• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a multilayer surface heating system (1) for surfaces to be heated, in particular floors (7), of rail-bound transport means, with at least one carrier layer (2) and with at least one planar heating element arranged in the region of at least one section of the surface (7) to be heated (1a, 1b) with at least one applied heating layer (3a, 3b) which has a conductive heating lacquer which heats when an electrical voltage is applied and for electrical power supply with at least two mutually opposite edge regions of the at least one heating layer (3a, 3b ) arranged electrical contact means (4a, 4b) is contacted. Furthermore, the invention relates to a floor covering with the surface heating system according to the invention.
    公开号:CH705410B1
    申请号:CH01442/12
    申请日:2012-08-22
    公开日:2017-05-31
    发明作者:Barlian Marianne
    申请人:Elke Technik Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description: The invention relates to a multi-layer surface heating system for surfaces to be heated, in particular Fußbö-the, of rail-bound means of transport and a floor covering with the surface heating system according to the invention.
    In industrial and domestic heating systems are often used in areas where people are or in which a product or a component of a technical device to be heated. In the transport sector, equipment of means of transport with air conditioning and heating technology is already known. The means of transport mentioned here include, in particular, vehicles, ships and airplanes which are located in different traffic areas, such as airplanes. on roads, in the air, on water or on rails. For example, in the interior of such means of transport a frequent or numerically high entry and exit of passengers lead to a comparatively high change in the air temperature or the humidity, in particular by frequent opening and closing of the outer doors. In appropriate weather conditions, e.g. Rain, this effect can occur more intensively and it may come by the aforementioned entry and exit of passengers, especially in the area of the outer doors and possibly in the residence area of these means of transport to a relatively high level of snow, ice and / or water in the means of transport.
    It is known in rail-based means of transport, such as e.g. Long-distance and local trains, tramways, subways or suburban trains, in particular in areas of the means of transport in which passengers are present, to provide heating systems for the provision of comfortable conditions of carriage. In addition, with such heating systems, the introduction of moisture into the means of transport, e.g. Snow or rainwater, to be transported from a heated floor through vents to the outside. The heating systems are usually mounted in defined positions within a conveyance. In addition to heating systems that are mounted above the floor, heating systems can also be integrated in the floor. The previously known floor heating systems typically have heating channels in which a heated fluid flows, or else electrically operated heating wires which are anchored in the floor according to a fixed arrangement.
    The main disadvantages of the known heating systems in rail vehicles are limited to a spatially inhomogeneous heating behavior, with a local or temporal variation of the heating due to the fixed arrangement of the heating channels and possibly also due to a sluggish heating circuit are only partially possible. Another disadvantage arises from the fact that in such floor heating subsequently no holes or perforations in areas of the floor in which run heating channels or heating wires can be attached. A conversion of the passenger area in such a means of transport can be made considerably more difficult due to this fact.
    In DE 20 2010 009 208 U1 a flexible, flat heating element is described.
    The present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a multilayer surface heating system mentioned above, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular a homogeneous heating of flat areas in rail-bound conveyors with an optional local variation of the heating power allows, in particular also a local or punctiform perforation of Flächenheizsystems should remain without loss of heating function. Furthermore, it would be desirable to be able to realize a mounting in existing means of transport comparatively easy.
    This object is achieved by a multi-layer Flächenheizsystem for heated surfaces, in particular floor of rail transport, characterized in that it has a support layer with at least one arranged in the region of at least a portion of the surface to be heated planar heating element or heating field at least one heating layer applied to the at least one carrier layer is dissolved, the heating layer having a conductive heating lacquer which is heated when an electrical voltage is applied and contacted with at least two opposing edge regions of the at least one heating layer arranged electrical contact means for electrical power supply.
    By these measures, an advantageous thin-film heating in a Feldertechnik is created in which a heating varnish is applied in a defined amount on a surface to be heated. As a result, a homogeneous temperature distribution in the area to be heated is achieved. The area to be heated can be provided with any number of flat heating elements. As a heating element in the context of the present invention, an object is referred to, generated in the heat and can be discharged from the heat. The heating element has a planar shape at least prior to attachment to the surface to be heated. Perforations are possible in the surface heating system according to the invention in a predetermined number and size. Furthermore, weight can be saved by using the heating varnish because it has a low thickness, e.g. in the micrometer range. This is of particular importance for rail vehicles because of axle loads to be complied with. The heating lacquer also achieves water resistance and dielectric strength. With the surface heating system according to the invention, the same heating powers can be achieved as in the known heating systems.
    According to the invention it can be provided that at least one electrically insulating layer, in particular between the at least one carrier layer and the at least one heating layer of the at least one heating element, is present.
    If the carrier layer of Flächenheizsystems provides an electrically conductive surface, it should first be coated with an electrically insulating layer, in particular an insulating primer for electrical insulation. This may also be necessary if the surface to be heated or the cover layer provides an electrically conductive surface, in which case an electrically insulating layer should be provided between the heating layer of the heating element and the cover layer.
    The at least two electrical contact means, in particular conductor tracks of the at least one heating element can be arranged at a defined distance, in particular parallel to one another. Furthermore, the at least two electrical contact means and the heating lacquer of the at least one heating element can be directly or electrically connected to one another.
    In a very advantageous manner, the at least one carrier layer may have a particularly lightweight aluminum honeycomb material.
    Furthermore, a cover layer, in particular a floor covering, may be present.
    It is advantageous if at least a first heating element and at least one second heating element are present, which have different heating outputs.
    As a result, different heating powers can be realized in different areas of the means of transport. For example, a higher heating capacity may be desired in the entry area.
    In one embodiment of the invention, at least one first heating element and at least one second heating element may be present, the heating layers of which have mutually differing heating lacquers or Heizlackmaterialien, in particular with corresponding different electrical resistance values.
    As a result, different heat outputs can be realized with different heating elements.
    It is advantageous if at least one first heating element and at least one second heating element are present, which have different geometric shapes and / or sizes.
    By these measures can be heated surfaces with any geometric shapes and sizes. For example, the underfloor heating can be designed for the geometry of the driver's cab of the means of transport.
    There may be a plurality of heating elements, which are arranged side by side and / or in a common plane.
    The dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention. In the following, an exemplary embodiment of the invention will be described in principle with reference to the drawing.
    Show:
    Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the structure of an inventive multi-layer Flächenheizsystems; and
    Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a structure of an inventive multilayer surface heating system with a cover layer and an adhesive.
    Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a schematic structure of an inventive multi-layer Flächenheizsystems 1 in thin-film technology for surfaces to be heated, especially floors 7 (see Fig. 2), of rail-mounted means of transport (not shown).
    1 and 2 is a principle exploded view to show the individual layers or elements. Of course, these layers or elements are compactly assembled in actual use.
    The surface heating system 1 has a planar support layer 2, on which two flat panels or heating elements 1a, 1b are arranged in the region of at least a portion of the surface to be heated 7 in a common plane next to each other. The carrier layer 2 shown can in particular also represent a section of a higher-order component. As support layer 2 are rigid or flexible substrates with flat, round, oval or curved surfaces into consideration. The support layer 2 may be sandwich or lightweight panels of any materials, sheets, plates and molds of metal or plastic materials, rubber mats, wood panels, parquet, paper, e.g. Have wallpaper, screed, concrete, gutters or other floor coverings. In the case of rigid carrier materials, the heating elements 1a, 1b can be referred to as heating plates, and in the case of flexible carrier materials, as heating mats. In the present embodiment, the carrier layer 2 is formed of aluminum honeycomb material.
    The planar heating elements 1 a, 1 b each have a heating layer 3 a, 3 b applied to the carrier layer 2, which has a conductive heating varnish which heats up when an electrical voltage is applied and for electrical power supply with at least two edge regions lying opposite one another Heating layer 3a, 3b arranged arranged as electrical conductors 4a, 4b contact means is contacted.
    If the carrier layer 2 provides an electrically conductive surface, it must first be coated on its the heating elements 1 a, 1 b facing surface with an optional present as Isolierprimer electrically insulating layer 5 for electrical insulation. This may also be necessary for the surface 7 to be heated. For the insulating primer, it is possible in principle to use all types of insulating materials which are intended to be matched to the other materials used for the surface heating system 1 or to the surface, the heating lacquer and the contacting. The application of the Isolierprimers can be done for example by doctoring, rolling, brushing, screen printing or spraying.
    In principle, the area to be heated of the floor, here the surface 7 any number of such heating elements 1a, 1b, wherein generally such a heating element 1a, 1b may have almost any size and / or geometric shape, such as a rectangular , circular or a polygonal shape. In the present embodiment, the heating element 1a and the heating element 1b have different geometric shapes and / or sizes.
    By dividing into a plurality of heating elements 1a, 1b, it can also be achieved that the heating power is spatially different, i. E. in that at least one first heating element and at least one second heating element are present, which have mutually differing heating powers. In the present embodiment, the heating elements 1a and 1b each have different heating powers. For this purpose, their heating layers 3a, 3b each have different or divergent Heizlacke.
    Fig. 1 further shows the course of the tracks 4a, 4b, which in the present embodiment, parallel, at a defined distance from each other and which take over the power supply of the heating elements 1a, 1b of the surface heating system 1. In principle, the spacing of the conductor tracks 4a, 4b can vary from one another. A trace 4a, 4b may be formed by a copper or zinc conductive tape or other conductive liquid or solid materials. The application of the conductor tracks 4a, 4b is possible, for example, by means of doctoring, rolling, brushing, screen printing or spraying. As a power supply, a safety extra-low voltage is typically used in AC or DC operation, whereby voltages up to 230 V AC can be realized. The contacting of the tracks 4a, 4b should be realized by various types of connection techniques, for example, for protection IP67, with connectors or permanently connected lead, in which case the plasma welding, ultrasonic welding, laser welding, soldering, crimping or gluing represent possible contacting , The individual strip conductors 4a, 4b of a respective heating element 1a, 1b may have a different polarity. The further power supply of the tracks 4a, 4b is carried out in the usual manner and is not shown in detail in the figures.
    The interconnects 4a, 4b are electrically connected directly to the heating varnish of the heating layer 3a, 3b. It can be used heating coatings, which heat when an electrical voltage. As heating lacquer, for example, a conductive lacquer with carbon fibers or Kohlenstoffnanomaterialien be used. For further possible materials for heating coatings, reference is made to the initially mentioned DE 20 2010 009 208 U1. The heating lacquer is applied in a defined amount, for example by means of doctoring, rolling, brushing, screen printing or spraying. The electrical resistance of the heating varnish typically depends on the desired heating power of the heating elements 1 a and 1 b. The sequence of layers of the heating varnish and the printed conductors 4a, 4b can also be reversed if it is possible to make an electrical insulation of the surface heating system 1 to the outside.
    An advantage of the invention is the low weight of the inventive Flächenheizsystems 1 in thin-film technology. Furthermore, it is also conceivable to arrange the surface heating system 1 on an additional carrier, which can be placed on a surface to be heated and optionally mounted.
    Moreover, in the embodiment of the surface heating system 1 shown in Fig. 1, it is possible to heat the heating elements 1a, 1b e.g. with one or more recesses 6, in particular perforation, to cut through, even with such a recess 6, a heating function of the surface heating system 1 can continue to be guaranteed. However, the printed conductors 4a, 4b may not be cut through. An advantage of the invention results from a possible insertion of recesses 6, in particular even after the completion of such Flächenheizsystems, wherein the heating function can be maintained.
    In Fig. 2, a cover layer 7 is also shown as a section of the floor covering or floor. This cover layer 7 may be formed of different materials. The cover layer 7 may be sandwich or lightweight panels of any materials, sheets, plates and molds of metal or plastic materials, rubber mats, wood panels, parquet, paper, e.g. Have wallpaper, screed, concrete or other floor coverings.
    For applying the cover layer 7 may, in addition to mechanical connection options such as screws or the like, a dashed line in Fig. 2 indicated adhesive layer 8 are used, then optionally the properties of the adhesive with those of the electrically insulating layer 5, the cover layer 7 and to be tuned to the Heizlacks.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 surface heating system 1a, 1b heating elements 2 carrier layer 3a, 3b heating layer 4a, 4b interconnects 5 insulating layer 6 recess 7 top layer 8 adhesive layer. Patent claims
    1. Multilayer surface heating system (1) for surfaces to be heated, in particular floors (7), of rail-bound transport means, characterized in that it comprises at least one carrier layer (2) with at least one in the region of at least a portion of the surface to be heated planar heating element ( 1a, 1b) with at least one heating layer (3a, 3b) applied to the at least one carrier layer (2), wherein the heating layer (3a, 3b) has a conductive heating lacquer which heats up when an electrical voltage is applied and at least for electric power supply two adjoining edge regions of the at least one heating layer (3a, 3b) arranged electrical contact means (4a, 4b) is contacted.
    [2]
    2. Multilayer surface heating system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one electrically insulating layer (5), in particular between the at least one carrier layer (2) and the at least one heating layer (3a, 3b) of the at least one heating element (1a, 1b), is available.
    [3]
    3. Multilayer Flächenheizsystem according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least two electrical contact means, in particular conductor tracks (4a, 4b), of the at least one heating element (1a, 1b) at a distance, in particular parallel to each other, are arranged,
    [4]
    4. Multilayer Flächenheizsystem according to claim 1,2 or 3, characterized in that the at least two electrical contact means (4a, 4b) and the heating varnish of the at least one heating element (1 a, 1 b) are electrically connected directly to each other.
    [5]
    5. Multilayer surface heating system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one carrier layer (2) comprises an aluminum honeycomb material.
    [6]
    6. Multilayer Flächenheizsystem according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least a first heating element (1 a) and at least a second heating element (1 b) are present, which have different heating outputs.
    [7]
    7. Multilayer Flächenheizsystem according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least a first heating element (1a) and at least one second heating element (1b) are present, the heating layers (3a, 3b) have mutually differing heating coatings.
    [8]
    8. Multilayer surface heating system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one first heating element (1a) and at least one second heating element (1b) are present, which have different geometric shapes and / or sizes.
    [9]
    9. Multilayer Flächenheizsystem according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a plurality of heating elements (1a, 1b) are provided, which are arranged side by side and / or in a common plane.
    [10]
    10. Floor covering with a multilayer surface heating system according to one of claims 1 to 9.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CH705410A2|2013-02-28|
    DE202011104749U1|2011-11-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE102017106998A1|2017-03-31|2018-10-04|Airbus Operations Gmbh|Cabin lining element for an aircraft cabin and bulkhead for an aircraft fuselage structure|DE202010009208U1|2010-06-17|2010-09-16|Futurecarbon Gmbh|Flexible heating element|DE102013210333A1|2013-06-04|2014-12-04|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Vehicle, in particular rail vehicle|
    DE102013212831B4|2013-07-02|2021-09-30|Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft|Vehicle with surface heating|
    DE102014215207A1|2014-08-01|2016-02-04|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Vehicle, in particular rail vehicle, with an air conditioning device|
    DE102015110666A1|2015-07-02|2017-01-05|Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft|heater|
    法律状态:
    2020-01-31| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: ACTOSPHERE SARL, CH |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE202011104749U|DE202011104749U1|2011-08-23|2011-08-23|Multilayer surface heating system|
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