• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    A brush holder system contains a stationary carrier element (102, 702, 802), which has at least one groove (210, 710), and an electrical connector fork (220, 720). A brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) is set up for releasable attachment to the stationary carrier element (102, 702, 802). The brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) has at least one rail which is set up for sliding along the at least one groove (210, 710). The brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) has an electrical knife connector (420) which is set up to match the electrical connector fork (220, 720). A radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder (1000) is mounted on the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004), and the RFID transponder (1000) is set up to monitor brush wear and to transmit the brush wear status to a monitoring system. The stationary carrier element (102, 702, 802) is set up for electrical connection to a collector holder, and the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) is set up to hold at least one brush (1032, 1220).
    公开号:CH709773B1
    申请号:CH00813/15
    申请日:2015-06-05
    公开日:2020-06-30
    发明作者:Eugene Steinbach Albert；Steven Buskirk Eric；Alber Mancuso Benjamin；Austin Scalzo Frank Iii；Maurice Hebert Curtis；Thomas Preston Matthew
    申请人:Gen Electric；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The object disclosed herewith relates to a brush holder system. In particular, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to a brush holder system which is used to conduct electrical current between a brush and a rotating element of a dynamoelectric machine (e.g. an electric generator, an electric motor etc.) and / or another rotating machine (e.g. one Rotary crane) is set up.
    Conventional dynamoelectric machines include a rotor with windings which carry electrical current during the operation of the machine. When the rotor is rotated, rotating elements are used to supply current to the rotor windings from a source outside the rotor. The rotating elements, such as slip rings or collectors, make contact with brushes to conduct the current. Since the brushes are stationary with respect to the rotating elements, the carbon brushes wear due to friction and have to be replaced periodically.
    Due to the desire to keep downtime low during operation of the dynamoelectric machine, the brushes are sometimes replaced during operation of the dynamoelectric machine. An operator uses a single hand to safely replace the brushes (to prevent conduction of electrical current through the operator's body). Conventional brush holders can be heavy and bulky, making brush replacement both difficult and dangerous. An object of the invention is to provide an easy to maintain brush holder system.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    According to the invention, a brush holder system includes a stationary support member having at least one groove and an electrical connector fork. A brush holder member is configured for releasable attachment to the stationary support member. The brush holding member has at least one rail configured to slide along the at least one groove. The brush holder has an electrical knife connector configured to mate with the electrical connector fork. A transponder for electromagnetic wave identification (RFID) is mounted on the brush holder and the RFID transponder is configured to monitor brush wear and to communicate brush wear status to a monitoring system. The stationary support member is configured to electrically connect to a collector bracket and the brush holder member is configured to hold at least one brush.
    In the aforementioned system, the RFID transponder may further include: a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of the at least one brush that is at least partially located inside the brush holding member, the RFID transponder to send a wireless one Signal is configured; one or more antennas located in or near a dynamoelectric machine, the one or more antennas configured to receive the wireless signal from the RFID transponder; wherein the wireless signal can be converted into an indication of a remaining service life of the at least one brush.
    In addition, the RFID transponder may further include a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature of the brush holder and / or air near the brush holder, the wireless signal being an indication of a normal or abnormal operating condition of the at least one brush is convertible.
    [0007] In addition or alternatively, the proximity sensor can have a choke coil circuit and / or an electromechanical switch.
    In any system mentioned above, the RFID transponder may further include an active electromagnetic wave identification (RFID) device configured to transmit the wireless signal to one or more antennas, the active device for Identification using electromagnetic waves (RFID) is configured to get its power from a battery.
    The RFID transponder of any system mentioned above can transmit in a frequency range from about 800 MHz to about 1 GHz or about 2.4 GHz.
    In the system of any type mentioned above, the brush holder member may further include at least one cam member operatively connected to a shaft near a bottom of the brush holder member, the cam member being adapted to hold a brush against displacement within the brush holder member by presses it against the brush holder member until the brush holder member is fully inserted into the stationary support member.
    [0011] In addition, the stationary support member may further include a rod located near a lower end of the stationary support member, the rod being configured to engage and retain the at least one cam member so that the brush is free move and can come into contact with a collector of a dynamoelectric machine as soon as the brush holding element is essentially completely inserted into the stationary carrier element.
    In the system of the last-mentioned type, the stationary support element can furthermore have a chamfered recess, which is designed to cooperate with a locking pin on the brush holding element.
    In addition or alternatively, the stationary support element can furthermore have a plurality of holes which are set up to enable the attachment of the stationary support element to the collector holder, wherein the plurality of holes can be set up for attachment of a plurality of stationary support elements.
    Further additionally or further alternatively, the stationary carrier element and / or the brush holding element can consist of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
    In one embodiment, the stationary carrier element and / or the brush holding element can consist of a passivated or anodized aluminum or a passivated or anodized aluminum alloy, wherein at least a part of a surface of the stationary carrier element and / or the brush holding element can be set up in such a way that that it is essentially electrically insulating.
    In a further embodiment, the stationary carrier element and / or the brush holding element can consist of a powder-coated or lacquered aluminum, a powder-coated or lacquered aluminum alloy, a ceramic-coated metallic or ceramic-coated non-metallic material, at least part of a surface of the stationary carrier element and / or the brush holding element can be set up so that it is essentially electrically insulating.
    In the system of any of the types mentioned above, the brush holder may further include: a handle assembly that includes an electrically insulating handle with an electrically insulating protector configured to lie between the handle and brush connector leads, the handle assembly being one Contains locking pin which is adapted to cooperate with a chamfered recess in the stationary support element, wherein the handle assembly can be rotatably arranged so that the locking pin can be rotated into and out of the chamfered recess.
    In particular, the handle assembly may be configured to rotate 90 degrees, with a zero degree position configured to disengage the locking pin from the tapered recess so that the brush holder member can be removed from the stationary support member, and a 90-degree position is set up so that the locking pin engages in the chamfered recess, so that the brush holding element is completely locked to the stationary carrier element in the operating state.
    Additionally or alternatively, the handle assembly may further include a spring assembly mechanically connected to a brush connection pressure plate, the spring assembly being configured to apply pressure to one or more brush clamps, at least until the electrically insulating handle is in a locked position.
    In the system of any type mentioned above, the brush holding member may be configured to receive a single brush or multiple brushes.
    Additionally or alternatively, the brush holder member can be configured to clamp a brush clip between a clamp pressure plate and an opposite surface of the brush holder member, the brush clip being engageable without the use of any tools.
    In addition, the brush clip may include at least one of a curve, a rib, a hole, a protrusion or a recess, the brush holding member may include a complementary feature to the curvature, the rib, the hole, the protrusion or the recess to support the securing of the brush clamp on the brush holder.
    In a system of any type mentioned above, the brush holder can be configured to electrically and mechanically connect the electrical knife connector to a brush clip, wherein the electrical knife connector and the brush clip can be electrically isolated from a handle of the brush clip.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0024] These and other features of this invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description of examples of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate various embodiments of the invention, in which:
    1 illustrates a partial perspective view of a single brush holder installed on a horseshoe-shaped collector bracket in accordance with an example of the present invention;
    Fig. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the stationary support member according to an example of the present invention,
    3 illustrates a rear perspective view of the stationary support member 102 as shown in FIG. 2 according to an example of the present invention;
    Fig. 4 illustrates a front perspective view of the brush holder member according to an example of the present invention,
    5 illustrates a rear perspective view of the brush holder member according to an example of the present invention;
    Figure 6 illustrates a bottom view of the brush holder and cam members used to hold the brushes in accordance with an example of the present invention.
    7 illustrates a perspective view of a stationary support member according to an example of the present invention,
    8 illustrates a schematic view of a piston brush retainer that can be used with the brush holder according to an example of the present invention.
    9 illustrates a schematic view of a piston brush retainer that can be used with the brush holder according to an example of the present invention.
    10 illustrates a perspective view of a brush holder incorporating an RFID transponder for sensing brush wear, according to an example of the present invention;
    11 illustrates a perspective view of the RFID transponder of FIG. 10 in accordance with an example of the present invention,
    12 illustrates a simplified schematic view of a system in a dynamoelectric machine according to an example of the present invention,
    Figure 13 illustrates a simplified side view of the cam in two positions according to an example of the present invention.
    [0038] It should be noted that the drawings of the invention are not necessarily to scale. The drawings are intended to illustrate only typical examples of the invention and, therefore, are not to be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. In the drawings, like reference numerals represent the same elements among the drawings.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The invention provides a brush holder system which is used to conduct electrical current between a brush and a rotating element of a dynamoelectric machine (e.g. an electric generator, an electric motor etc.) and / or another rotating machine (e.g. A rotating crane) is set up. In particular, the invention provides a brush holder system that can help an operator safely remove / replace brushes in a dynamo-electric machine and / or other rotating machine.
    [0040] As described herein, conventional dynamoelectric machines include a rotor with windings that carry electrical current during operation of the machine. When the rotor is rotated, rotating elements are used to supply current to the rotor windings from a source outside the rotor. The rotating elements, such as slip rings or collectors, make contact with the brushes to conduct the current. Since the brushes are stationary with respect to the rotating elements, the carbon brushes wear out due to the friction and have to be replaced periodically.
    Because of the effort to keep downtime to a minimum during the operation of the dynamoelectric machine, the brushes are sometimes replaced during operation of the dynamoelectric machine. An operator uses a single hand to safely replace the brushes (to prevent electrical flow through the operator's body). Usual brush holders can be heavy and bulky, making brush replacement both difficult and dangerous.
    In contrast to conventional brush holders, an example of the invention includes a brush holder system for a dynamoelectric machine that includes a rotary cam brush holder. This brush holder in cam style can enable efficient and harmless installation and / or removal of brushes on or of dynamoelectric machines.
    Figure 1 illustrates a partial perspective view of a single brush holder installed on a horseshoe-shaped collector bracket in accordance with an example of the present invention. A brush holder or horseshoe-shaped collector holder 110 is mounted over a slip ring 120. The slip ring rotates together with the rotor (not shown). Several brushes and corresponding brush holders are attached to the horseshoe-shaped collector carrier, and these are at least partially distributed around the slip ring. In this example, only a single brush holder device 100 is shown attached to the horseshoe-shaped collector bracket 110. The brush holder device 100 may be bolted to the horseshoe-shaped collector bracket, or any other suitable method may be used. The brush holder device 100 includes a stationary support member 102 and a brush holder member 104. The stationary support member 102 is arranged for electrical connection to the collector holder (i.e. the horseshoe-shaped collector holder 110), e.g. by being made of a conductive material or containing a conductive material. The brush holding element 104 is designed to hold the brush (contained in it) at least in the axial and circumferential directions.
    Fig. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the stationary support member 102 according to an example of the present invention. The stationary support member 102 includes at least one groove 210 (two are shown in FIG. 2) and an electrical connector fork 220. The electrical connector fork 220 may extend to one or both sides of the stationary support member, or alternatively, the electrical connector fork 220 may be located only centrally be without extending to the sides of the stationary support member. In an upper part of the stationary carrier element 102 there is a beveled recess 230, and the recess 230 is designed to interact with a locking pin 450 on the brush holding element. The locking pin could also be replaced by a rod or a pawl or a projection or a disc with a ramp-shaped surface. The chamfering of the recess 230 causes the brush holder member to be forced down into the connector 220 when the locking pin 450 is rotated. A rod 240 may be located near a lower end of the stationary support member 102, and this rod is configured to engage and retain a cam on the brush holder member 104. The rod 240 also serves to limit how far the brush holder member 104 can be inserted into the stationary carrier member 102. The brush holder member 104 is fixed in position relative to the stationary support member 102 between the locking pin 450 above and the rod 240 below. The rod 240 is completely contained in the profile of the stationary support element 102 and does not protrude beyond this profile. A plurality of holes 250 are provided and configured to support the attachment of the stationary support member 102 to the collector bracket (or the horseshoe-shaped collector bracket 110). Holes 250 may be internally threaded for use with mechanical fasteners such as bolts or screws. In addition, the holes 250 can be provided on both sides of the stationary support element 102, so that they are designed for the attachment of a plurality of stationary support elements 102 together in a stacked or adjacent arrangement. This can be desirable if many brushes are stacked side by side. For example, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or more brushes can be arranged at a circumferential location on the horseshoe-shaped collector carrier 110. A conductive spacer plate (or spacer bar) 260 may be located on one or more sides of the stationary support member 102. The conductive spacer plate / bar 260 is configured to provide electrical conductivity with the collector bracket (the horseshoe-shaped collector bracket 110) and / or a second stationary bracket member (e.g., connected to the side of the first stationary bracket member).
    FIG. 3 illustrates a rear perspective view of the stationary support member 102 as shown in FIG. 2, according to an example of the present invention. The conductive rod 260 runs through part of the main body 103 of the stationary support member and is configured to provide electrical conductivity with the collector bracket 110 and / or the electrical connector fork 110. This arrangement enables complete electrical isolation of the stationary support 102 and the passage of current from the horseshoe support 110 through the conductive bar 260 to the fork 220. Holes 250 are formed in the conductive bar 260 for attachment to the horseshoe support 110. In alternative embodiments, the conductive rod 260 can be extended to allow multiple stationary support pieces 102 to be attached to the same (longer) conductive rod 260. The conductive rod 260 may be attached to the stationary support 102 and the fork 220 via bolts that pass through the bottom of the stationary support up through the conductive rod 260 and into the electrical fork 220 and / or one or more lugs / holes on the stationary support 102 and the fork 220 run, be attached. In this example, a lug 270 is shown on each side of the electric fork 220. The electrical connector fork 220 may also be integrally formed with the conductive rod 260.
    The stationary support member 102 may be configured to receive one, two (as shown), three or more brush holder members. A preferred version would be a stationary support element which receives one or two brushes, and a plurality of stationary support elements can be arranged side by side for applications which require a specific number of brushes at a predetermined location on the circumference on the horseshoe-shaped collector support. The stationary support member 102 and / or the brush holder member may be (or consist of) substantially aluminum, an aluminum alloy, stainless steel, or any other suitable electrically conductive or electrically non-conductive material as desired in the specific application. The stationary support member 102 and the brush holder member 104 may, as a non-limiting example only, be made (or consist of) substantially of a passivated or anodized aluminum or a passivated or anodized aluminum alloy. This material gives good strength while providing an electrically insulating or electrically partially insulating material. It is desirable that current flow through the brush holder body be minimized and current flow through the brushes and the electrical path of the brush holder designed for this current flow should be concentrated. It would also be desirable to minimize (or even block) any flow of current to parts that a technician may be able to detect upon insertion or removal. It is also desirable to avoid the possibility that the current arcs directly from the slip ring 120 to the brush holder member 104 or the stationary support member 102 when a brush 432 is worn and can no longer be part of the path for the current. At least part of a surface of the stationary carrier element and / or the brush holding element is set up to be essentially electrically insulating. For example, the handle of the brush holder should be substantially electrically insulating to protect a technician when inserting or removing the brush holder on a running machine. Alternatively, the stationary carrier element and the brush holding element can essentially be made (or consist) of a powder-coated or painted aluminum or a powder-coated or painted aluminum alloy or a powder-coated metallic or powder-coated non-metallic material or a ceramic-coated metallic or ceramic-coated non-metallic material.
    4 illustrates a front perspective view of the brush holder member 104 according to an example of the present invention. 5 illustrates a rear perspective view of the brush holder member 104 according to an example of the present invention. The brush holding member 104 is configured to be releasably attached to the stationary support member 102. At least one rail 410 is configured to slide along the groove 210. In the example shown, the brush holder 104 includes two rails 410, one on each side of the brush holder. An electrical knife connector 420 configured to mate with the electrical connector fork 220 is located on the back of the brush holder 104. A brush holder 430 holds one or more brushes 432 in the axial and circumferential directions. In the example shown, the box 430 holds two brushes 432. Brushes 432 are biased radially downward by two brush springs 434. Openings 431 form windows in box 430 and allow brushes 432 to be seen and visually monitored for wear.
    The brush holder member 104 includes a handle assembly 440 with an electrically insulating handle 442 and an electrically insulating guard 444 or shield located between the handle 442 and the brush connector leads 436. The brush connector lines 463 carry high voltage and high current during the operation of the dynamoelectric machine, so that they represent a danger that must be avoided. The electrically insulating handle 442 and guard 444 prevent a technician's hand from coming into contact with the energized brush connector leads 436. Handle 442 and guard 444 may be made of a plastic, rubber, fiberglass-epoxy composite, fiberglass, or other suitable electrically insulating material.
    The locking pin 450 is configured to cooperate with the chamfered recess 230 in the stationary support member 102. The handle assembly can rotate, and as it rotates, the locking pin 450 can be rotated into or out of the tapered recess 230. The views of FIGS. 4 and 5 show the locking pin 450 and handle 442 aligned in the locked position. In this locked position, the locking pin 450 is fully inserted into the recess 230 and the beveled surface drives the locking pin radially downward. That is, the handle assembly 440 is configured to be rotated approximately 90 degrees with a zero degree position configured to disengage the locking pin 450 from the tapered recess 230 so that the brush holder 104 is released from the stationary Carrier element 102 can be removed. A 90 degree position (as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5) is arranged for the locking pin 450 to engage in the tapered recess 230 so that the brush holder member 104 locks to the stationary support member 102 in the operative condition is. With handle 442 parallel to lock pin 450 and lock pin 450 passing through tapered recess 230, the operator can easily see that brush holder 104 is fully inserted and locked in place in stationary carrier 102.
    A spring assembly 460 is housed in the handle assembly 440 and the spring assembly is mechanically connected to the brush clamp pressure plate 470 (two of which are shown). The brush clamp pressure plate can be a one-piece piece that runs through the shaft of the handle, but could also be made from two pieces. Brushes 432 are connected to brush clips 438 via brush connector lines (or leads) 436. The brush clips 438 are electrically connected to the electrical knife connector 420. For example, the electrical knife connector includes an electrically conductive base member that extends under each brush clip 438, thereby creating an electrically conductive path. The spring assembly 460 biases the pressure plates 470 downward, and this downward pressure holds the brush clips in place and abuts the base member of the electrical knife connector 420. This is particularly advantageous when the brush holder member 104 is inserted into (or removed from) the stationary support member 102. It is advisable to use only one hand to manually insert or remove the brushes, and the spring assembly ensures that no second hand is required to hold the brush clips 438 in place. Once the brush holder 104 is fully inserted into the stationary support member, the handle 442 is rotated 90 degrees (to a locked position) and the tapered recess 230 forces the locking pin 450 (as well as the brush holder 104) radially downward, adding additional force the brush clamps 438 is applied. An advantage of this construction is that the brush retainer 104 is configured to clamp a brush clamp 438 between a clamp pressure plate 470 and an opposite surface of the brush retainer (ie, the electrically conductive base member of the electrical knife connector 420) so that the brush clamp engages without using any tools brought or solved. Only the respective parts need to be placed manually. Minimizing or eliminating the use of specific tools can greatly simplify work on dynamoelectric machines and increase safety, especially when they are in operation and live.
    As illustrated, the brush box 430 is configured to receive two brushes 432. However, box 430 can be configured to hold a single brush 432 (by reducing the width of the box) or three or more brushes (by increasing the width of the box and by providing additional individual brush openings). Brush clip 438 includes an upward curve located at a distal end thereof. This curvature helps to keep the brush clamp in place under the pressure plate 470. The curvature could also be replaced by a rib or a rail. A hole or a notch could also be provided in the brush clamp, which cooperates with a complementary feature on the clamp pressure plate 470 or the electrically conductive base element of the electrical knife connector 420. For example, if the brush clip 438 had a hole in its center, the pressure plate 470 could have a complementary pin that would be positioned to engage the hole in the brush clip. This complementary feature on the brush holding member enables the brush clip to be secured to the brush holding member. The reverse could also be used where the brush clamp has a complementary pin and the pressure plate has the hole. In this arrangement, the brush holder member 104 is configured to electrically and mechanically connect the electrical knife connector 220 to the brush clip 438, while both the electrical knife connector 220 and the brush clip 438 are electrically isolated from the handle 442.
    When the brush 432 wears due to the frictional engagement with the rotor slip ring 120, the brush spring 434 keeps the eroding surface of the brush 432 in contact with the rotor slip ring 120. The brush spring 434 is arranged to press the brush 432 radially downward and against the slip ring 120, because the spring 434 is tensioned to contract again. In this way, the winding at the upper end of the spring 434 wants to contract or wind down again, whereby the brush 432 is subjected to a radial downward force. The brush spring 434 contains a curved carrier plate 435 immediately behind and above the spiral spring 434. The spring 434 can be riveted to the underside of the curved carrier plate 435. The curved carrier plate 435 can also have an angled tab which is set up for insertion into a complementary recess in the brush holding element 104. The brush spring 434 and the curved support plate 435 are flexible so that the angled tab can be moved into the complementary recess for inserting the brush spring and out of the complementary recess for removing the brush spring. Brush spring 434 and curved support plate 435 are also configured to line up with cam member 610 configured to retain brush 432 in abutment with brush holder member or boxes 430. This arrangement on a line is oriented in such a way that possible jamming is reduced or ruled out and smooth operation is permitted between the spring 434, the brush 432 and the cam elements 610.
    Fig. 6 illustrates a bottom view of the brush holder 104 and cam members 610 used to hold the brushes 432 in accordance with an example of the present invention. A cam member 610 is operatively connected to the shaft 620 near an underside of the brush holder member 104. The cam member 610 is configured to hold the brush 432 in contact with the brush holder member or boxes 430 until the brush holder member 104 is fully inserted into the stationary support member 102. The cam member 610 has a constant angle cam shape and is mounted on the shaft 620 with a spring 612 (e.g., a torsion spring). The constant angle cam shape matches the geometry of a logarithmic spiral. That is, no matter how far the cam member 610 is rotated to reach the surface of the brush 432, the cam 610 and the brush 432 at the same angle and with the same large force to cause the brush to shift within the brush holder member 104 resist, touched. Not all brushes may be exactly the same size, so it is important that each cam member 610 be free to rotate independently on shaft 620 to fill the actual gap between shaft 620 and the surface of the corresponding brush 432.
    Fig. 13 illustrates a simplified side view of the cam 610 in two positions in accordance with an example of the present invention. When the brush holder member 104 is not fully inserted into the stationary carrier 102, the cam 610 is rotated downward and into contact with the brush 432. Once the brush holder member 104 is fully inserted into the stationary carrier 102, the cam 610 '(shown in phantom) is pushed upward by the rod 240 (shown in phantom) and away from the brush 432.
    The spring 612 biases the cam member 610 toward the brush 432. When the brush 432 is moved radially downward through the box 430, the cam member 610 comes into contact (via a wedge action) with the brush 432 and prevents further downward movement of the brush 432. In effect, the cam member 610 prevents the brush from simply passing through the box 430 fall. The cam member 610 and spring 612 are configured so that the cam 610 does not damage the brush 432 and that the insertion and removal of the brush 432 can be accomplished without using tools (i.e., it can be easily done by hand). In use, brushes 432 are built into boxes 430 and cam members 610 hold brushes 432 in place. The brush holding element 104 can now be inserted into the stationary carrier element 102. When the cam members 610 come into contact with the rod 240 (which occurs when the brush holder 104 has been almost, if not fully, inserted into the stationary support member 102), the cam members (from the rod 240) are pushed up and pulled back from brushes 432. This action enables the brushes 432 to descend onto the slip ring 120. Conversely, each cam member 610 loses contact with the rod 240 and regains contact with its brush 432 when the brush holder member 104 is unlocked and pulled away from the stationary support member 102. This ensures that the brush 432 loses contact with the slip ring 120 and is pulled away with the brush holding element 104. Additionally, when the brush retainer 104 is pulled away from the stationary support 102, the cam members 610 illustrated and described herein can allow one-handed (e.g., single operator hand) installation and / or replacement of brushes 432 without the use of additional brush replacement tools. This can have advantages over conventional systems and methods, e.g. Security and efficiency advantages.
    Figure 7 illustrates a perspective view of a stationary support member 702 according to an example of the present invention. The stationary support member 702 is an alternative embodiment and includes two opposing grooves 710 and an electrical connector fork 720. The electrical connector fork 720 may extend to one or both sides of the stationary support member, or alternatively the electrical connector fork may be located only centrally without being to extend to the sides of the stationary support member (as shown). In an upper part of the stationary carrier element 702 there is a beveled recess 730, and the recess 730 is arranged to cooperate with a locking pin 450 on the brush holding element. The upper tapered surface of the recess 730 causes the brush holder member to be forced down into the connector 720 as the locking pin 450 is rotated into the recess. A rod 740 is located near a lower end of the stationary support member 702, and this rod 740 is arranged to engage and hold a cam on the brush holder member 104. Multiple holes 750 are provided and configured to allow the attachment of the stationary support member 702 to the collector bracket (or the horseshoe-shaped collector bracket 110). Holes 750 may be internally threaded for use with mechanical fasteners such as bolts or screws. In addition, the holes 750 can be provided on both sides of the stationary support element 702, so that they are designed for the attachment of a plurality of stationary support elements 102 together in a stacked or adjacent arrangement. The connector fork 720 is electrically connected to the horseshoe-shaped collector 110 by the stationary support member 702.
    Figures 8 and 9 illustrate a schematic view of a piston brush retainer that can be used with the brush holder, according to an example of the present invention. FIG. 8 shows the brush 432 held by the piston brush retainer and FIG. 9 shows the retracted piston brush retainer allowing the brush 432 to be lowered onto the slip ring 120. Figures 8 and 9 illustrate an alternative method of holding brush 432 against sliding in holder or box 830. The stationary support is illustrated by 802 and the brush holder by 804. Instead of using a rotating cam 610 (see Fig. 5 6) A plunger brush retainer with a plunger brush retainer 810 can be used to touch and hold the brush 432. 8 shows the piston brush retainer 810, which is configured to hold the brush 432 in contact with the brush 432. The piston brush retainer 810 is connected to a rotating or pivoting rod 812 and a contour follower 813 by a pivot bearing 814. The upper end of the pivot rod 812 is pivoted (or biased) away from the brush holder case (or brush holder member) 830 by a piston spring 816. In this way, spring 816 biases piston 810 against brush 432. 8, the spring 816 is in the extended position, which corresponds to the insertion and removal of the brush holder member 804. Note that the contour follower 813 is guided past a portion of the contoured surface 803 of the inner wall of the stationary support 802 that is further away from the brush holder 804 (or brush box 830). When the brush holder member 804 reaches its fully inserted position in the stationary support 802 shown in FIG. 9, the contoured surface 803 is closer to the brush box 830 so that the contour follower 813 is forced closer to the brush box 830. This action compresses the spring 816, rotates / pivots the rod 812 about the pivot bearing 814, and retracts the piston brush retainer 810. The pivot rod 812 and the contour follower 813 are thus set up to follow the contoured surface 803 of the stationary carrier element 802. Once the piston 810 is withdrawn (from the brush 432), the brush 432 is allowed to slide freely inside the brush box 830 and then fall onto the slip ring 120. During the insertion or removal of the brush holder member 804, the brush 432 is held against the brush box 830. As soon as the brush holding element 804 is fully inserted into the stationary carrier element 802, the piston 810 is withdrawn and the brush is released so that it can be lowered onto the collector 120 (with the aid of the brush spring 834).
    Fig. 10 illustrates a perspective view of a brush holder according to an example of the present invention. The brush holder member 1004 includes a wireless RFID (radio frequency identification) transponder 1000 that is mounted (or attached) to the brush holder member box 1030. Separate RFID transponders 1000 may be used to monitor each brush 1032 in a brush holder 1030, or an RFID transponder 1000 (as shown in FIG. 10) may be used to monitor a single brush 1032 to provide representative feedback on the behavior of several To give brushes 1032. The RFID transponder 1000 is configured to monitor the wear of the brush 1032 and to communicate the brush wear status to a monitoring system. The RFID transponder 1000 contains a main body 1001, which is set up for attachment to the brush box 1030. Adhesive (not shown) can be placed between the main body 1001 and the brush box 1030 in order to securely fasten the RFID transponder at the desired location. Alternatively, magnets or fastening elements (e.g. bolts or screws) or Velcro fasteners could also be used to attach the RFID transponder to the brush holder. The RFID transponder 1000 contains a proximity sensor 1010, which is configured to detect the presence of the brush 1032 located at least partially in the interior of the brush holder 1030. The RFID transponder 1000 contains a temperature sensor 1020, which is configured to detect the temperature of the brush holder 1030 and / or an air temperature close to the brush holder 1030. The proximity sensor 1010 is arranged or positioned in or above a viewing window 1031.
    The RFID transponder 1000 is configured to transmit a wireless signal that is characteristic of, or can be used to determine, the remaining life of the brush 1032 and / or an abnormal operating condition of the brush above an extremely high or low temperature. The wireless signal can be converted to an indication of a normal or abnormal brush operating condition or an indication of the remaining life of the brushes 1032. For example, a brush temperature that is too high or too low may indicate an abnormal operating condition of the brush, whereas a temperature within normal operating parameters may indicate a normal operating condition. A signal from the proximity sensor 1010 may be convertible to an indication of the remaining life of the brush 1032 and this indication may be an indication or indication of a binary type (e.g. GOOD or EXCHANGE) or it may have a greater specificity (e.g. GOOD (or more than a minimum period), 5 weeks remaining, 4 weeks remaining, 3 weeks remaining, 2 weeks remaining etc.). It goes without saying that time stages of different sizes (e.g. years, months, weeks, days, hours etc.) or specific brush lengths (e.g. mm, cm etc.) can also be used to determine or display the remaining brush lifetime.
    [0060] FIG. 11 illustrates a perspective view of the RFID transponder 1000 according to an example of the present invention. The RFID transponder 1000 contains a proximity sensor 1010 on or in the main body 1001. The proximity sensor 1010 is configured to detect the presence and / or position of a brush 1032 located inside the brush box 1030. Proximity sensor 1010 may be a choke coil circuit, an electromechanical switch, or any other suitable proximity sensing device. For example, the inductor circuit could be configured to provide a signal representative of a position of the brush inside the brush holder, as described hereinafter. The main body 1001 may also include a temperature sensor 1020, and the temperature sensor 1020 is configured to sense the temperature of the brush box 1030 and / or the air temperature close to the brush box 1030. The temperature sensor 1020 can be a resistor, a resistance thermometer (RTD), a thermistor, a thermocouple, or any other suitable temperature measuring device.
    The RFID transponder 1000 is configured to send a wireless signal to a remote location (e.g., one or more antennas), and this wireless signal is representative of the remaining life of the brushes 1032. For example, "representative" is defined as being capable of being used to determine the condition, condition, and / or position of the brush 1032 in the brush box 1030. The condition, condition or position can be a PASS (e.g. good) or a FAIL (e.g. replace). Alternatively, the position of the top of the brush 1032 can be detected (by a choke coil or an electromechanical switch) as it moves past the proximity sensor 1010, and this changing position can be used to estimate the remaining life of the brush in a period of time (e.g., 2 weeks) the lifetime until an exchange is required) can be used. Deploying multiple proximity sensors 1010 at different locations on the RFID transponder 1000 that correspond to multiple brush lengths could be used to identify multiple levels of wear.
    To reduce the power consumption, the RFID transponder 1000 preferably consists of low voltage and low current components. This makes it possible for the RFID transponder 1000 to be either completely passive (insofar as it receives all of its power from the interrogation signals sent by the antenna (s) 1230) or that a battery in each RFID transponder 1000 has a long service life Has. Since the RFID transponder 1000 does not derive its energy from the current or voltage in the brush 1032, the device and the system 1200 can be fully operational when the dynamoelectric machine is neither energized nor in operation. The passive or active RFID transponder 1000 can be configured to have low power consumption, and these low power consumption levels result in significantly improved results because no cables leading to each individual brush are required. These results were unexpected because such a low power device was not expected to perform satisfactorily in the environment of a dynamoelectric machine, however tests have shown that the system and device described herein are accurate and reliable results have been achieved.
    The RFID transponder 1000 can be configured as a device or a transponder for identification by means of electromagnetic waves (RFID) which can send and / or receive wireless signals to a receiving antenna. The RFID device can transmit in a frequency range from approximately 800 MHz to approximately 1 GHz or approximately 2.4 GHz or any other suitable frequency range. The RFID device can be configured as a passive device and receive its power from an interrogation signal, such as that from a remote or nearby antenna (e.g., one or more antennas) 1230, as in FIG. 12 shown) is received. The RFID device can also be configured as an active RFID device that contains its own energy source (eg, a battery 1050) and sends its output to the external antenna 1230 but does not need an interrogation signal, or it can be configured as a battery-powered passive RFID Be configured in which energy is obtained from an internal energy source and the interrogation signal from an external source, eg the antenna 1230.
    [0064] The RFID transponder 1000 can include a variety of circuits and devices with low energy consumption. The RFID transponder 1000 contains, as a non-limiting example only, a proximity sensor 1010, which can be a choke coil, a temperature sensor 1020, an antenna 1025 and an RFID chip 1040. It goes without saying that additional or different circuits, components and ICs (integrated circuits) could be used to form the device.
    Figure 12 illustrates a simplified schematic view of a system in a dynamoelectric machine according to an example of the present invention. System 1200 includes one or more brush holders 1210, each configured to hold one or more brushes 1220, and brush holder 1210 is configured for use in a dynamoelectric machine 1205. The dynamoelectric machine can be, for example, a generator with a rotating DC field or a rotating AC armature or a motor. An RFID transponder 1000 is attached to the brush holder 1210, and the RFID transponder 1000 contains one or more proximity sensors that are configured to detect the presence of the brush 1220 that is at least partially inside the brush holder 1210. The RFID transponder 1000 may also include a temperature sensor configured to sense the temperature of the brush holder 1210 and / or an air temperature close to the brush holder 1210. The RFID transponder 1000 is configured to transmit a wireless signal to one or more antennas 1230 located in or near the dynamoelectric machine 1205, the one or more antennas 1230 to receive the wireless signal from (and in some embodiments) configured to send energy to) the RFID transponder 1000. The wireless signal is representative of, or can be used to determine, the remaining life of the brush 1220. Since each RFID transponder 1000 can be assigned a unique identification code, it is possible to determine the condition or condition of each brush 1220.
    The system 1200 can send data to a local or remote monitoring station or system 1240. A technician can view the data received (from the wireless signals) and monitor the condition or condition of each brush in the dynamo-electric machine 1205. The data relating to each brush can be displayed in graphical or tabular form and could be converted into an indication of the remaining life of each brush or the time until the brush fails or the time until replacement is needed.
    The device, brush holder and system are configured to monitor various conditions of the brush and / or the brush holder using sensor types, which include: temperature, electromagnetic, pressure, strain, acceleration, resistance, Electromechanical, magnetoresistance, Hall effect, current measurement and / or other suitable devices. To evaluate the general condition of the brush / collector device of the dynamoelectric machine, the device and sensor (s) can be located on (in physical contact with) and / or close to a brush holder. In a special embodiment, the brush position and / or temperature measurements provide a mechanism for determining whether and when a brush change or adjustment should be carried out.
    An advantage offered by the present invention is that the RFID transponder 1000 can be added to an existing brush holder, so that the brush itself does not need to be modified. Since the brush is a "consumable", this gives the user an economic advantage because he can buy, use and replace standard brushes at a low cost. The device and system described herein also avoid the use of additional cables attached to the brush holder or the brush itself. The “additional cable” approach has the potential for additional short-circuit paths and heavily noisy signals from the neighboring energized components. It also interferes with the visual inspection and brush replacement process. The present invention also has the advantage of eliminating sensors physically attached to or embedded in the brush. This reduces costs and eliminates the possibility of the brush being adversely affected as it slides along the brush holder, since any add-on attached to the brush offers the possibility of the brush getting stuck in the brush holder. If a brush gets stuck and no longer slides down in the brush holder, a gap will form between the brush and the collector, and this could lead to undesirable arcing and ultimately to machine failures. It can also be fully operational when the rest of the dynamoelectric machine is not operating.
    The brush holder system according to the present invention can be used with or applied to a dynamoelectric machine (s). Dynamoelectric machines can include, as non-limiting examples only, motors and generators with either a rotating DC field or a rotating AC armature. The present invention demonstrates significantly improved results that were unexpected because it now enables one-handed insertion and removal without the use of any tools and isolates and protects a user's hand from or against contact with energized (electrically powered) brush leads on running dynamoelectric machines.
    It is contemplated that the singular form "a / a" and "the / the / that" used herein also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly stipulates otherwise. Furthermore, it is understood that the terms “comprise” / “comprise” and / or “have” / “comprehensive”, when used in this description, the presence of specified features, integers, steps, processes, elements and / or Specify components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more characteristics, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups from them.
    [0071] This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, including the manufacture and use of equipment and systems, and the implementation of integrated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such further examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the wording of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insignificant differences from the wording of the claims.
    A brush holder system includes a stationary support member having at least one groove and an electrical connector fork. A brush holding element is set up for releasable attachment to the stationary carrier element. The brush holding element has at least one rail which is set up for sliding along the at least one groove. The brush holding element has an electrical knife connector, which is set up to mate with the electrical connector fork. A radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder is mounted on the brush holding member, and the RFID transponder is configured to monitor brush wear and to communicate brush wear status to a monitoring system. The stationary carrier element is set up for electrical connection to a collector holder, and the brush holding element is set up for holding at least one brush.
    Reference symbol list:
    100 brush holder device 102 stationary carrier element 103 main body 104 brush holder element 110 horseshoe-shaped collector carrier 120 slip ring 210 groove 220 electrical connector fork 230 chamfered recess 240 rod 250 holes 260 conductive spacer plate 270 tabs 410 rail 420 electrical knife connector 430 brush holder box 431 opening 432 brush 434 brush spring 435 curved carrier plate 436 Brush connector line 438 Brush clamps 440 Handle arrangement 442 Handle 444 Insulating protection 450 Locking pin 460 Spring arrangement 470 Terminal pressure plate 610 Cam element 610 'cam element 612 Spring 620 Shaft 702 Stationary support element 710 grooves 720 Electrical connector fork 730 Beveled recess 740 rod 750 Holes 802 Stationary support element 803 Contoured surface 8010 Brush holder element Piston brush retention 812 swivel rod 813 contour follower 814 swivel bearing 816 spring 830 brush holder box 1000 RFID transponder 1001 main body per 1004 brush holding element 1010 proximity sensor 1020 temperature sensor 1025 antenna 1030 brush box 1031 viewing window 1032 brush 1040 RFID chip 1200 system 1205 dynamoelectric machine 1210 brush holder 1220 brush 1230 antenna 1240 monitoring station
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Brush holder system which has:a stationary support member (102, 702, 802) having at least one groove (210, 710), the stationary support member (102, 702, 802) having an electrical connector fork (220, 720);a brush holder member (104, 804, 1004) configured for releasable attachment to the stationary support member (102, 702, 802), the brush holder member (104, 804, 1004) having at least one rail (410) for sliding along the at least one groove (210, 710) is configured, the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) having an electrical knife connector (420) which is configured to mate with the electrical connector fork (220, 720);an RFID transponder (1000) mounted on the brush holder member (104, 804, 1004), the RFID transponder (1000) configured to monitor brush wear and to communicate brush wear status to a monitoring system; andwherein the stationary carrier element (102, 702, 802) is set up for electrical connection to a collector holder and the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) is set up to hold at least one brush (1032, 1220).
    [2]
    2. The system of claim 1, wherein the RFID transponder (1000) further comprises:a proximity sensor (1010), which is set up to detect the presence of the at least one brush (1032, 1220), which is arranged at least partially inside the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004), and wherein the RFID transponder (1000) for Sending a wireless signal regarding the position of the brush (1032, 1220);one or more antennas (1025, 1030) arranged in or close to a dynamo-electric machine (1205), the one or more antennas (1025, 1030) for receiving the wireless signal from the RFID transponder (1000 ) is or are set up; andwherein the wireless signal with respect to the position of the brush (1032, 1220) can be converted into an indication of a remaining service life of the at least one brush (1032, 1220) and can be represented in a display of a monitoring station (1240).
    [3]
    3. The system of claim 2, wherein the RFID transponder (1000) further comprises:a temperature sensor (1020), which is configured to detect a temperature of the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) and / or air close to the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004); andwherein the wireless signal also relates to the brush temperature and a normal or abnormal operating condition of the at least one brush (1032, 1220) can be represented in the display of the monitoring station (1240);wherein the proximity sensor (1010) preferably has a choke coil circuit and / or an electromechanical switch.
    [4]
    4. System according to claim 2 or 3,the RFID transponder (1000) transmitting in a frequency range from 800 MHz to 1 GHz or 2.4 GHz.
    [5]
    5. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) further comprises:at least one cam member (610, 610 ') operatively connected to a shaft (620) near an underside of the brush holder member (104, 804, 1004), the cam member (610, 610') for holding a brush (1032, 1220 ) against displacement within the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004), the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) being completely inserted in the stationary carrier element (102, 702, 802).
    [6]
    6. The system of claim 5, wherein the stationary support member (102, 702, 802) further comprises at least one of the following:a rod (240, 740) located near a lower end of the stationary support member (102, 702, 802), the rod (240, 740) configured to mate with the at least one cam member (610, 610 ') To come into engagement and to hold it back so that the brush (1032, 1220) can move freely and come into contact with a collector of a dynamoelectric machine (1205) as soon as the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) is completely in the stationary carrier element ( 102, 702, 802) is used;a tapered recess (230, 730) configured to cooperate with a locking pin (450) on the brush holder member (104, 804, 1004); and ora plurality of holes (250, 750) configured to support attachment of the stationary support member (102, 702, 802) to the collector bracket, the plurality of holes (250, 750) for attachment of a plurality of stationary support members (102, 702 , 802) are set up.
    [7]
    7. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the stationary carrier element (102, 702, 802) and / or the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) consists or consist of a passivated or anodized aluminum or a passivated or anodized aluminum alloy and wherein at least part of a surface of the stationary carrier element (102, 702, 802) and / or the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) is set up in such a way that it is electrically insulating; and orwherein the stationary carrier element (102, 702, 802) and / or the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) consists or consist of a powder-coated or lacquered aluminum, a powder-coated or lacquered aluminum alloy, a ceramic-coated metallic or ceramic-coated non-metallic material, and at least a part of a surface of the stationary carrier element (102, 702, 802) and / or the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) is set up in such a way that it is electrically insulating.
    [8]
    The system of claim 6 or 7, wherein the brush holder member (104, 804, 1004) further comprises:a handle assembly (440) comprising an electrically isolating handle (442) with an electrically isolating protector configured to be positioned between the handle (442) and brush connector leads, the locking pin (450) in the handle assembly (440) is contained, which is designed to cooperate with the bevelled recess (230, 730) in the stationary carrier element (102, 702, 802),wherein the handle assembly (440) is rotatably arranged so that the locking pin (450) can be rotated into and out of the beveled recess (230, 730);wherein the handle assembly (440) can be configured to rotate 90 degrees, with a zero degree position configured such that the locking pin (450) disengages from the tapered recess (230, 730) so that the brush holder member ( 104, 804, 1004) can be removed from the stationary support element (102, 702, 802), and a 90 degree position is set up in such a way that the locking pin (450) engages in the chamfered recess (230, 730) , so that the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) is locked to the stationary carrier element (102, 702, 802) in the operating state; andthe handle assembly (440) further comprising a spring assembly (460) mechanically connected to a brush clamp pressure plate, the spring assembly (460) configured to apply pressure to one or more brush clamps (438), at least until the electrically insulating handle (442) is in a locked position.
    [9]
    9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) is designed to receive a single brush (1032, 1220) or a plurality of brushes (1032, 1220) and / orwherein the brush holder member (104, 804, 1004) is adapted to clamp the at least one brush clip (438) between the brush clip pressure plate and an opposite surface of the brush holder member (104, 804, 1004), and wherein the brush clip (438) is used without using tools in Intervention.
    [10]
    The system of claim 9, wherein the brush clip (438) includes at least one of the following:a curvature, rib, hole, protrusion or notch, the brush holding member (104, 804, 1004) including a complementary feature to the curvature, rib, hole, protrusion or notch to secure the brush clamp (438) on the brush holder member (104, 804, 1004); and orthe brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) being set up to electrically and mechanically connect the electrical knife connector (420) to a brush clamp (438), and the electrical knife connector (420) and the brush clamp (438) being removed from a handle ( 442) of the brush holding element (104, 804, 1004) are electrically insulated.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20150357780A1|2015-12-10|
    JP6635684B2|2020-01-29|
    DE102015107984A1|2015-12-10|
    JP2016007127A|2016-01-14|
    US9762015B2|2017-09-12|
    CH709773A2|2015-12-15|
    CN105305196A|2016-02-03|
    CN105305196B|2019-05-10|
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    法律状态:
    2017-03-15| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: GENERAL ELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY GMBH GLOBAL PATENT, CH |
    2019-05-31| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: FREIGUTPARTNERS IP LAW FIRM DR. ROLF DITTMANN, CH |
    2021-01-29| PLX| Patent declared invalid from date of grant onwards|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US14/300,319|US9762015B2|2014-06-10|2014-06-10|Brush holder apparatus and system|
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