• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a passive component for transmitting and manipulating electromagnetic signals having frequencies from 30 GHz to 100 THz, comprising a corrugated unit or a smooth-wall unit alone or an assembly of at least one corrugated unit or The outer shape of said at least one unit corresponds to the internal shape of the hollow guide rod, and said units or the entire assembly can be plated with metal to form the component. . The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such components comprising the construction of units or subunits by stacking successive layers of material using 3D printing, 3D microfabrication based on 2-photopolymerization photons, stereolithography, selective laser sintering (SLS), electron beam melting (EBM). The units or sub-units may optionally be subsequently plated with metal on a selection of surfaces or on all of them.
    公开号:CH706053B1
    申请号:CH01069/13
    申请日:2011-09-01
    公开日:2017-08-15
    发明作者:Macor Alessandro；Ansermet Jean-Philippe；de Rijk Emile
    申请人:Ecole Polytechnique Fed De Lausanne (Epfl)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description
    Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to a new approach for manufacturing passive components for transmitting electromagnetic waves with frequencies up to 100 THz to overcome traditional machining techniques.
    More specifically, the present invention relates to the manufacture of circular waveguides, rectangular or any suitable corrugated shape, corrugated up and down cones, corrugated horn antennas, corrugated cavities, corrugated mirrors, interference grids, phase controlled mirrors, directional coupling systems and, generally, components requiring internal waviness or periodicity. But the invention also relates to smooth walled passive components such as waveguides, rising and falling cones, horn antennas, cavities and mirrors and photonic band type structures.
    [0003] This novel approach also makes it possible to manufacture corrugated transmission line bends, traditional flag bends and innovative flag bends based on photonic band type structures.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART Due to their low absorption, low dispersion, efficient coupling and confinement of the waves, the corrugated components (FIG 1) adapted to the waves of the order of one millimeter , sub-millimeters, THz (MMW-THz) are crucial in signal transmission for experimental settings, while smooth-walled passive components may be advantageous for some tuning needs. The two categories of passive components (corrugated and smooth-walled) are crucial for the following applications: - physical applications such as fundamental nanostructure studies and experiments on quantum coherence and control, such as transmission lines used for additional plasma heating techniques in plasma reactors based on magnetic confinement (eg Tokamaks, Stellarators); - chemical studies on gas phase spectra and dynamics, membranes, Langumir-Blodget films (LB), selfassembled monolayers (SAMs), phononic modes of inorganic and organic crystals, electron spin resonance (ESR) nuclear magnetic resonance enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP-NMR), DNP-NMR dissolution techniques, high resolution electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), high resolution ferromagnetic resonance (FMR); - Medical THz imaging or spectroscopy where endoscopic techniques are needed to provide access to otherwise difficult-to-access environments; - terahertz detection and imaging for security applications such as explosive detection.
    [0005] Wave waveguides may also be a crucial element of an innovative method for drilling and fracturing subsurface formations and more particularly for a method and a system using a radiation energy of at least one embodiment. wave of the order of a millimeter. Drilling at depths greater than 7000 meters is indeed increasingly difficult and expensive if current rotary drilling methods are used.
    The wave region of the order of one millimeter, submillimeter and THz (MMW-THz) up to 100 THz in the electromagnetic spectrum is a frontier zone for research in physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and medicine.
    [0007] High quality radiation sources in this area are rare, but this gap has recently begun to be filled by a wide range of new technologies. Terahertz radiation is now available in both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed wave form. New sources have led to new scientific applications in many fields, thanks to the scientists' awareness of research advancement opportunities due to the use of MMW-THz waves.
    [0008] MMW-THz waves are located beyond the frequency range of traditional electronic systems while being within the range of optical systems. The fact that the THz frequency range lies in the transitional zone between photonics and electronics has resulted in unprecedented creativity in the development of source and transmission components.
    The existing barriers to perform experiments using the MMW-THz radiation are considerable because it is necessary not only to have a THz source, but also a chain of elements for transmission, manipulation and receiving the signals.
    Circular waveguides, rectangular or of any suitable corrugated shape, corrugated up and down cones, corrugated horn antennas, corrugated cavities, corrugated mirrors, interference grids, mirrors phase control systems, directional coupling systems and, in general, components requiring internal corrugation or periodicity, but also passive smooth-walled components such as waveguides, rising and falling cones, flag, cavities and mirrors and photonic band type structures are very difficult or impossible to manufacture as the frequency increases towards the THz range. In fact, for the ripple example, the period, the width and the ripple depth (FIG 1) depend on the wavelength λ. In waveguides, for example, the period must be less than λ / 2 (p <λ / 2) of the lowest possible matched frequency (for example, to transmit more than 1 THz, the period must be shorter than at λ / 2 = 0.15 mm), while the width (w, as the maximum width) and the depth (λ = λ / 4) can be used to adjust the bandwidth. Finally, in the case of a cylindrical component, the diameter must be greater than the wavelength (D "λ). The use of the corrugations implies very low transmission losses. The power losses are of the order of 0.05 dB per 100 m (about 0.01% per meter) for the frequency for which the ripple was designed and in any case much less than 0.5 dB per 100 m (about 0.12% per meter) for ten times the nominal frequency.
    Publications of the prior art include the following documents: US 4,408,208, WO 2004/032,278, WO 03/096,379, US 4,492,020, GB 1,586,585, JP 52,044,140, US 3,914. 861, US 3,845,422, WO 99/59222, JP 2004 282,294, US 3,011,085, WO 2008/073,605.
    For example, document US Pat. No. 4,408,208 relates to corrugated power supply terminals for circular polarized antennas comprising super high frequency and extra high frequency parabolic antennas operating in the range of 12-100 GHz. In this prior art, the feed horn is manufactured by dip-welding a plurality of lamination to provide alternate fins and grooves in an inner conical configuration. A rolling assembly is made using pins aligning in register stacked lamination. The brazed metal cables are added in a set of openings provided on the assembly. The assembly is then immersed in a molten salt solution heated above the melting point of the brazed metal cables but below the melting point of the lamination. Each brazed metal cable melts in the solution and climbs or rises the wick by capillary action along the interfaces provided between the lamination. The cables are thin enough that there is not enough material to climb into the grooves between the fins along the inner tapered surface of the horn. This way of raising the wick inwards from the outside thus makes it easier to avoid the accumulation of brazed material in the grooves. Finally, the outer surface of the assembly is then machined to form a conical periphery located below the base to form a flag.
    GB 1 586 585 discloses radio flags including radio flags whose internal shapes make it difficult to manufacture by machining from the initial solid, the flag being an elliptical flag antenna. According to GB 1 586 585, an elliptical radio horn consists of a stack of plates, each of which individually comprises an elliptical opening which defines the inner shape of the horn over the length thereof formed by the thickness of said individual plate, said plates being normally held together by nuts and bolts or nails therethrough. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0015] An object of the present invention is to improve known devices and methods.
    Another object of the present invention is to obtain corrugated components or smooth-walled components used in the field of transmission and manipulation of MMW-THz waves.
    The present invention makes it possible to manufacture passive components for electromagnetic waves of frequency up to 100 terahertz surpassing traditional machining techniques.
    The present invention is defined by the features of the independent claims. The dependent claims define particular embodiments of the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0019] The present invention will be better understood from a detailed description of several embodiments and from the following drawings: FIG. 1 illustrates the principle of the different possible corrugations for the hollow components of the present invention; figs. 2a-2b illustrate an example of basic corrugated units for forming a corrugated component manufactured by stacking subunits in a hollow guide pipe or a hollow guide rod; figs. 3a to 3c illustrate an exploded view of all the elements necessary for the formation of two circular waveguide waveguide segments according to the present invention, with a self-aligning connection system ensuring the continuity of the ripple at the level of the interface provided between two hollow guide pipes; figs. 4a and 4b illustrate an exploded view of all the elements necessary for the formation of a corrugated waveguide elbow; figs. 5a and 5b illustrate a sectional view and an image of a corrugated horn antenna, in which the cut corrugated horn antenna is connected to a circular waveguide waveguide; fig. 6a illustrates an example of waviness on a flat mirror. Such mirrors may also have any periodic pattern different from the presented waveform; figs. 6b and 6c illustrate the images of two corrugated mirrors, one of which is manufactured by conventional machining and the other is made by stacking successive layers of material as described in the present invention; fig. 7 illustrates an example of a smooth-walled roof antenna.
    The object of the present invention is therefore to provide circular waveguides, rectangular or any suitable corrugated shape, corrugated up and down cones, corrugated horn antennas, corrugated cavities, corrugated mirrors, interference grids, phase controlled mirrors, directional coupling systems, and generally components requiring internal waviness or periodicity. However, the present invention also relates to smooth walled passive components such as waveguides, rising and falling cones, horn antennas, cavities, mirrors, and photonic band type structures for transmitting and manipulating signals at a high frequency of up to 100 THz.
    [0021] This novel approach also makes it possible to manufacture corrugated waveguide elbows, traditional roof bends and innovative roof bends based on photonic band type structures.
    To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes to manufacture the waveguides from a passive component or a plurality of passive components formed by stacking successive layers of material to be used as such or possibly stacked on each other in a hollow guide rod. Depending on the material used for the passive components, metal plating may be necessary to maintain the necessary surface reflection properties. In the case of subunits stacked in a hollow guide rod, the outer edge of the subunits may be formed with endents or other equivalent means to reduce friction against the inner wall of the rod. hollow guide while providing alignment properties.
    Various techniques can be used to construct these corrugated or smooth-walled basic units in various materials. Here are some typical examples: - 3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing technology in which a three-dimensional object is created by superimposing successive layers of material. - The characteristic details of the order of the submillimeter can be obtained through a 3D microfabrication technique based on photopolymerization at 2 photons. In this approach, the desired 3D object is cut in a gel block by means of a focused laser. The gel is cured to form a solid only at locations where the laser has been focused, due to the non-linear nature of the photoexcitation, and the remaining gel is washed away. Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing process using a liquid UV hard-curing photopolymer "resin" tank and a UV laser to construct different parts of one layer at a time. On each layer, the laser beam traces a part-sectional pattern on the surface of the liquid resin. The UV light laser exposure hardens or solidifies the pattern drawn on the resin and fixes it to the layer underneath. - Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique employing a high power laser (eg, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small plastic particles, metal (DMLS, laser direct sintering of metals ), ceramic, or glass powders in a mass having a desired three-dimensional shape. The laser selectively fuses the powder material by scanning the cross sections generated from a 3D numerical description of the portion provided on the surface of a powder bed. - Electron beam fusion (EBM) is a type of additive manufacturing of metal parts. It is often classified in fast manufacturing processes. The technology manufactures parts by melting a layer of metal powder in a large vacuum after the other with the help of an electron beam. Unlike some metal sintering techniques, the parts are fully dense, void free and extremely strong.
    This new approach using the techniques mentioned above or equivalent techniques allows to build segments of passive components with the length only limited by the precision obtained in the manufacture of hollow guide rods, in the case of an assembly units. This means segments that can reach at least up to one meter for an inner diameter of the guide rod in the order of centimeters to millimeters.
    In the case of assembled units, self-aligning flanges specially designed for this purpose connect the different parts of the transmission line. They make it possible to use the approach proposed in the present invention without discontinuity, and also at the level of the junction provided between two passive component segments while avoiding the appearance of imperfections on the model or the shape of the internal wall ( Fig. 3).
    Since the flanges are attached to the hollow guide rod with series of screws, they act as a stop and are used to mechanically compress the stacked base units. When necessary, these flanges can be made of polyimide-based plastics or similar materials in order to achieve thermal insulation between two corrugated guide elements, according to the principle of the present invention.
    This innovative approach also facilitates and makes flexible the manufacture of traditional flag bends and innovative flag bends as shown for example in FIG. 4.
    The surfaces of the passive components obtained must be metal or plated metal with any metal suitable for the application. The veneer may be made using any suitable technique known in the art. This plating can be performed on independent units or units to assemble before or after assembly.
    In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a passive component for transmitting and manipulating electromagnetic signals having frequencies from 30 GHz to 100 THz, said component comprising a waved unit or a single-walled unit formed only by stacking successive layers of material or an assembly of at least one such corrugated unit or such a smooth-walled unit in a hollow guide rod, the outer shape of said one or more units corresponding to the inner shape of the guide rod hollow, said units or the entire assembly being plated with metal to form the component.
    In one embodiment, the assembly comprises a plurality of corrugated units or a plurality of smooth wall units.
    In one embodiment, the waving is periodic and can take any shape possible.
    In one embodiment, the rod is straight.
    In one embodiment, the rod is bent.
    In one embodiment, the units are made from synthetic materials that are metallized.
    In one embodiment, the component comprises at least a first flange connected to a first rod to be connected to a second flange connected to a second rod, said flanges cooperating together to connect said rods together without discontinuity at the level of the junction.
    In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a passive component having a corrugated or smooth-walled surface for transmitting and manipulating electromagnetic signals having frequencies ranging from 30 GHz to 100 THz. constructing units or subunits by stacking successive layers of material, said units being plated or the entire assembly being plated with metal to form the component.
    The stack of successive layers can be achieved using one of the following techniques: 3D printing, 3D microfabrication based on photopolymerization at 2 photons, stereolithography, selective laser sintering (SLS), electron beam fusion (EBM).
    These units or subunits may optionally be subsequently plated with metal on a selection of surfaces or on all of them.
    In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a photonic bandgap type structure called PBG in 1D, 2D or 3D manufactured using a method as mentioned above in which the surface is metallized. if necessary.
    FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a circular corrugated waveguide geometrical shape with a diameter, D, a period, p, a width, w and a depth, d with the reference 1 identifying a slot and the reference 2 identifying a peak. The inner region in which the electromagnetic signal propagates is metal or plated with metal according to the principles of the present invention.
    Figs. 2a and 2b illustrate a perspective view and a sectional view of corrugated base units 3 and a hollow guide rod 5 necessary for the formation of a circular corrugated waveguide segment.
    The rings 4, such as O-rings, can be used with threaded connectors for fixing the waveguide components. As an example, the O-rings can be used with threaded connectors to secure the waveguide components together, said rings being attached to the outer surface of the rods. They thus allow the connection (that is to say the coupling) of two rods with each other.
    Figs. 3a to 3c illustrate exploded views of all the elements necessary for the composition of two circular corrugated waveguide segments, in particular the two flanges and the basic corrugated module provided at the junction.
    The corrugated basic units 3 are as illustrated in FIGS. 2a / 2b and are introduced into the rods 5, for example hollow circular rods. The flanges 6 are designed to connect two waveguide segments. The flanges 6 serve in particular unit stop and house a corrugated module bearing the reference 7 and forming a specific corrugated unit for maintaining the continuity of the ripple at the junction of waveguide segments. Screws 8 are used to attach the flanges 6 to the rods 5 to determine the proper force to be applied to the stacked base stacked modules. Other equivalent means can of course be used to fix the flanges 6 to the rod 5.
    Typically, the flanges 6 of two rods to be interconnected interlock with one another to achieve an aligned junction between the rods. The specific corrugated unit 7 which allows the continuity of the corrugation to maintain the properties
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    the assembly of the rods is placed inside the two nested flanges 6. This unit can be made according to the techniques described in this application. Figs. 4a to 4d illustrate perspective and sectional views of all the elements necessary for the construction of a possible shape of corrugated waveguide elbow. The reference 10 identifies a hollow circular rod serving as a housing for the corrugated basic units 3. A specific corrugated module 7, manufactured for example by means of the technique described here, is used to maintain the continuity of the corrugation at level of the waveguide segment junctions between the rod 10 and the bent shell 12. This bent shell contains a specific corrugated module 11 for creating waveguide elbows without discontinuity in the corrugations. The flanges 6 designed to connect two straight waveguide segments and / or two waveguide elbows are used as previously described, said flanges acting as an annular abutment and housing a corrugated module described in the preceding figures. The shells 12 are fixed together for example by screws 13. FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate a possible form of corrugated horn antenna, only in FIG. 5a, or connected to a circular corrugated waveguide made by the subunit assembly into a hollow guide rod, as illustrated in FIG. 5b. The corrugated horn antenna 14 is characterized by an aperture size that can vary along its axis, but also possibly by a ripple pattern that can vary, even with some smooth-walled portions. It is connected to the circular waveguide assembly described above (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) exposed for example in FIGS. 3a to 3c. FIG. 6a illustrates an example of a geometric shape of corrugated or grooved mirrors, with a period, p, a width, w and a depth, d. The surface on which the electromagnetic wave is reflected is metal or plated with metal according to the principles of the present invention. Figs. 6b and 6c illustrate two corrugated mirrors, one of which is manufactured by traditional machining in aluminum 17 and the other by stacking successive layers of material 16 before being plated with gold according to a concept of the invention. The flat mirrors, curved or smooth wall of any model can be manufactured according to the concept of the invention. FIG. 7 illustrates a possible example of a smooth-walled horn antenna 18 with a variable size or shape of opening along the wave propagation axis. All the elements of the invention mentioned above can be made from any material as long as all the surfaces in contact with the region in which the electromagnetic waves are reflected and propagate are metallic or plated. metal with a sufficient thickness to allow them to be reflected, this thickness depending on the frequency propagated. For example, such materials may include any metals such as, but not limited to, aluminum, stainless steel, titanium, copper or brass, but various plastics or polymers may also be used such as, but not limited to PEEK, Vespel, Kel-F, epoxy plastics, glass fibers, polyester, Plexiglas, PTFE or any other ceramic or composite material. The invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein in the form of non-limiting examples and other embodiments may be contemplated within the spirit and scope of the present invention. The various embodiments described herein may be combined together at will depending on the circumstances and the desired product and equivalent means may be used without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. claims
    A passive component for transmitting and manipulating electromagnetic signals having frequencies from 30 GHz to 100 THz, said component comprising a corrugated unit or a smooth wall unit, or an assembly of at least one corrugated unit or unit with a smooth wall in a hollow guide rod, the outer shape of said unit or units corresponding to the internal shape of the hollow guide rod, said unit or units being plated or the whole assembly being plated with metal to form the component, said unit or units being formed by stacking successive layers of material.
    [2]
    The component of claim 1, wherein said assembly comprises a plurality of corrugated units or a plurality of smooth wall units.
    [3]
    3. Component according to claim 1, wherein the corrugated unit has a periodic corrugation.
    [4]
    4. Component according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said guide rod is straight.
    [5]
    5. Component according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said guide rod is bent.
    [6]
    The component of any preceding claim, wherein said units are made from synthetic materials.
    [7]
    7. Component according to any one of the preceding claims, said component comprising at least a first flange connected to a first guide rod to be connected to a second flange connected to a second guide rod, said flanges cooperating together to allow to connect said stems together without discontinuity at the junction.
    [8]
    A method of manufacturing a passive component for transmitting and manipulating electromagnetic signals having frequencies from 30 GHz to 100 THz by constructing corrugated or smooth-walled units, each unit being formed by stacking successive layers of material, or an assembly of at least one corrugated unit or a smooth walled unit in a hollow guide rod, the outer shape of said at least one unit corresponding to the internal shape of the hollow guide rod, said unit or units being plated (s) where the entire assembly is plated with metal to form the component.
    [9]
    9. The manufacturing method according to claim 8 wherein the plating is performed on part of the surfaces or all of them.
    [10]
    10. Manufacturing process according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the stack of successive layers of material is produced by 3D printing, by 3D microfabrication based on photopolymerization at 2 photons, by stereolithography, by selective laser sintering (SLS). ) or electron beam fusion (EBM).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US42129310P| true| 2010-12-09|2010-12-09|
    PCT/IB2011/053831|WO2012076994A1|2010-12-09|2011-09-01|Passive components for millimeter, submillimeter and terahertz electromagnetic waves made by piling up successive layers of material|
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