• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a method of forming a light diffraction window for light decoupling in at least one defined zone of an object to produce in said zone light emission at one or more visible wavelengths and an object, for example a clock hand, wholly or partly of fluorescent or phosphorescent consists of optical materials with waveguide properties. The cross sections, geometric shapes and specific surface structures of the waveguides (10) are specially designed to optimize the optical properties or outcoupling of the light.
    公开号:CH708032B1
    申请号:CH01411/14
    申请日:2013-03-20
    公开日:2018-09-28
    发明作者:Daniel Rytz Dr
    申请人:Daniel Rytz Dr；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description: The present invention relates to a method of forming a light diffraction window for light extraction in at least one defined zone of an object to produce in that zone light emission at one or more visible wavelengths, wherein, on the surface of the object in at least one defined zone a surface treatment is carried out so that at least partially on this surface three-dimensional structures with at least one particular shape and / or external masses are produced, said object consisting wholly or partly of at least one light-emitting material, so that the light extraction and / or the visibility of said Zone is raised, wherein said structures are generated by applying / generating light-scattering lattice-like shapes on said surface.
    It further relates to an object having a light diffraction window for light extraction in at least a certain zone of this object to produce this zone light emitting with a visible wavelength, according to the above method.
    Various methods that improve the visibility of an object, such as pointers in watches or gauges, are known. Often such methods are based on phosphors applied to the hands by coating techniques: such phosphors typically contain fluorescent or phosphorescent pigments.
    In the Swiss patent application CH 704601 a method has been described to improve the visibility of the pointer by arranged on the pointer vane optical waveguide crucial: the waveguides are optically excited and can be brought to light in different colors and geometries. The hands are provided with optical waveguides which are incorporated in various arrangements in or on the pointer blade. In the cited application various suitable materials and dopants were listed.
    A pointer with an optical waveguide (e.g., a plastic fiber, a glass fiber or a crystalline fiber) is illuminated by a light source after application CH 704 601 so that the light is guided in the light guide. The light guide is chosen so that light conversion through photoluminescence or phosphorescence can take place in the core. Photoluminescent or phosphorescent substances may e.g. Emit light in the visible wavelength range when excited in the blue or ultraviolet range. The core of the optical waveguide is the inner part of the waveguide, where the refractive index is higher than in the outer region: the latter is known as a cladding. For the application of the core may well form the entire waveguide, the light is then guided in the core, because its refractive index is higher than that of the surrounding atmosphere. To illuminate the waveguide, the most diverse light sources, u.a. Light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, lamps and sunlight.
    Under appropriate excitation, waveguide-like objects with a photoluminescent or phosphorescent core emit light which is emitted from the cladding, e.g. is decoupled by a light diffraction window for light extraction.
    In the present invention, the injected excitation light is guided over the entire length of the object and converted by fluorescence or phosphorescence in the entire volume of the transparent material of which the object consists. Efficient decoupling occurs through lattice-like structures on one or more surfaces of the volume.
    Luminescent additives (as in DE 10 126 712 A, where light-converting layers are applied to the sides of the pointer flags) are not used. In contrast to US 2008/213 508 A1 or US 2004/004 826 A1, in the present invention the entire object is made of transparent material with fluorescent properties: the light which is decoupled by the surface structures passes through one and the same material Fluorescence generated and visualized by surface structures. This also constitutes the main difference to US 2009/278 448 A1 and US 2006/018 623 A1.
    In the invention, the surface structures are formed on a surface of the object made of transparent fluorescent material (eg, a Ce: YAG-Z or Eu: KYW single crystal fiber) so that the light generated in the volume of the object and in a kind of waveguide is guided, can be coupled out. The material is the light-generating medium and the outcoupling structures on its surfaces result in the actual visibility of the transparent material, since the monocrystalline material has no grains or defects that could otherwise scatter light. Numerous examples have already been realized by us in prototype form.
    In this case, a surface treatment is performed on the surface of the object in at least one defined zone, so that at least partially on this surface three-dimensional structures with certain shapes and roughnesses are produced, said object in whole or in part of at least one transparent, by fluorescence and / or phosphorescent light-emitting material, so that the light extraction and / or the visibility of said zone is increased. The said structures may be produced by mechanical and / or chemical treatments of said surface, by applying / forming light-scattering lattice-like shapes on said surface.
    Transparent fluorescent and / or phosphorescent materials may e.g. are produced as single crystals in different forms, as solid single crystals, as monocrystalline fibers, as monocrystalline thin layers, as epitaxial monocrystalline layers or as composite structures with monocrystalline elements. Materials from these groups show the typical properties of single crystals. The materials belonging to the material classes important for the invention are at least partially transparent in the visible wavelength range and are suitable for the production of waveguides of similar objects. Due to their transparency properties, they can be excited throughout the light-conducting volume. Their mechanical robustness makes them ideal for the production of surfaces with controlled roughness.
    As transparent fluorescent and / or phosphorescent materials also glasses, transparent ceramics, glass ceramics and plastics can be used.
    The function of the processed with the geometries specified in the examples materials has the goal to improve the optical properties of objects, especially pointers in watches or gauges by waveguiding effects in fluorescent or phosphorescent materials. In this case, various cost-effective production methods are explained.
    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method to form by light and efficient means in a zone of an existing of transparent fluorescent and / or phosphorescent material object, a light diffraction window for light extraction to light emission at one or to produce several visible wavelengths.
    Another object of the present invention is to effectively extract the light generated in the waveguide-like object and to make the object visible to the viewer. It should be ensured that the functionality, geometric dimensions and cross-sections and the surface condition of the waveguide-like objects such. Pointer in measuring instruments can be realized inexpensively by suitable manufacturing methods in practice.
    These objects of the invention are achieved by the features mentioned in claim 1 according to the invention.
    Further, the object of providing a transparent, fluorescent and / or phosphorescent object with a light diffraction window for light extraction according to the invention by the features mentioned in claim 5 is achieved. This relates in particular to an object consisting of a surface-layer substrate, a crystalline layer having a lattice-like structure obtained by epitaxial growth being applied to one surface of the fluorescent and / or phosphorescent substrate. Such objects are suitable, for example, for making pointers and / or indices in watches or measuring instruments.
    Brief Description of the Drawings The following examples have been outlined:
    1A to 1L show various possible waveguides in fiber form, with different cross-sections and various examples of structured surfaces, Fig. 2 shows how waveguides can be made of disc-shaped material, with manufacturing example by separating and structuring individual monolithic parts, the Figs. 3A to 3E show waveguides consisting of thin films deposited on a substrate, and Figs. 4A to 4D illustrate the processing steps for waveguides having a surface structure.
    Detailed Description of the Invention Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown various possible waveguides 10 in fibrous form, with different cross-sections, and various structured surface examples. The fiber may have various cross-sectional shapes: e.g. The cross-section may be round, square, rectangular or elliptical. Along the longitudinal axis of the fiber, the cross section may have constant or variable dimensions: e.g. For example, the fiber may be cylindrical or conical, remaining constant or varying throughout its length.
    Fig. 1A shows a pattern with rounded recess; Fig. 1B, a pattern with a rectangular recess; Figure 1C shows a pattern with triangular, asymmetric recess. FIG. 1D shows a pattern with triangular, symmetrical recess; FIG. Fig. 1E is a pattern with each triangular and semi-cylindrical recess; Fig. 1F is a pattern with a small, rectangular recess and a longitudinal groove; Fig. 1G is a pattern with two rectangular recesses and double longitudinal groove; Fig. 1H is a pattern with a zigzag course longitudinal groove and conical end; Fig. 11 is a longitudinal groove pattern with breaks; Fig. 1J is a spiral pattern; Fig. 1K is a pattern with a circular hole; and FIG. 1L shows a pattern with a rectangular hole.
    The fiber may have various cross-sectional shapes: e.g. The cross-section may be round, square, rectangular or elliptical. Along the longitudinal axis of the fiber, the cross section may have constant or variable dimensions: e.g. For example, the fiber may be cylindrical or conical, remaining constant or varying throughout its length.
    Typical geometric dimensions for the fibers to be used for display purposes are: Lengths between 2 and 500 to 1000 mm, especially between 2.5 and 35 mm, especially between 3 and 23 mm. - Cross sections (circular or elliptical) between 0.02 and 3 mm (= diameter), especially between 0.05 and 1.5 mm, especially between 0.08 and 0.8 mm. - Cross sections (square) between 0.02 and 3 mm (= diagonal of the cross section), especially between 0.05 and 1.5 mm, especially between 0.08 and 0.8 mm. - Cross sections (rectangular) with edge lengths of 0.02 and 3 mm, especially between 0.03 and 1.5 mm, especially between 0.04 and 1.2 mm.
    The structures on the fiber surface may not only have different dimensions, but also different orientations. Examples in the transverse and longitudinal directions are shown in Figs. A to J listed.
    The structures are adapted in their geometry to the respective waveguide in fiber form. The structures may extend transversely, longitudinally, spirally, on one or more sides. For a cylindrical or slightly conical fiber with a cross section of 0.08 to 0.8 mm, the typical dimensions of the structures are in the range depth x width = 40 to 200 .mu.m.times.10 to 300 .mu.m, with uniform or variable distances = 10 to 1000 .mu.m. Smaller, lattice-shaped structures in the micrometer range are also conceivable. Experts in the field will immediately recognize other options and combinations that can be derived from this disclosure.
    The structures applied to the surfaces of the waveguides enable efficient and highly visible coupling out of the light generated by fluorescence or phosphorescence. The structures form small facets or grids that allow the exit of the light rays from the waveguides.
    Methods of preparation of such structures are known and include: processing with coated (with abrasive grains, e.g., diamond or carbides) or uncoated tools, e.g. Inner hole, wire or saws. This applies the pattern mechanically. The applied surface can be provided with various types of roughness according to desired optical effect. Processing with laser sources, with wavelengths in the range 1000-1100 nm, 500-550 nm, 333-367 nm, 250-275 nm, pulse durations between 10 fs to 1 ps and average powers in the range 0.3 to 10 000 W. Especially pulse durations between 20 fs and 1 ns with average powers in the range from 1 to 1000 W are preferred. Different surface finishes can also be achieved with this method.
    Further processing methods are also conceivable, such as e.g. chemical etching, ion beam sources or plasma etching.
    In Figs. 2A to 2C are shown how waveguides 20 can be made of disk-shaped material, with production examples by separating and structuring individual monolithic parts. In this exemplary manufacturing process, the starting material is a disk (Figure 2A) of the material to be used in waveguide form. This disc can e.g. made of crystalline material, e.g. Ce: YAG or any other crystalline substance produced and possibly polished (one or both sides). Typical dimensions for such disks are diameters of 10 to 100 mm, thickness of 0.05 to 3 mm. Crystalline disks with shapes other than cylindrical can also be used.
    These disc (s) are processed in a further step (also outlined in Fig. 2A) in one direction with longitudinal sections and later (Fig. 2B) divided into as many waveguide elements with the desired dimensions. The resulting side surfaces can be reworked if necessary to change the surface texture or to engrave or engrave the desired pattern. In Fig. 2C, the usable waveguides, which have stopped after the dicing and structuring process outlined.
    The method is very well suited for relatively large numbers: starting from a cylinder with diameter = 60 mm x length = 100 mm of suitable material (such as Ce: YAG or another crystalline substance of the list listed above) can without Another 80 discs with thickness = 500 microns and from each disc over 150 waveguide elements with final dimensions of approximately 0.800 x 0.500 x 10 mm are produced.
    The principle of the method is material-independent and can also be extended to non-crystalline materials.
    In the cases described in Figure 2, the waveguide material is monolithic, that is, the material is the same throughout the volume of the waveguide. In the following examples, this is no longer the case.
    Shown in Figs. 3A to 3E are shown how waveguides 30 can be made of disc-shaped material consisting of a substrate with applied thin layers, with manufacturing examples by separating and structuring individual monolithic parts.
    In this further manufacturing process, the starting material is a multi-layer disc (Figure 3A). Such a disk may have been manufactured in various ways: e.g. For example, a method called "liquid phase epitaxy" may apply a Ce: YAG layer (typically between 0.5 and 50 μm thick) to a YAG disc (the so-called substrate with a thickness of 0.1 to 2.5 mm) on both sides have been. Other materials may also be grown epitaxially, e.g. doped Y2SÌO5 on undoped Y2SiO5 or doped KY (WO4) 2 on undoped KY (WO4) 2. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a great many epitaxial combinations may be possible and useful for the applications described herein: e.g. For example, doped layers can be grown on doped substrates with different dopings. It can thus be achieved that a multi-layer waveguide with different colors fluoresces simultaneously. In addition, new optical effects can be generated by means of surface structuring, in that the structure leads through a surface layer to a deeper and differently doped layer. Another example would be the production of discs with substrates glued together. Conceivable are crystalline on other crystalline layers, glass on glass, or glass on crystal. Other combinations (with, for example, plastic layers) are also conceivable.
    In the example illustrated in FIGS. 3A to 3E, there are originally (FIG. 3A) two layers on the substrate. Both layers can be used in principle. In the process sketched in the figure, however, a layer is polished away and, as starting material for further processing steps, a disk consisting of two layers (FIG. 3B) is used. These disc (s) are processed in a further step (Figure 3C) in one direction with longitudinal cuts and later (Figure 3D) subdivided into as many waveguide elements with the desired dimensions. The resulting side surfaces can be reworked if necessary to change the surface texture or to engrave or engrave the desired pattern. In E, the usable waveguides that have stopped after the dicing and structuring process are outlined. The steps of FIGS. 3C to 3E correspond to the steps of FIGS. 2A to 2C of the example treated.
    In the example illustrated in Figures 3A to 3E, additional steps may be employed: the substrate may be patterned to produce waveguides in the substrate. For example, Material changes can be made along the intended longitudinal cutting direction to cause a refractive index change in the sawn direction. Examples of such processes are known: in YAG substrates, or generally in crystalline oxidic substances, by diffusion processes at high temperatures, by ion implantation of e.g. Helium or hydrogen ions or by fine engraving by laser or ion beams desired structures are generated. These structures must be accommodated in the finished waveguide element and are therefore applied with similar or smaller dimensions (as the finished element) in the substrate. Other waveguide types can be produced in the substrate by means of the method just described, with a further production step based on the described epitaxy method. Thus, the waveguide can also be surrounded at the top and bottom of crystalline material with suitable optical properties. - Still other waveguides can be made by means of a combination of structuring and other epitaxial layers. Epitaxy of YAG layers or similar oxidic materials (with or without dopants) is known to be possible from already existing epitaxial layers. Thus, the methods described herein can be extended without significant changes to multi-epitaxial layer structures.
    In Figs. 4A to 4D, it is shown how waveguides 40 can be made of disc-shaped material with surface structures, with production examples by separating and structuring individual monolithic parts.
    In this further manufacturing process, the starting material is a disk consisting of a single or several layers (Fig. 4A). Such a disk can be prepared with the mentioned structuring methods. This disk is then processed in a further step (Figure 4B) in one direction with longitudinal cuts and later (Figure 4C) divided into as many waveguide elements with the desired dimensions. The resulting side surfaces can be reworked if necessary to change the surface texture or to engrave or engrave the desired pattern. In Fig. 4D, the usable waveguides, which have stopped after the dicing and patterning process outlined.
    The steps of Figs. 4B to 4D also correspond to the steps of Figs. 2A to 2C of the illustrated example. The steps related to Figs. 4A to 4D may also be linked to the example of Figs. 3A to 3E.
    Examples of luminescent or phosphorescent materials with emission wavelengths between about 400 and 700 nm and excitation wavelengths between 230 and 450 nm are: inorganic substances with rare earth dopings: YVO4: Eu, Y2O2S: Eu, Gd2O2S: Tb, Υ3ΑΙ5Οι2: Οθ , Y2SiO5: Ce, Tb, (Ce, La) PO4: Tb, BaMgAl14O23: Eu, Sr2Al60n: Eu, SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy, CdSiO3: Mn, Y, Sr2MgS2O7: Eu, AlN: Eu, Ba2Si5N8: Eu, LiEu MO04). 2 so-called "quantum dots" where an inorganic nanocrystal with a typical size of 2-20 nm (e.g., ZnS: Eu, Mn) is embedded in a matrix (e.g., glass). organic compounds (phenoxazines, phenotyazines, phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, indolium derivatives, pyrillium derivatives, rare earth ethers, rhodamines, pyranines, triphenylmethane dyes, stilbenes, coumarins, etc.).
    Particularly suitable for the production of monocrystalline fibers or waveguides are congruent melting materials: (SE) VO4, (SE) 3AI5O12, (SE) 2SiO5, CaAl (SE) O4, (SE) AIO3, where SE is a rare earth (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) or a mixture of several rare earths. These materials may additionally be doped to incorporate fluorescent or phosphorescent centers in the crystal.
    For the production of materials with grown epitaxial layers, the materials listed can also be used. Epitaxy experiments are well known to those skilled in the art and may be used for the purposes of this invention and the required material compositions. Epitaxy is a crystal growth process that allows thin, monocrystalline layers to grow from a saturated solution on a crystalline substrate with an adapted crystal lattice. This method can be used for the above mentioned materials and additionally also, e.g. (SE) Al3 (BO3) 4, (SE) Ga3 (BO3) 4, (SE) Sc3 (BO3) 4, (A) (SE) (Mo04) 2, (A) (SE) (WO4) 2 , Here, SE also stands for Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and A for Li Na, K, Rb, Cs. Doping with additional rare earths or transition metals may be beneficial. Other examples of materials are quite conceivable by those skilled in the art and may also be used for this invention, such as e.g. Li (SE) F4, K (SE) 3F10, SrAl2O4, CaAl2O4.
    Furthermore, fluorescent or phosphorescent materials may be used in single crystal form, e.g. according to the method described in Figure 2 and discussed in detail above. Condition is that the crystal can be processed into a waveguide, starting from a thin disc, or from a composite disc, consisting of several glued or welded layers.
    Furthermore, fluorescent or phosphorescent materials may be used in the form of glasses, glass-ceramics, ceramics or plastics, e.g. according to the method described in Figure 2 and discussed in detail above. Condition is that the crystal can be processed into a waveguide, starting from a thin disc, or from a composite disc consisting of several glued or welded layers. Such composite production techniques are well known in the art, especially when glasses are used, and are useful for providing layers of fluorescent glasses (eg, glasses containing Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm , Yb are endowed) with documents to connect. When using ceramics, transparent ceramics are preferred which can also be doped with fluorescent or phosphorescent centers. Also conceivable are compounds of crystalline with ceramic materials, of crystals with glasses, of plastics with glasses, etc.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    A method for forming a light diffraction window for light extraction in at least one defined zone of an optically transparent and fluorescent and / or phosphorescent object to produce in this zone light extraction at one or more visible wavelengths, characterized in that in at least one defined zone of the object three-dimensional lattice-like structures with geometrically defined depths, widths, distances, orientations and roughnesses are incorporated into the surface.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lattice-like structures have depths in the range 40 to 200 microns, widths in the range 10 to 300 microns, and uniform or variable distances in the range 10 to 1000 microns.
    [3]
    3. Process according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the roughness of the incorporated structures decouple visible light by diffraction and / or scattering for the viewer.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the optically transparent and fluorescent and / or phosphorescent object consists wholly or partly of glass, glass ceramic, optically transparent ceramics or plastics.
    [5]
    5. An optically transparent and fluorescent and / or phosphorescent object having a light diffraction window for light extraction in at least one defined zone to produce light emission and / or light extraction at one or more visible wavelengths in said zone, characterized in that in at least one defined zone of the Object three-dimensional grid-like structures with geometrically defined depths, widths, distances, orientations and roughness are incorporated into the surface.
    [6]
    6. An object according to claim 5, characterized in that this object consists of a substrate having a surface layer, wherein on a surface of the optically transparent, fluorescent and / or phosphorescent substrate at least one obtained by epitaxial growth crystalline layer having at least one lattice-like structure is applied.
    [7]
    7. Object according to one of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that this object consists of a substrate having a surface layer, wherein on a surface of the object a plurality of epitaxially grown on one another crystalline layers are applied with at least one lattice-like structure in a surface layer.
    [8]
    8. An object according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that at least one layer is monocrystalline and is doped with respect to the substrate different fluorescent and / or phosphorescent centers, wherein light of different colors is emitted.
    [9]
    9. Object according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the monocrystalline epitaxial layers are to be selected in the following list: (SE) VO4; (SE) 3AL5O- | 2; (SE) 2SiO5; CAAI (SE) O4; (SE) AI3 (BO3) 4; (SE) Ga (BO3) 4; (SE) Sc3 (BO3) 4; (A) (SE) (WO4) 2, where SE is a rare earth (Se, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) or a mixture of at least two of these rare earths.
    [10]
    10. Device having at least one object according to claim 5, characterized in that the object contained in the device is a pointer.
    [11]
    11. Device having at least one object according to claim 5, characterized in that the object contained in the device is an index.
    [12]
    12. Device according to one of claims 10 to 11, characterized in that the device is a clock.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE112013001589A5|2014-12-31|
    WO2013138945A8|2014-04-24|
    CH706262A2|2013-09-30|
    WO2013138945A2|2013-09-26|
    WO2013138945A3|2014-01-23|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE10126712A1|2000-12-22|2002-07-04|Siemens Ag|Display device with a pointer and a light source|
    US6820991B2|2001-05-14|2004-11-23|Nichia Corporation|Light emitting device and vehicle display device|
    TWI300494B|2004-07-23|2008-09-01|Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd|Light guiding plate and backlight module using the same|
    FR2899954B1|2006-04-13|2008-06-06|Saint Gobain|LUMINOUS PANEL|
    JP2008180936A|2007-01-25|2008-08-07|Nitto Denko Corp|Color purity improvement sheet, optical device, image display device, and liquid crystal display device|
    DE102008022542A1|2008-05-07|2009-11-12|Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh|Radiation-emitting component for use in illumination device, has conversion layers including conversion elements for converting portions of primary radiation sent by LED chip into secondary radiation, respectively|CH709023B1|2013-12-27|2019-01-15|Daniel Rytz Dr|A method of forming a window, which changes the color depending on the illumination source, in a zone of an object and an object with such a window.|
    CH709226B1|2014-02-03|2018-02-15|Daniel Rytz Dr|Method for forming a window as a security feature and object with a fluorescent window as a security feature.|
    DE102014007331A1|2014-05-17|2015-11-19|Volker Schell|Optically active dials for wristwatches|
    DE102015115662A1|2015-09-17|2017-03-23|Volker Schell|Method for producing a component for a clock|
    法律状态:
    2018-04-13| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: ACTOSPHERE SARL, CH |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH00397/12A|CH706262A2|2012-03-21|2012-03-21|Pointer for watches or encoders with waveguides and Auskopplerstrukturen.|
    PCT/CH2013/000048|WO2013138945A2|2012-03-21|2013-03-20|Method for forming a light diffraction window in at least one particular area of an object|
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