• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a pressure switching device (1) with a housing (2), with a pressure chamber (3), with a magnetic switch (7) and with a pressure-dependent actuator (5) acting on the magnetic switch for changing the switching state of the magnetic switch upon reaching a predetermined minimum pressure value. The pressure chamber can be connected to a working pressure source by means of a connection piece (21) and is limited by the actuator, which is dependent on an applied working pressure (p) and movable and pressure-tight. An applied pressure value corresponds to a corresponding travel of the actuator. The pressure switching device has a magnetic circuit (MK) of at least one permanently magnetized region and the magnetic switch. An actuating movement of the actuator causes a change in the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit, so that the magnetic switch changes its switching state upon reaching a predetermined magnetic field strength value corresponding to a corresponding travel. An electric coil (10) is arranged in the magnetic circuit, so that a proper change in the switching state of the magnetic switch can be tested by a flux change in the magnetic circuit (MK) caused by a superimposed electromagnetic coil field.
    公开号:CH706311B1
    申请号:CH00471/13
    申请日:2013-02-18
    公开日:2017-02-28
    发明作者:Pfister Sascha
    申请人:Siemens Schweiz Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a pressure switching device with a housing, with a pressure chamber, with a magnetic switch and with a force acting on the magnetic switch pressure-dependent actuator for changing the switching state of the magnetic switch upon reaching a predetermined minimum pressure value. The pressure chamber is connected by means of a connecting piece to a working pressure source and limited by the dependent of an applied working pressure, movable and pressure-tight executed actuator, wherein an applied pressure value corresponds to a corresponding travel of the actuator.
    In the German patent application DE 10 104 438 A1 discloses a safety shutdown is described, which has a double Sicherheitsabschaltfunktion, which is driven by different physical quantities. Through a connection flange and a membrane contained in this pressure-sensitive area is formed in which pressure forces are transmitted to a pressure pin. In the same axial direction as the pressure pin an anchor bolt is arranged, act on the generated in a coil electromagnetic fields. In an accident can now by energizing the coil via an upstream control unit, which is supplied with any signals, preferably temperature signals, a slide over the anchor bolt are released, whereby the particular multi-pole executed electrical contacts of the safety cut-off can be opened. Irrespective of this, the slide is released via the pressure pin even in the event of an impermissible overpressure. By releasing the slider, a switching operation force applied to the electrical contacts during normal operation is withdrawn.
    A pressure switch responds to changes in pressure of a gaseous or liquid medium of the working pressure source, e.g. in a pipeline. In this case, the mechanical action of the medium is often used on a membrane or on a piston, which or which actuates a switching element when the pressure increases. The position of the membrane or the piston remains unchanged at constant pressure. For safety reasons, typically a mechanically operated switching element, such as e.g. a micro-switch, used, which is contact-related and therefore also subject to wear.
    Alternatively, the use of non-wearing switching elements is known, such as e.g. inductive proximity switches, fork light barriers or magnetic switches. The latter change their switching state in the presence or absence of an external magnetic field. This group of switching elements includes e.g. a reed contact or a Hall sensor. The Hall sensor is in particular a digital Hall sensor, which converts the signal of an analog Hall sensor via a comparator into a digital signal. The digital signal can also be a potential-free electrical switching contact, which is closed or opened depending on the technical design in the presence of a sufficient magnetic field.
    To be able to interrupt "pressurized pipelines safely, a reliable detection of the pipeline pressure, that is, a reliable detection of a pressure drop below a predetermined minimum pressure value is required. The range of working pressure values is preferably in the one or two digit bar area, e.g. at 20 bar. The minimum pressure value is preferably set at one-half of the operating working pressure value, e.g. at 10 bar.
    By "safe" is meant here that the technical design of the components required for this purpose must satisfy relevant safety requirements. To comply with the currently highest safety category, compliance with the PL e in accordance with EN ISO 1349-1; SIL 3 according to EN 61508 or 62061 or SK4 in the older standard EN 954-1 for machines according to the latest Machinery Directive 2006/42 / EC required. In this case, components are required in which a diagnosis of the functionality is possible.
    To meet these safety requirements, the principle of diversified redundancy is currently used. This means that for reasons of redundancy, two pressure switching devices are to be used for pressure monitoring, so that in the event of failure of a pressure-switching device, a further pressure-switching device is available. On the other hand, the pressure switching devices must come from different manufacturers in order to avoid a simultaneous, systematic failure of both pressure switching devices. It is assumed that the probability of a double failure is very small if the design, construction, development and manufacture differ.
    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a pressure switching device with improved diagnostic capability.
    This object is solved by the subject matters of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are described in the dependent claims.
    According to the invention, the pressure switching device has a magnetic circuit of at least one permanently magnetized region and the magnetic switch. In this case, an adjusting movement of the actuator causes a change in the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit, so that the magnetic switch upon reaching a predetermined magnetic field strength value corresponding to a corresponding travel, is actuated. An electrical coil is disposed in the magnetic circuit so that a proper change in the switching state of the magnetic switch can be tested by a flux change in the magnetic circuit caused by a superimposed electromagnetic coil field.
    By "change of the switching state" is meant a change of the switching state and in particular a change of the switching state between two possible switching states. The two switching states can also be referred to as "1" or "0", as "on" or "off" or as "actuated" or "not actuated".
    Instead of the magnetic field strength value, alternatively, a magnetic flux density value can be predetermined. The physical quantity "magnetic flux density B" or "magnetic induction" via the magnetic permeability μ is linked to the physical quantity "magnetic field strength" according to the mathematical relationship B = μ ⋅ H.
    The essence of the invention is that now advantageously a reliable functional test of the magnetic switch of the pressure switching device is virtually possible under real conditions. In comparison, the remaining components, in particular a diaphragm or a piston as an actuator, designed durable and accordingly less prone to failure. It is independent of the applied working pressure, i. Regardless of whether the working pressure is above or below the specified minimum pressure value or whether the actuator is in the more or less pressureless or pressurized actuating position, a functional test of the magnetic switch is possible.
    This has the great advantage that can be dispensed with each other on a second pressure switching device and their safety-related interconnection.
    The advantage lies in the simple integration of an electrical coil and a magnetic circuit including the permanently magnetized area in a pressure switching device.
    The permanently biased area is in the simplest case, a permanent magnet, which is introduced with a suitable direction of magnetization in the magnetic circuit or in the parts of the magnetic field flux guide. The permanently biased region can also be an electromagnet which is introduced into the magnetic circuit and is switched on permanently at least during operation of the pressure-switching device.
    To diagnose the magnetic switch, the coil is driven in such a way that adjusts a magnetic field in the magnetic circuit in the region of the magnetic switch, which corresponds approximately to the magnetic field of each other actuating position of the actuator. In the simplest case, a constant direct current is impressed into the coil. If the magnetic switch then also changes its switching state, then there is a proper change of the switching state. Following in a second step, e.g. after 0.5 or 1 second, the coil is driven such that in the magnetic circuit in the region of the magnetic switch again sets a magnetic field, which corresponds approximately to the magnetic field of the previous setting position of the actuator. In the simplest case, the current excitation of the coil is again reduced or switched off. Then, the magnetic switch changes back to its previous switching state, ie in the switching state before testing, so there is again a proper change of the switching state. An improper change of the switching state is also present if it takes place too long a time, such as. only after 0.5 or 1 second. If both subsequent changes in the switching state of the magnetic switch have been carried out properly during the test, then the entire test of the magnetic switch is considered successful or passed.
    The magnetic circuit including the actuator may be designed so that the magnetic flux in the region of the magnetic switch increases with increasing adjusting movement of the actuator from the unpressurized setting position to the pressurized actuating position, respectively decreasing in a reverse actuating movement. Alternatively, the magnetic circuit including the actuator can also be configured such that the magnetic flux in the region of the magnetic switch decreases with increasing adjusting movement of the actuator from the unpressurized setting position to the pressurized setting position, respectively increases with a reverse positioning movement. This can e.g. be achieved by a suitable arrangement of the magnetic switch in the magnetic circuit. The actuator and possibly an adjacent plunger may be arranged in the magnetic circuit so that the magnetic flux to the magnetic switch is displaced towards or away from the magnetic switch.
    According to one embodiment, the electrical coil can be connected to a drive unit, which energizes the electric coil with a current such that the magnetic switch changes its current switching state, and wherein subsequently the drive unit, the current excitation goes back again, so that the magnetic switch back into the current switching state returns. For this purpose, the pressure switching device may have corresponding electrical connections for connecting such an external drive unit. The external drive unit can also be integrated in a control unit, which is connected to detect the switching state of the pressure switching device. Alternatively, the drive unit may be integrated in the pressure switch in the form of a small electronic circuit. The power supply may in this case be e.g. via the control unit for detecting the switching state of the pressure switching device.
    According to a further embodiment, the drive unit has an electrical output for outputting an error message. The drive unit then outputs an error message if the magnetic switch does not properly change its switching state during testing or does not properly return to the switching state before testing. The electrical output can e.g. be a potential-free electrical switching contact, which can be read via the control unit described above. Alternatively, the error message can be output as a digital signal or as a bus signal in the context of a bus connection of the pressure switching device or transmitted.
    According to a further embodiment, the drive unit is adapted to repeatedly, in particular cyclically, to test the proper change of the switching state of the magnetic switch, as e.g. every 30 minutes, every hour or once or several times a day.
    According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the magnetic circuit has an air gap which is variable in its gap length by means of an adjusting means. By changing the air gap, the magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit is changed. As a result, the magnetic field strength in the region of the magnetic switch changes. Since the magnetic switch upon reaching a predetermined magnetic field strength value corresponding to a corresponding travel, which in turn corresponds to an applied pressure value, thus setting the minimum pressure value for the pressure switching device is possible in a simple manner.
    The magnetic switch is preferably a Hall sensor, in particular a digital Hall sensor, or a reed contact.
    Finally, the actuator may be biased to adjust the working pressure range by means of a spring element.
    Such a pressure switching device is advantageous for particularly secure detection of a pressure drop below a predetermined minimum pressure value of the working pressure source used. It is particularly useful for detecting the pressure drop in a trained as a pipeline working pressure source.
    The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. Show<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> an embodiment of a pressure switching device according to the invention in the unpressurized state, and<Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in the pressurized state.
    Fig. 1 shows an example of a pressure switching device 1 according to the invention in the pressureless operating condition. A diaphragm is used as the actuator 5. Alternatively - not shown figuratively - also a piston or other suitable means can be used as actuator 5. The pressure switching device 1 and the majority of its components are - apart from an electric coil 10, a magnetic switch 7 and the components 12, 14 shown - preferably formed substantially rotationally symmetrical with respect to the dashed main axis.
    By the reference numeral 21, a connector is referred to as part of a housing 2 of the pressure switching device 1 for connection to a working pressure source. 22 is a housing cover and 23 denotes an external thread on the connector 21. Reference numeral 3 designates a pressure chamber 3, which is delimited here by a pressure-dependent, movable and pressure-tight actuator 5, in the form of a diaphragm, wherein an applied pressure value corresponds to a corresponding travel of the actuator 5. By the reference numeral 4, the interior of the housing 2 is referred to, the pressure-moderately separated from the pressure chamber 3 and is substantially free of pressure.
    In the present example, the diaphragm 5 abuts against a plunger 11, so that the adjusting movement of the diaphragm 5 is also transmitted to the plunger 11 in the event of pressure changes in the direction of actuation. The plunger 11 is further biased by means of a spring element 8 for adjusting the working pressure range. In the event that the residual stress of the curved membrane 5 shown should be sufficient, can also be dispensed with the spring element. The spring element 8 is received in a spring cage 15 made of a preferably non-magnetic material.
    In the illustrated pressureless state of the working pressure source, ie in a state in which the pressure p of the working pressure source has a pressure value that does not reach the predetermined or preset minimum pressure value of the pressure switching device 1 by far, the actuator 5 is in the left position ,
    According to the invention, the pressure switching device 1 comprises a magnetic circuit MK from at least one permanently biased area 9 and the magnetic switch 7. The permanently biased area 9 in the present example is a permanently housed in the housing 2 permanent magnet. M denotes an associated magnetization direction. The magnetic circuit MK in the present example also comprises the actuator 5, which is here a diaphragm or pressure plate of a magnetic material, such as e.g. made of a magnetic steel. The magnetic circuit MK further comprises the adjacent plunger 11, which is also made of a magnetic material.
    Between the permanent magnet 9 and the plunger 11, a gap SP is formed, which is then increasingly closed with the adjusting movement of the actuator 5. This adjusting movement causes according to the invention, a change in the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit MK, so that the magnetic switch 7 changes its switching state upon reaching a predetermined magnetic field strength value corresponding to a corresponding travel. In the present example, the magnetic switch 7 is a digital Hall sensor, which is aligned so that it can detect a magnetic flux change and can output an exceeding or falling below a predetermined magnetic field strength value in the form of an electrical signal.
    In Fig. 1, the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit MK is shown as a loop with small dots, starting from the north pole (right side of the permanent magnet 9) via an adjustable air gap LS, further via an adjusting screw 13 as adjusting, via a Plate 12, a bolt 14, further on the housing part 21, via the diaphragm 5 and the adjacent plunger 11 and finally via the gap SP back to the south pole of the permanent magnet 9 (left side) runs. The mentioned physical components are all made of a magnetic material. Due to the high magnetic resistance in particular of the gap SP, the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit MK comparatively small flux density values, symbolized by the small registered points.
    According to the invention, an electrical coil 10 is arranged in the magnetic circuit MK, so that a proper change in the switching state of the magnetic switch 7 can be tested by a flux change in the magnetic circuit MK, which is caused by a superimposed electromagnetic coil field. In the present example, a part of the magnetic plate 12 is guided by the cylindrically shaped coil 10. The coil 10 has a soft-magnetic magnetic core for amplifying the electromagnetic coil field. In addition, the magnetic switch 7 is arranged on the plate 12 in the interior of the coil 10, so that the magnetic switch 7 can detect the magnetic field strength originating from the permanent magnet 9, guided over the magnetic circuit MK magnetic field and the superimposed electromagnetic coil field. It should be noted that the magnetic switch 7 may also be disposed at another position of the magnetic circuit MK, such as e.g. on the bolt 14.
    In order to be able to test the magnetic switch 7 on its functionality, the magnetic field prevailing in the region of the magnetic switch 7 is increased by applying a direct current with a suitable current direction so that the magnetic switch 7 changes its switching state. This switching state would then correspond to the pressurized state according to FIG. 2. Changes after withdrawal of the current excitation of the magnetic switch 7 back to the previous switching state, the diagnosis of the magnetic switch 7 is completed and its operability confirmed.
    Fig. 2 shows the inventive pressure switching device 1 in the event that the pressure p of the working pressure source has a pressure value which exceeds the predetermined or preset minimum pressure value of the pressure switching device 1.
    By the applied working pressure p acting on the actuator 5 actuating force S, which acts against the spring force F of the spring element 8 results. If the actuating force S is greater than the spring force F, then the actuator 5 and with it the plunger 11 are moved in the direction of actuation to the right. In this case, the gap SP between the plunger 11 and the permanent magnet 9 is closed. The consequent reduction of the magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit MK increases the magnetic flux. This is symbolized by the now large registered points. The increased magnetic field strength causes the field strength value detected by the magnetic switch 7 to exceed the predetermined minimum magnetic field strength value. The magnetic switch 7 now changes its switching state.
    In order to check the magnetic switch 7 on its functioning in this pressurized state, the coil 10 is now energized with a direct current of opposite current polarity, so that the magnetic field prevailing in the region of the magnetic switch 7 so degraded or compensated by a resulting electromagnetic field is that the magnetic switch 7 changes its switching state. This switching state would then correspond to the unpressurized state according to FIG. 1. If the magnetic switch 7 then returns to the previous switching state after the current excitation has been withdrawn, the diagnosis of the magnetic switch 7 has been completed and its functionality has been confirmed.
    As the two figures show, the length of the air gap LS is adjustable via a mechanical adjusting means 13 in the form of a set screw, symbolized by a double arrow. By a suitable tool, such as by a hexagon socket key, while the minimum pressure value for a switching operation of the pressure switch device 1 can be adjusted. By the reference numeral 16, a lock nut is called for rotation.
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    [0040]<Tb> 1 <September> Pressure switch means<Tb> 2 <September> Housing<Tb> 3 <September> Horn<tb> 4 <SEP> Interior, pressure-free space<tb> 5 <SEP> Actuator, diaphragm<tb> 6 <SEP> Sealant, O-ring<tb> 7 <SEP> Magnetic switch, reed relay, Hall sensor<tb> 8 <SEP> Spring element, cylinder spring, compression spring<tb> 9 <SEP> permanently pre-magnetized area, magnet<Tb> 10 <September> coil<Tb> 11 <September> ram<tb> 12 <SEP> plate, sheet iron<tb> 13 <SEP> Adjusting screw, adjusting means<tb> 14 <SEP> Screw, bolt<tb> 15 <SEP> Spring cage, bushing<tb> 16 <SEP> securing means, nut, lock nut<tb> 21 <SEP> Housing part, fitting<tb> 22 <SEP> Housing part, cover<Tb> 23 <September> external thread<tb> M <SEP> magnetization, magnetic moment<Tb> F <September> spring force<tb> P <SEP> Pressure, working pressure<Tb> S <September> force<Tb> SP <September> gap<tb> LS <SEP> adjustable air gap
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    1. pressure switching device with a housing (2), with a pressure chamber (3), a magnetic switch (7) and with a on the magnetic switch (7) acting pressure-dependent actuator (5) for changing the switching state of the magnetic switch (7) upon reaching a predetermined minimum pressure value,- wherein the pressure chamber (3) by means of a connecting piece (21) can be connected to a working pressure source and by the applied by an applied working pressure (p) dependent, movable and pressure-tight actuator (5) and wherein an applied pressure value to a corresponding travel of the actuator (5) corresponds- wherein the pressure switching device comprises a magnetic circuit (MK) of at least one permanently magnetized region (9) and the magnetic switch (7),- Wherein an actuating movement of the actuator (5) causes a change in the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit, so that the magnetic switch (7) upon reaching a predetermined magnetic field strength value corresponding to an applied pressure value, changes its switching state, and- Wherein an electrical coil (10) is arranged in the magnetic circuit (MK), so that a proper change in the switching state of the magnetic switch can be tested by a flux change in the magnetic circuit (MK), which is caused by a superimposed electromagnetic coil field.
    [2]
    2. Pressure switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical coil (10) can be connected to a drive unit, wherein the drive unit is adapted to energize the electric coil (10) with a current such that the magnetic switch (7) its current switching state changes, and wherein the drive unit is adapted to subsequently reduce the current excitation back so that the magnetic switch (7) returns to the current switching state.
    [3]
    3. Pressure switching device according to claim 2, characterized in that the drive unit has an electrical output for outputting an error message and that the drive unit outputs an error message if the magnetic switch (7) does not properly change its switching state during testing or not properly before in the switching state returns to testing.
    [4]
    4. Pressure switching device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the drive unit is adapted to repeatedly, in particular cyclically, to test the proper change of the switching state of the magnetic switch (7).
    [5]
    5. Pressure switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic circuit (MK) has an air gap (LS) which is variable in its gap length by means of an adjusting means (13).
    [6]
    6. Pressure switch device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic switch (7) is a reed contact or a Hall sensor.
    [7]
    7. Pressure-switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator (5) by means of a spring element (8) is prestressed.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102012205138B3|2013-03-07|
    CN103367029B|2016-02-03|
    KR101461367B1|2014-11-13|
    CH706311A2|2013-09-30|
    KR20130111397A|2013-10-10|
    CN103367029A|2013-10-23|
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    法律状态:
    2015-01-30| PUE| Assignment|Owner name: SIEMENS SCHWEIZ AG, CH Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, DE |
    2016-04-15| AZW| Rejection (application)|
    2016-04-29| AERF| Reactivation after erroneous deletion|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102012205138A|DE102012205138B3|2012-03-29|2012-03-29|Pressure switch device has housing, pressure chamber, magnetic switch and control element acting on magnetic switch in pressure-dependent manner, where control element is provided for changing switching state of magnetic switch|
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