• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Device for measuring bioelectric signals on a human head, which are picked up by electrodes, the electrodes being attached to one or more fixing elements, characterized in that the device is a holding device (1) comprising a central element (3), which can be arranged cranially medially on a head and from which bending beam-like elements (2) extend away, at their free ends of the respective electrodes (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6'", 6 "") are fixed, wherein the bending beam-like elements (2) are formed like a cannula and are pre-bent such that the electrodes (6, 6 ', 6' ', 6''', 6'''') in the mounted state exert a contact pressure on the head in which the bending beam-like elements (2) extend arcuately away from the central unit (3) and are bent towards the free end (5) in such a way that the electrodes (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6'", 6 ' '' ') At the intended measuring point At least almost vertically impinge and wherein the bending beam-like elements (2) are bent such that they touch in the mounted state only with the electrodes (6, 6 ', 6' ', 6' '', 6 '' '') the head.
    公开号:CH708652B1
    申请号:CH00131/15
    申请日:2013-07-31
    公开日:2017-07-14
    发明作者:Wandernoth Bernhard
    申请人:Wandernoth Bernhard；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to a device for measuring bioelectrical signals picked up by electrodes, the electrodes being attached to one or more fixing elements.
    Background of the Invention Devices for generating electroencephalograms are known in various designs. For this purpose, electrode assemblies are necessary for attachment to a living being, which measure the bioelectric signals on the living being. Specially designed electrodes, so-called "EEG electrodes", are used to measure the brain waves of a particular person. They are also known in various embodiments.
    Definitions [0003] The term "EEG" is understood to mean electroencephalographies that are suitable, in particular, to measure brain waves.
    Background Art [0004] The electrodes themselves are arranged in holders, which in turn are placed upside down on a cap or a net-like structure of the subject. Such caps or nets are often made of an elastic, preferably rubber-like material. The electrodes themselves are then fixed by clamping elements on this net-like structure. Such net-like structures, since they also contain metallic elements in particular, are perceived by the subject as very unpleasant, especially because they exert an increased pressure on the scalp. However, this increased pressure is necessary for the electrodes - preferably wet electrodes - to receive appropriate contact with the scalp. However, the pressure leads to possible obstruction of the circulation in the head and thereby the results obtained with the measurement can also be falsified. The attachment itself is done with a locally applied paste, cream or emulsion or a gel. This form is also perceived by the subject as very unpleasant.
    For example, WO 2001/011857 A1 discloses an electrode arrangement. The holding means provided herein serve to attach the electrodes to the scalp of the subject, so as to attach the measuring electrode member fixed to the scalp at a defined location. The installation itself is very complex and complicated and requires a lengthy and time-consuming preparation phase.
    From WO 2007/109 745 A2 a headset is known, which can be arranged on a head of a subject. The headset consists of a very complex constructed, made of hard plastic holder element on which electrodes can be attached in different locations. In this case, the headset is designed such that it extends away from the back of the head side arm-like to the head front and over the head holding elements, which are dimensioned such that when placing the headset, a corresponding contact pressure is present. The electrodes can preferably be clipped into holes provided at defined locations. Both dry and wet electrodes can be used. Alternatively, the electrode headset can also be made of soft material, in which case additionally clamping elements must be present in order to ensure the corresponding contact pressure of the electrodes on the scalp. However, the electrode headset has a very complex construction and represents a very high difficulty, in particular in the production, since the corresponding contact pressures, in particular at the ends of the arm-like elements, can not be provided, at least not permanently. Material fatigue, especially when using plastic, can lead to incorrect or meaningless results.
    In order to ensure a corresponding contact pressure, it is also noted in this prior art that it is necessary to provide the electrodes with a corresponding contact pressure. This is achieved by the fact that the electrodes are spring-loaded. This means that the contact pressure is not provided by the electrode headset itself, but by the electrodes themselves. The headset thus has the sole function of holding the electrodes in the corresponding positions.
    From DE 10 2010 005 551 a sensor system for non-invasive detection of electromagnetic signals on the human body, in particular on the head, described. The corresponding measuring electrodes, which are each designed as a dry electrode and are coupled to a processing device, have a headset system, in the center of arm-like support arms extend away, which have each arranged at its end an electrode. In addition, the device has centrally starting and side arms extending to the side, at the free end of centrally extending support arms wegerstrecken having at their free ends electrodes.
    In the housing, the processing unit is arranged and it is preferably located in the central region of the top of the head. The arrangement, however, requires that the subject does not move, otherwise the electrodes may slip relative to their measurement point and thus no useful result can be achieved. In addition, the arrangement has a great weight, which just leads to a slipping is quite possible. In addition, the necessary contact pressure of the electrodes for performing a correct measurement is usually not given.
    Also, from WO 2006/096 135 A1 a device for measuring brain activity is known. The device itself is cap-shaped. By head center, a band extends from the back of the head to the forehead and from which vertically extend further bands. At the respective ends of the bands electrodes are arranged, which are arranged spring-loaded. This system is very complex, since in particular it is necessary to arrange the electrodes spring loaded at the free ends of the belt-like structure. For this purpose, it is necessary that the band-like structure has a high rigidity, so that the spring force can be exercised.
    Since nowadays not only brainwave measurements are used to measure brain activity at rest under laboratory conditions, the holding devices known to date for receiving the electrodes and thus for measuring the EEG brain waves are not suitable to perform measurements at work or during leisure.
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to provide a holding device for receiving the electrode and thus for carrying out measurements of brain waves, which can be produced easily and with little effort. The wearing comfort should be perceived as pleasant for the test person. Solution to Problem The solution of the object is provided by the characterizing features of claim 1.
    Advantages of the invention The essential idea of the invention is to provide a holding device which is simply placed on a subject's head without the need for any further fastening and fixing means. The holding device essentially comprises a central element, from which extend bending beam-like elements away, the free ends of each arrive at a head of a person to the plant. The bending beam-like elements are designed such that they rest with a defined contact pressure, regardless of the shape of the head on the surface of the head. The contact pressure is at least about 0.75 N in size.
    In order to bring this contact pressure, which is necessary in particular to bring electrodes into contact with the surface of the head, it is provided to specially design the respective star-shaped elements which are bent by the central element. The special design is that they consist of a tubular hollow-walled body in the rule, which is specially shaped depending on the respective contact point on the head. The shape provides that one end in the central element fixed, that is, fixed and immovable, with the free end extending like a beam to the contact point. In this case, this can assume a corresponding arc-shaped structure, so that either the free end tangentially to the head surface or perpendicular or almost perpendicular to the head surface comes to rest. The hollow-walled cantilever-like elements are thus preferably round in cross-section.
    However, they can also have other cross-sections, so that different bending moments are necessary in different directions to perform corresponding deflections of the free ends. This also implies that different restoring forces are possible in different directions.
    The hollow-walled structure is therefore used so that, starting from the central element within the cantilever-like element, electrical cables or the like are guided, which are joined together with the electrodes arranged at a free end. The elements are designed so that it is not necessary to use a shielded cable. The tubular structure of the elements provides this shielding. Furthermore, this structure provides protection for the cable itself, so that it is not accidentally destroyed. Preferably, the bending beam-like elements are metal tubes which are formed on its inside electrically insulating. They are usually made of spring steel-like material, so that when placing the fixture on the head, first the free ends must be easily bent apart until they reach the appropriate attachment to the defined points. The bending apart happens automatically when putting on.
    Biegebalkenartige elements that are designed as metal tube, extending from a centrally located on the head central element, to the discharge point at the head, where the electrode attaches. In order for the electrode to be able to absorb the corresponding brain currents, a defined contact pressure of the electrode is necessary. Different Anpresstechniken are known from the prior art. In particular, in the way that the electrodes themselves are spring loaded. For this purpose, it is necessary that the arrangement on which the electrode is arranged, is designed so stiff that no bending takes place due to the contact pressure and the contact pressure is actually applied to the scalp. Compared to the prior art, the present invention takes a different approach. The electrode is located immediately at the free end of the tube and can be considered as an integral part of the tube. The metal tube itself is preferably made of a resilient material and fixed to the central element. By a corresponding bending shape, the bending beam-like element is designed such that at its free end, regardless of the head shape, always a certain contact pressure, which exceeds a certain size, is present. This ensures that, regardless of the shape of the head and regardless of a defined tolerance of the touchdown point, there is always a minimum value of contact pressure of the electrode on the scalp, so that an appropriate result can be achieved in the measurement of the electrode currents. The bending mold is designed such that even during the placement process, the electrode slides on the scalp until it has reached the appropriate position. It has reached the appropriate position when the central element rests on the head surface. Then the exact position can only be determined by corresponding back and forth "slipping". This means that the bending beam-like elements provide the necessary contact pressure, so that the electrode itself can be made very small and can be easily inserted at the free ends of the tubular elements.
    Due to the special design of the holding device has the advantage that fixing devices are not necessary, if the subject is preferably examined under laboratory conditions. However, if brain waves are examined outside of laboratory conditions, preferably only slight additional simple fixing elements are to be arranged, which fix the holding device on the head immovably.
    The fixing elements, but only serve to fix the holding devices location. They are not designed and also not necessary, so that the corresponding contact pressure of the electrodes is achieved with this fixing device.
    Marking elements dictate which orientation the holding device must have on the head in the distal arrangement. This ensures a simple plugging.
    For the subject, the postponement of the placement of the holding device does not feel - as in comparison to the prior art - uncomfortable, but rather he feels this as a light head massage, which in turn produces a corresponding well-being in the subject.
    Thus, the invention provides that the bending beam-like elements are designed such that the contact pressure of the electrodes arranged at the free ends to the scalp is the same everywhere.
    Thanks to the low weight and the small size of the electrodes, head movements, which are intentionally or unintentionally exerted by the subject, have no artifacts in the encephalogram.
    A further development may provide that at least one of the bending beam-like elements is designed such that it additionally has a corresponding holding force. This holding force can then be triggered only after placement distally on the head in the arrangement on the head by inducing a corresponding fixing movement. In addition, an additional holding force can be activated by tightening a tensioning element or by folding it over from a corresponding folding mechanism.
    Another important advantage of a development of the invention provides that both in the region of the central element, both the necessary for the electrodes preamplifier and the analog-digital converter are already arranged. The so-called front-end electronics is thus already accommodated in the holding device, so that the signals recorded by the brain waves are not analog, as is the case in the prior art, but can already be transmitted digitally. As a result, it is possible either to transmit the data via a very long mobile cable without corresponding losses, for example via a serial data interface, and to evaluate these via a corresponding interface and a computer unit or also to transmit them to an interface without any complications. Thus, the interface has only the task of providing a galvanic isolation to the computer, which is necessary for an accurate measurement and on the other hand to adapt the data format accordingly.
    Thus, a conventional from the prior art simple and adapted for each case evaluation can be used.
    The bending beam-like formations also allow different use of electrode heads, in particular of wet electrodes, at the respective free ends. As described above, the bending beam-like formations are designed like a cannula so that cables can be guided from the central element to the electrodes within the cannula. The electrodes are fixedly connected at the free ends and arranged there captive. In order to allow the appropriate contact with the skin, a porous foam material in the form of a cap is slipped over the electrode head. In order to produce the electrical contact between the skin and the electrode head, preferably the head-like element is impregnated with a solution, preferably potassium chloride solution. The head is preferably soft and porous and thus gives a very pleasant contact on the skin.
    So that the corresponding measurement result is little distorted, the inner wall of the cannula is isolated. An inner insulation can be done for example by paint or enamel.
    An optimal electrode constellation with regard to the electrochemical properties provides to use a chlorinated silver wire, which is in a saturated potassium chloride solution. So that the liquid does not leak, a gel is used, which has the formation of a polymerized potassium chloride.
    Another embodiment provides to design the electrode head such that the guided in the cannula silver wire is glued at the free end, so that no liquid can enter the cannula. There, the silver wire is stripped and wrapped around the insulated cannula. Subsequently, the cannula end is coated with a drop of silver or silver chloride. For example, this drop can be drawn from a suitable melt.
    Preferably, the ends of the cannula are configured such that at least over a defined distance this is coated with a stainless steel tube.
    Alternatively, it can be provided that initially a silver conductive adhesive is used, which is then coated by the silver or silver chloride droplets.
    Thus, the invention provides, emanating from a central element cantilever-like element as a holding device, the bending beam-like elements are placed distally on the head and already exert by the construction when placing the corresponding contact pressure on the surface of the head, so the corresponding contact the electrodes at the free ends are provided with the skin.
    The design of the bending beam-like elements allows to design electrodes of different types, so that an optimal recording of the brain waves even with appropriate head movement of the subject without artifacts or other interference is possible.
    Further advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the following description, the claims and the drawings.
    Drawings [0037] In the drawings:
    Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the inventive holding device;
    Figure 2 is a perspective view of the holding device mounted on a human head.
    Fig. 3 is a side view of the holding device mounted on a head according to FIG. 2;
    4 shows a further view of the holding device according to FIG. 2;
    5 shows a rear view of the holding device according to FIG. 2;
    6 is a schematic representation of the holding device according to FIG. 1 for identifying the respective electrodes;
    7 is an enlarged view of the holding device, in particular for the representation of the central element of the holding device;
    8 is a schematic representation of the first exemplary embodiment of an electrode for the embodiments of the holding device illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 7;
    9 shows a second exemplary embodiment of an electrode for the embodiments of the holding device illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 7;
    10 shows a third exemplary embodiment of an electrode for the embodiments of the holding device illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 7;
    11 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of an electrode for the exemplary embodiments of the holding device illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 7.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT The holding device 1 according to the invention is shown in perspective in FIGS. 1 to 6. The holding device 1 consists of a plurality of bending beam-like elements 2, which extend centrally from a central element 3 star-shaped away and are formed differently long depending on the corresponding position on the head. The one end 4 of the respective bending beam-like element 2 is fixedly arranged on the central element 3, whereas the other free end 5 is provided with an electrode 6. The bending beam-like element 2 is preferably formed like a cannula, so that the electric wires not shown in detail in the drawings of the central element 3 to the free ends 5 and 6 electrodes are feasible.
    The holding device 1 is placed cranial medial on the head of a subject, so that the central element 3 is preferably arranged medially cranial (as explicitly shown in Fig. 5). From here, the corresponding bending beam-like elements 2 extend to the respective measuring points or electrodes 6 in order to measure the brain currents generated in the brain.
    Preferably, the free ends 5 are bent towards the head, so that already by the cranial medial placement first the bending beam-like elements 2 must be spread. As a result, the necessary contact pressure of the electrodes 6 at the head is advantageously achieved.
    If the corresponding position, as described above, achieved and the central element 3 sits cranial medial on the skull, press the bending beam-like elements 2 to the respective measuring points of the skull.
    Preferably, the bending beam-like elements 2 are designed and dimensioned such that all electrodes 6 at the free ends 5 have the same contact pressure on the skull. This is achieved in particular in that the bending beam-like elements 2 arcuately extend away from the central element 3 and are preferably bent more strongly at free ends 5, in comparison to the remaining part of the element.
    By pointing from the head arc shape, a corresponding bias is generated, which affects in a contact pressure on the scalp. In particular, the last area of the free end 5 is bent more strongly, whereby it is achieved that the free end, namely the electrode, can lie flat on the scalp. A lateral tilting of the electrode is thereby excluded.
    With regard to the production, the bending beam-like element 2 is precisely defined for each derivation point on the head. The length of the central element 3 must also already be precisely matched with respect to the corresponding pre-bend so that a precise contact of the electrode can be made at the discharge point.
    Only with the proper positioning of the holding device 1, the optimum contact pressure is provided at the respective electrodes. Advantageously, the subject or the one who places the device on the subject receives an optical or acoustic signal. In particular, the electrode 615 attached to the nasal bone 15 indicates that the correct position has been reached.
    From the central element 3, the respective guided in the cannulas wires 7, here preferably silver wires, to the corresponding measuring station (not shown here) out.
    As a further development, it is provided that the holding device 1 already comprises a preamplifier and a corresponding analog-to-digital converter 9. The entire "front-end electronics" is thus accommodated in the holding device 1 according to the invention. The thus generated at the electrodes 6 signals thus reach with minimal losses directly to the preamplifier and the corresponding analog-to-digital converter 9, so that they can then be connected digitally via a thin cable in the formation of a data interface with an interface electronics. This interface electronics only has the task to provide the galvanic isolation between a computer provided for evaluation and to adapt the data format accordingly for the evaluation.
    Alternatively, the data can be transmitted wirelessly. An appropriate power supply provides the necessary energy.
    In Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, for example, a cavity 16 is shown, in which the front-end electronics could be arranged.
    Different embodiments of electrodes 6 'to 6 "" are shown in FIGS. 8 to 11. These electrodes 6 'to 6 "" can each be applied to the embodiment of the holding device 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 7.
    In Fig. 8, a fixed to the bending beam-like element 2 electrode head 17 of an electrode 6 'is shown. This electrode head 17 is part of the bending beam-like element 2 and has an exchangeable cap-like element 10 which can be plugged onto the electrode head in the direction of arrow 11. The cap-like element 10 is soft and porous and is preferably impregnated with potassium chloride solution in order to produce the electrical conductivity between the voltage applied to the outer wall 12 of the cap-like member 10 skin and the electrode head 17. An insulated silver wire 13 extends within the cannula-like element 2 up to the central element 3 (shown in Figs. 1-7).
    The cap-like element 10 is interchangeable as needed and preferably biocompatible.
    9 shows a second embodiment of an embodiment of an electrode 6 "for the holding device according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 1 to 7. The electrode configuration shown here is designed with respect to its electrochemical property such that it contains a chlorinated silver wire 13, which is arranged in a saturated potassium chloride solution 20. In order that the liquid does not leak inside the hollow body into the bending beam-like elements 2, a gel 19, which is preferably a polymerized potassium chloride, is used for sealing The silver wire is hermetically sealed about 1 cm behind the end of the channeled element, whereby the closure is hydrophobic, so that the potassium chloride can not penetrate to the outside.The front part of the silver wire is abi solubilized and electrolytically chlorinated. This front part is completed with the previously described polymerized potassium chloride 20.
    Again, it is envisaged that impose the cap-like element 10 soaked with potassium chloride as shown in Fig. 8.
    A significant advantage of these embodiments is that no set times must be calculated and also the "drifting" of the measurement result is avoided, which is additionally suppressed at sufficient concentration of the potassium chloride solution of Anderson potential, sees a further training in that, in contrast to FIG. 9, in FIG. 10, the silver wire 13 at the end of the cannula-like element is glued and insulated (reference 22) so that no liquid can penetrate into the bending-bar-like element 2. The free silver wire 13 is stripped and wound around the insulated cannula-like element, wherein the free end of the cannula-like element is additionally provided with a stainless steel tube 18 at least in the region of the electrodes. Subsequently, the free end of the cannula is covered with a drop, at least with a layer 21 of silver or silver chloride. This drop can be drawn, for example, from a corresponding melt.
    In contrast to FIG. 10, the embodiment in FIG. 11 provides that, instead of the drop of silver chloride, firstly a silver-epoxy layer 23 is used, which surrounds the free end of the electrode. Subsequently, an enclosure with a layer 21 of a silver drop then takes place.
    The basic idea of the invention is to use the electrodes such that they can be replaced as dry electrodes. If a corresponding coating, as proposed in FIGS. 8 and 10, is provided, then these can be used as wet electrodes. The latter show a much better contact in practice.
    [0059] 1.1 'holding device 2 bending beam-like elements 3 central element 4 free end 5 free end 6 electrode 6'-6 "" electrode 615 electrode 7 wire 8 9 analog-to-digital converter 10 cap-like element 11 arrow direction 12 outer wall 13 silver wire 14 15 Nasal bone 16 Cavity 17 Electrode head 18 Stainless steel tube 19 Gel 20 Potassium chloride solution 21 Layer 22 Cannula-like element
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    23 silver epoxy layer claims
    A device for measuring bioelectric signals on a human head, namely signals picked up by electrodes, the electrodes being fixed to one or more fixing elements, characterized in that the device is a holding device (1) comprising a central element (3), which can be arranged cranially medial on a head and from which extend beam-like elements (2) away, at the free ends of each electrodes (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6", 6 "") fixed are, - wherein the bending beam-like elements (2) are formed like a cannula and are pre-bent such that the electrodes (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6"', 6 "") exert a contact pressure on the head in the mounted state, - the bending beam-like elements (2) extend arcuately away from the central unit (3) and are bent towards the free end (5) such that the electrodes (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6", 6 "") are provided on the intended Measuring point at least almost vertical and - wherein the bending beam-like elements (2) are bent so that they touch in the mounted state only with the electrodes (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6"', 6 "") the head.
    [2]
    2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (6,6 ', 6 ", 6"', 6 "") are wet electrodes.
    [3]
    3. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6"', 6 "") are dry electrodes.
    [4]
    4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bending beam-like elements (2) are formed like a cannula, wherein in the cannula-like formation of a silver wire (13) is arranged as a power line between the electrode and the central unit (3).
    [5]
    5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the free end of the bending beam-like element (2) by the electrodes (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6"', 6 "") is sealed.
    [6]
    6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the free end of the electrodes (6, 6 ', 6 ", 6"', 6 "") is provided with a silver drop,
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE212013000177U1|2015-03-11|
    CH706802A1|2014-02-14|
    WO2014020554A1|2014-02-06|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH01241/12A|CH706802A1|2012-08-03|2012-08-03|An apparatus for measuring bio-electric signals, in particular signals, which are picked up by electrodes.|
    PCT/IB2013/056286|WO2014020554A1|2012-08-03|2013-07-31|Device for measuring bioelectric signals, in particular signals recorded by electrodes|
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