• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for counting distinguishable regions in a liquid contained in a container, said differentiable regions comprising substance different from said liquid, and wherein said liquid and at least a part of the container wall are permeable to electromagnetic radiation Spectral range are. The method comprises the steps: i. Generating a movement of said liquid relative to said container; ii. imaging at least n times moving liquid through said transmissive portion of the wall in said spectral range, where n is at least 2, thereby generating n image data sets; iii. Generating at least one result image data set that is free of common image data by disregarding the image data common to the n image data sets; iv. Determining the number of distinguishable regions imaged by said at least one result image data set.
    公开号:CH713057A1
    申请号:CH01395/16
    申请日:2016-10-18
    公开日:2018-04-30
    发明作者:Wertli Anton；Stirnimann Christian
    申请人:Wilco Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description: The invention addressed here relates to a method for counting distinguishable areas in a liquid.
    With regard to further aspects, the invention relates to a method for verifying the number of distinct regions determined by the method, a device for determining the number of distinguishable regions in a liquid, a device for generating a controlled bubble rate, a device for verification the number of distinguishable regions, a method of identifying particles in a liquid, a method of detecting a container filled with a liquid contaminated with at least one particle, and a method of reducing false positives in quality control ,
    When filling liquids in containers, undesirable substances can be mistakenly introduced into the liquid. There is a need to detect the presence of such undesirable substances in liquids filled in containers, in such a manner that these containers can be excluded from further processing. Particularly in the field of pharmaceutical agents, vaccines and the like, the quality control requirements are high.
    The object of the present invention is to provide a very reliable way of inspecting liquid-filled containers with regard to distinguishable regions in the liquid.
    This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
    The inventive method is a method for counting distinguishable areas in a liquid which is located in a container, said distinguishable areas comprising a substance which differs from said liquid, and wherein said liquid and at least a part of the container wall permeable for electromagnetic radiation of a spectral range. The inventive method comprises the steps: i. Generating a movement of said liquid relative to said container; ii. imaging at least n times moving liquid through said transmissive portion of the wall in said spectral range, where n is at least 2, thereby generating n image data sets; iii. Generating at least one result image data set that is free of common image data by disregarding the image data common to the n image data sets; iv. Determining the number of distinguishable regions that are mapped in at least one of the result image data sets.
    Containers that may be used in this process may be plastic or glass vials, or plastic bags. The containers must have at least one permeable wall section.
    Distinctive areas in the liquid may include solids, particles, gas bubbles, liquid drops (emulsion) and very generally dispersed substances other than the liquid.
    These distinguishable areas move together with the liquid and they block or scatter light or other electromagnetic radiation so that they can be imaged.
    [0010] The inventors have found that such distinguishable regions can be distinguished from other irregularities in an image of the liquid obtained through a permeable part of the container wall when distinguishable regions move between two successive images and other objects in the image, trapped the container, possible light reflections on it and the background does not move. The liquid moving relative to the container carries with it the distinguishable regions appearing as imaged distinguishable regions at different locations in different image data sets generated in imaging step 2.
    A result image data set that is free from common image data by disregarding the image data common to the N image data sets can be created, for example, for the precipitate n = 2 by subtracting the intensity levels of corresponding pixels of the two image data sets and by disregarding the pixels where the resulting difference is closer to 0 than at a predetermined value. In this way, parts that did not move between capturing the image data sets, such as the background and the container, do not contribute to the result image data set. For n greater 2, more advanced algorithms can be applied to identify portions of image data that are common to all n image data sets and to remove them to create a result image data set. Such a result image data set contains the mapped distinguishable regions identified in step 4 of the method.
    In an embodiment of the method according to the invention, which can be combined with any of the embodiments to be mentioned, if not in contradiction thereto, the method comprises generating m said result image data sets, m <n, combining said m result Image records to another
    Generating a result image data set, counting the number of distinct regions mapped in said further result image data set, and dividing by m the number of resulting mapped distinguishable regions.
    Combining m result image data sets can be performed, for example, by superimposing the m result image data sets to create another image data set having the same number of pixels, or by juxtaposing the m result image data sets with another image data set which has m times the number of pixels of a single result image data set.
    By means of this embodiment of the method, it is possible to identify some distinguishable areas which would have remained hidden without this additional step of this embodiment. Possible mechanisms leading to hidden distinguishable areas may be objects that obscure the view of a distinguishable area or movement of the distinguishable area perpendicular to the receiving plane. Such distinguishable regions may appear in earlier or later result image data sets. By combining multiple result image data sets, the proportion of unrecognized distinguishable regions decreases.
    In one embodiment of the inventive method, which can be combined with any of the already mentioned and each of the embodiments to be mentioned, if not in contradiction, said step i comprises the filling of said liquid in said container.
    Convection in the liquid, which is generated at the moment of filling the liquid in the container, leads to a sufficient relative movement of the liquid to the container. The presence of this movement can be exploited to carry out the additional steps ii to iv of the process in a time after filling before the convection movement is slowed down.
    In one embodiment of the inventive method, which can be combined with any of the already mentioned and each of the embodiments to be mentioned, if not inconsistent, said step i comprises moving said container during filling or after filling, in particular by Rotate said container.
    The agitation can be carried out in a manner in which strong turbulence or turbulence is avoided, with the aim of preventing the introduction of bubbles by the movement. Rotationally symmetric containers can be rotated about their axis of rotation to induce rotational movement of the liquid within the container.
    In one embodiment of the inventive method which can be combined with any of the already mentioned and each yet to be mentioned embodiments, if not in contradiction, said step ii is performed in the visible light spectral range or in the infrared range.
    To increase the contrast of the image, strong illumination or flashlight may be applied in the spectral region used for imaging. Strong lighting can be used to ensure that distinguishable areas of diameters as small as 50 microns are illuminated sufficiently strong to be detectable. Light used for illumination may be white light or monochromatic light, such as light from a high intensity red LED beam or an infrared LED. A refresh rate of image acquisition of, for example, 10 to 20 frames per second may be suitable for properly identifying moving distinguishable areas.
    Further within the scope of the invention is a method of verifying the number of distinct areas. This method can be combined with any of the above-mentioned embodiment and each embodiment to be mentioned, unless contradicted.
    The method for verifying the number of distinguishable regions determined by the above-mentioned method of the invention comprises the steps of: a) introducing a first end of a capillary into a liquid in a container; b) supplying a second end of the capillary with a gas regulated pressure; c) creating gas bubbles by introducing said gas through said capillary into said liquid in the container; d) determining the number of gas bubbles in said liquid; e) repeating step c) and exposing the liquid to steps ii to iv of claim 1; f) comparing the determined number of gas bubbles with the number of distinct regions imaged in said at least one result image data set.
    The inventors have recognized that this method makes it possible to produce a well-defined number and well-defined size of gas bubbles in the liquid. These gas bubbles are then identified as distinguishable regions in the liquid. A movement of the bubbles is generated by step c), so that in step e) the steps ii to iv can be carried out directly after step c), the generation of the gas bubbles. The capillary used in this process may have a diameter in the range of 50 to 250 microns. The applied pressure can be in the mbar range. The length and the diameter of the capillary determine the flow resistance. Together with the pressure applied, these quantities can be selected to provide a suitable volume flow of gas entering the liquid. The volume of gas entering the liquid determines the number of bubbles for given conditions of bubble production. The number of bubbles produced can therefore be controlled by adjusting the time during which a constant volume flow of gas enters the liquid.
    In one embodiment of the inventive method, which can be combined with any of the already mentioned and each of the embodiments to be mentioned, unless contradictory, step d) is carried out manually, in particular in real time or delayed by means of a recording, such as a shot of an image or a video.
    If the number of distinguishable regions, i. In this case, the number of bubbles, low, to about 20, the method can be performed in real time and by means of a human eye. With a larger number, the determination of the number can be carried out by analyzing previously acquired images or a movie.
    The invention is further directed to an apparatus for determining the number of distinct regions in a liquid. It is a device for determining the number of distinguishable regions in a liquid contained in a container, wherein the device is designed to carry out the method according to the invention. The device comprises: a carrier for a container containing a liquid, said liquid and at least a part of the container wall being permeable to electromagnetic radiation of a spectral region, and wherein said carrier is optionally movable, in particular rotatable; at least one image capture device positioned such that the optical axis of the image capture device intersects at least the transmissive portion of the container wall; an image capture control unit adapted to trigger said at least one image capture device n times, where n is at least 2; - An evaluation unit for generating at least one result image data set that is free of common data, and for determining the number of distinguishable areas that are mapped in said at least one result image data set.
    The image capture device may be, for example, a digital camera. The image acquisition control unit and / or the evaluation unit can be implemented as a microcontroller or microprocessor. The triggering of the image capture device may be accomplished by sending trigger signals via an electrical or wireless interface. In the case of a video camera, only the start signal, stop signal and frame rate need to be transmitted. The evaluation unit may be a computer equipped with image processing software. The evaluation unit can be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) especially suitable for image processing.
    The invention is further directed to a device for generating a controlled bubble rate, the device comprising: a container for receiving a liquid; a source of compressed gas; a capillary in controllable fluid communication with said source of compressed gas and operatively connected to said container.
    Such an apparatus may be used to carry out the inventive method of verifying the number of distinctable areas. The source of compressed gas may be a pressure cylinder or a pump. The controllable fluid connection may be implemented as a pressure reducing valve, which may additionally be combined with a two-way valve, in particular with an electromagnetically controllable two-way valve. The liquid used in the device may be, for example, water, alcohol or glycerin. The liquid may be selected to be identical to that to be used in the methods of the invention so that the behavior of the bubbles produced by the controlled bubble rate device is comparable to a realistic one. Viscosity and density of the liquid influence the size, the movement behavior etc. of the generated bubbles and influence the choice of suitable liquids. The container may have an opening to the ambient pressure to ensure constant pressure conditions over a longer sequence of bubble production.
    The invention is further directed to an apparatus for verifying the number of distinguishable areas. The device for verifying the number of distinguishable regions is provided to carry out the method according to the invention for counting distinguishable regions in a liquid, and comprises the device according to the invention
    Device for determining the number of distinguishable regions of a liquid in a container and the device according to the invention for producing a controlled number of bubbles.
    Further within the scope of the invention is a method of identifying particles in a liquid in a container, said liquid and at least a portion of the container wall being transmissive to electromagnetic radiation of a spectral region, the method comprising the steps of: - automatic Filling said container with said liquid; - monitoring the number of distinguishable regions in said liquid filled in said container by an imaging method operating in said spectral region; Decreasing the rate of distinguishable areas in said momentarily automatically bottled liquid and / or decreasing the rate of distinguishable areas in said one after the other automatically bottled liquid in successive tanks, said decreasing being carried out by adjusting at least one of the filling parameters of said instantaneous and / or sequential automatic filling, thereby producing liquid-filled containers with a minimum of distinguishable regions, remaining remaining distinguishable regions being at least predominantly identifiable as particles, and further generating a set of filling parameters which reduces the rate of distinguishable regions.
    The automatic filling step of the method can be carried out in an automatic ampoule filling machine for medicaments or vaccines. The filling parameters may include a volume flow of the liquid during filling, a height from which the liquid is dispersed into the container and / or temperature and pressure of the liquid. The steps of the process can be repeated for each filled container. Adjustment of the filling parameters may be carried out after filling and monitoring a batch of a plurality of containers. Such batch optimization may be performed as soon as the number of detectable distinguishable regions is so low that the result of individual containers can not be interpreted as an indication of improvement (for example, if there are zero distinguishable regions in most containers). Decreasing the rate of distinguishable ranges can be achieved over a longer series of incremental improvements to the filling parameters. In summary, the method can be used to evaluate parameters in an automatic filling process and to optimize the process with the aim of reducing bubbles.
    In an embodiment of the method according to the invention for identifying particles in a liquid, which can be combined with any of the already mentioned and each of the embodiments to be mentioned, if not in contradiction, the method according to the invention comprises identifying particles in a liquid further the step of determining the number of identified particles.
    The inventors have found that after carrying out the method for identifying particles in a liquid as described above, the additional step of determining the number of identified particles as a result provides the number of solid particles in the liquid, as the Presence of gas bubbles is largely eliminated by the previous steps of the process. This procedure can lay the foundation for successful particle testing in pharmaceutical containers.
    In an embodiment of the method according to the invention for identifying particles in a liquid, which can be combined with any of the already mentioned and each of the embodiments to be mentioned, if not in contradiction, the monitoring step comprises: i. Generating a movement of said liquid relative to said container; ii. Imaging at least n times said moving liquid in said spectral range through said transmissive wall portion, where n is at least 2, thereby generating n image data sets; .ii. Generating at least one result image data set which is free from common image data by disregarding the image data common to the n image data sets; iv. Determining the number of distinguishable regions that are mapped in said at least one result image data set.
    Since the monitoring step according to this embodiment includes the same steps as the method according to claim 1, comments made in view of the method according to claim 1 also apply to the present embodiment.
    In one embodiment of the method according to the invention for identifying particles in a liquid, which can be combined with any of the already mentioned embodiments and any other embodiments to be mentioned, unless otherwise contradictory, the movement is generated by the automatic filling.
    The automatic filling, for example carried out by a filling plant, at the moment in which the liquid is filled in the container, to convection, and thereby to a sufficient relative movement of the liquid to the container itself, lead. The presence of this movement can be exploited to carry out the additional steps ii to iv of the process in a period after filling before the convection slows down.
    In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, which can be combined with any of the already mentioned embodiments and any other embodiments to be mentioned, if not in contradiction, the adaptation is carried out by means of a negative feedback whose target variable has a minimum observed number of distinguishable regions is.
    Such negative feedback may include storing the results of multiple adjustments of the filling parameters and the corresponding effect on the number of distinguishable regions. If an adjustment of the filling parameter results in a reduction of the observed number of distinguishable regions, the direction of the adaptation can be maintained for a further adaptation step. However, as the number of distinguishable ranges increases, the direction of adjustment is reversed for further adjustments.
    The invention is further directed to a method for detecting a container contaminated with at least one particle. This method is a method of detecting a container among a plurality of filled containers, said container being filled with a liquid contaminated with at least one particle, said liquid and at least a portion of the wall of the container being permeable to electromagnetic Are radiation of a spectral range. The method comprises the steps of: filling the plurality of containers by using a setup of filling parameters that reduce the rate of distinguishable areas and which have been obtained by the method according to the invention; - monitoring the number of distinct regions in the liquid for each of said filled containers by an imaging process operating in said spectral region; - Deciding for which filled container the number of distinguishable regions is at least 1 and thereby detecting the container which is filled with a liquid contaminated with at least one particle.
    The inventors have found that when the number of distinguishable regions is once low, the number of bubbles is almost eliminated and the observed distinguishable regions are likely to be solid particles. The low number of distinguishable regions is achieved when optimized filling parameters, as determined by means of the method according to the invention, are used.
    The invention is further directed to a method of reducing false-positives in the quality control of liquid-filled containers with respect to particle contamination, comprising the steps of the inventive method of detecting a container contaminated with at least one particle.
    The inventors have found that in the quality control, in terms of contamination with particles, the cases of actual contamination with solid particles are extremely rare and may be in ppm (parts per million) range. Most cases of detected distinguishable regions are therefore false positive findings, i. false alarm. If the distinguishable areas are gas bubbles, they disappear after a certain time and cause no problems. However, they are detected as distinguishable areas and cause a false alarm.
    The rate of occurrence of false positives in the quality control of expensive fluids, such as vaccines or drugs, can make a significant contribution to the final production cost of the filled fluid dose, since the appropriate dose must either be completely sorted out or at least undergo further testing must be in order to exclude contamination. The inventive method of detecting a container contaminated with at least one particle reduces the number of bubbles generated by the filling and handling of the containers and thereby reduces the number of false positives in quality control for particle contamination.
    In the methods discussed above, the time difference between two consecutive mappings can be of the order of 10 to 1000 milliseconds, and more preferably 100 milliseconds. Exposure times, shutter speeds, or the duration of a flash to capture the images can be a fraction of a delay between two consecutive shots to get sharp images.
    Filling parameters can be: pressure, temperature of the liquid to be filled in containers, diameter of lines or nozzles or pipette tips, volume flow of the liquid, the height from which the liquid is dispersed in a container, etc.
    The invention will now be explained with reference to figures. Show it:
    1 shows a schematic flow diagram of the method according to the invention;
    Fig. 2a is a schematic example for generating result image data sets which are free from common image data, as can be done in step iii of the methods according to claim 1 and claim 13;
    Fig. 3a: a schematic representation of an apparatus for generating a controlled bubble rate.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    Fig. 1 shows schematically a flow chart of the inventive method. Steps i to iv, i. the generation of a movement 11, the at least n-times recording 12, the generation 13 of at least one result image data set and the determination 14 of the number of mapped distinguishable regions follow one another in a sequence. These are steps of a method of counting distinguishable areas in a liquid in a container. The distinguishable regions include substance that differs from said liquid, and the liquid and at least a portion of the container wall are transmissive to electromagnetic radiation of a spectral region. The result of the method is the number of distinct areas. Fig. 2 shows schematically, as an example, the creation of m = 3 result image data sets 211, 212, 213, which are derived from n = 4 image data sets 201, 202, 203, 204, which are obtained in a temporal step sequence were. Only a small part of the image data sets, which comprises 8x8 pixels, is shown. Different hatches indicate different shades of gray or intensities in the image data. Moving objects the size of a single pixel, as well as static objects, which may be a wall of the container, are visible in the current example. By forming the difference between successive image data sets in pairs, unchanged parts of the image data sets can be removed. These parts, which correspond to common image data in the two image data sets, are removed - here shown in black. For example, the difference between the image data sets 201 and 202 results in the result image data set 211. The pixels in which a change occurs that corresponds to a moving object are shown in the result image data sets 211, 212, 213 in white. The mapped discernible regions 221, 222, 223, 224, 225 may be readily identified with the mapped discernible regions 221, 222, 223 forming part of the same distinguishable region in the fluid. The other mapped distinguishable regions 224, 225 belong to another distinguishable region in the liquid that has moved only slightly between the capture of the image data set 201 and 202. Therefore, no corresponding mapped distinguishable region can be found in the result image data set 211. According to one embodiment of the method, a combination of the - in this case m = 3 - result image data sets 211, 212 and 213 results in a further result image data set and the number of mapped distinguishable regions in the further result image data set and divided by m , in this case results in 5/3 = 1.666. This result is closer to the actual number of distinguishable regions, which is 2, than it would have been a result derived only from the result image data set 211. FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a device 300 for generating a controlled bubble rate. The apparatus comprises a container 301, a pressurized source of compressed gas 302 and a capillary 303. One end of the capillary is in the liquid filled in the container. The capillary is supplied via a sealing section in the container. The capillary is in controllable fluid communication with said source of compressed gas, as shown here by a control valve. List reference characters: Step 11 of the method 12 Step ii of the method 13 Step iii of the method 14 Step iv of the method 201 to 204 Small parts of image data sets 211 to 213 Small parts of result image data sets 221 to 225 Depicted distinguishable regions 300 Device for producing a controlled bubble rate 301 Container 302 Source of compressed gas 303 Capillary claims
    A method of counting distinguishable regions in a liquid in a container, said differentiable regions comprising substance different from said liquid, and wherein said liquid and at least a portion of the vessel wall are transmissive to electromagnetic radiation of a spectral region, comprising the steps of: i. Generating (11) a movement of said liquid relative to said container; ii. Imaging at least n times (12) said liquid through said transmissive portion of the wall in said spectral region, where n is at least 2, thereby generating n image data sets; iii. Generating (13) at least one result image data set that is free of common image data by disregarding the image data common to the n image data sets; iv. Determining (14) the number of mapped distinguishable regions by said at least one result image data set.
    [2]
    The method of claim 1, comprising generating m said result image data sets, m <n, combining said m result image data sets to generate another result image data set, counting the number of distinguishable regions mapped by said further result image data set, and parts of Number of mapped distinguishable regions resulting from this by m.
    [3]
    A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said step i comprises filling said liquid in said container.
    [4]
    A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said step i comprises moving said container during filling or after filling, in particular by rotating said container.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said step ii is carried out in the visible light spectral range or in the infrared range.
    [6]
    A method of verifying the number of distinct regions determined by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: a) introducing a first end of a capillary into a liquid in a container; b) supplying a second end of the capillary with a gas of controlled pressure; c) generating gas bubbles by introducing said gas through said capillary into said liquid in the container; d) determining the number of gas bubbles in said liquid; e) repeating step c) and exposing the liquid to steps ii to iv according to claim 1; f) comparing the determined number of gas bubbles with the number of distinct regions imaged by said at least one result image data set.
    [7]
    7. The method of claim 6, wherein step d) is carried out manually, in particular in real time or delayed by a recording, such as a recording of an image or a video.
    [8]
    Apparatus for determining the number of distinct regions in a liquid in a container, adapted to carry out the method of any of claims 1 to 5, comprising: a carrier for a liquid containing container, said liquid and at least one Part of the container wall are permeable to electromagnetic radiation of a spectral range, and wherein said carrier is optionally movable, in particular rotatable; at least one image capture device positioned so that the optical axis of the image capture device intersects at least the transmissive portion of the container wall; an imaging controller configured to trigger said image capture device at least n times, where n is at least 2; an evaluation unit for generating at least one result image data set that is free of common image data and for determining the number of distinguishable regions imaged by said at least one result image data set.
    [9]
    9. A controlled bladder rate generating device (300) comprising: - a container (301) for receiving a liquid; - a source (302) of compressed gas; - a capillary (303) in controllable fluid communication with said source of compressed gas and operatively connected to said container.
    [10]
    Apparatus for verifying the number of distinct regions adapted to carry out the method of claim 6 comprising the apparatus for determining the number of distinct regions in a containerized liquid of claim 8 and the apparatus for generating a controlled number of bubbles as claimed in claim 9th
    [11]
    A method of identifying particles in a liquid in a container, said liquid and at least a portion of the container wall being transmissive to electromagnetic radiation of a spectral region comprising the steps of: automatically filling said container with said liquid; - monitoring the number of distinguishable regions in said liquid filled in said container by an imaging process operating in said spectral region; Reducing the rate of distinguishable areas in said momentarily automatically bottled liquid and / or decreasing the rate of distinguishable areas in said successively automatically filled liquid in successive containers, said decreasing being carried out by adjusting at least one filling parameter said at the moment and / or sequentially automatically filling, thereby producing liquid-filled containers having a minimum of distinguishable regions, said remaining distinguishable regions being at least predominantly identifiable as particles, and further generating a set of filling parameters that reduce the rate of distinguishable regions.
    [12]
    The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of determining the number of identified particles.
    [13]
    The method of claim 11 or 12, wherein said monitoring step comprises: i. Generating (11) a movement of said liquid relative to said container; ii. Imaging (12) at least n times said moving fluid through said transmissive portion of the wall in said spectral range, where n is at least 2, thereby generating n image data sets; iii. Generating (13) at least one result image data set that is free from common image data by disregarding the image data common to the n image data sets; iv. Determining (14) the number of distinguishable regions mapped by said at least one result image data set.
    [14]
    The method of claim 13, wherein said movement is generated by said automatic filling.
    [15]
    A method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein said fitting is carried out by means of a negative feedback whose target quantity is a minimum monitored number of distinct regions.
    [16]
    A method of detecting a container among a plurality of filled containers, said container being filled with a liquid contaminated with at least one particle, said liquid and at least a portion of the container wall being transmissive to electromagnetic radiation of a spectral region the method comprising the steps of: - filling the plurality of containers by using a setup of filling parameters that reduce the rate of distinguishable areas and which have been generated by the method of any one of claims 11 to 15; - monitoring the number of distinguishable regions in the liquid of each said filled container by an imaging method operating in said spectral region; For which of the filled containers the number of distinguishable regions is at least 1, thereby detecting the container filled with a liquid contaminated with at least one particle.
    [17]
    A method of reducing false positives in quality control of liquid filled containers for particulate contamination, comprising the steps of claim 16.
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH01395/16A|CH713057B1|2016-10-18|2016-10-18|Method for counting distinguishable areas in a liquid and apparatus therefor|CH01395/16A| CH713057B1|2016-10-18|2016-10-18|Method for counting distinguishable areas in a liquid and apparatus therefor|
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