• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a marine diesel engine operated with heavy oil, with an SCR catalytic converter (13) which uses ammonia as a reducing agent, wherein a nozzle (15) is positioned in front of the SCR catalytic converter (13) in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, with which at a defined pressure and a defined temperature, an aqueous urea solution to water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia is decomposable so that via the nozzle (15) with the same evaporated ammonia can be introduced into the exhaust gas.
    公开号:CH707085B1
    申请号:CH01714/13
    申请日:2013-10-08
    公开日:2018-05-31
    发明作者:Schlüter Stephan；Toshev Plamen
    申请人:Man Diesel & Turbo Se；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to an exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a marine diesel engine operated with heavy oil, according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a method for exhaust aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine, in particular a marine diesel engine powered by heavy oil. leaving the exhaust gas according to the preamble of claim. 7
    When operated with heavy fuel internal combustion engines is the peculiarity that the fuel used, al-so the heavy oil, has a high sulfur content. Sulfur oxides can react with other constituents of the exhaust gas and lead to deposits, which impair the effectiveness of the exhaust gas purification. This is a disadvantage. There is a need for an exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine, which also enables efficient operation of exhaust gas purification in internal combustion engines operated with heavy oil.
    From DE 10 2004 027 593 A1 an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas turbocharging and an exhaust gas purification is known. The exhaust turbocharger is designed either as a single-stage or as a two-stage turbocharger with an exhaust gas turbocharger or with two exhaust gas turbochargers. The exhaust gas purification system comprises an SCR catalytic converter, which in the single-stage exhaust gas turbocharger is positioned either downstream of the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger or upstream of the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger, viewed in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. In a two-stage exhaust gas turbocharger with a high pressure exhaust turbocharger and a low pressure exhaust gas turbocharger, the SCR catalyst is positioned between the high pressure turbine turbocharger high pressure turbine and the low pressure exhaust gas turbocharger low pressure turbine.
    An SCR catalyst of an exhaust aftertreatment system uses ammonia as a reducing agent. In exhaust gas aftertreatment systems known from the prior art, an aqueous urea solution is introduced into the exhaust gas upstream of the SCR catalyst, the aqueous urea solution in the exhaust gas stream being decomposed or vaporized to form water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia. For this purpose, between a nozzle, which introduces the aqueous urea solution into the exhaust gas and which is positioned in an exhaust line extending between the internal combustion engine and the SCR catalyst, and the SCR catalyst, which uses the ammonia as a reducing agent, a relatively long process path with a Evaporator and a hydrolysis catalyst required, whereby a relatively long design of the exhaust aftertreatment system is conditional. Such exhaust aftertreatment system is known from EP 0 487 886 B1.
    Furthermore, it is already known from EP 0 487 886 B1, not to position the process line with the evaporator and the Hy-drolysis catalyst in the exhaust pipe between the internal combustion engine and the SCR catalyst, but rather in a separate line. However, in this embodiment, however, a relatively long process path with an evaporator and a hydrolysis catalyst is required, which in turn causes a relatively long design of the exhaust aftertreatment system. Furthermore, in this case, a gas mixer is required in the exhaust pipe.
    On this basis, the invention is based on the object to provide a novel exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine and a method for exhaust aftertreatment.
    This object is achieved by an exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1.
    According to the invention, in the flow direction of the exhaust gas before the SCR catalyst, a nozzle is positioned, with which at a defined pressure and a defined temperature an aqueous urea solution to water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia can be decomposed in such a way that via the nozzle with the same evaporated ammonia can be introduced into the exhaust gas.
    The inventive method for exhaust aftertreatment is defined in claim 7.
    According to the invention, an aqueous urea solution is decomposed to water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia via a nozzle positioned upstream of the SCR catalyst in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, with ammonia vaporized via the nozzle being introduced into the exhaust gas via the nozzle.
    With the invention can be dispensed with a process line comprising an evaporator and a hydrolysis catalyst, so that a compact design for an exhaust aftertreatment system can be realized with an SCR catalyst. The decomposition of the aqueous urea solution into water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia vapor takes place directly with the aid of the nozzle. Neither an evaporator nor a hydrolysis catalyst or a gas mixer are required.
    Preferably with the nozzle, the decomposition of the aqueous urea solution to steam, carbon dioxide and ammonia vapor at a pressure between 10 bar and 200 bar and a temperature between 200 ° C and 400 ° C, in particular at a pressure between 10 bar and 100 bar and a temperature between 200 ° C and 300 ° C. The decomposition of the aqueous urea solution into water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia vapor under the above process conditions in the nozzle is particularly effective.
    Preferably, the nozzle is a flash evaporation nozzle, which is positioned as seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas immediacy before the SCR catalyst. This makes possible a particularly effective decomposition of the aqueous urea solution into water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia vapor with the guarantee of a particularly compact design of the exhaust aftertreatment system.
    Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description below. Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing without, however, being limited thereto. Showing:
    Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine.
    The present invention relates to an exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine, in particular for an engine operated with heavy oil internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for exhaust after-treatment on such an internal combustion engine.
    Fig. 1 shows a highly schematic of an internal combustion engine 10 with a plurality of cylinders 11, wherein exhaust gas 12, which leaves the internal combustion engine 10, is guided via an internal combustion engine 10 downstream exhaust aftertreatment system comprising at least one SCR catalyst 13. The exhaust gas 12 leaving the internal combustion engine 10 is thus supplied to the SCR catalytic converter 13 as unpurified exhaust gas 12 and leaves the SCR catalytic converter 13 as at least partially purified exhaust gas 14. In the SCR catalytic converter 13, a reducing agent is required for exhaust gas purification, ammonia being used as the reducing agent becomes.
    In the context of the present invention, the SCR catalyst 13, hen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas hen, preceded by a nozzle 15, in which an aqueous urea solution to water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia is decomposed such that vaporized through the nozzle 15 Ammonia is introduced into the exhaust gas, together with the water vapor and the carbon dioxide.
    According to the present invention, therefore, an aqueous urea solution is not introduced into the exhaust gas stream 12, which then has to be decomposed and vaporized in the exhaust gas stream 12, rather decomposition products or vaporization products of the aqueous urea solution, ie the water vapor, the carbon dioxide and the ammonia vapor, formed directly over the nozzle 15 and into the exhaust stream 12, which leaves the internal combustion engine 10, registered, so that can be dispensed with a separate process line with an evaporator and a hydrolysis catalyst.
    The urea solution, which is to decompose with the nozzle 15 and to evaporate, is kept in a Vorratsbehälter 17. The aqueous urea solution is heated to a defined process temperature via a flaring device 18, wherein a feed pump 13 provides the aqueous fl uid solution with a defined pressure of the nozzle 15.
    In the nozzle 15, the aqueous Flarnstofflösung is preferably decomposed at a pressure between 10bar and 200 bar and a temperature between 200 ° C and 400 ° C to water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia vapor.
    Preferably, the decomposition of the aqueous urea solution to steam, carbon dioxide and ammonia vapor takes place by means of the nozzle 15 at a pressure between 10 bar and 100 bar and a temperature between 200 ° C and 300 ° C.
    An advantage of the invention is that it can be dispensed with a long Prozesstrecke with an evaporator and a hydrolysis catalytic converter, so therefore a compact design of the exhaust aftertreatment system is possible. A further advantage is that there is no danger of crystals forming in the exhaust gas stream during the decomposition of the aqueous urea solution, which can then deposit in the SCR catalytic converter 13 and impair its effectiveness. Furthermore, can be dispensed with a gas mixer.
    As nozzle 15, each nozzle can be used, which can withstand the above-mentioned temperature ranges and pressure ranges. For example, as a nozzle 15, a conventional fuel injection nozzle of a common rail fuel injection systems can be used.
    Preferably, a flash evaporation nozzle is used as the nozzle 15, with the nozzle 15, the aqueous urea solution, the nozzle 15 can be supplied with the defined pressure and the defined temperature, via a flash evaporation to steam, carbon dioxide and ammonia vapor to decompose and enter into the exhaust.
    Particularly preferred is a flash vaporization nozzle, which has a nozzle swirl chamber, by means of which a centrifugal acceleration can be exerted in the decomposition to the aqueous solution of flores or the decomposition components water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia vapor. This then ensures effective distribution of the ammonia vapor in the exhaust gas.
    The nozzle 15 is seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas preferably positioned immediately in front of the SCR catalyst 13 to allow a more compact design of the exhaust aftertreatment system. This is in particular possible and advantageous if the nozzle 15 is formed as a flash evaporating nozzle with a nozzle swirl chamber.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a fuel oil-powered marine diesel engine, with an SCR catalyst (13), which uses ammonia as a reducing agent, characterized in that seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas in front of the SCR catalyst (13) Nozzle (15) is positioned, with which at a defined pressure and at a defined temperature, an aqueous urea solution to water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia is decomposable so that via the nozzle (15) with the same evaporated ammonia can be introduced into the exhaust gas.
    [2]
    An exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle (15) is configured to convert the aqueous urea solution to water vapor, carbon dioxide at a pressure between 5 bar and 200 bar and at a temperature between 100 ° C and 400 ° C and can decompose ammonia vapor.
    [3]
    3. exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that the nozzle (15) is configured so that the aqueous urea solution at a pressure between 10 bar and 100 bar and a temperature between 200 ° C and 300 ° C to water vapor, carbon dioxide and Ammonia vapor can decompose.
    [4]
    4. exhaust aftertreatment system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that with the nozzle (15) the aqueous urea solution, which is the nozzle (15) can be supplied with the defined pressure and the defined temperature, via a flash evaporation to water vapor, Carbon dioxide and ammonia vapor decomposable and can be entered into the exhaust gas.
    [5]
    5. exhaust aftertreatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that the nozzle (15) is designed as a flash evaporating nozzle with a nozzle swirl chamber.
    [6]
    6. exhaust aftertreatment system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the nozzle (15) seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas is positioned immediately before the SCR catalyst (13).
    [7]
    7. A method for exhaust aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine, in particular a marine diesel engine operated with heavy oil, leaving the exhaust gas, wherein the exhaust gas via an SCR catalyst, which uses ammonia as a reducing agent, is guided, characterized in that seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas before the SCR catalyst positioned nozzle is an aqueous urea solution to water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia decomposed so that is introduced via the nozzle (15) with the same evaporated ammonia in the exhaust gas.
    [8]
    8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that in the nozzle, the aqueous urea solution is decomposed at a pressure between 10 bar and 200 bar and a temperature between 200 ° C and 400 ° C to water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia vapor.
    [9]
    A method according to claim 8, characterized in that in the nozzle (15) the aqueous urea solution is decomposed to water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia vapor at a pressure between 10 bar and 100 bar and a temperature between 200 ° C and 300 ° C.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FI126684B|2017-03-31|
    CN103726909B|2018-03-06|
    CH707085A2|2014-04-15|
    KR101960551B1|2019-03-20|
    FI20136008A|2014-04-12|
    US8980208B2|2015-03-17|
    CN103726909A|2014-04-16|
    KR20140047001A|2014-04-21|
    DE102012019948A1|2014-04-17|
    US20140105798A1|2014-04-17|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    2017-09-29| PCAR| Change of the address of the representative|Free format text: NEW ADDRESS: BELLERIVESTRASSE 203 POSTFACH, 8034 ZUERICH (CH) |
    2018-11-30| PFA| Name/firm changed|Owner name: MAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS SE, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: MAN DIESEL AND TURBO SE, DE |
    2021-05-31| PL| Patent ceased|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102012019948.1A|DE102012019948A1|2012-10-11|2012-10-11|Exhaust after-treatment system and exhaust aftertreatment process|
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