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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to colored ceramics and a process for obtaining these colored ceramics. The method of the invention comprising the steps of: providing a composition comprising a technical ceramic material, a first pigment component and, optionally, binders, preparing a green body from said composition, optionally debinding of the green body, then the submission of the green body to a treatment with a preparation containing one or more metals as another pigment component, and the sintering of the green body treated. The colored technical ceramic of the present invention consists of a technical ceramic material, the technical ceramic comprising a first colored zone (1) and a second colored zone (2) of a different color, where the first colored zone (1) contains a first pigment component, and wherein the second color zone (2) contains a second pigment component formed of the first pigment component and the other pigment component. The invention also relates to a watch case bezel (4) comprising such a ceramic.
    公开号:CH707424B1
    申请号:CH02121/13
    申请日:2013-12-20
    公开日:2019-08-30
    发明作者:Huguet Pierre；Bienvenu Carine
    申请人:Rolex Sa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description
    Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to new colored technical ceramics. The present invention further relates to a method for producing such colored technical ceramics.
    State of the art The impregnation of technical ceramic products to obtain a coloring of the product is described in DE 2012 304. Colored ceramic products are produced according to the teaching of the document by impregnating molded parts with aqueous solutions of compounds heavy coloring metals. The castings are prepared from suitable ceramic materials, such as clay and kaolin, which are shaped and heat treated in the range of 800 to 1400 ° C. No pigment is present in the molded parts, and the coloring is obtained by impregnation with the aqueous solution and by the heat treatment which follows. In document WO 00/15 580, the impregnation of ceramics is described, which comprises an uncolored metal oxide of spinel or rutile structure (TiO 2 , SnO 2 , ZrO 2 or ZrSiO 4 ) which serves as a network for fixing ions bivalent or trivalent metal. The ions are introduced by impregnating an aqueous solution and make it possible to color the ceramic. No indication of the conditions used for pre-sintering, impregnation or drying is given. All the examples relate to the impregnation of clay with Ti / Sb / Cr solutions and give yellow-ocher colors.
    Brief description of the diagrams [0003]
    Fig. 1 is a diagram of a two-color watch bezel according to the invention.
    Fig. 2 is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the microstructure of the area impregnated with a blue ceramic sample after impregnation and sintering, giving a black color, in backscattered electron mode.
    Disclosure of the invention problems to be solved by the invention The object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of two-color technical ceramics having favorable properties. These favorable properties are, in this case, advantageous mechanical properties and a clear demarcation of the different colored zones of colored technical ceramics.
    Two-tone watch components, in particular components for watch cases, such as blue and black or brown and black glasses, will be obtained with mechanical and aesthetic properties comparable to those of monochrome glasses.
    The main challenges in the production of these components are to obtain a suitable second color from a previously colored ceramic and / or a pigment existing in the ceramic, and to guarantee that the demarcation between the different zones colored is clean and crisp, while retaining very favorable mechanical properties.
    Means of solving the problems 1. Method of producing a colored technical ceramic, comprising the following steps:
    providing a composition comprising a technical ceramic material, a first pigment component and optionally binders, preparing a green body from this composition, optionally debinding the green body, then subjecting the green body to a treatment with a preparation containing one or more metals as another pigment component, and sintering of the treated green body.
    2. Method according to aspect 1, where the composition comprises binders and where the debinding step of the green body is included, where the debinding step consists of heat treating the green body, or treating the body green with an aqueous solution and then drying the treated green body.
    3. Method according to aspect 1 or 2, where the technical ceramic material is zirconia stabilized by yttrium oxide, lime, cerium oxide or magnesia.
    4. Method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, where the first pigment component is chosen from the group consisting of the components AI 2 O 3 , CoO, Co 2 0 3 , Co 3 0 4 , Cr 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O, CuO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Mo0 2 , Mo0 3 , NbO, NbO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , NiO, PbO, PbO 2 , SnO, SnO 2 , TiO, Ti 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , VO 2 , V 2 O 5 , WO 2 , W 2 O 5 and WO 3 .
    5. Method according to aspect 4, where the first pigment component is chosen from AI 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 .
    6. Method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, in which the first pigment component is a mineral complex pigment component exhibiting a spinel crystal structure of space group Fd-3m.
    CH 707 424 B1 7. Method according to aspect 6, where the first pigment component has the formula (Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Mn) (AI, Cr, Fe) 2 0 4 .
    8. Method according to any one of the preceding aspects, where the heat treatment for debinding the green body is carried out at a temperature between 700 and 1200 ° C.
    9. Method according to any one of the preceding aspects, in which the green body is partially subjected to a treatment with the preparation containing one or more metals.
    10. Method according to any one of the preceding aspects, where the treatment with the preparation containing one or more metals is an impregnation with a solution of another pigment component containing one or more metals followed by drying of the impregnated green body. .
    11. Method according to aspect 10, where the impregnation solution is a solution of at least one salt of Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ti and Zn in the water and / or, if appropriate, at least one organic solvent.
    12. Method according to aspect 10 or 11, where the drying step after the impregnation is carried out at room temperature for 12 to 24 hours, or at 60-100 ° C for 1 to 60 minutes.
    13. Method of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the green body which has been treated with a preparation containing one or more metals as another pigment component and has been optionally dried and sintered at a temperature between 1300 and 1550 ° vs.
    14. Method of any one of the previous aspects, wherein the colored technical ceramic of any one of aspects 14 to 16 is a watch case bezel.
    15. Colored technical ceramic, consisting of a technical ceramic material, technical ceramic comprising a first colored zone and a second colored zone of a different color, where the first colored zone contains a first pigment component, and the second zone colored contains a second pigment component formed from the first pigment component and the other pigment component, this other pigment component comprising one or more metals.
    16. Technical ceramic colored according to aspect 15, in which the first colored zone contains a pigment component corresponding to a cubic phase of the space group Fd-3m, such as a CoAI 2 0 4 pigment, and the second zone colored includes the pigment component in combination with at least one of Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ti and Zn.
    17. Technical ceramic colored according to aspect 15 or 16, where the first colored zone has a blue, brown or white color, and the second colored zone has a blue or black color.
    18. Colorful technical ceramic of any one of aspects 15 to 17 which is a watch case bezel.
    Detailed description of the invention The inventors have discovered that the color of a technical ceramic component based on zirconia can be modified by impregnating the green body with a solution of metal salt. For example, impregnating a green body of zirconia comprising a blue or brown pigment with an aqueous solution of FeCI 3 , NiCI 2 and CrCI 3 gives a black color which is equivalent to that of a commercially available black ceramic. Two-tone watch components, in particular components for the watch case, such as blue and black or brown and black glasses, have been obtained with mechanical and aesthetic properties comparable to those of single-color glasses.
    First, the method of the present invention is described.
    In a first step of the process of the present invention, a green body is prepared from a composition comprising a technical ceramic material and a pigment component.
    Generally, technical ceramic materials have a number of properties which make them suitable for a range of different applications. More specifically, these properties are hardness, physical stability, extreme heat resistance and chemical inertness, among others.
    The technical ceramics produced in the process according to the present invention consist of a technical ceramic material. Suitable technical ceramic materials are materials such as alumina, aluminum nitride, aluminum silicate; zirconium silicate, boron carbide, boron nitride; nitrides, carbides and carbonitrides of zirconium, titanium, hafnium, niobium and / or silicon; barium titanate, magnesium oxide, titanium and zirconia. In the context of the present invention, alumina and zirconia are preferred, and zirconia is particularly preferred.
    Doping of ceramic materials to stabilize them is possible, as is well known in the technical field of the preparation of technical ceramics. Additives such as magnesia, cerine, lime and yttrium oxide can stabilize zirconia to minimize volume changes during heat treatment and subsequent cooling. Zirconia stabilized with yttrium oxide (YSZ) is a ceramic based on zirconium oxide, in which the particular crystal structure of zirconium oxide is stabilized at room temperature by adding yttrium oxide, and which has particularly suitable properties.
    CH 707 424 B1 The composition for preparing the green body also contains a pigment component. Since the process of the present invention provides further treatment with a preparation containing one or more metals as another pigment component, the pigment component present in the green body preparation composition may be called "first pigment component".
    A “pigment component” within the meaning of the present invention generally means a component which, after heat treatment, such as typically a sintering treatment, gives a color to the sintered product. This color after sintering may appear before sintering takes place. In this way, a reference to "blue ceramic" means a material which comprises a blue pigment before sintering, or which forms a blue pigment after the heat treatment of the sintering. It is also possible that the color provided by the pigment component is white, which can, for example, be observed as the color of the first area.
    As will be described later, an embodiment of the method of the present invention is that the green body which is prepared from the composition is subjected in a next step only partially to treatment with a preparation containing one or several metals so that part of the surface of the green body remains untreated, in the sense that it is brought into contact with the preparation containing one or more metals. The color which forms in the untreated part of the finally obtained sintered product depends on the first pigment component present in the composition initially supplied containing the technical ceramic material.
    Among the pigment components which can be used as the first pigment component, there are oxides or nanoparticles of polyvalent metals which will provide the color of the sintered product. Preferred metal elements include transition metals and metal elements of the lanthanide and actinide series.
    Preferred pigment components are metal powders, metal oxide powders, their precursors which form metal oxides when heated, coloring pigments or mixtures of these materials. Particularly preferred are lanthanides or their oxides and metals from groups 4 to 12 of the periodic table or their oxides. The metals AI, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Sn, Ti, V and W are preferred, and as oxides, the compounds AI2O3, CoO, Co 2 0 3 , Co 3 0 4 , Cr 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O, CuO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Mo0 2 , Mo0 3 , NbO, NbO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , NiO, PbO, PbO 2 , SnO, SnO 2 , TiO, Ti 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , VO 2 , V 2 O 5 , WO 2 , W 2 O 5 and WO 3 . The preferred embodiments in this group of metal oxides are AI 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 . It is also preferred to use the metals in the form of metal salts or metal complexes, such as salts of carboxylates, carbonates, nitrates or acetylacetonates which, on sintering, are converted into corresponding oxides. A combination of pigment components is possible.
    Other preferred pigment components are what are called mineral colored pigment complexes of the spinel type of general formula AB 2 O 4 , with A a divalent metal cation and B a trivalent metal cation. Typical examples of spinels are CoAI 2 0 4 (cobalt aluminate), MgAI 2 O 4 and ZnAI 2 O 4 . Various metallic elements can be incorporated into spinel structures, provided that the degrees of oxidation are compatible. For example, Co 2+ may be substituted by Zn 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ or Fe 2+ ; Al 3+ may be substituted by Cr 3+ or Fe 3+, to give compounds such as (Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Mn) (Cr, Al, Fe) 2 0 4 particularly preferred. The crystal structure is always the same and corresponds to the space group Fd-3m.
    Other complex mineral colored pigments could be chosen from compounds having reverse spinel structures, tetragonal spinel structures, rutile, hematite or corundum structures.
    A blue pigment is, for example, a compound of formula (Coi- x Zn x ) (AI 1 .yCr y ) 2 0 4 with x, y> 0 and a spinel crystal structure corresponding to the space group Fd -3m.
    A brown pigment is, for example, Fe 2 O 3 in yttria zirconia (zirconia stabilized with yttrium oxide). A white pigment is, for example, AI 2 O 3 in yttria zirconia (zirconia stabilized with yttrium oxide).
    The first pigment component present in the technical ceramic material can be any blue, brown, white or green pigment. Since pigments sometimes have no color before firing, the "green, blue or brown pigment" in connection with the process of the present invention designates a pigment which leads to a green, blue or brown color after the final sintering step . Of course, other pigments may be present, alone and / or in combination with the above-mentioned pigments and / or in combination with one another, such as red, yellow or orange pigments, for example.
    Usually, a pigment will have to be present in the composition to prepare the green body, but more than one pigment component may also be present, depending on the desired effect in the final sintered product obtained in the process of the present. invention.
    The amount of pigment component in the technical ceramic material should be such that the desired intensity for the color is obtained. A usual amount is between 1 and 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition comprising the technical ceramic material and the first pigment component.
    The composition for preparing the green body may contain other components in addition to the technical ceramic material and the first pigment component. For example, the presence of a binder component can be an advantage in preparing the green body.
    CH 707 424 B1 The binders optionally used in the preparation of the green body are not particularly limited and any suitable material to aid in the formation of the green body can be used. Generally, the binder is an organic material and, for this organic material, it is possible to choose a polymeric material such as polyethylene, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinyl acetate, polyoxymethylene (POM), polyvinyl butyral (PVB). , polytetrafluoroethylene or poly (methacrylate) -co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PMMA).
    The presence of such an organic binder facilitates the formation of the green body, in the sense that it can more easily be given a particular shape. For the green body formation, any conventional process described in the prior art can be chosen. These conventional green body preparation processes include injection molding, strip casting, dry pressing, slip casting and extrusion. In any of these processes, a product of a particular form is obtained which can be subjected to other treatments.
    For an injection feedstock, the amount of binder in the green body is preferably chosen from the range of 15 to 25 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the composition comprising the technical ceramic material and the components pigments. The amount of binder may be different for materials used in processes other than injection, such as in a powder for pressing.
    After the formation and shaping of the green body, it is heat treated in a first heat treatment step. During this first heat treatment step, the green body is heat treated to remove the binders, provided that there were some during the preparation of the green body. The first heat treatment step is therefore regularly called debinding step. It is also the object of this first heat treatment step that the pore volume in the green body is optimized and that the material of the green body is solidified so as to allow further treatment.
    The first heat treatment step is carried out at a temperature in the range between 700 ° C and 1200 ° C. The purpose of this first heat treatment step is to generate the appropriate level of porosity in the green body. The disappearance of the pores must be prevented. A preferred range for the temperature in the first sintering step may be between 750 ° C and 1150 ° C, and a typical temperature chosen for the first sintering step is 900 ° C.
    Debinding or first heat treatment causes the generation of open porosities in the green body, which facilitates the subsequent treatment with a preparation containing one or more metals and gives a better final result. It has been observed that treatment at temperatures of 750, 900, 950 and 1100 ° C gives comparable results. For the success of the next treatment, the presence of pores is necessary. Debinding or first heat treatment with temperatures above the preferred range can cause the pores formed in the same treatment step to close.
    There is another embodiment of the method of the present invention for obtaining the desired level of porosity. Instead of the heat treatment step, it is possible to treat the green body with an aqueous or acid solution to obtain the desired level of porosity. This possibility of treatment with an aqueous composition is a favorable embodiment since it can be carried out easily and it does not require careful control of the heating and of the time required for pre-sintering. A condition for treatment with the aqueous composition is that the green body is suitable for this kind of treatment.
    This may be the case if the binder which has been added in the composition to prepare the green body is easily water-soluble, or if at least one of the components which has been added as a binder is water-soluble. The binder which is used in the prior art generally consists of water-soluble as well as non-water-soluble components. Treatment with the aqueous solution can dissolve the water-soluble components under the chosen conditions. Maintaining the presence of these non-dissolving components in water will help preserve the shape of the green body.
    As an aqueous composition for the treatment of the green body to make it porous, it is possible to use tap water, distilled water or demineralized water. The addition of other components, such as acids, salts or bases may be considered depending on the conditions. The duration of treatment of the green body with the aqueous composition depends on the composition of the binder and the level of porosity desired. The temperature of the treatment can be changed and it is obvious that a higher temperature can speed up the treatment.
    In the case of treatment with the aqueous composition, the treated green body must be dried to remove any residual water from the pores. Optionally, a heat treatment can also be carried out after the treatment with the aqueous composition. The residual presence of water has a negative effect on the treatment provided for in the next step of the process of the invention and, for this reason, its absence in the porous green body is preferred.
    In the next step, the green body which is deliant is subjected to a treatment with a preparation containing one or more metals. In the context of the process of the invention, the preparation containing one or more metals acts as a new pigment compound or component, where the term "other" distinguishes it from the first pigment component present in the composition for preparing the green body.
    Any form of treatment with a preparation containing one or more metals can be applied from the moment the desired effect is obtained, namely to provide the metal of the preparation containing one or more metals with a deliant green body, so that it can interact with the material of the first pigment component.
    CH 707 424 B1 Modes of treatment with a preparation containing one or more metals are, for example, impregnation with a solution of metal salts, impregnation with a gel containing metallic particles, impregnation with a gel containing metal oxide particles, applying a suspension of nanoparticles to the surface of the heat-treated green body, depositing metals on the surface using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) process and depositing metals on the surface by physical chemical vapor deposition (CVD). These methods prove to be suitable in the process of the invention. In some cases, it may be necessary to carry out a heat treatment after the application of metal to the surface of the unbound green body so that the metal in the preparation containing one or more metals diffuses into the green body and becomes available to interact with the first pigment component.
    The method which has proved to be the most favorable is the method of impregnation with a solution of another pigment component.
    Impregnation within the meaning of the present invention can be carried out by soaking the green body in an impregnation solution, but can also be carried out by inkjet printing, spraying, brushing, serigraphy or pad printing, or any another suitable method of applying a solution to the surface of an object.
    The impregnation solution is a solution containing another pigment component. This other pigment component is different from the first pigment component present in the composition for preparing the green body.
    The impregnation solution can be an aqueous solution, but when appropriate, and depending on the requirements, solutions containing at least one organic solvent are also possible. In embodiments involving soaking the green body in the impregnation solution, an aqueous solution is usually used.
    The other pigment component in the impregnation solution can be any pigment component. The other pigment component can be the salt of a versatile metal. In all cases, the type of the other pigment must have a chemical form which makes it possible to use it as a solution in an appropriate solvent.
    Suitable metals which can be used as salts in the impregnation solution are, for example, and without limitation, AI, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn and Mn. The impregnation solution may contain a salt of one of these metals and a combination of salts of more than one metal. Any combination of salts is possible. The metal salts can be chlorides, a salt form which has good solubility. Other salts are possible, such as nitrates and sulfates.
    A solution which is found to be effective is an aqueous solution containing a combination of salts of Fe, Cr and Ni, for example in the form of chlorides. Impregnation with this specific type of solution is effective in changing an originally blue color to black. A blue ceramic is, for example, a ceramic produced from a composition comprising yttria zirconia with the spinel component C0AI2O4. Impregnating a green body prepared from this composition with an aqueous solution containing a combination of salts of Fe, Cr and Ni results in the formation of a black color in the impregnated area. The same impregnation solution containing Fe, Cr and Ni causes the formation of a black color after the impregnation of a green body prepared from yttria zirconia with Fe 2 O 3 as the first pigment component, which produces a ceramic Brown. The same impregnating solution can also change the color of a sintered product from green to black, where green ceramic is, for example, a ceramic prepared from a combination of yttria zirconia and a green pigment containing chromium.
    Other favorable combinations of second pigment components for obtaining a black color are Fe and Zn, Fe and Cr, Fe, Cr and Zn, Fe, Cr and Mn, Ni and Cr, and Ni, Cr and Mn.
    The concentration of the different elements in the solution must be adjusted to obtain the desired color, but also to avoid problems after cooking (such as adhesion to molds or adjusting devices, deformation, loss of mechanical properties or rupture).
    It is possible to subject the entire surface of the green body to treatment with the preparation containing one or more metals as another pigment component, preferably by impregnation, but a typical embodiment of the present invention consists in treating only part of the total area and / or the total volume of the green body. This partial treatment of the green body gives, after final sintering, the production of a two-color technical ceramic having different colors, in the sense that a first colored area and a second colored area of a different color are present. An example is shown schematically in FIG. 1, where the watch component 4, like a watch case bezel, has a first part 1 of its surface which has a first color and a second part 2 of its surface which has a second color different from the first color. Preferably, the difference in color is marked so as to produce a strong contrast between the two colors, such as brown / black, blue / black, green / black, white / blue, white / brown or white / black, for example. It is also possible to produce multi-colored technical ceramics by performing a partial treatment with (at least) two different treatment preparations, according to the preferred embodiment, two different impregnation solutions, on different surfaces.
    Local coloring can be carried out by physical masking followed by dipping, for example with an adhesive strip, with a photosensitive resin, by local deposition of the solution by pad printing, screen printing or inkjet, or by any other process suitable for the localized and controlled application of a liquid solution on a surface.
    CH 707 424 B1 The duration of the treatment with the preparation containing one or more metals must guarantee the sufficient application of the pigment component. For example, in one of the preferred embodiments of the treatment by impregnation by soaking, the duration can be adjusted between 15 seconds and 20 minutes, preferably between 1 and 15 minutes, and more preferably between 2 and 10 minutes. It was surprisingly observed that a soaking time of less than 1 minute provided a very satisfactory result. So impregnations as short as 15 to 45 seconds can give the desired result. It does not depend on the temperature chosen for the heat treatment in the first heat treatment or the debinding step. The effect of pretreatment at temperatures between 750 ° C and 1100 ° C was studied and no effect of this choice of temperature on the required duration of impregnation could be observed. The comparison of the impregnation for 1.5 and 15 minutes showed that at all the different pre-treatment temperatures, an impregnation for 1 minute was sufficient.
    The treatment process with the preparation containing one or more metals according to the process of the invention, in particular the preferred impregnation with the impregnation solution, leads to the penetration of the metallic component of the preparation containing one or more metals in the green body. This deep penetration into the green body, in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the green body, gives a good quality of coloring which, for example, will not be negatively affected by a polishing treatment or any other similar final treatment of the surface. . On the other hand, the impregnation solution should ideally not diffuse laterally, that is to say parallel to the surface of the green body, as this would cause a demarcation of the colored areas which would no longer be precise. Unexpectedly, in relation to the present invention, there is a limited lateral diffusion and a clear demarcation between the colored zones in the sintered product.
    One property that can influence the diffusion observed in the preferred impregnation treatment is the viscosity of the impregnation solution. A higher viscosity of the liquid results in less diffusion in the green body, and the quality of the result obtained is better. Any thickening agent can be used as an optional component in the context of the present invention. Suitable thickening agents are the different types of polyethylene glycol, but basically any conventional thickening agent can be used, such as cellulose ether, hydroxycellulose ether, glycerol, ethylene glycol, polyacrylic polymers, polymers polymethacrylics, vinyl polymers, polycarboxylic acids, polyimines and polyamides. The optionally present conventional thickening agent is burnt during the heat treatment in the heat treatment step which follows the impregnation.
    The impregnation of the green body is usually carried out with a single impregnation solution. The impregnation solution contains all the components necessary for the appropriate concentration.
    It is also possible to carry out the impregnation or any other alternative treatment sequentially: the basic treatment as described above is carried out with several preparations one after the other. The order of sequential processing does not seem to play any role. For example, in sequential impregnation with separate solutions of iron (III) chloride, nickel chloride and chromium chloride, treatment with the iron (III) chloride solution can be started, followed by solutions of nickel chloride and chromium chloride in this order, but we can just as well start with nickel chloride, followed by chromium chloride then iron (III) chloride in this order, or in any other possible order of steps . The final result obtained in these different sequential treatments is substantially the same, insofar as this final result refers to the color as well as to the mechanical properties. The important drying step in the process of the present invention using the impregnation is carried out, in this particular embodiment, after the last impregnation in the sequence of separate impregnations. However, it is also possible to carry out drying after each impregnation step.
    Another embodiment involving several stages of surface treatment should be chosen when more than two colors are required in the final product. Different treatments involving differently treated areas are possible and, in this embodiment, the method can be carried out by separate treatment or covering of selected areas in a number of subsequent steps, for example, by separate covering of selected areas in a certain number of subsequent stages, or by the deposition by jetting of different solutions on different zones. In this way, different patterns can be made for the final sintered product.
    After impregnating the green body with the impregnation solution, the resulting impregnated green body is subjected to a thorough drying procedure. A typical drying step in the context of the present invention consists in air drying for a few minutes to a few hours, such as 3 to 24 hours, or 12 to 24 hours, at room temperature. You can also choose other temperatures, such as any temperature between room temperature and 100 ° C, for example between 60 ° C and 100 ° C. The duration of the drying step can be adapted to the chosen temperature. For example, when you choose a temperature between 60 ° C and 100 ° C for the drying step, the drying time can be between 1 and 60 minutes. The drying step is essential in the process of the present invention using impregnation as a preferred mode of treatment, although changing the conditions will not change the color. In an industrial environment, it may be important to optimize the drying step to remove water and HCl (if chloride salts are used) as much as possible before sintering.
    Other methods of treatment with a preparation containing one or more metals usually do not need a separate drying step.
    CH 707 424 B1 After drying, the treated green body is sintered. When using conventional sintering, that is to say when the green body is densified with a conventional sintering process, the sintering is carried out at a temperature between 1300 ° C and 1550 ° C. Regularly, sintering is carried out at a temperature of 1500 ° C. The temperature may depend on the conditions of the case; it is observed, for example, that the effect of sintering is favored by the presence of iron oxide which allows sintering at a lower temperature, in the lower range of the preferred range above. For example, a treatment with impregnating solutions containing only an iron salt (for example, a solution of FeCl 3 .6H 2 O) has been studied at different temperatures. Lowering the treatment temperature by only 30 ° C, from 1500 ° C to 1470 ° C, improves the result observed for sintering in the sense that the microstructure of the sintered product is improved, with the preservation of grains at a typical particle size zirconia around 0.5 μm, without the appearance of large grains of cubic phase of size 1-2 μm. Consequently, the composition of the impregnation solution is a relevant parameter for determining the sintering conditions and, in particular, the sintering temperature.
    The sintering mode implies that the sintering temperature must be kept constant for a certain time; we are talking about holding time. Regularly, a hold time of 2 hours is sufficient to obtain the sintering effect. You can choose shorter or longer hold times, if necessary, such as between 1.5 and 3 hours. The total sintering procedure requires a heating period until the final sintering temperature has been reached followed by a cooling period after the immersion time has expired. The duration of the total sintering procedure, including heating and cooling, can range from 24 to 32 hours. A longer sintering procedure can also be used. Therefore, other conditions and modes other than conventional sintering can be used, such as, for example, flash sintering, hot isostatic compression or microwave sintering. In other cases, the sintering conditions must be adapted.
    During sintering, the color of the impregnated zone (namely the color of the zone of the ceramic which is treated with the preparation containing one or more metals, and in particular which is impregnated with the impregnation solution) and , in some cases, the color of the substrate (i.e. the color of the area of the untreated ceramic) is formed. According to the typical arrangement of the colored technical ceramic according to the invention, the colors in these two zones must be different.
    The color in the area of the ceramic not impregnated with the impregnation solution depends on the composition containing the first pigment used in the preparation of the green body. By way of nonlimiting examples, the color can be brown (brown) as is the case in the presence of Fe 2 O 3 in yttria-zirconia, green in the case of a green pigment in yttria-zirconia, blue in the case of cobalt aluminate (such as the spinel pigment CoAI 2 0 4 ) in yttria zirconia, or white in the case of aluminum oxide in yttria zirconia. The area treated with the preparation containing the other pigment has a different color. The color obtained in the treated area depends on the first pigment component in the composition used to prepare the green body as well as on the composition of the preparation containing one or more metals, since the color after treatment (in particular after impregnation) must be generated by the interaction between the pigment component in the composition used in the preparation of the green body and the other pigment component in the preparation of the treatment, in particular the other pigment component in the preparation of the impregnation solution.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface which is not impregnated has a blue color, while the impregnated surface has a black color. The association of the color black with the color blue is a very preferred association, since the association provides an easily observable contrast. This association of colors is obtained in a preferred embodiment involving cobalt aluminate as the first pigment component and the treatment with a preparation containing Fe, Cr and Ni, and in a more preferred embodiment, the impregnation with an aqueous solution of salts of Fe, Cr and Ni.
    If the impregnation is used as a preferred embodiment, the effectiveness of the impregnation does not seem to depend on the type of counterions present in the impregnation solution. This aspect has been studied in association with impregnation solutions containing Fe, Ni and Cr. The salts of these metals have been supplied in the form of chlorides as well as nitrates and have been studied in different associations. All associations gave a black color in the impregnated area, which is similar to a reference black color.
    It is assumed that the color change is caused by replacement of elements in the crystal lattice of the first pigment component.
    X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out on polished samples and showed the presence of three usual phases of yttria zirconia (tetragonal, cubic and monoclinic), the tetragonal phase being predominant.
    The pigment corresponds to a cubic phase of space group Fd-3m, which is the same phase as the spinel pigment CoAI 2 0 4 of blue ceramic or that the pigment Fe 3 O 4 of black ceramic. This phase is known to accept other elements on the Co 2+ , Al 3+ and / or Fe 2+ / Fe 3+ sites which can be occupied by, for example, Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn , Mo, Ni, or Zn with the corresponding degree of oxidation. Depending on the composition, the color and the mesh setting will vary, which will displace the X-ray bands.
    CH 707 424 B1 The size of the pigment particles is comparable in the impregnated and non-impregnated samples (typically 1-2 μm, cf. FIG. 2). The microstructure of the ceramic particles is homogeneous and fine, with a particle size typical of approx. 0.5 pm.
    It is likely that the pigment present in the composition for preparing the green body and the elements in the preparation containing one or more metals form a single phase in the sintered product. In a sintered product obtained after impregnation of a yttria zirconia containing cobalt aluminate as a pigment component, the chemical analysis carried out on the impregnated samples has shown that the elements added by the impregnation are present in the sintered ceramic in combination with Co and Al from the pigment. The added elements are not detected outside the zones which correspond to the spinel type particles CoAI 2 0 4 .
    In another embodiment of the process of the present invention, the area of the ceramic not treated with the preparation containing one or more metals is white, as in the case of yttria zirconia containing alumina as the first pigment component. The impregnation of a green body prepared from this material with a solution containing cobalt gives, after sintering, the formation of an impregnated zone of blue color. In this case, it is assumed that the blue color generated is based on the in situ generation of the spinel pigment C0AI2O4. This in situ formation of the blue pigment is based on the reaction of Co metal ions with alumina. In this embodiment, the impregnation solution may contain a salt of the metals Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ti and Zn, among others. Favorable impregnation solutions for this embodiment are solutions containing salts of Fe, Ni and Cr, Co and Cr, Cr, Cr, Co and Zn, and Ni and Cr. The salts will regularly be chlorides, but other salts are possible, such as nitrates and sulfates.
    Another embodiment of the process of the present invention consists in treating, in a first step, the entire surface of the ceramic, for example with a first impregnation solution, and in treating, in a second step, only a part of the surface, for example with a second impregnation solution. This double treatment, in particular in the form of double impregnation, makes it possible to obtain two colors different from the color obtained with the initial non-impregnated material. Such a double treatment may be advantageous, for example, for finely adjusting the color of the substrate. As an illustrative example, it is therefore possible to obtain a darker shade or shade (eg with solutions containing Fe, Ni, Cr, and / or Co in the case of impregnation) or a shade or shade lighter (eg with solutions containing Al in the case of impregnation) of the color of the non-impregnated initial material, in association with the second more contrasted color obtained with the association of the first and second solutions d 'impregnation. Alternatively, only part of the surface of the ceramic can be treated in a first step, for example with a first impregnating solution, and another part of the surface can be treated in a second step, for example with a second impregnation solution.
    Finally, as a last action in the production of colored technical ceramic, the products can be polished or subjected to any other final treatment to obtain an external appearance in accordance with the intended use. This last action is optional and depends on the intended use of the sintered product.
    It was also noted that the final color can be influenced by several process and material parameters: the color of the substrate, the sintering temperature, the distribution of pore sizes of the substrate before the impregnation step, in in the case of impregnation, the viscosity of the impregnating liquid and the surface tension of the impregnating liquid and the substrate, the concentration of metals and metal salts in the preparation or solution, the kinetics and the drying conditions (such as temperature and duration), and the techniques and conditions used for treatment (in the case of impregnation, the choice of soaking or inkjet - and in the case of inkjet, parameters such as drop size, resolution, and number of print repeats). It will therefore be necessary to adjust and optimize the process parameters for a given experimental situation.
    In conclusion, the method of the present invention has a number of surprising effects:
    - mechanical properties such as hardness, solidity and modulus of elasticity are not influenced by the impregnation;
    - the color obtained by treatment with the preparation containing one or more metals is identical to or very close to that of commercially available materials;
    - the microstructure remains homogeneous and fine-grained; and
    the added elements are located in the phase of the pigment component, such as, for example, the spinel type CoAI 2 0 4 .
    Next, the colored technical ceramics are described.
    The colored technical ceramics of the present invention contain a ceramic material, as described above in connection with the process for preparing colored technical ceramics.
    The colored technical ceramics according to the present invention are not particularly limited as regards their shape and can have any shape.
    The colored technical ceramics according to the present invention have different colored zones which are obtained by applying the method of the present invention as described above. Any combination of colors is possible: the first zone can, for example, be blue, white, brown, red or green, the second blue, green, brown or
    CH 707 424 B1 black. The choice of colors depends on the intended use of technical ceramics; purely aesthetic reasons may also play a role in their choice.
    Colored technical ceramics include a first colored zone and a second colored zone of a different color. The arrangement of the present invention makes it possible to have other zones of different colors, such as, for example, a third zone of a third color which is still different and a fourth zone of the same kind. Although this option is specifically intended for another possible embodiment of the present invention, it will not be discussed further.
    The specific colors in the two different color zones are determined by the pigment components present. The pigment component in the first zone is chosen as a function of the desired color in this first zone as well as in the second zone.
    It is particularly preferred to provide a first zone of technical ceramics having a blue color, while the second zone of technical ceramics will have a black color. Other possible colors of the first zone are brown or brown, green or white. Other preferred combinations are white for the first zone and blue or black for the second zone.
    A particular characteristic of the technical ceramics of the present invention is that the dividing line between the two zones of different colors is made along a sharp line. It is one of the advantages of the process of the present invention for the production of colored technical ceramics to allow the formation of the second color in the second zone of technical ceramics along a fine line. Although the formation of the second color in the process of the present invention is based on the treatment with a preparation containing one or more metals, preferably the impregnation with a solution, this treatment does not cause any significant lateral diffusion of the solution in the substrate of technical ceramics, which is one of the surprising effects of the process of the present invention.
    The colored technical ceramics of the present invention are also distinguished by the usual properties of this kind of material, such as typically the absence of porosity, the high density and the hardness. Ceramic materials are generally well known for their excellent combination of favorable properties. This includes, in particular, favorable mechanical strength, which is very often the motivation for choosing ceramic materials for particular functions. The coloring of the second zone by impregnation followed by drying and sintering could lead to a reduction in the mechanical properties compared to the first non-impregnated zone. It is surprisingly observed that the colored technical ceramics of the present invention have mechanical properties comparable to the properties of non-impregnated ceramic materials of the same type.
    The colored technical ceramics of the present invention can be used in various applications. Since the colored technical ceramics of the present invention exhibit the usual properties of conventional colored technical ceramics, they can be used in all applications where technical ceramics are regularly used.
    Obviously, the additional aspect of the coloring makes the colored technical ceramics of the present invention very suitable for applications for which the coloring provides added value. These applications are regularly found in ornamental items such as external components of watches, watch cases, brooches, tie pins, cuff links, external components of mobile phones and household appliances. Colored technical ceramics are particularly suitable for use in two-color watch cases and watch components, in particular for the watch case, such as blue and black or brown and black glasses. The combination of mechanical properties with aesthetic properties make it a very suitable application.
    [0102] FIG. 1 provides a diagram of a colored watch bezel 4 according to the invention. The watch bezel 4 contains a first zone 1 and a second colored zone 2. The second colored zone 2 has been prepared by an impregnation step which has been limited to zone 2.
    Examples [0103] Method used in the examples:
    Density The density is measured according to the Archimedes method in absolute ethanol. Each sample is measured three times and the average value is measured.
    Colorimetry [0105] L * a * b * measurements are carried out after machining and polishing the sample, on the free face (namely the face which is not in contact with the sample holder during the heat treatment), with a measurement opening of 7 mm in three different places. The equipment is a Minolta CM3610d with illuminant D 6 s. The colorimetry is indicated
    CH 707 424 B1 as the color difference AE La b (or ΔΕ) between the measurement and the color of a reference sample (a commercial ceramic of the target color, obtained with a standard pigment).
    AE Lab is calculated by the formula ΔΕ = (AL 2 + Aa 2 + Ab 2 ) 0.5 .
    Hardness The hardness measurements were carried out by indentation with KB250 Prüftechnik GmbH equipment. HV5 indentations were performed under a 5 kg load applied for 15 s. The hardness is evaluated by the formula proposed by K. Niihara:
    K1c = 0.0089 (E / Hv) 2/5 P / (a / c) 0.5 where E is the elastic modulus (as measured, for example, by acoustic microscopy), Hv is the hardness in GPa, P is the load in N, a is the half-diagonal of the indentation and it is the length of the crack formed after indentation.
    Microhardness The microhardness HV1 was measured with LEICA VMHT MOT equipment under a load of 1 kg for 15 s. 10 measurements were made per sample.
    Young's modulus The Young's modulus and the Poisson ratio were measured by acoustic microscopy (non-destructive control by ultrasound). The relative measurement uncertainty is 2% for the two parameters.
    Example 1.
    Chloride solutions [0109] The following solutions were tested to obtain a black coloration (concentration in mol / l or M) on a blue zirconia:
    Table 1. [0110]
    Solution FeCI 3 -6H 2 O [M] NiCI 2 -6H 2 O [M] CrCI 3 -6 H 2 O [M] ZnCI 2 [M] MnCI 2 -4H 2 O [M] S1 0.57 0.65 0.44 S2 0.29 0.33 0.22 S5 0.77 0.88 0.59 S5 + PEG1 0.77 0.88 0.59 S5 + PEG2 0.77 0.88 0.59 S6 1.72 S7 1.72 0.24 S8 0.77 0.59 S9 1.00 0.59 S10 1.00 0.77 S11 0.77 0.59 0.1 S12 0.77 0.59 0.2
    The solution S5 corresponds to a solution S1 with a higher concentration of salt (S5 = S1 x 1.35).
    is a solution without Ni, with Fe only.
    is a solution without Ni, with Fe and Zn.
    is a Ni-free solution, based on Cr and Fe.
    and S10 are S8-based solutions with higher ion concentrations to obtain a deeper black.
    For solutions S6 and S7, substrates preheated to 1100 ° C were impregnated for 5 minutes, dried and sintered at 1500 ° C with a soaking time of 2 h.
    CH 707 424 B1 [0113] Analysis of the composition by X-ray spectrography by energy dispersive analysis has shown that the elements added are located on the blue pigment grains.
    Colorimetry measurements were carried out for samples impregnated with solutions S1, S5 (all variants), S6 and S7 (S1: samples pretreated at 750 ° C, 900 ° C, 950 ° C and 1100 ° C; S5 : 750 ° C, 900 ° C, 950 ° C, 1100 ° C and 1150 ° C; S6 and S7: 1100 ° C only). The measurements were taken at two different depths (typically at the surface and at a depth of 0.4 mm) to assess the consistency of the coloration in the mass of the samples. The difference of 0.4 mm in depth typically corresponds to half the thickness of the bezel of a ceramic watch case.
    Regardless of the solution and the pretreatment, the black coloration obtained was very close (ΔΕ <1) to the commercial reference, except for the solutions containing Mn only (ΔΕ <2) (results not displayed in the table). The color is identical to the surface of the substrate and to a depth of 0.4 mm.
    The blue coloring of the substrate was not changed near the impregnated areas.
    The influence of the viscosity of the solution on the diffusion length and on the delicacy of the demarcation was studied, by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG20) to the solution S5. This addition increased the viscosity from 4.3 [mPa.s] for solution S5 to 6.1 and 8.0 [mPa.s] for solutions S5-PEG1 and S5-PEG2, respectively. The presence of PEG significantly slowed capillary diffusion. However, it also appeared to cause less uniform coloring.
    Example 2.
    Solutions based on chlorides and nitrates The solutions based on chlorides and nitrates indicated below were formulated for ink jet deposition, and have lower salt concentrations than solution S5 of the Example 1. Nitrate salts were used to increase the solubility limit of the solutions (except for the Cr salt, which is more soluble in the chloride form). The highest solubility, at comparable concentrations, was obtained by using nitrates of Fe and Ni and chlorides of Cr. All of the above solutions gave a black color similar to the reference black color.
    Table 2. [0119]
    Solution Fe (NO 3 ) 3 -9H 2 O [M] Ni (NO 3 ) 2 -6H 2 O [M] CrCI 3 -6 H 2 O [M] SN1 ' 0.77 0.22 0,145 SN3 ' 0.77 0.44 0.29 SN5 ' 0.77 0.88 0.59
    The best results have been obtained with the solution SN1 ', composed of the nitrates of Fe and Ni and of chloride of Cr, because it makes it possible to obtain a black color with AE <1 while having a low concentration of ions.
    Example 3.
    Nitrate-based solutions [0121] Chloride-free solutions were also tested, as listed below. The Fe-Ni-Cr solutions gave a black color similar to the reference black color. In general, solutions based on chlorides and nitrates have given comparable results.
    Table 3. [0122]
    Solution Fe (NO 3 ) 3 -9H 2 O [M] Ni (NO 3 ) 2-6H 2 O [M] Cr (NO 3 ) 2-9H 2 O [M] N1 0.77 0.22 0,145 N3 0.77 0.44 0.29 N5 0.77 0.88 0.59
    CH 707 424 B1
    Example 4.
    Solutions tested on brown / brown substrates The following solutions have been successfully tested on brown / brown substrates of yttria zirconia.
    Table 4.
    [0124]
    Solution FeCI 3 -6 H 2 O [M] NiCI 2 6 H 2 O [M] CrCI 3 -6 H 2 O [M] Co (N0 3 ) 2 -6 H 2 O [M] MnCI2-4 H 2 O [M] S1 0.57 0.65 0.44 S1 + Mn 0.65 0.44 0.1 S1 + Mn 2 0.65 0.44 0.2 S5 0.77 0.88 0.59 S5-CrNi 0.88 0.59 S5 + Mn 0.88 0.59 0.1 S5 + Mn 2 0.88 0.59 0.2 S5-S4a 0.1 S5 S4b 0.2 SC1 0.5 SC2 1.0
    The solutions containing Mn SC1 and SC2 have also given satisfactory results for obtaining a black color on brown substrates.
    Example 5.
    Solutions Tested on White Substrates The solutions SB1 and SB2 gave a blue color after impregnation of a white yttria zirconia with alumina as the first pigment component.
    Table 5 below summarizes the results obtained on a white yttria zirconia doped with alumina.
    Table 5.
    [0128]
    CoCI 2 6H 2 O solution [M]
    SB1 0.42
    SB2 0.84 Using white alumina doped yttria zirconia, solutions SB1 and SB2 gave two-color white and blue products.
    In a similar manner, a black and white coloration was obtained with the solutions S1 and S2 (described in example 1), using yttria zirconia.
    Example 6.
    Influence of the duration of impregnation and of the pretreatment temperature on the concentration of the fixed salts [0131] The influence of the open porosity, which depends on the temperature of the pretreatment (debinding heat treatment), on the color and the composition final, and the influence of the duration of the impregnation of the ceramic, were tested. For the blue substrates, the temperature was varied between 750 ° C and 1150 ° C (tested temperatures: 750, 900, 950, 1100 and 1150 ° C), and the impregnation time between 1 and 15 minutes.
    CH 707 424 B1 The results obtained for pretreatment temperatures of 750, 900, 950 and 1100 ° C are comparable. These results depend on the substrate used: for brown zirconia, the temperatures are lower than those of blue zirconia. Regarding the absorption of the solution by capillary action, it is fairly rapid, since most of the fixing is carried out in the first minute of impregnation (tests carried out for pretreatment temperatures of 750, 900, 950 and 1100 ° C., after immersion of 1 min, 5 min or 15 min).
    Example 7.
    Influence of the Pretreatment Temperature and of the Composition of the Solutions on the Diffusion of the Impregnation Front [0133] Ideally, the solution must penetrate deep to give good coloring but must not diffuse laterally so that the demarcation between two colored zones stays sharp. The influence of the pretreatment temperature and the composition of the solution, both on the diffusion of the solution in the ceramic and on the delicacy of the demarcation, has been studied. Each sample was immersed for 5 minutes. The width of the impregnated region was measured before and after drying of the samples (12 h at 40 ° C. under ambient atmosphere). The sample was then sintered, ground and polished to observe the delicacy of the demarcation.
    For the pretreatments at 750, 900, 950 and 1100 ° C, the diffusion of the solution is comparable. Once again, these results depend on the substrate used: for brown zirconia, the temperatures are lower than those of blue zirconia.
    Example 8.
    Concentration of the solutions It was possible to vary the concentrations of different solutions without impacting the color, as illustrated in Table 1.
    Example 9.
    Sequential impregnation Samples pretreated at 1100 ° C. were impregnated for 2 minutes in separate solutions (solutions with only one of the salts of Cr, Ni and Fe) and sequentially in a solution of Cr, then Ni and finally Fe, to be compared with samples impregnated with the S5 solution which combined Cr, Ni and Fe.
    Regarding color and density, the sequential impregnation gave results similar to the S5 solution (ΔΕ = 0.1).
    Impregnation with solutions containing only Cr, Ni or Fe gave colors different from the reference black color. FeCI 3 produces a black with shades of blue; NiCI 2 or CrCI 3 produces dark blues.
    Table 6.
    [0139]
    Solution FeCI 3 -6 H 2 O [M] NiCIs 6 H 2 O [M] CrCI 3 -6 H 2 O [M] S5 0.77 0.88 0.59 S5 sequential impregnation 0.77 0.88 0.59 S5-S1 0.77 S5-S2 0.88 S3-S5 0.59
    Example 10.
    Sintering The grain growth has been observed for certain solutions and is typical of an increase in the proportion of cubic phase at high sintering temperature. It is also known that iron oxide promotes sintering and lowers the sintering temperature.
    Therefore, depending on the composition of the solution, the sintering conditions can be adjusted to obtain an optimal result.
    CH 707 424 B1
    Example 11.
    Production of two-color glasses [0141] Two-color ceramic glasses were produced by injection molding followed by impregnation. The glasses had smooth surfaces with hollows. The impregnation was carried out by soaking the unbinding green bodies of blue yttria zirconia in solutions, such as solutions S1, S5 and S6 described in Example 1 and dilutions of solution S6, typically for 30 seconds, with sintering at 950 or 1100 ° C.
    After impregnation, the glasses were dried for 12-24 h at room temperature, in air, before sintering at 1500 ° C and final polishing. In all cases, the coloring was satisfactory, with a clear demarcation between the blue and black zones.
    The different process steps can alter the geometry and the mechanical properties of the components. Depending on the mechanical operations carried out after sintering, as well as the shrinkage observed after cooking, it may be necessary to adapt the composition of the solutions and / or the processing conditions.
    Example 12.
    Brown / brown substrate [0144] Brown (brown) zirconia is usually obtained by adding Fe 2 O 3 to the yttria zirconia. The solutions mentioned above (and in particular the solutions S1, S5 and SB2) also make it possible to obtain a two-tone brown-black bezel.
    The debinding and pre-sintering conditions have been optimized for the initial material. The sintering conditions have also been adapted. The impregnation was carried out for 1 minute, followed by air drying for 24 h.
    Example 13.
    Green substrate [0146] The solution S1 described in example 1 also made it possible to obtain a two-color green-black bezel with a yttria zirconia comprising a green pigment.
    Example 14.
    Brown / brown substrate [0147] Brown (brown) zirconia is usually obtained by adding Fe 2 O 3 to yttria-containing zirconia. The solutions SA1, SA2 and SA3 make it possible to obtain a two-tone light brown-brown lens. In other words, using an impregnating solution containing an aluminum salt makes it possible to obtain a lighter color.
    We also tested a double impregnation, for example with the solution SA4 over the entire telescope, followed by the solution S5 over part of the telescope. This double impregnation makes it possible to obtain a two-tone black-light brown bezel, with a light brown lighter than the color of the non-impregnated initial material.
    The debinding and pre-sintering conditions have been optimized for the initial material. The sintering conditions have also been adapted. The impregnation was carried out for 1 minute, followed by air drying for 24 h.
    Solution AICI 3 [M] AI (NO 3 ) 3 [M] SA1 1 0 SA2 1.5 0 SA3 2 0 SA4 0 2
    Example 15.
    Green substrate [0150] The SA1 solution described in Example 14 also made it possible to obtain a two-color green-blue bezel with a yttria zirconia comprising a green pigment.
    CH 707 424 B1
    Example 16.
    Blue substrate [0151] The solutions SA1, SA2 and SA3 described in Example 14 also make it possible to obtain a two-color light blue-blue bezel with a blue zirconia, as in Example 1. In other words, use a impregnating solution containing an aluminum salt makes it possible to obtain a lighter color.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Method for producing a colored technical ceramic, comprising the following steps:
    providing a composition comprising a technical ceramic material, a first pigment component and, optionally, binders, preparing a green body from this composition, optionally debinding the green body, then subjecting the green body to treatment with a preparation containing one or more metals as another pigment component, and sintering of the treated green body.
    [2]
    2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises binders and where the step of debinding the green body is included, where the step of debinding consists of heat treating the green body, or treating the green body with a solution aqueous then drying the treated green body.
    [3]
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the technical ceramic material is zirconia stabilized with yttrium oxide, lime, cerium oxide or magnesia.
    [4]
    4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first pigment component is chosen from the group consisting of the compounds AI 2 O 3 , CoO, Co 2 0 3 , Co 3 0 4 , Cr 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O, CuO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Mo0 2 , Mo0 3 , NbO, NbO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , NiO, PbO, PbO 2 , SnO, SnO 2 , TiO, Ti 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , VO 2 , V 2 O 5 , WO 2 , W 2 O 5 and WO 3 .
    [5]
    5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the first pigment component is chosen from AI 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 .
    [6]
    6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first pigment component is a mineral complex pigment component having a spinel crystal structure of space group Fd-3m.
    [7]
    7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first pigment component has the formula (Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Mn) (AI, Cr, Fe) 2 0 4 .
    [8]
    8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal treatment for debinding the green body is carried out at a temperature between 700 ° C and 1200 ° C.
    [9]
    9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the green body is partially subjected to a treatment with the preparation containing one or more metals.
    [10]
    10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the treatment with the preparation containing one or more metals is an impregnation with a solution of another pigment component containing one or more metals, followed by drying of the impregnated green body.
    [11]
    11. The method of claim 10, wherein the impregnating solution is a solution of at least one salt of Al Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ti and Zn in water and / or, if appropriate, at least one organic solvent.
    [12]
    12. The method of claim 10 or 11, wherein the drying step after impregnation is carried out at room temperature for 12 to 24 hours, or at 60-100 ° C for 1 to 60 minutes.
    [13]
    13. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the green body which has been treated with a preparation containing one or more metals as another pigment component and has been optionally dried, is sintered at a temperature between 1300 ° C and 1550 ° C .
    [14]
    14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the colored technical ceramic is a watch case or a watch bezel.
    [15]
    15. Colored technical ceramic, consisting of a technical ceramic material, technical ceramic comprising a first colored zone and a second colored zone of a different color, where the first colored zone contains a first pigment component, and the second colored zone contains a second pigment component formed from the first pigment component and the other pigment component, this other pigment component comprising one or more metals.
    [16]
    16. A colored technical ceramic according to claim 15, in which the first colored zone contains a pigment component corresponding to a cubic phase of space group Fd-3m, such as a CoAI 2 0 4 pigment, and in which the second colored zone comprises the component pigment in combination with at least one of Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ti and Zn.
    [17]
    17. A colored technical ceramic according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the first colored zone has a blue, brown or white color and the second colored zone has a blue, brown or black color.
    CH 707 424 B1
    [18]
    18. A colored technical ceramic according to one of claims 15 to 17 which is a watch case bezel.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP2016501820A|2016-01-21|
    US20150307405A1|2015-10-29|
    CN105121388A|2015-12-02|
    CH707424A2|2014-06-30|
    JP6906042B2|2021-07-21|
    WO2014096318A1|2014-06-26|
    EP2746242A1|2014-06-25|
    JP2020055742A|2020-04-09|
    JP6664962B2|2020-03-13|
    US9458064B2|2016-10-04|
    CN105121388B|2018-01-23|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-14| PFA| Name/firm changed|Owner name: ROLEX SA, CH Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ROLEX SA, CH |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP12198972|2012-12-21|
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