• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a safety ignition device (10) comprising a passive autocatalytic recombiner for a nuclear installation, which has a plurality of catalytic elements (26) arranged in a draft tube (12) through which a first side (16) of the draft tube (12). entering hydrogen-containing combustible gas mixture (18) is at least partially convertible in a catalytic reaction with release of heat energy in a non-combustible gas mixture. At least one rod-like temperature-conducting ignition element (24) is provided, which is arranged with its first end in the interior (14) of the draft tube (12) in direct contact or in thermal proximity to at least one of the catalytic elements (26) and with its second end in an outer region of the draft tube (12). The invention also relates to a nuclear installation having a safety ignition device (10) according to the invention and to a method for retrofitting passive autocatalytic recombinators.
    公开号:CH710371A2
    申请号:CH01521/15
    申请日:2015-10-19
    公开日:2016-05-13
    发明作者:Bauer Martin；Vujic Zoran；Sassen Felix
    申请人:Westinghouse Electric Germany；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a Sicherheitszündvorrichtung comprising a passive autocatalytic recombinator (PAR) for a nuclear facility having a plurality of arranged in a draft tube catalytic elements through which a on the first side of the draft tube entering hydrogen-containing combustible gas mixture at least partially in a catalytic Reaction with release of heat energy in a non-combustible gas mixture is convertible. The invention also relates to a nuclear installation with a safety ignition device according to the invention and to a method for retrofitting passive autocatalytic recombinators.
    It is well known that come in nuclear reactor plants passive autocatalytic recombiners (PAR) are used, as described for example in the patent DE 20 2009 009 405 (U1).
    A passive autocatalytic recombinator (PAR) is based on the principle of operation that a gas mixture containing combustible gases, e.g. Hydrogen (Hb) or carbon monoxide (CO), and oxygen, penetrates from below into a PAR housing or a draft tube. There it encounters catalytically active material that allows the exothermic oxidation of H2 / CO with O2without flame and at low temperatures. Among other things, the reaction enthalpy released heats the exhaust gases, but also the PAR itself. The hot exhaust gases leave the PAR or the draft tube upwards. Reinforced by suitable geometry of the PAR housing or the draft tube forms a chimney effect, which sucks new fresh gas from below.
    The reaction is self-starting and self-sustaining. By using the catalytic material, PARs can also degrade in non-combustible mixtures H2 and CO, but the degradation rate is limited. Therefore, PARs installed in nuclear plants are usually not sufficient if large amounts of H2in are released quickly into an atmosphere that is not rendered inert by steam or otherwise. Due to the limited degradation rate, detonative mixtures can nevertheless form.
    Therefore, for certain types of nuclear power plants in which this situation can occur, such as e.g. GE Mark III and those with Ice Condenser Containments, commonly prescribed in detonators, such as in US NRC: 10 CFR50.44 Combustible Gas Control for Nuclear Power Reactors, http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/ cfr / part050 / part050-0044.html.
    On the other hand, available on the market igniters require a power supply, which is needed for heating. This can result in a considerable power requirement, since about 200-500 W are needed per igniter and installed in the order of 50 detonators per system, i. a total power of over 10-20 kW. This is not a problem if the emergency power supply by means of diesel generators or a comparable powerful system is available. However, if there is a total failure of the emergency equipment ("Station Blackout" - SBO), especially over a long time, this power would have to be provided by batteries. This is very complex and the existing battery capacities are not yet designed for it.
    Although passive igniters and battery-operated spark ignitors have already been described in the past, s. e.g. R. Heck: Catalytic and Spark Hydrogen Igniters, Kerntechnik 53 (1988) No 1, p. 56, and R. Heck, A. Hill: A Two-pronged Ap-proach to Hydrogen Reduction, Nuclear Engineering International, July 1992, p , but they have their own disadvantages:
    Passive detonators have e.g. relatively small catalytic surfaces so that they are susceptible to poisoning by e.g. iodine or other catalyst poisons. Such catalyst poisons are to be expected in the event of a serious accident in the atmosphere of the containment vessel of a nuclear reactor.
    Spark igniters do not act as a continuous ignition source, so that optionally between two sparks can form a gas mixture, the ignition would cause excessive pressure loads. Reasons for this are e.g. rapid release of Hb or rapid deuteration of the atmosphere by spray activation. Furthermore, the assurance that the battery is always charged and functional, very complex.
    Although PARs can act as a detonator and are very resistant to poisoning. However, the parameter range in which ignition occurs compared to igniters is subject to relatively large variations, as described, for example, in T, K. Blanchat, AC Malliakos: Testing a Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners in the Surtsey Facility, Nuclear Technology Vol. 129, Mar. 2000, p 356. This is extremely disadvantageous, since in this case it is not ensured that the ignition takes place at concentrations which do not result in pressure increases which could jeopardize the containment.
    Starting from this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a safety ignition device, which causes a high incidence of H2 reliably combustion of excess H2. The object of the invention is also to provide a nuclear reactor plant with a corresponding security system.
    The object is achieved by a safety ignition device of the type mentioned. This is characterized in that at least one rod-like temperature-conducting ignition element is provided, which with its first end in the interior of the drawbar in direct contact or in thermal proximity to at least one of the catalytic Elements is arranged and with its second end in an outer area of the draft tube.
    The basic idea of the invention is to use the reaction enthalpy of the catalytic reaction of a PAR in order to generate a temperature source sufficient for the ignition in the combustible fresh gas. However, the catalytic reaction not only increases the temperature of the gas but also degrades hydrogen and oxygen so that the exhaust air of a PAR is generally non-combustible while the fresh gas mixture is combustible outside the PAR. The case, in turn, is not hot enough to act as a source of ignition.
    By means of a rod-like ignition element with good thermal conductivity, the temperature from the inside of the PAR to the outside, the combustible fresh gas, passed. Decisive here is not the thermal conductivity, but the thermal conductivity, since the goal here is a loss-free as possible transmission of the high temperature of the exhaust air to the tip of the igniter in the fresh gas.
    The invention enables the combination of the good properties of PARs, i. The degradation of hydrogen in inert atmospheres and high resistance to the environmental conditions occurring in severe accidents, with a reliable ignition source. The ignition source is continuous and requires no power, is completely passive and maintenance-free. Thus, if necessary, it is immediately available to master concentration peaks.
    The temperature of the catalytic elements in a PAR is at hydrogen concentrations of 4-5 vol.% About 900-1000 K, as described in TK Blanchat, AC Malliakos: Testing a Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners in the Surtsey Facility, Nuclear Technology Vol. 129, Mar. 2000, p356. The autoignition temperature of hydrogen / air mixtures is in the range of 770-850K as disclosed in HSE: Spontaneous Ignition of Hydrogen Literature Review, RR615, 2008. The flammability limit of hydrogen in air is 4% by volume. This can be provided by a suitable device with the catalytic elements as an energy source an ignition source to ignite at concentrations near the ignition limit can.
    The safety ignition device can be used in addition to nuclear technology in other areas in which the development of flammable gas mixtures must be controlled, as long as a suitable catalyst material is known, for example:Battery rooms where hydrogen can also be producedHydrogen tanks,Chemical plants, in particular petrochemical plants.
    According to one embodiment of the inventive safety ignition device is at least one ignition element with its first end in direct contact with at least one of the catalytic elements in the interior of the drawbar. As a result, the temperature required for the ignition element is dissipated directly at the place of their formation in the catalytic element.
    According to a further variant of the inventive safety ignition device is arranged at least one ignition element with its first end in the flow direction through the draft tube directly behind at least one of the catalytic elements, ie in the heated exhaust stream. Again, there is a particularly high temperature, which is provided in an advantageous manner by the ignition element in the outer area around the draft tube to initiate there in the event of failure, a burning of excess H2zu.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the inventive safety ignition device, at least one ignition element is encased in the region of a passage through the wall of the draft tube of a thermal insulation material. As a result, the temperature gradient between the first and second ends of the ignition element is reduced in an advantageous manner.
    According to another embodiment of the safety ignition device, at least one ignition element is at least predominantly made of a metal, in particular silver or copper. These materials have excellent thermal conductivity or thermal conductivity and therefore advantageously favor a low temperature gradient between the first and second ends of the ignition element.
    [0022] According to another embodiment of the safety ignition device according to the invention, at least one ignition element has a thermosyphon. A thermosyphon is a heat exchange element with condenser and evaporator side and has between them a closed natural cooling circuit, so that in a secure manner, a heat transfer or a temperature transfer from one end to the other end. A thermosyphon can be well integrated into the rod-like shape of an ignition element, wherein preferably at least the end portions are made of a metal such as silver or copper.
    According to another embodiment of the safety ignition device, at least one ignition element is formed at its second end as a tip so as to minimize the temperature gradient or to optimize the ignition conditions.
    According to a further embodiment of the inventive safety ignition device several ignition elements are guided with different orientations in the outer region of the draft tube. This can include both several passages through the walls of the draft tube as well as an orientation to the inlet side of the draft tube. Thus, the ignition safety is further improved by providing a plurality of ignition elements arranged at different locations.
    The inventive object is also achieved by a method for retrofitting passive autocatalytic recombiners (PAR), each having a plurality of arranged in a draft tube catalytic elements through which a on the first side of the draft tube entering hydrogen-containing combustible gas mixture at least partially in one catalytic reaction with the release of heat energy in a non-combustible gas mixture is convertible. The method is characterized by the following step:Provision of at least one rod-like temperature-conducting ignition element, which is arranged with its first end in the interior of the draft tube in direct contact or in thermal proximity to at least one of the catalytic elements and with its second end in an outer region of the draft tube.
    In this way, it is possible in an advantageous manner to familiarize existing PARs to a safety ignition device according to the invention. The security of existing nuclear installations can be easily increased.
    The inventive object is also achieved by a nuclear reactor system with arranged in a protective nuclear components, which is characterized in that within the protective cover a safety ignition device is provided, comprising a passive autocatalytic recombiner (PAR), which is arranged in a drawpipe several catalytic Has elements through which a entering on the first side of the draft tube hydrogen-containing combustible gas mixture at least partially in a catalytic reaction with release of heat energy in a non-combustible gas mixture is converted, wherein at least one rod-like temperature-conducting ignition element is provided, which with its first end in Inner of the draft tube is arranged in direct contact or in thermal proximity to at least one of the catalytic elements and with its second end in an outer region of the draft tube.
    The resulting safety advantages have already been explained above, namely that in the case of a high excess of hydrogen safe combustion of the hydrogen is ensured and a risk of detonation for a corresponding gas mixture is thus excluded.
    Further advantageous embodiment possibilities can be found in the further dependent claims.
    Reference to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, the invention, further embodiments and other advantages will be described in more detail.
    It show<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> a first exemplary safety ignition device,<Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> a second exemplary safety ignition device,<Tb> FIG. 3 <SEP> a third exemplary safety ignition device as well<Tb> FIG. 4 <SEP> a passage of an ignition element through a wall of a draft tube.
    Fig. 1 shows a first exemplary Sicherheitszündvorrichtung 10 in a schematic sectional view. In the interior 14 of a draft tube 12, which is also to be understood as a PAR housing, a plurality of catalytic elements 26 of a PAR are arranged. These generate during operation of the PAR by oxidation heat energy, wherein on the first side 16 of the PAR, a hydrogen-containing combustible gas mixture 18 enters and exits on the second side 20 of the PAR as an exhaust gas mixture again.
    A rod-like ignition element 24 is guided through the wall of the draft tube in its interior 14 and is there in direct contact with the heated catalytic elements 26 of the PAR. The prevailing temperature is transmitted by means of the ignition element 24 in the outer region of the draw tube 12. There, in the event of a sudden excess of H 2 in the atmosphere surrounding the PAR, a reliable combustion of the H 2 is initiated and a detonation of the gas mixture is prevented.
    Fig. 2 shows a second exemplary safety ignition device 30, which essentially corresponds to the previously described. Here, however, an ignition element 32 is directed with its first end directly into the exhaust gas flow from the catalytic elements, which has a high temperature at this point.
    FIG. 3 shows a third exemplary safety ignition device 40 with a plurality of differently oriented ignition elements 42, 44, 46, 48.
    Fig. 4 shows a passage of an ignition element 54 through a wall 56 in the interior 58 of a draft tube in a sketch 50. To reduce the temperature gradient along the ignition element 54 this is enveloped by a thermal insulation material 52.
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    [0037]<tb> 10 <SEP> first exemplary safety ignition device<Tb> 12 <September> draw tube<tb> 14 <SEP> Inside of draft tube<tb> 16 <SEP> first side of draft tube<tb> 18 <SEP> entering gas mixture<tb> 20 <SEP> second side of draft tube<tb> 22 <SEP> outgoing gas mixture<tb> 24 <SEP> exemplary ignition element of first safety ignition device<tb> 26 <SEP> catalytic elements<tb> 30 <SEP> second exemplary safety ignition device<tb> 32 <SEP> exemplary ignition element of second safety ignition device<tb> 40 <SEP> third exemplary safety ignition device<tb> 42 <SEP> first ignition element of third safety ignition device<tb> 44 <SEP> second ignition element of third safety ignition device<tb> 46 <SEP> third ignition element of third safety ignition device<tb> 48 <SEP> fourth ignition element of third safety ignition device<tb> 50 <SEP> Passage through wall of draft tube<tb> 52 <SEP> thermal insulation material<tb> 54 <SEP> exemplary ignition element<tb> 56 <SEP> Wall of draft tube<tb> 58 <SEP> Interior of draft tube
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A safety ignition device (10, 30, 40) comprising a passive autocatalytic recombinator (PAR) for a nuclear installation having a plurality of catalytic elements (26) arranged in a draft tube (12) through which a first side (16) of the draft tube (12) entering hydrogen-containing combustible gas mixture (18) is at least partially convertible in a catalytic reaction with release of heat energy in a non-combustible gas mixture, characterizedthat at least one rod-like temperature-conducting ignition element (24, 32, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54) is provided, which with its first end in the interior (14) of the draw tube (12) in direct contact or in thermal proximity to at least one of catalytic elements (26) is arranged and with its second end in an outer region of the draft tube (12).
    [2]
    2. Safety ignition device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one ignition element (24, 32, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54) with its first end in direct contact with at least one of the catalytic elements (26) in the interior (14) the draft tube (12) is.
    [3]
    3. Safety ignition device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one ignition element (24, 32, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54) with its first end in the flow direction through the draft tube (12) directly behind at least one of the catalytic ( 26) elements is arranged.
    [4]
    4. Safety ignition device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one ignition element (24, 32, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54) in the region of a passage (50) through the wall (56) of the draw tube (12) of a thermal insulation material (52) is sheathed.
    [5]
    5. Safety ignition device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one ignition element (24, 32, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54) at least predominantly of a metal, in particular silver or copper, is made.
    [6]
    6. Safety ignition device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one ignition element (24, 32, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54) has a thermosyphon.
    [7]
    7. Safety ignition device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one ignition element (24, 32, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54) is formed at its second end as a tip.
    [8]
    8. Safety ignition device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of ignition elements (24, 32, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54) are guided with different orientations in the outer region of the draw tube (12).
    [9]
    9. A method for retrofitting passive autocatalytic recombiners (PAR), each having a plurality of in a draft tube (12) arranged catalytic elements (26) through which a on the first side (16) of the draft tube (12) entering hydrogen-containing combustible gas mixture (18) is at least partially convertible into a non-combustible gas mixture in a catalytic reaction with the release of heat energy, characterized by the following step:Providing at least one rod-like temperature-conducting ignition element (24, 32, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54), soft with its first end in the interior (14) of the draft tube (12) in direct contact or in thermal proximity to at least one of the catalytic Elements (26) is arranged and with its second end in an outer region of the draft tube (12).
    [10]
    10. Nuclear reactor plant with nuclear components arranged in a protective covering, characterized in thatin that a safety ignition device (10, 30, 40) is provided inside the protective cover, comprising a passive autocatalytic recombinator (PAR), which has a plurality of catalytic elements (26) arranged in a draft tube (12) through which a first side (16 ) of the draft tube (12) entering hydrogen-containing combustible gas mixture (18) is at least partially convertible in a catalytic reaction with release of heat energy in a non-combustible gas mixture, wherein at least one rod-like temperature-conductive ignition element (24, 32, 42, 44, 46, 48 , 54) is provided, which is arranged with its first end in the interior (14) of the draft tube (12) in direct contact or in thermal proximity to at least one of the catalytic elements (26) and with its second end in an outer region of the draft tube ( 12).
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    DE4125085A1|1991-07-29|1993-02-04|Siemens Ag|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RECOMBINATING AND / OR IGNITING HYDROGEN, CONTAINED IN AN H 2 -VIRON AIR-VAPOR MIXTURE, ESPECIALLY FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS|
    US20010055360A1|1997-02-06|2001-12-27|Masao Ogino|Apparatus for treating air containing hydrogen gas|
    DE19801618C2|1998-01-17|2001-05-10|Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh|Device for the catalytic conversion of hydrogen|
    DE202009009405U1|2008-07-09|2009-11-05|Koshmanov, Dmitrij|Passive autocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen recombinator for operation in a high hydrogen environment|
    法律状态:
    2019-01-15| AZW| Rejection (application)|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102014015948.5A|DE102014015948B4|2014-10-30|2014-10-30|Sicherheitszündvorrichtung|
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