• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method and a device for producing a rubber component, in particular a tread or a tire component, in which an intermediate mixture is processed in a homogenous mixer in a kneader (1) and then fed to an extrusion unit (2). This makes it possible to dispense with a rolling mill and the required preparation can be carried out in a single step.
    公开号:CH706568B1
    申请号:CH01663/13
    申请日:2012-04-24
    公开日:2016-04-15
    发明作者:Preick Dennis；Wieland Hoffmann；Pielsticker Bernd；Zelleroehr Michel
    申请人:Troester Gmbh & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for producing a rubber component according to claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for carrying out the method according to claim. 7
    In modern processes for the production of rubber compounds for tire manufacturing rolling mills are used in conjunction with internal mixers in which the mixture components rubber, filler, plasticizers and chemicals are entered manually or fully automatically. The operation of the internal mixer is discontinuous due to the closed mixing chamber. After ready mixing of a batch, it is ejected onto a rolling mill and the internal mixer is refilled for a new cycle.
    The mixture is homogenized on the rolling mill and cooled. Depending on the further processing, the forming on the roller mixture skins are removed as plates or cut into endless strips and fed to a fur cooling system. In this plant, the strips are finally cooled and treated for further storage with release agent.
    Especially in mixtures with high filler contents very high temperatures in the range of 140 to 170 ° C are achieved during the mixing process. These high temperatures do not allow the addition of crosslinking chemicals such as accelerators, peroxides and vulcanizing resins due to their temperature sensitivity. For these mixtures, a second mixing stage is followed on the rolling mill or in the internal mixer. In this, temperatures above 120 ° C are avoided.
    The two-stage process is used for mixtures with high filler contents, small amounts of plasticizer or highly active soot. The masterbatch, after molding, is stored for several hours and allowed to cool, before being fed again to the internal mixer in the final mixing stage together with the crosslinking chemicals.
    For homogenization and shaping of the hot mix rolling mills are used after the internal mixer. In practice, variants are already known in which extruders have taken over the function of the rolling mill.
    The internal mixer emptied into a shaft that can accommodate multiple batches. This mixing buffer allows the extruder to run continuously. The tasks of the extruder consist in the absorption, cooling and shaping of the mixture. Single-screw extruders and short twin-screw extruders are used.
    In tire manufacturing, a distinction is made in the further processing of the mixtures to the profile of the cold and the heat extrusion. In cold extrusion, the intermediate mixture is placed cold in the forming extruder. The Ausformextruder is usually a so-called cross-flow mixer. In the heat extrusion, the mixture must be homogenized and mixed again before forming due to high natural rubber content, and then transferred continuously in a heat in the so-called heat extruder. For this purpose, u.a. Porkchop extruders, which continuously preheat the intermediately stored mixture and transfer to one or more successive rolling mills. The mixture is remixed and transferred via a buffer with subsequent transfer belt to the heat extruder.
    Furthermore, DE 4 014 408 C1 describes the processing in a closed working space in which a rotating and oscillating movement is used. Such a single-screw conveyor machine, also referred to as a co-kneader, performs a synchronous reciprocating movement in the axial direction per revolution. The kneading blades on the auger shaft work together with fixed kneading teeth or pins in the kneader housing. This shears the raw material components between the kneading blades and the kneading teeth. Due to the working principle, a good mixing effect results through optimal distribution of the starting materials.
    Disadvantageous prove in the mixing of rolling mills the large space requirement, the high investment costs and staff costs.
    The invention has for its object to simplify the production of rubber components, in particular of tire components substantially.
    This object is achieved according to the invention by a method according to the features of claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate mixture is processed in a homogenous temperature kneader and then fed to the extrusion unit. As a result, a rolling mill required according to the prior art can be dispensed with in a surprisingly simple manner in that the kneader carries out the required preparation in a single work step. It has been shown that both the desired homogenization and the thorough mixing of the already existing mixture can be realized in an efficient manner in the kneader, contrary to the prejudices prevailing in the art. For the purposes of the present invention, the term mixture is intended to include a treatment for the targeted optimization of the property profiles both with and without the admixture of additives, such as, for example, fillers or additives.
    The mixing section could be used to increase the pressure to pass the mixture with a relative pressure to the extrusion unit. In contrast, it is particularly advantageous if the mixture is transferred after a pressure equalization with respect to the atmosphere of the kneader to the extrusion unit by the handover of the kneader is open to the extrusion unit. In this way, volatile components can escape, so that an impairment of the molding process is avoided. The pressure compensation can take place both in the region of the mixing section and in a transfer area.
    In another, also particularly promising modification of the mass flow rate in the kneader is kept substantially constant by the axial position and / or the angular position of a screw conveyor of the kneader are detected and the rotational speed is adjusted accordingly, ie cyclically in one revolution the auger varies. Thus, the mass flow rate or the exiting volume flow is kept constant in order to compensate for or counteract the pulsation caused by the screw conveyor. In this way, a constant throughput can be achieved without an additional material buffer.
    Furthermore, the inventive object is still achieved with a device for producing a rubber component, in particular a truck tread, with a mixing section for an intermediate mixture and with a particular designed as Austragsextruder extrusion unit in that the mixing section a kneader with a rotationally movable and having oscillating drivable screw conveyor. As a result, a homogeneous mixing of the temperature is achieved, which makes a customary in the prior art extruder as well as a downstream of the extruder mill dispensable. In this way, both the space required and the control effort as well as the manufacturing costs and the staff can be reduced.
    In this case, the kneader according to the invention can be connected in an open process chain by means of per se known conveying means with the extrusion unit. In contrast, it is particularly advantageous if the kneader is connected to the extrusion unit to form a structural unit in order to realize particularly compact dimensions and to further reduce the control effort.
    A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is also achieved in that the mixing section has the kneader and a downstream in the conveying direction arranged volumetric pump for pressure stabilization, so, regardless of the possible pressure increase by the kneader, a constant pressure at the transfer ensure the mixture to the extrusion unit.
    As it turns out to be particularly practical when the kneader has a feed roller, in particular in the feed area of the screw conveyor, which allows a continuous feed, in particular in the supply of the mixture in the form of skins. This can be driven by a drive common to the kneader.
    Furthermore, alternatively, it is possible to supply the mixture in the kneader in granulated form. Here it is possible to add even powdered additives already in the feeder.
    For this purpose, an embodiment of the kneader, in which the catchment area has a shaping acting as a pull-in curve for deflecting the supplied component in the direction of the axis of rotation of its screw conveyor, so as to achieve an optimized supply of the mixture is preferably also suitable. The mixing flow is thus already impressed by the pull-in curve a movement component with a direction of action parallel to the auger axis.
    If, according to a further embodiment of the invention in the catchment area between the screw conveyor and the cylinder wall, a gap with a gap width greater than 10% of the thickness of the feeding strip, in particular between 10% and 80%, preferably 50% to 60% of the thickness of the feeding strip is pronounced, a further improvement of the intake behavior is achieved. For this purpose, the gap may be tapering in the direction of rotation of the screw conveyor or pass into the intake curve.
    This movement of the feed roller can be carried out according to a further, particularly useful embodiment according to the oscillating movement of the kneader parallel to the longitudinal axis of the kneader, so that the feed roller, the movement of the screw conveyor, in particular by means of a common drive is moved. An undesirable accumulation of material in the end regions of the feed roller due to the oscillating movement of the kneader can be counteracted so effectively.
    Another, also particularly useful modification is achieved in that the kneader has a certain section for increasing the pressure, which is free from engaging in the kneading blades shear pins, so as to achieve a controlled pressure build-up in this section. On a downstream pump can be omitted and the manufacturing cost can be further reduced.
    For this purpose, it has already proven to be particularly expedient if the section with the screw conveyor rotatably and axially movably connected. By a corresponding axial bearing the transmission of the oscillating screw conveyor motion is avoided on this section. By the storage of this section as a single degree of freedom allows a rotational movement, a transmission of the linear movement of the screw conveyor is avoided on the connected thereto only rotatably connected by a sliding guide portion. An additional drive for the section can therefore be dispensed with.
    In another, likewise particularly practical modification, the kneader and / or a transfer region connecting the kneader with the extrusion unit has a plurality of degassing openings. This ensures a defined degassing, by which the volatile constituents can be fed to a targeted after-treatment.
    Furthermore, it is particularly useful if the kneader has a supply for a heat transfer fluid, so as to achieve a temperature compensation within the mixture. In particular, this liquid can be supplied to influence the mixing temperature in the desired manner on their evaporation.
    Another way to control the temperature is realized in that the screw conveyor at least partially encloses a cavity which is connected to recesses on the circumference of the screw conveyor and the supply of a heat transfer fluid is used. For example, by feeding the screw conveyor through the cavity into the hollow kneading blades, the temperature can be effectively adjusted to the mixture without the direct action of a fluid.
    In another advantageous modification, the kneader has a drive shaft, which is guided axially through a hollow shaft of a transmission of the extrusion unit, so as to secure by the design of the device as a piggyback unit advantageous space conditions and accordingly to reduce the space requirement.
    Preferably, the kneader can be assigned in the axial direction of the screw a lateral feed for other components, so as to be able to perform the mixture, if necessary, other components. In this case, the feed is not limited to fluids, but is also suitable, for example, for powdered rubber, so that optionally can be dispensed with an internal mixer.
    Further, according to a preferred variant, the mixing section following the kneader in the process direction on a variable-temperature section, in which the mixture is formed into a tube with variably adjustable wall thickness and then slit and folded. The fact that the tube is slotted for degassing the air in the core and opened to the rubber skin, the entrapped by the axial movement of the kneader shaft in the core of each solid profile at least for production start air entrapment with unfolded tube to the atmosphere.
    A further inventive embodiment of the device is realized in that the screw conveyor has webs at least in a catchment area, which have different pitch angles with respect to a cross-sectional plane to the axis of rotation over the circumference of the screw conveyor. In particular, the pitch angle is dimensioned such that due to a substantially stationary rotational movement of the screw conveyor in conjunction with an oscillating movement of the screw conveyor in the axial direction, a particularly constant material feed can be achieved. Independently of the production of a rubber component, such an embodiment has already proven to be very particularly promising in a device for mixing an existing component without supplying a further component and also in mixtures of various components supplied.
    The invention allows for various embodiments. To further clarify its basic principle, one of them is shown in the drawing and will be described below. This shows in<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> the procedure according to the prior art;<Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> is a schematic representation of a method according to the invention;<Tb> FIG. 3 <SEP> a variant of the inventive method also in a schematic representation;<Tb> FIG. 4 <SEP> a kneader intended for producing a rubber component in a partially sectioned plan view;<Tb> FIG. 5 <SEP> the kneader shown in Figure 4 in a perspective view.<Tb> FIG. 6 <SEP> an embodiment of a screw conveyor with webs of different pitch in a side view;<Tb> FIG. 7 <SEP> the axial position of a web of the screw conveyor as a function of its angular position in a diagram.
    Fig. 1 shows schematically a process known in the prior art process in tire production for further processing of the mixtures to the profile by heat extrusion. In the heat extrusion, the mixture must be homogenized and mixed again before forming due to high natural rubber content, and then transferred continuously in a heat in the so-called heat extruder. For this purpose, a so-called Porkchop extruder 11 is used, which continuously preheats the intermediately stored mixture and transfers it to one or more rolling mills 12, 13 connected in series. The mixture is remixed and transferred via a buffer with subsequent transfer belt to an extrusion unit 2 designed as a heat extruder.
    Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the process according to the invention in a first variant, in which the intermediate mixture is processed in a kneader 1 temperature homogeneous and then the extrusion unit 2 is supplied. As can be seen, can be dispensed with a rolling mill, because the kneader 1 performs the required preparation in a single step. The supply of the mixture to the extrusion unit 2 takes place by means of a known conveyor belt 3, so as to achieve a pressure equalization of the mixture with respect to the atmosphere at the same time.
    In contrast, can be dispensed with such a conveyor belt, when the kneader 1 is connected according to a variant shown in Fig. 3 with the extrusion unit 2 that the processed, emerging from the kneader 1 mixture is fed directly to the extrusion unit 2 by the outlet of the kneader 1 is flanged to the extrusion unit 2 and the kneader 1 is connected to the extrusion unit 2 to form a structural unit. Here, the mixture is transferred to the extrusion unit 2 with an overpressure.
    In addition, Fig. 4 shows a specific for the preparation of a rubber component kneader 1 in a partially sectioned plan view, which is connected to a arranged in the conveying direction behind this volumetric pump 4 for pressure stabilization. With the aid of the pump 4, regardless of the possible pressure increase, a constant pressure is ensured by the kneader 1 during the transfer of the mixture to the extrusion unit 2 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
    FIG. 5 shows a modification of the kneader 1 shown in FIG. 4, in which the kneader 1 has a feed roller 5 arranged in the feed region of the feed screw. As a result, a continuous supply is achieved in particular in the supply of the mixture in the form of skins. Alternatively, the mixture can be fed to the kneader 1 in granulated form in order to add even powdered additives already in the feed. The feed roller 5 can be driven by a common with the kneader 1 drive 6 movable. By acting in the feed area as a retraction curve formation 7 for deflecting the supplied component in the direction of the axis of rotation of the auger also an optimized supply of 'mixture is achieved and the mixture flow imparted a movement component with a direction of action parallel to the auger axis.
    In Fig. 6 a special embodiment of a screw conveyor 8 is shown in a side view, in which at least some of the webs 9 seen over the circumference have peripheral regions 10, 11 with a large pitch α and β small slope. Each of these webs 9 has, with respect to its main plane, which at the same time corresponds to the average pitch γ, a wave-shaped course, so that the pitch α, β of a web 9 in the peripheral area 10 is greater and in the peripheral areas 11 smaller than the mean pitch γ is. The transition between the peripheral regions 10, 11 is continuous and follows a substantially sinusoidal course.
    In Fig. 7, the movement of a web 9 of the screw 8 shown in Fig. 6 is shown by a diagram, wherein the abscissa on the angular position Ω for a full rotation of the screw conveyor 8 and on the ordinate, the axial displacement S of the screw conveyor 8 is applied. The curve I corresponds to the axial displacement of the entire screw conveyor, starting from the zero position. As can be seen, the auger 8 shifts in a first direction during the first half of a auger circulation and in the opposite direction in the second half of the auger circulation. In order to avoid that the mixture transported by the screw conveyor 8 follows this cyclically reversing movement, the webs 9 have the curve II shown in FIG. 6. Thus, the pitch β in the peripheral region 11 of the zero position is initially very small, while the pitch α already at a rotational angle of about 60 ° in the peripheral region 10 has a significant slope and close to half the angle of rotation maximum, while the slope in the further course of the rotation angle decreases. The superimposed rotational movement of the screw conveyor 8 in conjunction with the translationally reversing movement of the screw conveyor 8 leads to a constant displacement or advancing movement of the mixture due to the above-described different pitch of the webs 9, as is illustrated by the curve III.
    权利要求:
    Claims (35)
    [1]
    Anspruch [en] A process for producing a rubber component, in particular a tread, in which an intermediate mixture is mixed in one process step and subsequently fed to an extrusion unit (2), in particular as a discharge extruder, characterized in that the interposed mixture in a kneader (1) is supplied with a Conveyor screw processed homogeneous in temperature and then the extrusion unit (2) is supplied.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture is passed to the extrusion unit (2) after a pressure equalization with respect to the atmosphere of the kneader (1).
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture is passed with an overpressure to the extrusion unit (2).
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass flow rate in the kneader (1) is kept substantially constant by the axial position and / or the angular position of the screw conveyor of the kneader (1) detected or calculated and the rotational speed of Conveyor screw is adjusted accordingly.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass flow rate in the kneader (1) is kept substantially constant by the housing and / or the screw conveyor of the kneader (1) are driven to oscillate in the axial direction of the screw conveyor.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass flow rate in the kneader (1) is kept substantially constant by the mass enclosing the housing volume is changed at the outlet of the kneader (1) via a mold element.
    [7]
    7. A device for producing a rubber component according to the method of claim 1, in particular a tread, with a mixing section for an intermediately stored mixture and in particular designed as a discharge extruder extrusion unit (2), characterized in that the mixing section a kneader (1) with a screw conveyor has, which is rotationally movable and oscillating in the axial direction of the screw driven executed.
    [8]
    8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the kneader (1) with the extrusion unit (2) is connected to form a structural unit.
    [9]
    9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the mixing section of the kneader (1) and in the conveying direction behind the kneader (1) arranged volumetric pump (4) for pressure stabilization.
    [10]
    10. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the kneader (1) has a feed roller arranged in particular in the feed area of the feed roller (5).
    [11]
    11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the catchment area has a pull-in curve acting as a formation (7) for deflecting the supplied component in the direction of the axis of rotation of the screw conveyor.
    [12]
    12. Device according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that in the catchment area between the screw conveyor and the cylindrical housing wall to improve the Einzugsverhaltens a gap is pronounced, wherein the width of the gap more than 10% of the thickness of a feeding strip of the intermediate mixture, in particular between 10% and 80%, preferably 50% to 60% of the thickness of the feeding strip.
    [13]
    13. The apparatus of claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the feed roller according to the oscillating movement of the kneader (1) parallel to the longitudinal axis of the kneader (1) is movable.
    [14]
    14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the feed roller (5) adjustable in speed to the screw auger and or is adjustable.
    [15]
    15. Device according to one of claims 7 to 14, characterized in that the kneader (1) has a section intended to increase the pressure, which is free from engaging in the auger shanks shear pins.
    [16]
    16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the section with the screw conveyor rotatably and axially movably connected and has a bearing, which counteracts the transmission of the oscillating screw conveyor movement on this section.
    [17]
    17. Device according to one of claims 7 to 16, characterized in that a device for feeding the kneader (1) comprises a combination of extrusion unit (2) and volumetric conveyor or a volumetric conveyor.
    [18]
    18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the device comprises a combination of a controllable conveying element and a passage in the weight-determining measuring device.
    [19]
    19. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the device for the feed has a control of the transfer pressure between the volumetric conveyor and the kneader (1).
    [20]
    20. Device according to one of claims 7 to 19, characterized in that the kneader (1) has a plurality of degassing openings.
    [21]
    21. Device according to one of claims 7 to 20, characterized in that the kneader (1) and the extrusion unit (2) are connected by a equipped with degassing transfer area.
    [22]
    22. Device according to one of claims 7 to 21, characterized in that the kneader (1) has a feed for a heat transfer fluid.
    [23]
    23. Device according to one of claims 7 to 22, characterized in that the screw conveyor at least partially encloses a cavity for the supply of a heat transfer fluid, which is connected to recesses in the Knetflügeln.
    [24]
    24. Device according to one of claims 7 to 23, characterized in that the drive of the screw conveyor is designed as a drive shaft, which is guided axially through a hollow shaft of a transmission of the extrusion unit.
    [25]
    25. Device according to one of claims 7 to 24, characterized in that the kneader (1) in the region of the axial extent of the screw conveyor has a lateral feed for other components.
    [26]
    26. Device according to one of claims 7 to 25, characterized in that the mixing section following the kneader (1) in the process direction has a variable-temperature section in which the mixture is formed into a tube with variably adjustable wall thickness and then slit and folded becomes.
    [27]
    27. Device according to one of claims 7 to 26, characterized in that the kneader (1) extruded in the process direction by a molding tool, which forms the mixture into a tube.
    [28]
    28. Device according to one of claims 7 to 27, characterized in that a mandrel is designed as an extension of the screw conveyor.
    [29]
    29. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that a tool is downstream of the forming tool, which serves to slit the tube for degassing the air in the core and to open the rubber skin.
    [30]
    30. Device according to one of claims 7 to 29, characterized in that the housing of the kneader (1) is designed to be driven to oscillate in the axial direction of the screw conveyor to keep the mass flow rate in the kneader (1) substantially constant.
    [31]
    31. Device according to one of claims 7 to 30, characterized in that the housing and the screw conveyor of the kneader (1) are designed to be driven in an oscillating manner in the axial direction of the screw conveyor to keep the mass flow rate in the kneader (1) substantially constant.
    [32]
    32. Device according to one of claims 7 to 31, characterized in that the mass flow rate in the kneader (1) is kept substantially constant by the mass enclosing the housing volume at the outlet of the kneader (1) is changed via a mold element.
    [33]
    33. Device according to one of claims 7 to 32, characterized in that the screw conveyor (8) at least in a catchment area webs (9), with respect to a cross-sectional plane to the rotation axis different pitch angle (α, β, γ) in different Peripheral regions (10, 11) or in different angular positions (Ω) of the screw conveyor (8).
    [34]
    34. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterized in that the pitch angle (α, β, γ) is dimensioned such that due to a substantially stationary rotational movement of the screw conveyor (8) in conjunction with an oscillating movement of the screw conveyor (8) in the axial direction in particular constant material feed is achieved.
    [35]
    35. Device according to one of claims 7 to 34, characterized in that it comprises a sensor which detects the axial position and / or the angular position of a screw conveyor of the kneader (1), and that it comprises an adjusting unit for adjusting the rotational speed of the screw conveyor ,
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102011002279A|DE102011002279A1|2011-04-27|2011-04-27|Method and device for producing a rubber component|
    PCT/DE2012/100114|WO2012146240A2|2011-04-27|2012-04-24|Method and device for producing a rubber component|
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