10|Skiving tooland method for carbide precision machining of previously machined workpieces|
    KR1020197013092A| KR20190073417A|2016-10-21|2017-10-10|Hobby peeling tool for hard finishing workpieces with pre-machined teeth|
    US16/342,079| US11192197B2|2016-10-21|2017-10-10|Hob peeling tool and method for hard-fine machining of pre-toothed workpieces|
    TW106135930A| TWI747972B|2016-10-21|2017-10-19|Hob peeling tool for the hard fine machining of workpieces having pre-machined teeth and method for producing and using the tool|
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