• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a micro-factory (30) comprising a plurality of machines (1) for producing superposed and juxtaposed parts. Part production machines may be 3D printers or machine tools, including machining, milling and / or grinding machines. Each machine preferably has a length of the precision path connecting the workpiece to the tool, also called the force loop, less than 1600 mm, preferably less than 1000 mm.
    公开号:CH712419A2
    申请号:CH00516/17
    申请日:2017-04-18
    公开日:2017-10-31
    发明作者:Jeannerat Claude；Droz Fabrice；Haag Christophe；Steulet Mathieu；Lazzarotlo-Pinösch Andréas；Brischoux Charlotte
    申请人:Haute Ecole Arc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a micro-factory.
    State of the art [0002] The production of parts by a disposition of machines in series lacks flexibility of production and rapidity of reconfiguration.
    Production is also polluting at the noise level and very demanding in terms of space and energy consumption, because the current machines have large dimensions, high energy consumption and significant noise pollution. The concatenation of the machines also requires auxiliary functions for the supply, transport and recovery of parts for each machine.
    Brief Summary of the Invention [0004] The arrival of more compact machines opens up new production prospects.
    The object of the invention is a micro-plant allowing significant gains in terms of size, cost and energy consumption compared to known solutions.
    The invention also relates to a micro-factory for optimizing the operation of several machines in series or in parallel and an ease of reconfiguration.
    These objects are achieved by the micro-factory of claim 1. The dependent claims relate to particular embodiments of the invention.
    This solution provides online or parallel flexible machines vertically and horizontally which allows a saving of space and a reduction of auxiliary functions compared to known solutions. The production can be integrated into any premises or even garages.
    This solution allows multi-tasking piece production by assigning sequential tasks as well as parallel.
    A particular embodiment of the invention mitigates their negative effects on the machining precision of the machines of the micro-factory by a reduction of vibrations generated and propagated in the structures of the micro-factory (machining center).
    A particular embodiment of the invention makes it possible to effectively use the space required for the operation of several machines in series by putting in common and / or sharing resources between several machines of the micro-factory.
    A particular embodiment of the invention allows a reduction in energy consumption by using machining machines at very high speed and very high accuracy.
    A particular embodiment of the invention allows a reduction in energy consumption by using machining machines having a reduced length of the "precision path". The precision path, also called the force loop, is the length of the path that connects the workpiece to the tool through rigid parts, including rigid and light structural parts constituting the axis structure of the machine. .
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES [0014] Examples of implementation of the invention are indicated in the description illustrated by the appended figures. Example (s) of embodiment of the invention [0015] The arrival of more compact machines opens up new production prospects on the economic, ecological and societal level.
    Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate a micro-factory (or machining center) 30 comprising several coin production machines 1.
    Part production machines are 3D printers and / or machine tools, such as machining, milling and / or grinding machines. Preferably each machine has a length of the precision path connecting the workpiece to the tool less than 1600, preferably less than 1000 mm.
    A machine tool is a machine, generally non-portable work, powered by a power source and intended to shape products using physical, chemical or other methods. Shaping, which deals with solid state materials (including metal, wood, glass and plastics) can be performed with or without removal with or without addition of material or product. Preferably, the shaping is carried out by removal of material without addition of material or product.
    The micro-factory 30 comprises several compartments 100, each intended to house operationally a machine for producing parts, in particular a machining machine 1 (FIG 8).
    With the reduced dimensions of the machines 1, these compartments 100 can be arranged, not only juxtaposed to each other, but also one superimposed on the others.
    The micro-factory 30 can thus accommodate (operationally) several machines 1 for producing parts, each machine being superimposed and / or juxtaposed with other parts production machines.
    The micro-factory can be configured to house these machines in a juxtaposed manner along a straight line, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8, as well as along a circular or round portion.
    Advantageously, a first of these machines is configured to operate, in particular for machining a first part, synchronously with a second of these machines so as to attenuate and / or reduce a propagation of the vibrations generated by the second machine when an operation on a second piece.
    The main structure of the micro-factory 30 is a fixed support structure, advantageously made of polymer concrete (for example epoxy and quartz) so as to provide excellent damping and sufficient mass to counter the effects of impulse generated by the acceleration of the machines during operations on the parts, in addition to providing a barrier to the thermal transmission of a housing 100 to the other.
    The micro-factory 30, including its main structure, can be achieved by traditional foundry techniques, for example through new technologies for making molds and casting, which would reduce or eliminate the constraints geometric. One of these technologies is the DGP font that uses 3D printing for making molds. It also offers a much thinner wall thickness than normal if needed.
    This solution reduces vibration generating and propagating in the structures of the micro-factory which mitigates their negative effects on the precision of shaping, including machining, machines of the micro-factory .
    The micro-factory comprises a tool magazine 32 and a parts store 34 which are made available to a party, preferably all, machines 1 of the micro-factory.
    The micro-factory includes an automation principle allowing the transfer of parts between different machines. The system has a great freedom of movement in the area of installation / removal and it is coupled to a simple movement, in particular Cartesian, for the movement between the machines.
    The micro-factory (the machining center) illustrated by Figs. 7 and 8 comprises a robot 36 configured to be able to transport parts and / or tools between one of the magazines 32, 34 and each of these machines in order to allow machining of the part. The robot is configured to move an articulated arm along a first vertical translation axis and along a second axis of vertical translation. Advantageously, the robot is configured to operate in a volume located in the rear part of the micro-factory, in particular by a system of slides, so as to avoid causing inconvenience to the operator as well as to prevent good visibility and accessibility to the main areas.
    The parts store 32 may be advantageously configured to store workpieces, intermediate parts and finished parts.
    Advantageously, the micro-factory 30 may comprise one or more stations or shared devices that are shared for several machines of the micro-factory 30, in particular: - a power supply: - a vacuum cleaner for the evacuation of smoke; a chip recovery system (40); - fire extinguisher; - a security door; and / or - a watering system.
    The micro-factory houses, for each machine, an individual amplifier 38, see individual amplifiers 38, to generate the control signals of each machine.
    The arrangement of the machines 1 of the micro-factory 30 in a matrix, that is to say in several columns and rows, first of all makes it possible to make better use of the spaces available in a machining room, by reducing the costs of fitting the machines. This arrangement also makes it possible to shorten the robot's travel distances when transporting parts and / or tools from or to the machines.
    [0034] Advantageously, the micro-factory 30 can be configured to be transportable in a single block. This solution facilitates its transport and movement from one workplace to another, which further increases the production flexibility of the micro-factory. The time required to install it at its new workplace is then reduced because the installation is done at the micro-factory level and not individually on its components, ie. the micro-factory being like a single operational unit.
    This solution also allows to locate and / or move (structurally as well as cyclically) a production of parts in any premises, see in simple garages and in mobile spaces, such as a cargo area d a mobile vehicle (including a truck).
    In addition, this arrangement of locations of the matrix machines advantageously makes it possible to house, in one or more of these locations, a measuring machine intended for a calibration of these machines, especially machining machines, and to check the quality of the parts produced.
    The micro-factory 30 may also include at least one finishing machine and / or a washing machine in one of said locations.
    The micro-factory being composed of several production means, it is equipped with interconnection means between the machines in order to manage the productivity of the entire chain and the energy flow required for each means of production. . The exploitation of this data can be used to design and implement high added value services such as predictive maintenance or. real-time supervision of the entire plant value chain; In order to facilitate the integration of the micro-factory in its location, the plant can be equipped with means of rapid interchangeability of machines. These means allow a machine change in a housing by a simple connection that will trigger a self-calibration of the machine.
    The micro-factory may also include a user interface, such as a tablet 50, for the control of the entire micro-factory 30, particularly its machines, its stations or shared devices, the measuring machine, finishing machine and / or washing machine.
    Figs. 1 to 4 illustrate a 1 to 5-axis machining machine which is particularly suitable for micro-mill 30, according to the invention.
    This small machine tool allows precision machining and flexibility, in addition to being a very low energy user.
    This machine inherently reduces the errors due to expansions which are often more important than the problems due to the rigidity of the machine, especially during machining at very high speed and very high accuracy.
    The machine tool claimed is particularly suitable for machining small parts, for example parts whose maximum dimensions are less than 80mm, preferably less than 50mm. By limiting itself to the machining of small parts, it is possible to realize a machine much more compact and especially more reactive, and more precise thanks to the reduction of the path of precision and the lengths of pieces whose dilations influence the precision.
    The precision path, also called loop forces, is the length of the path that connects the workpiece to the tool through rigid parts. The shorter this path is, the less important and pejorative the expansions will be.
    The construction of the machine 1 allows to distribute the space or the angular distances between the different axes substantially equal between the tool and the workpiece, which reduces the structural impact of each individual axis.
    For example, the angle between the first axis and the plane of the second axis X is 45 °; the angle between this plane and the third axis Y is again 45 °. The angle between the third axis Y and the axis of rotation C is 90 °; the first axis of rotation is in this segment between Y and C.
    A ratio of 5/1 was defined between the axis structure of the machine and the part that it works. Space saving is at least 3 to 5 compared to conventional machines.
    In order to increase the rigidity, the length of the precision path connecting the tool to the part through the two moving assemblies and the frame is less than 600 mm.
    The shape of this precision path substantially forms a half-ellipse; that is, the maximum vertical distance between the axis b and the lower end of the first axis slide is as small as possible, but nevertheless larger than the horizontal distance between the Z axis and the horizontal end of the slide Y. This form of egg can increase the rigidity of the whole.
    The machine has a reduced mass of moving parts compared to the usual machine tools, which improves its energy efficiency.
    A typical machine tool has an installed power typically of 10 to 20KW; the claimed machine can be satisfied with 550W at comparable processing speed. The energy savings are at least 10 compared to the usual machines, this without any loss of machining quality.
    The reduction of moving masses reduces their inertia, and therefore operate at constant speed without the need to slow down the tool in the curves or at the end of the race. The weight of the moving masses is preferably less than 10 kg. This significantly reduces the time to start the machine. Reducing the volume of the machine reduces the footprint, and therefore the need for industrial surface. The small size of the moving masses also makes it possible to push the vibratory frequency of the parts to high values which do not interfere with the machining process. Vibration frequencies of 250 Hz, or more, can be obtained with this geometry and these dimensions.
    Machining speeds of the order of 20m / min, or higher, can be obtained with radii of curvature of 0.5mm. Accelerations of 2.5G of the tool can be obtained.
    This machining at almost constant speed improves the surface quality of the machined parts.
    The machining machine is particularly suitable for high speed machining (HSC) using a spindle rotated at a speed greater than 50 RPM, preferably up to 100 RPM. min.
    The axes of the machine and the slides are optimized to reduce friction, which also allows to significantly reduce the noise during machining. The need for lubrication of the machine is reduced or even eliminated.
    The machining machine 1 of FIG. 1 comprises a frame 3 for operatively positioning the machine 1 above a work surface, such as a table or a machining furniture, so as to allow an operator to operate a machining operation via the machine 1. The machine 1 comprises a movable tool holder assembly 5, for moving a tool-holder spindle 7 relative to the frame and a movable workpiece-holding assembly 11, for moving a workpiece 150 to be machined relative to the frame.
    The movable tool assembly 5 is arranged to allow movement of the tool spindle 7 relative to the frame along a first translation axis (Z) and one along a second translation axis (X) perpendicular to the first axis. The second translation axis (X) implements slides 9 in a plane (p) forming an angle a1 between + 40 ° and + 50 ° with respect to the first translation axis (Z).
    The movable workpiece assembly 11 is configured to move the workpiece relative to the frame 3 according to: a third translation axis (Y) perpendicular to said first and second translation axes Z, X, a first axis of rotation (b) parallel to the third translation axis (Y), and a second axis of rotation (c) perpendicular to the first axis of rotation (b).
    The first translation axis (Z) corresponds to the machining direction of the workpiece. Fig. 3 illustrates a preferred positioning of the machine 1 having the first axis (Z) oriented vertically, i.e. according to the direction of gravity.
    According to this preferred positioning of vertical machining, the first translation axis Z is vertical while the second translation axis X is horizontal. The third translation axis (Y) and the first axis of rotation (b) are oriented horizontally, perpendicularly to X.
    It is of course possible to turn the machine so as to place the first axis Z horizontally (perpendicular to the direction of gravity) or inclined with respect to the direction of gravity. For the purposes of the text, the vertical direction is therefore defined as that of the Z axis.
    The length of the precision path, also called loop forces, the machine, which connects the workpiece to the tool through the frame and said workpiece holder and tool holder, is less than 1000 mm.
    The axial configuration of this machine as well as its short distance, that is to say, its small loop of forces, makes it possible to propose a machining machine that reduces the propagation as well as the amplification of the effects of the thermal expansion of the machine. these sets on the relative positioning between the tool holder spindle and the workpiece.
    The machine comprises a carriage 15 movable along the third translation axis Y. This carriage, which is illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, houses a motor 13 for rotating the workpiece 150 about the first axis of rotation (b). The carriage comprises a cylinder 17 provided with ribs for housing and cooling the motor 13 and a perforated cage 19 around this cylinder.
    Advantageously, the cage and the cylinder are formed of a single piece of cast iron, the contact surface between the cage and the cylinder being less than 10 cm2 to minimize the heat transfer from the engine to the cage.
    The machine is provided with a motor 23 configured to allow rotation of the workpiece about the second axis of rotation (c). The motor 23 is movably mounted along the third axis of translation (Y) and along the first axis of rotation (b), because retained by a support 25 mounted on the axis of the motor 13 of the first axis of rotation (b). .
    The machine comprises slides 27 arranged in a first plane and operating along the third translation axis Y. This first plane is preferably horizontal when the machine is configured to machine vertically.
    Advantageously, the machine 1 is arranged so that the distance (d1) along the machining direction (first translation axis Z) between the first plane and the first axis of rotation (b) is less than 10cm.
    The machine comprises slides disposed in a second plane and operating along the first translation axis Z. Advantageously, the machine 1 is arranged so that the distance d2 along the machining direction (first translation axis Z ) between the lower end of these vertical slides and said first plane is less than 10cm.
    Advantageously, the machine 1 is arranged so that the distance d3 perpendicular to the machining direction (first translation axis Z) between the axis of rotation of the spindle and the second plane is less than 10cm.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Micro-factory (30) comprising several machines (1) for producing superposed parts.
    [2]
    2. Micro-factory according to claim 1, comprising several machines (1) for producing parts juxtaposed.
    [3]
    3. Micro-factory according to one of claims 1 or 2, comprising a tool magazine (32), a parts store (34), and at least one robot (36) for transporting parts and / or tools between one of the stores and any of said machines.
    [4]
    4. Micro-factory according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising one of the following elements shared for several of said machines: - power supply; - vacuum cleaner for evacuation of fumes; - chip recovery system (40); - fire extinguisher; - security door; - irrigation system.
    [5]
    5. Micro-factory according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising at least one individual amplifier (38) for the control signals of each said machine tool.
    [6]
    Micro-mill according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a plurality of matrix locations for said machine tools, one or more of said locations housing a measuring machine for calibrating said machine tools and for checking the quality. produced parts.
    [7]
    7. Micro-factory according to claim 6, comprising at least one finishing machine and / or a washing machine in one of said locations.
    [8]
    Micro-plant according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least a first of these machines (1) is configured to operate synchronously with a second of these machines (1) so as to compensate for the vibrations generated. by the machines.
    [9]
    9. Micro-mill according to one of claims 1 to 8, said coin production machines being machine tools and / or 3D printers, including machining, milling and / or grinding machines; preferably each machine having a length of the precision path connecting the workpiece (150) to the tool (21) being less than 1600 mm, preferably less than 1000 mm.
    [10]
    Micro-mill according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said coin-producing machines being machining machines (1) with at least 5 axes, each machining machine (1) comprising: a frame (3), a movable tool-holder assembly (5) for moving a tool-holder spindle (7) relative to the frame along a first translation axis (Z) and along a second translation axis (X) perpendicular to the first translation axis (Z), the second translation axis (X) implementing slides (9) in a plane (p) forming an angle (a1) of between + 40 ° and + 50 ° with respect to the first axis translation device (Z), a movable workpiece assembly (11), for moving a workpiece (150) relative to the frame along a third translation axis (Y) perpendicular to said first and second translational axes, along a first axis rotation (b) parallel to the third axis of translation (Y), and along a second axis of rotation (c) pe perpendicular to the first axis of rotation (b), the length of the precision path connecting the piece (150) to the tool (21) through said frame and said sets being less than 1600 mm, preferably 1000 mm.
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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    CH5162016|2016-04-19|
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