• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for generating grinding of a workpiece with teeth, wherein a grinding worm tangled tangentially in the width direction and / or moved parallel to the workpiece axis, wherein a feed movement of the grinding worm is moved in the axial direction to the workpiece, depending on the number of turns of the grinding worm and the Number of teeth of the workpiece is controlled.
    公开号:CH707100B1
    申请号:CH00406/13
    申请日:2013-02-06
    公开日:2017-07-14
    发明作者:Geiser Hansjörg
    申请人:Liebherr-Verzahntechnik Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description [0001] The invention relates to a method for generating grinding of a workpiece with teeth with a grinding worm.
    The helical grinding tools used for generating grinding are usually performed significantly wider than their pure engagement width. This has the regular purpose of various shift methods of the tool, d. H. along the axis of rotation of the grinding worm, in order to grind the gears in special way. In this case, it is possible to shift the tool discontinuously in the tool axis direction in order, for example, to utilize different grinding regions of the grinding worm.
    A grinding method is known from DE 3 707 607 A1, in which the grinding worm is continuously displaced in the axial tool direction during the grinding process in order to obtain a workpiece with a specially modified tooth flank topology or surface structure.
    A major disadvantage of this known in the prior art grinding process is that the tooth topology of individual tooth gaps of the workpiece may differ slightly on its circumference. Due to the tool feed parallel to the workpiece axis with simultaneous axial and / or diagonal movement of the tool all teeth are completed at different times. Therefore, due to the feed movement, a different tool area engages with each work tooth. The mentioned fact leads to measurable deviations of the individual tooth topologies of the machined workpiece.
    Although the deviations are usually only in the micrometer range, however, such a slight deviation can clearly perceptible effect on the running noise of the teeth, especially in noise-critical teeth.
    The object of the present invention is to provide a method for grinding and / or diagonal grinding of workpieces with corrected tooth geometry and modified surface structure, which knows how to overcome the above problem.
    This object is achieved by the method according to the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the method are the subject of adjoining the main claim dependent claims.
    According to claim 1, a method for grinding a workpiece with teeth is proposed to produce a workpiece with a corrected tooth geometry and / or modified surface structure. The grinding tool used is a grinding worm. For machining the workpiece, the grinding worm is displaced parallel to the workpiece axis during the grinding process and, in the case of diagonal grinding, additionally in a tangential direction to the workpiece, i. H. in the width direction of the tool, vershiftet.
    The tangential movement is preferably carried out continuously during a complete Schleifhubs.
    If only a small feed in the radial direction is moved to the workpiece during the grinding process, so individual teeth of the workpiece may have more or less large deviations in terms of their tooth topology or flank topology. This effect is particularly enhanced if the tool used itself has a topological correction for generating a corrected tooth geometry and / or modified surface structure and is ground in the diagonal grinding process.
    While in the grinding method according to the prior art, the feed regardless of the number of workpiece teeth in the context of technology limits can be modified almost arbitrarily, the invention is the core idea to control the feed movement of the grinding tool in the axial direction depending on one or more parameters , According to the invention, the feed movement of the tool is controlled as a function of the tool speed and the number of teeth of the workpiece.
    The technologically recognized as optimal feed value is preferably multiplied by the number of teeth of the workpiece and / or with the tool speed. Through this approach, each width range of a tooth flank is machined by a defined tool area. This leads to a very uniform edge topology over all workpiece teeth.
    With this determined feed rate, a first Schleifhub is first performed and edited the workpiece. For the execution of the next grinding stroke, the workpiece must be clocked exactly by one or more tooth gaps and there is a similar subsequent processing. The gear is completed when as many grinding strokes as the gear has teeth were made.
    By the inventive method can be ensured that after z (z number of teeth of the workpiece) grinding strokes the gear is completed. Deviations between the individual tooth topologies of the workpiece are almost completely avoided or reduced to a minimum. The process product has a perceptibly higher profile quality over products made by a known grinding and diagonal grinding process.
    Ideally, the feed rate in the axial direction is determined parallel to the workpiece axis as a function of the transmission ratio of tool teeth to tool teeth teeth.
    In addition, it is possible to divide the grinding worm used along its axial direction into two or more grinding areas. The separation of the grinding worm into at least one roughing area and at least one sizing area is expedient. Consequently, the tangential movement or diagonal movement of the grinding worm during the finishing or roughing operation is limited to the respective grinding region.
    As described above, the topological deviations of the individual gears are due to the diagonal grinding only in the micrometer range. During the roughing operation, such a micrometer deviation plays only a minor role. In this case, it is expedient to drive only a slight feed movement during the roughing operation. Usually, it is also dispensed with the diagonal movement of the tool.
    The quality of the gearing is generated during the sizing operation. Against this background, it is particularly advantageous that during the sizing operation, the feed rate is controlled as a function of the worm gear number and / or the number of teeth of the workpiece or alternatively as a function of the gear ratio of tool teeth to tool teeth.
    The feed rate during the roughing operation is conveniently in the range between 0.2 mm and 1 mm per workpiece revolution, but may also be higher under certain conditions. As a rule, a continuous feed speed is used here in the desired speed corridor.
    With the inventive method, both cylindrical end and cylindrical helical gears can be ground. Workpieces with a corrected topology have particularly advantageous running properties. In particular, the running characteristics of transmissions are identified on the basis of the running noise. A corrected flank topology or modified surface structure of the gear wheels leads, with a suitable choice, to particularly quiet and pleasant noise conditions.
    It can be provided that by means of the grinding worm on at least one tooth flank of the workpiece in at least one profile region of the tooth flank edge modifications or edge waviness, in particular periodic edge modifications or edge waviness, are generated.
    For this purpose, a specially trained grinding worm and / or a superposition of the normal working movements of the grinding machine with oscillating additional movements of individual involved in the grinding process machine axes is preferably necessary. The grinding tool for this process is a grinding worm whose surface structure is dressed and profiled to produce the periodic flank ripple on the active surface. By means of a dressing tool single profile areas of the grinding worm are preferably exposed, which do not interfere in the subsequent grinding stroke on the workpiece. Alternatively or additionally, by means of oscillating additional movements of individual machine axes involved in the process during the grinding process, modifications or ripples on the tooth flank can be generated over parts of the flank or over the entire workpiece width.
    Under Schleifhub in the context of this invention is meant a processing step in which the grinding tool is moved in the axial direction, parallel to the workpiece axis and thereby machined at least portions of the gear flanks between the two end faces.
    If the tool is divided into a roughing and a finishing area, only the sizing area can be trained helically over its entire width and prepared for this particular process step.
    In addition to the processed for this advantageous embodiment of the method grinding worm also additional movements of one or more involved in the grinding process machine axes may be necessary.
    Possible axis movements are oscillating movements of one or more machine axes in the radial or tangential direction to the toothing, depending on the currently machined workpiece width position. These additional movements produce periodically recurrent surface textures or undulations in the machined profile height region on the tooth flank leading to an excitation-optimized gear surface.
    The amplitude of these structures or ripples is in the micrometer range.
    A feed movement in a first embodiment may be a radial feed movement of the tool towards the workpiece or away from the workpiece. This movement is superimposed on the necessary for the Schleifhub feed movement and takes place in dependence on the workpiece width position or on the grinding worm rotation.
    A further form of additional movement can take place in the form of a tangential additional movement in the direction of the tool axis. Furthermore, a modification in the form of additionally superimposed acceleration or deceleration to the rotational movements of the tool and / or workpiece rotational movement is possible. A wavy flank structure can also be generated via these additional movements. [0030] It is also possible to produce modifications on the tooth flank by pivoting the grinding worm. By pivoting the grinding tool, the tool width is increased in engagement or possibly reduced. This also allows ripples or modifications to be generated on the tooth flank.
    The oscillation of the additional movements may be phase-shifted or out of phase with the additional movements in the first grinding stroke. This creates an uneven ripple pattern on the flank of the toothing.
    The repetition of the grinding strokes with or without the associated additional movement takes place until the entire tooth flank of the toothing has been processed. By shifting the phase position of the ripple per stroke, a phase-shifted wave pattern over the profile height or tooth width can be generated.
    The invention further relates to a gear cutting machine for carrying out the inventive method or an advantageous embodiment of the method. Obviously, in addition to the known axes of rotation for driving the grinding tool or the tool table, the machine also requires a drive unit for moving the grinding worm tangentially to the workpiece and a further drive unit for displacing the grinding worm parallel to the workpiece axis.
    These axes are present in machines according to the prior art. To use the invention, means must additionally be provided which permit control of the feed movement as a function of the number of turns of the grinding worm and / or the number of teeth of the workpiece or of the corresponding transmission ratio.
    The advantages and properties of the inventive gear cutting machine obviously correspond to those of the inventive method, which is why at this point is dispensed with a repetitive explanation.
    Further advantages and details of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to figures. Show it:
    1 is a perspective view of a CNC Wälz- and profile grinding machine for carrying out the inventive method,
    2: a manufactured gear with eight teeth,
    Fig. 3a: a micrograph of a gear according to FIG. 2, prepared according to a known from the prior art th grinding method and
    Fig. 3b: a micrograph of a gear, prepared by the inventive method.
    Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a CNC Wälz- and profile grinding machine for carrying out the inventive method. In this case, the rolling and profile grinding machine has the degrees of freedom necessary for the machining and can, in particular, execute the drawn movements A1, B1, B3, C2, C3, C5, V1, X1, Z1 and Z4. In detail, X1 describes the radial movement of the stator carriage, V1 the tangential movement of the tool, Z1 the axial movement of the tool, B1 the rotational movement of the tool, C2 the rotational movement of the workpiece, A1 the pivoting movement of the tool, Z4 the vertical movement of the counterholder, C3 the rotational movement of the ring loader B3 the rotational movement of the dressing tool and C5 the tilt angle of the dressing tool for changing the pressure angle on the tool.
    For carrying out the method according to the invention, the corresponding workpiece is clamped on the tool table 3. On the tool shaft 5 sits a corresponding grinding worm as a machining tool which rotates about the axis of rotation B1 for carrying out the diagonal grinding process. During the grinding process, the grinding worm is moved parallel to the workpiece axis by means of the carriage in Z1 direction. At the same time a tangential-vershiftung or Diagnonalvershiftung the grinding worm to the workpiece in V1 direction.
    For an optimized grinding result, the feed movement along the axis Z1 is determined as a function of the transmission ratio between the worm gear number and the number of teeth of the workpiece, in such a way that only one tooth gap per grinding operation is completed.
    The control of the feed movement in the Z1 direction takes place only during the fine machining, i. the finishing machining of the workpiece. In particular, the feed value per workpiece revolution is multiplied by the number of teeth of the workpiece. Thus, the feed rate is taken so far up that only one gap is completed at the same time each stroke. This means that the same conditions of engagement across the workpiece width apply to all gaps. Thus, the flank topology is comparable for all gullets.
    Of course, a corresponding control of the feed movement also take place during the roughing of a workpiece.
    Fig. 2 shows a gear with eight teeth 1-8, as it can be ground, for example, with the inventive method. The tooth flanks are labeled with LF = left flank and RF = right flank.
    Fig. 3a shows a micrograph of the eight left flanks of a gear according to FIG. 2, which were ground by the Wälzschleifmethode according to the prior art. In the overview of Fig. 3a, the flanks are shown arranged side by side. The reference numeral 10 exemplifies an engagement line of the grinding worm at a time tx. The distance 20 indicates the feed of the tool parallel to the workpiece axis per workpiece revolution. In this case, a continuous feed of 0.2 to 1 mm per workpiece revolution is shown. Good to see
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    is the height offset of the individual engagement lines between the successive tooth flanks. The height offset is additionally illustrated by the oblique line 30. Fig. 3b shows the eight left flanks of a toothing, which were fully ground by the inventive method. Altogether eight sanding strokes 1S to 8S have been carried out. These grinding strokes 1S to 8S are drawn with lines of different appearance in order to better identify the respective grinding stroke on a tooth flank. The number of grinding strokes per workpiece corresponds to the number of teeth. The feed path 40 per workpiece revolution corresponds to the normal feed multiplied by the number of teeth of the workpiece, which in this case corresponds to Z x (0.2 to 1 mm). Due to the number of teeth-dependent feed, the micrographs resemble on the individual flanks of FIG. 3b. After Z engagement lines in the direction of the tooth flank, the grinding pattern is repeated, which is characterized by the markings 50 and 60. claims
    1. A method for generating grinding of a workpiece with teeth, wherein a grinding worm is moved parallel to the workpiece axis and / or tangential in the width direction vershiftet, characterized in that a feed movement of the grinding worm is moved in a direction parallel to the workpiece axis, depending on the number of turns of Grinding screw and the number of teeth of the workpiece is controlled, wherein a feed rate of the feed movement is determined parallel to the workpiece axis so that each grinding stroke is completed only one tooth gap at a time.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed speed is controlled parallel to the workpiece axis as a function of the transmission ratio of the number of turns of the grinding worm to workpiece teeth number.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the machining of the workpiece is carried out in several grinding strokes.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during the roughing operation, a lower feed rate is selected than in the finishing operation.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the feed rate during the roughing operation in the range of 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, in particular in the range of 0.2 mm to 1 mm, per workpiece revolution.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grinding worm has a topological correction over the grinding width for the finishing operation.
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it results in a workpiece with teeth, which has a front toothing or a helical toothing.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by means of the grinding worm on at least one tooth flank of the workpiece in wenigstem a profile region of the tooth flank a periodic edge modification, in particular flank waviness, is generated.
    [9]
    9. gear cutting machine for carrying out the method for generating grinding of a workpiece with teeth according to one of claims 1 to 8, which axes of rotation for driving a grinding worm or a tool table and a drive unit for moving the grinding worm tangentially to the workpiece and a further drive unit for moving the grinding worm parallel to a workpiece axis, characterized in that the gear cutting machine additionally comprises means which allow a control of the feed movement in dependence of the number of turns of the grinding worm and the number of teeth of the workpiece, in particular a corresponding transmission ratio.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CH707100A2|2014-04-15|
    DE102012019492A1|2014-04-10|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE3704607A1|1987-02-13|1988-08-25|Liebherr Verzahntech Gmbh|METHOD FOR MACHINING GEARS|
    DE3707607A1|1987-03-10|1988-09-22|Hubert Hauke|Reversible drive|
    DE19911235B4|1999-03-15|2007-08-16|Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh|Process for machining the flanks of substantially cylindrical, but breitballig modified gears in the continuous diagonal rolling process|
    DE10208531B4|2002-02-27|2009-06-04|Reishauer Ag|Method for modifying flank lines and / or for correcting flank line deviations of a gear|
    US8840444B2|2008-11-25|2014-09-23|Gleason-Pfauter Maschinenfabrik Gmbh|Method for machining the flanks of substantially cylindrical gearing having modified crowning, in a diagonal rolling method|DE102015000974A1|2015-01-23|2016-07-28|Liebherr-Verzahntechnik Gmbh|Method and device for gear processing a workpiece by a diagonal rolling process|
    法律状态:
    2015-03-31| PCAR| Change of the address of the representative|Free format text: NEW ADDRESS: EIGERSTRASSE 2 POSTFACH, 3000 BERN 14 (CH) |
    2020-09-30| PFA| Name/firm changed|Owner name: LIEBHERR-VERZAHNTECHNIK GMBH, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: LIEBHERR-VERZAHNTECHNIK GMBH, DE |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE201210019492|DE102012019492A1|2012-10-04|2012-10-04|Method for roll grinding of work piece, involves driving feed motion of grinding tool in axial direction to work piece, which is controlled depending on number of gears of worm grinding wheel and number of teeth of work piece|
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