ultrasonic horn

专利摘要:
The present invention relates in one aspect to an ultrasonic horn including a proximal flange 210, a first cylindrical portion 220 having a first diameter and being distally positioned relative to the proximal flange, a second cylindrical portion (230) including a second diameter and a distal end, wherein the second cylindrical portion is in a position distally located with respect to the first cylindrical portion and wherein the second diameter is smaller than the first diameter, a portion tapered portion 242 disposed between the first cylindrical portion and the second cylindrical portion, and a cylindrical mass 260 arranged around the horn in a position located between the flange and the distal end of the second cylindrical portion. in another aspect, the ultrasonic system comprises a bell-shaped end, an ultrasonic horn as described above, a transducer portion disposed between the bell-shaped end and the ultrasonic horn, and an ultrasonic power source to provide an electrical signal for actuate the transducer portion.
公开号:BR112019010789A2
申请号:R112019010789
申请日:2017-11-21
公开日:2019-10-01
发明作者:Zhang Fajian
申请人:Ethicon Llc；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Descriptive Report of the Invention Patent for ULTRASONIC HORN.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates, in general, to ultrasonic surgical instruments and, more particularly, to ultrasonic transducers for driving ultrasonic waveguides. Ultrasonic instruments, including both hollow-core and solid-core instruments, are used for the safe and effective treatment of many medical conditions. Ultrasonic instruments, and particularly solid-core ultrasonic instruments, are advantageous as they can be used to cut and / or coagulate organic tissue with the use of energy in the form of mechanical vibrations transmitted to a surgical end actuator at ultrasonic frequencies. Ultrasonic vibrations, when transmitted to organic tissue at appropriate energy levels and using a suitable end actuator, can be used to cut, dissect, elevate or cauterize tissue or to separate muscle tissue from bone. Ultrasonic instruments using solid core technology are particularly advantageous due to the amount of ultrasonic energy that can be transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer, through a waveguide and to the surgical end actuator. Such instruments can be used for open procedures or minimally invasive procedures, such as laparoscopic or endoscopic procedures, in which the end actuator is passed through a trocar to reach the surgical site.
[0002] The activation or excitation of the end actuator (for example, cutting blade) of such instruments at ultrasonic frequencies induces longitudinal vibratory movement that generates heat located within the adjacent tissue. Due to the nature of
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2/61 ultrasonic instruments, a particular ultrasonically actuated end actuator can be designed to perform numerous functions, including, for example, cutting and coagulation. Ultrasonic vibration is induced in the surgical end actuator by electrically exciting a transducer, for example. The transducer can be constructed from one or more piezoelectric or magnetostrictive elements in the instrument's handpiece. The vibrations generated by the transducer are transmitted to the surgical end actuator through an ultrasonic waveguide that extends from the transducer to the surgical end actuator. The waveguide and end actuator are designed to resonate at the same frequency as the transducer. Therefore, when an end actuator is attached to a transducer, the overall system frequency is the same frequency as that of the transducer itself.
[0003] The amplitude of the longitudinal ultrasonic vibration at the tip, d, of the end actuator behaves like a simple sinusoid at the resonance frequency as given by:
d = A sen (cot) where:
ω = the frequency in radians that is equal to 2π times the cyclic frequency, f; and
A = the zero to peak amplitude.
[0004] The longitudinal deviation of the tip of the end actuator is defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude (p-t-p), which is only twice the amplitude of the sine wave or 2A. Often, the end actuator may comprise a blade that, due to longitudinal deviation, can cut and / or coagulate tissue. Patent document No. US 6,283,981, which was granted on September 4,
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3/61
2001 and is entitled METHOD OF BALANCING ASYMMETRIC ULTRASONIC SURGICAL BLADES; Patent document No. US 6,309,400, which was granted on October 30, 2001 and is entitled CURVED ULTRASONIC WAVEGUIDE HAVING A TRAPEZOIDAL CROSS SECTION; and US Patent Document No. 6,436,115, which was granted on August 20, 2002 and is entitled BALANCED ULTRASONIC BLADE INCLUDING A PLURALITY OF BALANCE ASYMMETRIES, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference, which reveal several ultrasonic surgical instruments.
[0005] It can be recognized that the effectiveness of an ultrasonic surgical instrument can be related, in part, to the amount of the longitudinal excursion of the end actuator tip. An ultrasonic surgical instrument that has an end actuator tip capable of a large longitudinal excursion can do more work during a surgical procedure. Consequently, it may be useful to design components of the ultrasonic surgical instrument to maximize the potential excursion of the end actuator tip. Also, due to the fact that there may be some error in the drive frequency produced by the Power Source used to power the transducer ultrasonic surgical instrument, it may still be useful to design components of the ultrasonic surgical instrument that can increase the device's tolerance to such errors frequency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0006] In a general aspect, several aspects refer to an ultrasonic surgical instrument that comprises a transducer configured to produce vibrations along a longitudinal geometric axis of a surgical tool at a predetermined frequency. In many ways, the surgical tool can
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4/61 include ultrasonic waves, extend along the longitudinal geometric axis and be coupled to the transducer. In many aspects, the surgical tool includes a body that has a proximal end and a distal end, where the distal end is movable in relation to the longitudinal geometric axis by the vibrations produced by the transducer and the proximal end is mechanically coupled to the transducer.
[0007] In a general aspect, an ultrasonic surgical instrument may comprise an ultrasonic horn comprising: a proximal flange; a first cylindrical portion that has a first diameter and is positioned distally with respect to the proximal flange; a second cylindrical portion comprising a second diameter and a distal end, where the second cylindrical portion is in a position located distally with respect to the first cylindrical portion and where the second diameter is smaller than the first diameter; the tapered portion is disposed between the first cylindrical portion and the second cylindrical portion; and a cylindrical mass arranged around the horn in a position located between the flange and the distal end of the second cylindrical portion.
[0008] In a general aspect, an ultrasonic system can comprise: a bell-shaped end; an ultrasonic horn, in which the ultrasonic horn comprises: a proximal flange; a first cylindrical portion that has a first diameter and is positioned distally with respect to the proximal flange; a second cylindrical portion comprising a second diameter and a distal end, where the second cylindrical portion is in a position located distally with respect to the first cylindrical portion and where the second diameter is smaller than the first diameter; the tapered portion is disposed between the first cylindrical portion and the second cylindrical portion; and a cylindrical mass
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5/61 arranged around the horn in a position located between the flange and the distal end of the second cylindrical portion; a transducer portion arranged between the bell-shaped end and the ultrasonic horn; and an ultrasonic energy source configured to provide an electrical signal that has a predetermined frequency component to act on the transducer portion.
FIGURES [0009] The features of various aspects are presented with particularity in the attached claims. The various aspects, however, with regard to both the organization and the methods of operation, together with objects and additional advantages of the same, can be better understood in reference to the description presented below, considered together with the attached drawings, as follows.
[0010] Figure 1 illustrates an aspect of an ultrasonic surgical instrument system.
[0011] Figures 2A to 2D illustrate aspects of an ultrasonic transducer.
[0012] Figures 3 to 7 illustrate aspects of an ultrasonic transducer shape and / or geometry effect on the amplitude of an axial displacement of portions of the ultrasonic transducer.
[0013] Figures 8 to 16 are graphs of the effect of components of aspects of an ultrasonic transducer horn on the phase, displacement and impedance of an ultrasonic transducer.
[0014] Figure 17 illustrates an aspect of an ultrasonic transducer horn 10.
[0015] Figure 18 is a graph of impedance vs. frequency as a function of the appearance of an ultrasonic transducer horn shown in Figure 17.
[0016] Figure 19 illustrates a second aspect of a system
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6/61 ultrasonic 10.
[0017] Figure 20 is a graph of frequency vs. impedance of an aspect of an ultrasonic transducer horn shown in Figure 19.
[0018] Figure 21 illustrates a third aspect of an ultrasonic transducer horn.
[0019] Figure 22 is a graph of impedance vs. frequency of the appearance of an ultrasonic transducer horn represented in Figure 21.
DESCRIPTION [0020] Before explaining several aspects in detail, it should be noted that such aspects are not limited, in terms of their applications or uses, to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the drawings and in the attached description. Illustrative aspects can be implemented or incorporated into other aspects, variations and modifications, and can be practiced or performed in several ways. For example, the surgical instruments described below are illustrative only and are not intended to limit their scope or application. In addition, unless otherwise indicated, the terms and expressions used in this document have been chosen for the purpose of describing illustrative aspects for the convenience of the reader and not to limit the scope of the same.
[0021] Certain exemplary aspects will now be described to provide a general understanding of the principles of structure, function, manufacture and use of the devices and methods described in this document. One or more examples of these aspects are illustrated in the attached drawings. Those skilled in the art will understand that the devices and methods specifically described in this document and illustrated in the attached drawings
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7/61 are exemplary aspects without limitation, and that the scope of the various aspects is defined only by the claims. The characteristics illustrated or described in relation to an exemplifying aspect can be combined with the characteristics of other aspects. These modifications and variations are intended to be included in the scope of the attached claims.
[0022] Several aspects described in this document refer, in general, to ultrasonic surgical instruments and blades for use with them. Examples of ultrasonic surgical instruments and blades are described in Patent documents No. 5,322,055; 5,954,736; 6,309,400; 6,278,218; 6,283,981; 6,325,811; and 8,319,400, in which the entire disclosures are incorporated by reference in this document.
[0023] The term phase margin (PM), as used here, is the difference in frequency between the antiresonant frequency (f _a ) and a resonant frequency (f _r ) of a piezoelectric transducer. In a non-limiting example, f _r can be determined as the frequency in a recess in an impedance graph vs. frequency of the piezoelectric transducer. Similarly, f _a can be determined as the frequency at a peak in an impedance graph vs. frequency of the piezoelectric transducer. Therefore, PM is equal _{to a} - f _r of the piezoelectric transducer.
[0024] The abbreviation OD for use in the present invention is the outside diameter of a component of the ultrasonic transducer. More specifically, OD can refer to the outside diameter of a ring or cylindrical mass associated with an ultrasonic horn on the ultrasonic transducer.
[0025] According to several aspects, an ultrasonic instrument that comprises a surgical tool that has an end actuator, such as a blade, can be of benefit
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8/61 specific, among others, in orthopedic procedures in which it is desirable to remove bone and / or cortical tissue at the same time as controlling bleeding. Due to its cutting and coagulation characteristics, a blade of an ultrasonic surgical instrument can be useful for cutting and coagulating general soft tissue. In certain circumstances, a blade, according to several aspects, can be useful to cut and cauterize the tissue simultaneously and hemostatically. A blade can be straight or curved, and useful for open or laparoscopic applications. A blade, according to several aspects, can be useful in spine surgery, especially to assist in posterior access in removing muscle from the bone.
[0026] Figure 1 illustrates an aspect of an ultrasonic system 10. An aspect of the ultrasonic system 10 comprises an ultrasonic signal generator 12 coupled to an ultrasonic transducer 14, a handpiece assembly 60 comprising a handpiece housing 16 and an end actuator 50. The ultrasonic transducer 14, which is known as a Langevin cell, generally includes a transduction portion 18, a first bell-shaped resonator or end 20, and a second resonator or bell-shaped front. bell 22, as well as auxiliary components. In several respects, the ultrasonic transducer 14 is preferably a whole number of system wavelengths in half (ηλ / 2) in length, as will be described in more detail below. An acoustic assembly 24 may include the ultrasonic transducer 14, an assembly 26, a speed transformer 28 and a surface 30.
[0027] It will be recognized that the terms proximal and distal are used in this document with reference to an arrest of the handpiece set 60 by a physician. Thus, the
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9/61 end 50 is distal to the most proximal handpiece set 60. It will also be recognized that, for the sake of convenience and clarity, spatial terms, such as top and bottom, are also used in this document in relation to prison of the handpiece set 60 by the physician. However, surgical instruments are used in many orientations and positions, and such terms are not intended to be limiting and absolute.
[0028] The distal end of the bell-shaped end 20 is connected to the proximal end of the transduction portion 18, and the proximal end of the bell-shaped front 22 is connected to the distal end of the transduction portion 18. The shaped front bell 22 and the bell-shaped end 20 have a length determined by several variables, including a thickness of the transduction portion 18, the density and the modulus of elasticity of the material used to manufacture the bell-shaped end 20 and the front bell-shaped 22, and the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic transducer 14. The bell-shaped front 22 can be tapered inward, from its proximal end to its distal end, to amplify the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration of the transformer. speed 28 or, alternatively, the bell-shaped front 22 may not have amplification.
[0029] Again with reference to Figure 1, the bell-shaped end 20 can include a threaded member extending from it that can be configured to be threadedly engaged with a threaded opening in the bell-shaped front 22 In several respects, piezoelectric elements, such as piezoelectric elements 32, for example, can be compressed between the bell-shaped end 20 and the bell-shaped front 22 when the bell-shaped end 20 and
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10/61 bell-shaped front 22 are mounted together. It can be recognized that adequate compaction of piezoelectric elements 32 between the bell-shaped front 22 and the bell-shaped end 20 can be useful in ensuring the quality of the mechanical coupling between the piezoelectric elements 32 and the bell-shaped front 22. A good mechanical coupling can optimize the transmission of the movement induced in the piezoelectric elements 32 by an electric field into the distal components of the ultrasonic system 10. In some aspects, adequate compaction can be obtained using a torque tool (such as a torque wrench) ) applied at the front in a bell shape 22 during the manufacture of the transduction portion 18. The piezoelectric elements 32 can be manufactured from any suitable material, such as, for example, lead zirconate titanate, lead meta-niobate, lead titanate and / or any suitable ceramic or piezoelectric crystal material, for example O.
[0030] In several aspects, as discussed in more detail below, transducer 14 may further comprise electrodes, such as positive electrodes 34 and negative electrodes 36, for example, which can be configured to create a voltage potential through one or more piezoelectric elements 32. Each of the positive electrodes 34, negative electrodes 36 and the piezoelectric elements 32 can comprise a hole extending through the center that can be configured to receive the threaded bell-shaped end 20. In several respects, the positive and negative electrodes 34 and 36 are electrically coupled to wires 38 and 40, respectively, where wires 38 and 40 can be enclosed within a cable 42 and electrically connected to the ultrasonic signal generator 12 of the ultrasonic system 10.
[0031] In several aspects, the ultrasonic transducer 14 of the
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11/61 acoustic set 24 converts the electrical signal from the ultrasonic signal generator 12 into mechanical energy that results primarily in a longitudinal vibratory movement of the ultrasonic transducer 24 and the end actuator 50 into ultrasonic frequencies. A suitable generator is available under model number GEN11, from Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc., of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. When the acoustic set 24 is energized, a stationary wave of vibrating motion is generated through the acoustic set 24. A suitable vibratory frequency range can be from about 20 Hz to 120 kHz and a suitable vibratory frequency range can be about 30 to 70 kHz and an exemplary operating vibration frequency can be approximately 50 kHz.
[0032] The amplitude of the vibratory movement at any point along the acoustic assembly 24 may depend on the location along the acoustic assembly 24 in which the vibratory movement is measured. A minimum or zero pass in the stationary wave of vibrating motion is generally called a knot (that is, where the movement is usually minimal), and a maximum or absolute peak in the standing wave is generally called an antino (ie, where movement is normally maximum). The distance between an antino and its nearest node is a quarter of a wavelength (λ / 4).
[0033] As noted above, wires 38 and 40 transmit an electrical signal from the ultrasonic signal generator 12 to the positive electrodes 34 and the negative electrodes 36. The piezoelectric elements 32 are energized by the electrical signal provided from the signal generator ultrasonic 12 in response to a foot switch 44, for example, to produce a stationary acoustic wave in the acoustic set 24. The electrical signal causes disturbances in the
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12/61 piezoelectric elements 32 in the form of small repeated displacements, which result in large compressive forces within the material. The small repeated displacements cause the piezoelectric elements 32 to expand and contract continuously along the geometric axis of the voltage gradient, producing longitudinal waves of ultrasonic energy.
[0034] In several respects, the ultrasonic energy produced by the transducer 14 can be transmitted through the acoustic set 24 to the end actuator 50 through an ultrasonic transmission waveguide 46. For the acoustic set 24 to distribute energy to the end actuator 50, the components of the acoustic assembly 24 are acoustically coupled to the end actuator 50. For example, the distal end of the ultrasonic transducer 14 may be acoustically coupled on the surface 30 to the proximal end of the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 46, by a threaded connection , such as a prisoner 48.
[0035] The components of the acoustic set 24 can be acoustically tuned so that the length of any set is an integral number of half the wavelengths (ηλ / 2), where the wavelength λ is the wavelength of a frequency of activation of the preselected functional longitudinal vibration fd of the acoustic set 24, and where n is any positive integer. It is also contemplated that the acoustic set 24 may incorporate any suitable arrangement of acoustic elements.
[0036] The ultrasonic end actuator 50 may have a length substantially equal to an integer multiple of the wavelengths of half the system (λ / 2). A distal end 52 of the ultrasonic end actuator 50 may be arranged at, or at least close to, an antinox, in order to provide
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13/61 the maximum, or at least almost maximum, longitudinal course of the distal end. When the transducer assembly is energized in several respects, the distal end 52 of the ultrasonic end actuator 50 can be configured to move in the range, for example, approximately 10 to 500 microns from peak to peak and, preferably, in range of approximately 30 to 150 microns at a predetermined vibrating frequency.
[0037] As defined above, the ultrasonic end actuator 50 may be coupled to the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 46. In several respects, the ultrasonic end actuator 50 and the ultrasonic transmission guide 46, as illustrated, are formed as a construction of a single unit from a material suitable for the transmission of ultrasonic energy, such as, for example, Ti6AI4V (a titanium alloy including aluminum and vanadium), aluminum, stainless steel and / or any other suitable material. Alternatively, the ultrasonic end actuator 50 may be separable (and have a different composition) from the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 46, and be coupled, for example, by a stud, solder, glue, quick connection or other suitable known methods. The ultrasonic transmission waveguide 46 may have a length substantially equal to a whole number of half wavelengths of the system (λ / 2), for example. The ultrasonic transmission waveguide 46 may preferably be manufactured from a solid core drive shaft constructed of material that efficiently propagates ultrasonic energy, such as titanium alloy (ie Ti6AI4V) or an aluminum alloy , for example.
[0038] In the aspect illustrated in Figure 1, the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 46 comprises a plurality of stabilizing silicone rings or compatible supports 56 positioned in,
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14/61 or at least close to a plurality of nodes. Silicone rings 56 can dampen unwanted vibration and isolate ultrasonic energy from a sheath 58 that at least partially surrounds waveguide 46, thereby ensuring the flow of ultrasonic energy in a longitudinal direction to the distal end 52 of the end actuator 50, with maximum efficiency.
[0039] As shown in Figure 1, sheath 58 can be attached to the distal end of handpiece assembly 60. Sheath 58 generally includes a nasal adapter or cone 62 and an elongated tubular member 64. Tubular member 64 it is attached to and / or extends from adapter 62 and has an opening that extends longitudinally therethrough. In various aspects, the sheath 58 can be threaded or fitted to the distal end of the housing 16. In at least one aspect, the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 46 extends through the opening of the tubular member 64 and the silicone rings 56 can enter in contact with the side walls of the opening and isolate the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 46 in it. In several respects, the adapter 62 of the sheath 58 is preferably constructed from Ultem®, for example, and the tubular member 64 is manufactured from stainless steel, for example. In at least one aspect, the ultrasonic transmission waveguide 46 may have polymeric material, for example, around it, in order to isolate it from external contact.
[0040] As described above, a voltage, or power supply, can be operationally coupled to one or more of the piezoelectric elements of a transducer, where a voltage potential applied to each of the piezoelectric elements can cause the piezoelectric elements expand and contract, or vibrate, in a longitudinal direction. As also described above, the voltage potential can be cyclical and, in many ways, the
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The voltage potential can be cyclical at a frequency that is equal to or almost equal to the resonance frequency of the component system comprising transducer 14, waveguide 46 and end actuator 50, for example. In several respects, however, certain piezoelectric elements within the transducer may contribute more to the standing wave of longitudinal vibrations than other piezoelectric elements within the transducer. More particularly, a longitudinal strain profile can develop within a transducer, where the strain profile can control, or limit, the longitudinal displacements that some of the piezoelectric elements can contribute to the standing wave of vibrations, especially when the system is vibrated at or is close to its resonant frequency.
[0041] As described above, a voltage, or power supply, can be operationally coupled to one or more of the piezoelectric elements of a transducer, where a voltage potential applied to each of the piezoelectric elements can cause the piezoelectric elements expand and contract, or vibrate, in a longitudinal direction. As also described above, the voltage potential can be cyclical and, in several respects, the voltage potential can be cyclical at a frequency that is equal to or almost equal to the resonance frequency of the component system comprising the transducer 14, the guide wave 46 and end actuator 50, for example. In several respects, however, certain piezoelectric elements within the transducer may contribute more to the standing wave of longitudinal vibrations than other piezoelectric elements within the transducer. More particularly, a longitudinal strain profile can develop within a transducer, where the strain profile can control, or limit, the longitudinal displacements that some
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16/61 of piezoelectric elements can contribute to the standing wave of vibrations, especially when the system is vibrated at or is close to its resonant frequency.
[0042] It can be recognized, with reference to the ultrasonic surgical instrument system 10 of Figure 1, that multiple components may be necessary to couple the mechanical vibrations originating from the piezoelectric elements 32 through the waveguide 46 to the end actuator 50. The elements additional components comprising the acoustic set 24 can add additional manufacturing costs, manufacturing steps and complexity to the system. As described below are aspects of an ultrasonic medical device that may require fewer components, manufacturing steps and costs than the equivalent device illustrated in Figure 1 and as described above.
[0043] Again, with reference to Figure 1, the piezoelectric elements 32 are configured in a Langevin cell, in which the piezoelectric elements 32 and their activation electrodes 34 and 36 (together, the transducer 14) are intercalated. The mechanical vibrations of the activated piezoelectric elements 32 propagate along the longitudinal geometric axis of the transducer 14, and are coupled through the acoustic assembly 24 to the end of the waveguide 46. Examples of piezoelectric elements 32 that can be used in the surgical instrument system ultrasonic 10 may include, but are not limited to, ceramic piezoelectric elements comprising, for example, lead zirconate titanate, lead meta-niobate or lead titanate.
[0044] The efficiency of the ultrasonic transducer 14 can be associated with maximizing the amount of power used to drive the piezoelectric elements 32 at a defined frequency and maximize the amount of physical displacement of the elements
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17/61 piezoelectric 32 for a given amount of power at the defined actuation frequency.
[0045] The power can be maximized by operating the piezoelectric elements 32 at a frequency at or close to a node or resonance frequency (f _r ) at which the impedance of the ultrasonic transducer 14 is at a minimum. A minimum amount of energy may be required to operate the piezoelectric elements 32 at a frequency at or near an anti-knot or anti-resonant frequency (f _a ) at which the impedance of the ultrasonic transducer 14 is at a maximum value. In some ultrasonic transducers, the phase margin (f _a - fr) may be very small in relation to the node resonant frequency, about 0.6%, for example. It can be recognized that some error or deviation can occur in the frequency of the signal obtained by an ultrasonic signal generator 12. This type of frequency error can result in the ultrasonic signal moving away from the resonance frequency (minimum impedance) and approaching the frequency anti-resonant (maximum impedance). Therefore, an optimized ultrasonic transducer 14 can be designed to have a maximum phase margin to minimize the possible effects of frequency error on the ultrasonic signal generator 12.
[0046] It is also recognized that the amplitude of piezoelectric induced ultrasonic vibrations can be amplified by the shape, geometry and material density of an ultrasonic transducer. Therefore, by changing the shape and / or geometry of an ultrasonic transducer, the transducer can be manufactured to maximize the displacement of an end actuator attached to it.
[0047] Below are examples of a bell-shaped or horn front of an ultrasonic transducer that can optimize impedance resources and maximize the displacement of the
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18/61 ultrasonic transducer.
[0048] Figure 2A illustrates a general aspect of an ultrasound transducer 14. As described above in relation to Figure 1, the ultrasound transducer 14 comprises a bell-shaped end 20, a bell-shaped front or a horn 22, and a transduction portion 18 between them. The transduction portion 18 can comprise one or more piezoelectric elements 32. The ultrasound transducer 14 can be mounted, for example, by placing the piezoelectric elements 32 on a portion of the threaded rod of the bell-shaped end 20 and threading the threaded rod portion of the bell-shaped end 20 in a corresponding threaded portion of the front bell-shaped or horn 22.
[0049] The bell or horn 22 front can comprise several components. A proximal flange 210 can be used to secure the piezoelectric elements 32. A first cylindrical portion 220 that has a first diameter and is positioned distally from the proximal flange 210. A second cylindrical portion 230 can have a second diameter and an end distal. The second cylindrical portion 230 may be located in a position located distal to the first cylindrical portion 210. In some non-limiting examples, the second diameter may be smaller than the first diameter. The bell or horn front 22 may also include a tapered portion 240 disposed between the first cylindrical portion 220 and the second cylindrical portion 230. In some non-limiting examples, the tapered portion 240 may include multiple tapered sections 242, 244. Each one of the multiple tapered sections 242, 244 may have a radius of curvature. In some non-limiting examples, the radii of curvature for each of the multiple tapered sections 242, 244 may be the same. In
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19/61 other non-limiting examples, the radius of curvature of one of the multiple tapered sections 242, 244 may differ from a radius of curvature of another tapered section. Although only two tapered sections 242, 244 are illustrated in Figure 2, it can be recognized that tapered portion 240 can include three, four or more individual tapered sections. In some non-limiting examples, the tapered portion may further comprise a flat support surface arranged in a position located between two successive tapered sections, for example, between a first tapered section 242 and a second tapered section 244.
[0050] In addition, the bell or horn front 22 may include a cylindrical mass 260 arranged around horn 22 in a position located between flange 210 and the distal end of the second cylindrical portion 230. The cylindrical mass 260 can assume the shape of a ring or cylinder. It can be understood that a ring shape can be a circular ring or a polyhedral ring with multiple flat or curved edges. In some non-limiting examples, cylindrical mass 260 can be arranged around the horn in the first cylindrical portion 220. For example, cylindrical mass 260 can be arranged around the horn 22 in a section distal from the first cylindrical portion 220. In another non-limiting example, cylindrical mass 260 can be arranged around horn 22 in the tapered portion 240. For a horn 22 comprising multiple tapered sections 242, 244, cylindrical mass 260 can be arranged in a position located between successive tapered sections, for example, between a first tapered section 242 and a second tapered section 244. In some non-limiting examples, cylindrical mass 260 can be arranged around horn 22 in the second cylindrical portion 230. For example, cylindrical mass 260 can be arranged around horn 22 in a proximal section of the second portion
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20/61 cylindrical 230. Although only a single cylindrical mass 260 is shown and illustrated above, for example, in Figure 2, it can be understood that any number of cylindrical masses, such as a second cylindrical mass, can be arranged around the horn 22 between the flange 210 and the distal end of the second cylindrical portion 230.
[0051] Figures 2B to 2D illustrate different examples of the horn, especially representing differences in the first tapered section 242a to 242c. Figure 2A illustrates various configurations of the first tapered section 242 represented as overlays. Figures 2B to 2D show separate illustrations of each of the configurations illustrated in Figure 2A.
[0052] As shown above, the shape / size and geometry of an ultrasonic horn can induce a gain in the displacement of an ultrasonic transducer as well as any end actuator attached to it. Figures 3 to 7 illustrate a variety of examples of ultrasonic horn superimposed on graphs representing simulations of axial displacement (magnitude and phase) of the components of the ultrasonic transducer to which they are attached. Table 1, below, shows descriptions of the examples of ultrasonic horn in addition to the simulation conditions and some exemplary results, as shown in Figures 3 to 7.
Table 1
Figure Number Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Ring configuration Without rings BigRing 2 Displacement ring 1 Displacement ring 1 Displacement ring 2 Ring Width (mm) - 2 2 2 2 Ring OD (mm) - 20 8 12 25
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Figure Number Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Distance fromDistai end ring (mm)18 7.6 7.6 30.4 PM (Hz) 336 704 454 477 384 Displacement [mm] 17.1 30.64 20.9 22.3 18.7 Impedance (ohm) 54.1 18.3 36 33.4 45.5 Vp-p (Volts) 27 27 27 27 27 CURRENT (mA) 175.8 517.5 258.8 285.6 209.8 POWER (W) 1.68 4.94 2.47 2.72 2.0 Factor Q _m 3,033 4,399 3,268 3,488 3,112 Resonance frequency (Hz) 50,678 48,656 50,510 49,694 50,618
[0053] As shown above, MP (phase margin) is defined as the frequency difference between antiresonant frequency (f _a ) and the resonance frequency (f _r ). The piezoelectric coupling factor (K _p ) for a piezoelectric disk expresses a coupling between an electric field parallel to the direction in which the ceramic element is polarized and mechanical effects that produce radial vibrations, in relation to the direction of polarization. As an approximation, K _p for a piezoelectric disk can be described by:
where f _a is the anti-resonant frequency and f _r is the resonant frequency. If the phase margin (PM = f _a - f _r ) is small in relation to the frequency
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22/61 antiresonant, then the second term in the radical becomes small in relation to the first term, and the relationship between the phase margin and the coupling factor can be expressed as:
PM «t, K ^ [0054] The displacement in Table 1 corresponds to the axial displacement at the end of the ultrasonic transducer. The impedance in Table 1 is that of the ultrasonic transducer when the simulations are performed on the resonance frequency, V _p - _p , and current, as indicated. The mechanical quality factor Q _m can be calculated from an impedance vs. frequency as:
_ fr ”2 & f where 2Af is the total width times the minimum impedance f _r value. Exemplary graphs of impedance vs. frequency are shown in Figures 17 to 19.
[0055] Figure 3 represents a physical representation of an ultrasonic transducer 500 superimposed on a displacement magnitude graph 300, showing the magnitude of the axial displacement of a portion of the ultrasonic transducer 500, and a displacement phase graph 400, showing the axial displacement phase of a portion of the ultrasonic transducer 500. The abscissa of the graph shown in Figure 3 (distance in mm from the tail 517 of the transducer) applies equally to the representation of the ultrasonic transducer 500, the displacement magnitude graph 300, and the displacement phase graph 400. The left ordinate of the graph has to do with the magnitude of the axial displacement in pm and the right ordinate of the graph refers to the phase of the axial displacement in
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23/61 degrees. The displacement magnitude graph 300 and displacement phase graph 400 were derived from simulations of the ultrasonic transducer geometry 500 having input parameters of Vp.p (27 V) and current (175.8 mA) at the resonance frequency of 50,678 Hz, as shown in Table 1.
[0056] The ultrasonic transducer 500 comprises a tail 517, a transduction portion 518 and an ultrasonic horn. For the purposes of the simulations represented in the displacement magnitude graph 300 and the displacement phase graph 400, a portion of test charge 550 is attached to the ultrasonic horn at the distal end 535 of the ultrasonic horn. Test load 550 can be used to simulate the effects on the waveguide and end actuator of the behavior of the ultrasonic transducer 500 during activation of the piezoelectric transducers. The transduction portion 518 may include one or more piezoelectric transducers for mechanically driving components attached thereto. The ultrasonic horn comprises a flange 510, a first cylindrical portion 520, a tapered portion 540 and a second cylindrical portion 530. The ultrasonic horn extends from the flange 510 to the distal end 535. The tapered portion 540 further comprises a first section tapered 542, a second tapered section 544, and a flat support surface 546 disposed between the first tapered section 542 and the second tapered section 544.
[0057] The ultrasonic horn represented in Figure 3 does not include rings or other cylindrical masses arranged around the horn, and can be taken as a baseline configuration against which alternative geometries for an ultrasonic horn can be functionally compared. In some respects, the ultrasonic horn shown in Figure 3 may include torque features 525 associated with the first cylindrical portion 520. Such features of
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24/61 torque 525 can be used to releasably engage a torque tool, such as a torque wrench, to allow the horn to be mounted together with the transduction portion 518 and tail 517. As shown above, the use of this type of torque tool during manufacture can induce compression of the transduction portion 518, thereby improving the mechanical coupling of the transduction portion 518 to the rest of the ultrasonic device. As will be evident as shown below, such 525 torque features may be included or incorporated into any one or more components of the ultrasonic horn, including, but not limited to, the flange 510, the first cylindrical portion 520, the second cylindrical portion 530 , and any other cylindrical rings or masses.
[0058] The displacement phase graph 400 shows the axial displacement phase along the length of the ultrasonic transducer 500 including the test load 550. The phase can have a positive value along the length of the transduction portion 518 including the flange 510 (from tail 517 to a position about 20 mm from tail 517) and along the length of a distal segment of the test load 550 (from about 82 mm from tail 517 to the distal end test load 550 by approximately 105 mm from tail 517). The phase can also have a negative value along the length of the ultrasonic horn (from the flange 510 by about 20 mm from the tail 517 to the distal end 535 of the ultrasonic horn) and also along at least a portion of the charge test 550 (from about 60 mm from tail 517 to a position at about 82 mm from tail 517). [0059] The displacement magnitude graph 300 shows the absolute value of the axial displacement amplitude along the length of the ultrasonic transducer 500 including the test load
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25/61
550. The displacement magnitude graph 300 represents an amount of mechanical gain in the magnitude of the axial displacement of the ultrasonic transducer 500 which may be due, in part, to the horn geometry. Thus, although the maximum displacement magnitude of transduction portion 518 may be about 2.5 pm, the maximum displacement magnitude in the second cylindrical portion 530 may be about 16 pm, and the maximum displacement magnitude 360 in the distal end of test load 550 can be about 17.1 pm. In this way, a gain in the magnitude of the axial displacement of about 6.8 from the transduction portion 518 to the end of the test load 550 can be realized.
[0060] Figures 4 to 7 show examples of alternative ultrasonic transducers and their simulated related graphs of axial displacement magnitude and axial displacement phase. Many of the alternative transducers comprise components identical to those shown above for the ultrasonic transducer 500 shown in Figure 3. Examples of such identical components may include, without limitation, the tail 517, the transduction portion 518, the first cylindrical portion 520, the second portion cylindrical 530, the tapered portion 540, the first tapered section 542, the second tapered section 544, the distal end 535 of the second tapered section, and the test load 550. To reduce the complexity of Figures 4 to 7, identical components are numbered with identical reference numbers. In addition, the components of the ultrasonic transducers shown in Figures 4 to 7 that are not otherwise characterized by reference numbers can be understood as referring to the components and reference numbers similarly represented in Figure 3.
[0061] Figure 4 represents a physical representation of a
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26/61 ultrasonic transducer 501 superimposed on a displacement magnitude graph 301, showing the magnitude of the axial displacement of a portion of the ultrasonic transducer 501, and a displacement phase graph (equivalent to the displacement phase graph 400 in Figure 3) , presenting the phase of axial displacement of a portion of the ultrasonic transducer 501. The abscissa of the graph shown in Figure 4 (distance in mm from the tail (517 of the transducer) applies equally to the representation of the ultrasonic transducer 501, of the magnitude graph of displacement 301 and the displacement phase graph The left ordinate of the graph has to do with the magnitude of the axial displacement in pm and the right ordinate of the graph refers to the phase of the axial displacement in degrees The displacement magnitude graph 301 and the displacement phase graph were derived from simulations of the geometry of the ultrasonic transducer 501 which has input parameters of V _{p. P} (27 V) and current (mA 517.5) at the resonant frequency of 48,656 Hz as shown in Table 1.
[0062] The 501 ultrasonic transducer comprises a tail, a transduction portion and an ultrasonic horn. The ultrasonic horn comprises a flange 510, a first cylindrical portion 520, a tapered portion and a second cylindrical portion. The tapered portion further comprises a first tapered section 542 and a second tapered section 544. The ultrasonic horn shown in Figure 4 includes torque resources 525 located at the distal end of the first cylindrical portion 520 (about 10 mm away from the flange 510) . Unlike similar functional features included in the ultrasonic transducer 500 (Figure 3), the torque features 525 in the ultrasonic transducer 501 are not incorporated into the body of the first cylindrical portion 520, but constitute an additional radially extended portion located in
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27/61 a distal end of the first cylindrical portion 520. Ultrasonic transducer 501 further comprises a ring or cylindrical mass 548 disposed between the first tapered section 542 and the second tapered section 544 (about 18 mm proximal to the distal end 535 of the second portion cylindrical). The cylindrical mass 548 has an outside diameter of about 27 mm and a width of about 2 mm.
[0063] The displacement phase graph (equivalent to displacement phase graph 400 in Figure 3) shows the axial displacement phase along the length of the ultrasonic transducer 501 including the test load. The phase can have a positive value along the length of the transduction portion including flange 510 (from the tail to a position about 20 mm from the tail) and along the length of a distal segment of the test load of about 82 mm from the tail to the distal end of the test load about 105 mm from the tail). The phase can also have a negative value along the length of the ultrasonic horn (from flange 510 to about 20 mm from the tail to the distal end 535 of the ultrasonic horn) and also along at least a portion of the test charge (from about 60 mm from the tail to a position about 82 mm from the tail).
[0064] The displacement magnitude graph 301 shows the absolute value of the axial displacement amplitude along the length of the ultrasonic transducer 501 including the test load. The displacement magnitude graph 301 represents an amount of mechanical gain in the magnitude of the axial displacement of the ultrasonic transducer 501 which may be due, in part, to the horn geometry. Thus, although the maximum displacement magnitude of the transduction portion can be about
7.5 pm, the maximum horn displacement magnitude in the second cylindrical portion 530 can be about 28 pm, and the magnitude of
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Maximum displacement 361 at the distal end of the test load can be about 30.6 pm. In this way, a gain in the magnitude of the axial displacement of about 4.1 from the transduction portion to the end of the test load can be realized. Although the displacement gain of the ultrasonic horn shown in Figure 4 is less than that of the ultrasonic horn represented in Figure 3, the maximum displacement magnitude 361 of the horn represented in Figure 4 (30.6 pm) is greater than the maximum displacement magnitude 360 of the horn represented in Figure 3 (17.1 pm) at about 14 pm (or by a factor of 82%). Therefore, it is evident that the addition of rings or cylindrical masses to the ultrasonic horn can be used to increase the displacement of an end actuator attached to the ultrasonic transducer.
[0065] The geometry of the ultrasonic transducer 501 shown in Figure 4 can result in an increased maximum displacement magnitude 361 over the ultrasonic transducer 500 shown in Figure 3. In addition, the entries in Table I show that the horn geometry represented in Figure 4 requires increased current and therefore energy used to operate the ultrasonic transducer 501 compared to the ultrasonic transducer 500. Specifically, the ultrasonic transducer 501 uses almost twice the power of the ultrasonic transducer 500. Without sticking to the theory, the increase in power to operate the ultrasonic transducer 501 may result from the additional current used by the ultrasonic transducer 501 due, in part, to the reduced impedance of the transduction portion 514.
[0066] Figure 5 represents a physical representation of a 502 ultrasonic transducer superimposed on a displacement magnitude graph 302, showing the magnitude of the displacement
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29/61 axial view of a portion of the ultrasonic transducer 502, and a displacement phase graph (equivalent to the displacement phase graph 400 of Figure 3), showing the axial displacement phase of a portion of the ultrasonic transducer 502. The abscissa of the The graph shown in Figure 5 (distance in mm from the transducer tail) also applies to the representation of the ultrasonic transducer 502, the displacement magnitude graph 302 and the displacement phase graph. The left ordinate of the graph has to do with the magnitude of the axial displacement in pm and the right ordinate of the graph refers to the phase of the axial displacement in degrees. The displacement magnitude graph 302 and the displacement phase graph were derived from simulations of the geometry of the ultrasonic transducer 502 that has V _p input parameters. _p (27 V) and current (258.8 mA) at the resonance frequency of 50,510 Hz, as shown in Table 1.
[0067] The 502 ultrasonic transducer comprises a tail, a transduction portion and an ultrasonic horn. The ultrasonic horn comprises a flange 510, a first cylindrical portion 520, a tapered portion 540 and a second cylindrical portion 530. The tapered portion 540 further comprises a first tapered section 542, a second tapered section 544 and a flat surface 546 between the same . The ultrasonic horn shown in Figure 5 includes torque resources 525 located at the distal end of the first cylindrical portion 520 (about 10 mm away from the flange 510). Unlike similar functional features included in the ultrasonic transducer 500 (Figure 3), the torque features 525 in the ultrasonic transducer 502 are not incorporated into the body of the first cylindrical portion 520, but constitute an additional radially extended portion located at a distal end of the first portion cylindrical 520. The horn
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Ultrasonic 30/61 shown in Figure 5 includes a ring or cylindrical mass 532 disposed in a distal portion of the second tapered section 544 and proximal to the second cylindrical portion 530 (in about
7.6 mm proximal to the distal end 535 of the second cylindrical portion). The cylindrical mass 532 has an outside diameter of about 8 mm and a width of about 2 mm.
[0068] The displacement phase graph shows the phase of the axial displacement along the length of the ultrasonic transducer 502 including the test load. The phase can have a positive value along the length of the transduction portion including flange 510 (from the tail to a position about 20 mm from the tail) and along the length of a distal segment of the test load of about 82 mm from the tail to the distal end of the test load about 105 mm from the tail). The phase can also have a negative value along the length of the ultrasonic horn (from flange 510 to about 20 mm from the tail to the distal end 535 of the ultrasonic horn) and also along at least a portion of the test charge (from about 60 mm from the tail to a position about 82 mm from the tail).
[0069] The displacement magnitude graph 302 shows the absolute value of the amplitude of the axial displacement along the length of the ultrasonic transducer 502 including the test load. The displacement magnitude graph 302 represents an amount of mechanical gain in the magnitude of the axial displacement of the ultrasonic transducer 502 which may be due, in part, to the horn geometry. Thus, although the maximum displacement magnitude of the transduction portion can be about
3.5 pm, the maximum displacement magnitude of the horn in the second cylindrical portion 530 can be about 19.5 pm, and the maximum displacement magnitude 362 at the distal end of the test load
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31/61 can be about 20.9 m. In this way, a gain in the magnitude of the axial displacement of about 6 from the transduction portion to the end of the test load can be realized. The displacement gain of the ultrasonic horn represented in Figure 5 is less than that of the ultrasonic horn represented in Figure 3, but it is significantly greater than the displacement gain of the ultrasonic horn represented in Figure 4. The maximum displacement magnitude 362 of the horn represented in Figure 5 (21 pm) is slightly larger than the maximum displacement magnitude 360 of the horn represented in Figure 3 (17.1 pm) at almost 4 pm (or by a factor of 23%). A comparison of the maximum displacement magnitude 362 for the horn shown in Figure 5 to the maximum displacement magnitude 361 for the horn shown in Figure 4 suggests that moving the cylindrical mass still along the length of the horn from the flange 510 and reducing the diameter outer diameter of the cylindrical mass can reduce the effect of the cylindrical mass on the maximum displacement.
[0070] Although the ultrasonic transducer geometry 502 shown in Figure 5 may result in a modest increase in maximum displacement magnitude 362 along the ultrasonic transducer 500 shown in Figure 3, the entries in Table I show that the horn geometry represented in Figure 5 also provides only a small increase in energy consumption over that of the ultrasonic transducer 500. Specifically, the ultrasonic transducer 502 requires less than 50% more energy compared to the ultrasonic transducer 500. In addition, the frequency of The resonance of the ultrasonic transducer 502 is displaced only about 0.3% (lower) than that of the ultrasonic transducer 500 (compared to a displacement of about 4% for the ultrasonic transducer 501). It can be useful to ensure that
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32/61 resonance frequency of an ultrasonic transducer does not deviate excessively from an operating frequency of the ultrasonic energy source if the energy source has an adjusted (and potentially fixed) operating frequency.
[0071] Figure 6 represents a physical representation of an ultrasonic transducer 503 superimposed on a displacement magnitude graph 303, showing the magnitude of the axial displacement of a portion of the ultrasonic transducer 503, and a displacement phase graph (equivalent to the graph displacement phase 400 of Figure 3), showing the axial displacement phase of a portion of the 503 ultrasonic transducer. The abscissa of the graph shown in Figure 6 (distance in mm from the transducer tail) applies equally to the representation of the ultrasonic transducer 503, the displacement magnitude graph 303 and the displacement phase graph. The left ordinate of the graph has to do with the magnitude of the axial displacement in pm and the right ordinate of the graph refers to the phase of the axial displacement in degrees. The displacement magnitude graph 303 and the displacement phase graph were derived from simulations of the geometry of the ultrasonic transducer 503 that has V _p input parameters. _p (27 V) and current (285.6 mA) at the resonance frequency of 49,694 Hz, as shown in Table 1.
[0072] The 503 ultrasonic transducer comprises a tail, a transduction portion and an ultrasonic horn. The ultrasonic horn comprises a flange 510, a first cylindrical portion 520, a tapered portion 540 and a second cylindrical portion 530. The tapered portion 540 further comprises a first tapered section 542, a second tapered section 544 and a flat surface 546 between the same . The ultrasonic horn shown in Figure 6 includes 525 torque features located on the
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33/61 distal end of the first cylindrical portion 520 (about 10 mm away from the flange 510). Unlike similar functional features included in the ultrasonic transducer 500 (Figure 3), the torque features 525 in the ultrasonic transducer 503 are not incorporated in the body of the first cylindrical portion 520, but constitute an additional radially extended portion located at a distal end of the first portion cylindrical 520 and a ring or cylindrical mass 534 disposed in a distal portion of the second tapered section 544 and proximal to the second cylindrical portion 530 (in about
7.6 mm proximal to the distal end 535 of the second cylindrical portion). The cylindrical mass 534 has an outside diameter of about 12 mm and a width of about 2 mm. It can be observed that the only difference between the ultrasonic transducer 502 and the ultrasonic transducer 503 is the outside diameter of the cylindrical mass (cylindrical mass 534 has an outside diameter of about 50% greater than the equivalent cylindrical mass 532).
[0073] The displacement phase graph shows the axial displacement phase along the length of the 503 ultrasonic transducer including the test load. The phase can have a positive value along the length of the transduction portion including flange 510 (from the tail to a position about 20 mm from the tail) and along the length of a distal segment of the test load of about 82 mm from the tail to the distal end of the test load about 105 mm from the tail). The phase can also have a negative value along the length of the ultrasonic horn (from flange 510 to about 20 mm from the tail to the distal end 535 of the ultrasonic horn) and also along at least a portion of the test charge (from about 60 mm from the tail to a position about 82 mm from the tail).
[0074] The displacement magnitude graph 303 shows the
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34/61 absolute value of the amplitude of the axial displacement along the length of the ultrasonic transducer 503 including the test load. The displacement magnitude graph 303 represents an amount of mechanical gain in the magnitude of the axial displacement of the ultrasonic transducer 503 which may be due, in part, to the horn geometry. Thus, although the maximum displacement magnitude of the transduction portion can be about 4 pm, the maximum displacement magnitude of the horn in the second cylindrical portion 530 can be about 21 pm, and the maximum displacement magnitude 363 at the end distal from the test load can be around 22.3 pm. In this way, a gain in the magnitude of the axial displacement of about 5.6 from the transduction portion to the end of the test load can be realized. The displacement gain of the ultrasonic horn shown in Figure 6 is slightly less than that of the ultrasonic horn represented in Figure 5 (by about 7%), and the maximum displacement magnitude 363 of the horn represented in Figure 6 (22.5 pm) it is slightly larger than the maximum displacement magnitude 362 of the horn represented in Figure 5 (21 pm) by about 7%. A comparison of the maximum displacement magnitude 363 for the horn shown in Figure 6 to the maximum displacement magnitude 362 for the horn shown in Figure 5 suggests that increasing the outside diameter of the second cylindrical mass may slightly increase the maximum displacement at the distal end of the ultrasonic transducer.
[0075] The geometry of the ultrasonic transducer 503 shown in Figure 6 can result in a modest increase in the maximum displacement magnitude 363 over that of the ultrasonic transducer 502 shown in Figure 5. The entries in Table I also show that the geometry of the horn represented in the Figure
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35/61 results in a modest increase in power utilization over that of the 502 ultrasonic transducer. Specifically, the 503 ultrasonic transducer uses about 10% more energy to operate compared to the 502 ultrasonic transducer. In addition, the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic transducer 503 is displaced about 2.0% (lower) than that of ultrasonic transducer 500 (compared to a displacement of about 0.3% for ultrasonic transducer 502).
[0076] Figure 7 represents a physical representation of an ultrasonic transducer 504 superimposed on a displacement magnitude graph 304, showing the magnitude of the axial displacement of a portion of the ultrasonic transducer 504, and a displacement phase graph (equivalent to the graph displacement phase 400 of Figure 3), showing the axial displacement phase of a portion of the ultrasonic transducer 504. The abscissa of the graph shown in Figure 7 (distance in mm from the transducer tail) applies equally to the representation of the ultrasonic transducer 504, the displacement magnitude graph 304 and the displacement phase graph. The left ordinate of the graph has to do with the magnitude of the axial displacement in pm and the right ordinate of the graph refers to the phase of the axial displacement in degrees. The displacement magnitude graph 304 and the displacement phase graph were derived from simulations of the geometry of the ultrasonic transducer 504 that has V _p input parameters. _p (27 V) and current (41.36 mA) at the resonance frequency of 48,524 Hz, as shown in Table 1.
[0077] The 504 ultrasonic transducer comprises a tail, a transduction portion and an ultrasonic horn. The ultrasonic horn comprises a flange 510, a first cylindrical portion 520, a tapered portion 540 and a second portion
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36/61 cylindrical 530. The tapered portion 540 further comprises a first tapered section 542 and a second tapered section 544. Similar to the ultrasonic horn shown in Figure 3, the ultrasonic horn shown in Figure 7 may include torque features 525 manufactured as part of a distal portion of the first cylindrical portion 520. The ultrasonic horn of Figure 7 also includes a ring or cylindrical mass 528 disposed in the first cylindrical portion 520 (about 30.4 mm proximal to the distal end 535 of the second cylindrical portion). The cylindrical mass 528 has an outside diameter of about 25 mm and a width of about 2 mm. It can be seen that the main difference between the ultrasonic transducer 500 and the ultrasonic transducer 504 is that the ultrasonic transducer 504 includes the cylindrical mass 528.
[0078] The displacement phase graph shows the phase of the axial displacement along the length of the 504 ultrasonic transducer including the test load. The phase can have a positive value along the length of the transduction portion including flange 510 (from the tail to a position about 20 mm from the tail) and along the length of a distal segment of the test load of about 82 mm from the tail to the distal end of the test load about 105 mm from the tail). The phase can also have a negative value along the length of the ultrasonic horn (from flange 510 to about 20 mm from the tail to the distal end 535 of the ultrasonic horn) and also along at least a portion of the test charge (from about 60 mm from the tail to a position about 82 mm from the tail).
[0079] The displacement magnitude graph 304 shows the absolute value of the amplitude of the axial displacement along the length of the ultrasonic transducer 504 and the test load. The displacement magnitude graph 304 represents a
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37/61 amount of mechanical gain in the magnitude of the axial displacement of the ultrasonic transducer 504 which may be due, in part, to the horn geometry. Thus, although the maximum displacement magnitude of the transduction portion can be about
3.5 pm, the maximum displacement magnitude of the horn in the second cylindrical portion 530 can be about 17.5 pm, and the maximum displacement magnitude 364 at the distal end of the test load can be around 18.7 pm . In this way, a gain in the magnitude of the axial displacement of about 5.3 from the transduction portion to the end of the test load can be realized. The displacement gain of the ultrasonic horn shown in Figure 7 is less than that of the ultrasonic horn represented in Figure 3 (by about 22%), but the maximum displacement magnitude 364 of the horn represented in Figure 7 (18.7 pm) is greater than the maximum displacement magnitude 360 of the horn represented in Figure 3 (17.1 pm) by about 9%. A comparison of the maximum displacement magnitude 364 for the horn shown in Figure 7 to the maximum displacement magnitude 360 for the horn shown in Figure 3 suggests that the addition of cylindrical mass 528 at the distal end of the first cylindrical portion 520 may result in a modest increase at the maximum displacement magnitude.
[0080] A comparison between the ultrasonic transducer 500 shown in Figure 3 and the ultrasonic transducer 504 shown in Figure 7 can reveal additional effects of adding cylindrical mass 528 to the transducer. For example, the phase margin (PM) of transducer 500 is less than the radius of transducer 504 by about 14%. As shown above, a larger phase margin can be useful to minimize the possible effects of frequency error on the ultrasonic signal generator. Thus, the addition of a cylindrical mass 528 can be useful in this context. The entries in Table I show,
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38/61 also, that the horn geometry represented in Figure 7 uses about 20% more energy to operate the 504 transducer than the ultrasonic transducer 500. This is consistent with the 20% increased drainage of the 504 transducer versus the transducer 500 and about 20% decrease in impedance of transducer 504 with respect to that of transducer 500.
[0081] It can be seen, based on the data in Table I and the graphs in Figures 3 to 7, that the width, size, and the placement of one or more cylindrical masses along the length of an ultrasonic transducer can have countless effects acting on each other on the transducer features. As presented above, it is desirable to produce a transducer that has a geometry that can maximize the final displacement of the transducer, optimize the power used to drive the transducer, and maximize the phase margin (thus minimizing the effect of possible frequency deviation from the from the transducer resonance frequency). Figures 8 to 16 represent simulation graphs of the effect of changes in ring geometry on the phase margin, end displacement, and impedance of a transducer fed at a fixed voltage and the resonance frequency of the transducer. Such graphs can be useful for determining the optimization of transducer geometries.
[0082] Figures 8 to 10 are graphs of phase margin (in Hz), end displacement (in pm), and impedance (in ohms), respectively, versus the outer ring diameter (mm) for the ultrasonic transducer 500. For these simulations, the support ring 510 comprises the flange 20 located about 511 mm distant from the tail 500 of the transducer. It can be seen, for example, in Figure 3, that flange 510 is located in a proximal node of transducer 500 (a place where the graph of axial displacement magnitude 300
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39/61 is at a minimum). Thus, the response parameters of the transducer 500 due to changes in the geometry of the flange 510 may not depend on the effects due to the placement of the ring. In each of Figures 8 to 10, flange 510 has a fixed width of 2 mm. It can be seen that both the phase margin graph (800 in Figure 8) and the end displacement graph (900 in Figure 9) increase monotonically with the outer diameter of the ring over the OD value range. The transducer impedance graph (1000 in Figure 10), however, decreases monotonically over the same range. Since the power required to operate the transducer is inversely proportional to the transducer impedance, a decrease in impedance can correspond to an increase in energy to operate the transducer. It appears that the graphs of PM versus ring OD (800 in Figure 8) and the end offset versus ring OD (900 in Figure 9) can be modeled by a second order equation. Without sticking to the theory, such graphs may suggest that both the PM and the displacement are functions of the ring's mass, which would be a function of the square of the radius (one half of the OD) of the ring.
[0083] Figures 11 to 13 are graphs of phase margin (in Hz), end displacement (in pm), and impedance (in ohms), respectively, versus the ring width (in mm) for the ultrasonic transducer 500. For these simulations, the support ring 510 comprises the flange 20 located about 511 mm distant from the tail 500 of the transducer. It can be seen, for example, in Figure 3, that flange 510 is located in a proximal node of transducer 500 (a location where the graph of axial displacement magnitude 300 is at a minimum). Thus, the response parameters of the transducer 500 due to changes in the geometry of the flange 510 may not depend on the effects due to the placement of the ring. In each of the
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Figures 11 to 13, the flange 510 has a fixed outside diameter (OD) of 15 mm. It can be seen that both the phase margin graph (1100 in Figure 11) and the end displacement graph (1200 in Figure 12) increase monotonically with the ring width over the range of ring width values. The transducer impedance graph (1300 in Figure 13), however, decreases monotonically over the same range. Since the power required to operate the transducer is inversely proportional to the transducer impedance, a decrease in impedance can correspond to an increase in energy to operate the transducer. A comparison of the graphs of PM versus OD or ring width (800 in Figure 8 compared to 1100 in Figure 11) and edge offset versus OD or ring width (900 in Figure 9 versus 1200 in Figure 12) suggests that the effect due to the width of the ring both in PM and in end displacement it can be greater than the effect of ring OD in the two measurements. In addition, it appears that the slopes of the PM graphs versus the ring OD (800 in Figure 8) and displacement versus the ring OD (900 in Figure 9) increase with increasing ring OD, although the slopes of the graphs of the ring PM versus ring width (1100 in Figure 11) and offset versus ring width (1200 in Figure 12) decrease or remain constant with increasing ring width. These results may suggest that an increase in the ring width may have a greater impact than the ring OD on the MP and final displacement of the transducer, although the effect of the ring width may decrease as the ring width becomes large. Without adhering to the theory, the decrease in the width effect on the ring both in PM and in final displacement may be due to an increase in the local stiffness of the transducer 500 as the flange width increases along the axial dimension. Also, a comparison of the impedance graphs
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41/61 as a function of OD or ring width (1000 in Figure 10 versus 1300 in Figure 13) indicates that the effect due to ring OD on impedance is approximately linear with ring OD, while the effect due to width of the ring on the impedance has a more complex dependency.
[0084] Figures 14 to 16 show graphs of phase margin (in Hz), end displacement (in pm), and impedance (in ohms), respectively, versus the ring displacement along the transducer's longitudinal axis ( in percent of the distance between the proximal node and the proximal antinox) for an ultrasonic transducer 500. Referring to Figure 3 as an example, the proximal node can be found approximately at the location of flange 510 (about 20 mm from tail 517 where the displacement magnitude curve 300 is at a first minimum). Similarly, referring to Figure 3 as an example, the proximal antinox can be found approximately at the distal end 535 of the ultrasonic horn about 60 mm from the tail 517 where the axial displacement magnitude curve 300 has a first maximum on the horn ultrasonic. For these simulations, the ring has a fixed width of 2 mm. Unlike the graphs shown in Figures 8 to 13, the graphs shown in Figures 13 to 16 are not monotonic, but exhibit maximums (1400 in Figure 14 and 1500 in Figure 15) and a minimum (1600 in Figure 16) across the range of percentage values of distance between the node and the antinox. It can also be observed that the maximum phase margin (1400 in Figure 14) and the displacement (1500 in Figure 15) occur in the percentage value of distance between the node and the antino that corresponds to the minimum in impedance as shown in graph 1600 in Figure 16. It can also be noted that the graphs represented in Figures 14 to 16 do not appear to be symmetrical. Without sticking to the theory, the lack of
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42/61 symmetry in the graphs represented in Figures 14 to 16 can result from the change in the diameter of the ultrasonic horn from the first cylindrical portion 520 through the tapered portion 540, and the second cylindrical portion 530 a. The peaks in the graphs shown in graph 1400 in Figure 14 and graph 1500 in Figure 15 occur at approximately 50% of the node / antinox distance (approximately 40 mm distant from tail 517) that may correspond to the location of plane 546. Similarly , the recess in graph 1600 in Figure 16 occurs at approximately 50% of the knot / antino distance (approximately 40 mm from tail 517) that can correspond to the location of the 546 plane.
[0085] It can be recognized, as shown above and in Figures 3 to 16, that a careful selection of cylindrical masses or rings added to an ultrasonic transducer can help adjust the transducer response when energized by a power source. Figures 17 to 22 represent simulated results of the selective placement and geometry of such rings on a transducer that can allow the selective adjustment of some of the transducer response parameters.
[0086] Table 2 below refers to some of the transducer response parameters for each of the three different horn geometries. In Table 2, the Transducer field refers to the Figure number corresponding to the transducer geometry, and the Response field refers to the Figure number representing the graph and the impedance associated with the translator. In Table 2, F _r corresponds to the resonance frequency (in Hz) determined for the geometry shown in the corresponding transducer figure. F _r has a corresponding minimum impedance of Zmin (in ohms). As noted above, PM (phase margin) is the difference in Hz between the antiresonance frequency (F _a ) and the resonance frequency (F _r ).
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The quality factor Qm is a dimensionless number calculated as the ratio of the resonance frequency to the width of the impedance plot in points corresponding to the total width to times the minimum impedance value.
Table 2
Translator answer Fr (Hz) PM (Hz) Qm (dimensionless) Zmin (Ohms) Figure 17 Figure 18 49,760 270 3,130 57.4 Figure 19 Figure 20 50,219 309 7,019 28.4 Figure 21 Figure 22 50,209 344 6,821 28.4
[0087] Figure 17 represents a first aspect of an ultrasonic horn 1722 characterized by a minimum flange 1710, a first cylindrical portion 1720 that has no rings, a tapered portion 1740 that has a flat shape, and a second cylindrical portion 1730. This it can be taken as a baseline configuration against which the ultrasonic horns represented in Figure 19 (1922) and Figure 21 (2122) can be compared. Figure 18 represents an impedance graph comprising an impedance amplitude graph 1800 and a phase impedance graph 1900 associated with the first ultrasonic horn 1722. The impedance amplitude graph 1800 shows a minimum impedance at the resonance frequency ( F _r ) 1820 and a maximum of the impedance at the anti-resonant frequency (F _a ) 1830. The phase margin 1840 is the difference between F _a and F _r .
[0088] Figure 19 represents a second aspect of a 1922 ultrasonic horn characterized by an expanded 1910 flange, a first cylindrical portion 1920 that has 1925 torque resources located at its distal end, a small 1934 ring located distally from the tapered portion, and a second portion
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44/61 cylindrical 1930. Figure 20 represents an impedance graph that comprises a graph of impedance amplitude 1801 and a graph of phase impedance 1901 associated with the second ultrasonic horn 1922. The graph of amplitude of impedance 1801 shows a minimum impedance at resonance frequency (F _r ) 1821 and a maximum impedance at the anti-resonant frequency (F _a ) 1831. Phase margin 1841 is the difference between F _a and F _r .
[0089] Figure 21 represents a third aspect of an ultrasonic horn 2122 characterized by an expanded flange 2110 having a wider width than the flange 1910 represented in the ultrasonic horn 1922, a first cylindrical portion 2120, a second cylindrical portion 2130, and a small ring 2134 located distally to the tapered portion and having an external diameter and width comparable to that of the small ring 1934 of the ultrasonic horn 1922. The small ring 2134 also includes torque resources 2125. Figure 22 represents an impedance graph that comprises a graph of impedance amplitude 1802 and a graph of phase impedance 1902 associated with the third ultrasonic horn 2122. The graph of impedance amplitude 1802 shows a minimum impedance at the resonance frequency (F _r ) 1822 and a maximum impedance at the anti-resonant frequency ( F _a ) 1832. The phase margin 1842 is the difference between F _a and F _r .
[0090] It can be seen that the second ultrasonic horn 1922 and the third ultrasonic horn 2122 appear to differ significantly from each other in their respective geometries. The third ultrasonic horn flange 2122 is about twice as large as that of the second ultrasonic horn 1922. In addition, the second ultrasonic horn 1922 includes additional torque features 1925 over the first cylindrical portion 1920 which are incorporated into the small ring 2134 of the third horn. ultrasound 2122. Of interest, however, is
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45/61 that the resonance frequency of the second ultrasonic horn 1922 is almost identical to that of the third ultrasonic horn 2122, while F _r of both ultrasonic horns 1922 and 2122 are about 1% higher than the baseline horn 1722 ( see Table 2). Also, as shown in Table 2, the impedance at the resonance frequency (Zmin) is also the same for both ultrasonic horns 1922 and 2122. The impedance at the resonance frequency (Zminutes) of both ultrasonic horns 1922 and 2122 is also about half that of the 1722 baseline horn. Table 2 further shows that the quality factor of the third horn 2122 is about 3% lower than that of the second horn 1922, but both have a quality factor greater than twice that of the horn. baseline 1722. However, also with reference to Table 2, the phase margin of the second ultrasonic horn 1922 is about 10% greater than that of the baseline horn 1722, and the phase margin of the third horn 2122 is about 11% higher than that of the second 1922 horn. Thus, it can be understood that geometric features can be added to an ultrasonic horn to adjust a response feature (phase margin) while leaving other features response bears (F _r , Q _m and Zmin) unchanged. [0091] The examples of ultrasonic transducers and ultrasonic transducer horns presented above should not be taken as limiting. It can be understood that an ultrasonic transducer horn can comprise, for example, one or more cylindrical portions, one or more tapered sections and one or more rings or cylindrical masses. The ultrasonic transducer horn may have a flange or it may not have a flange.
[0092] More than one of the cylindrical portions can have diameters and / or lengths that are the same or different. Cylindrical portions can have circular cross sections, cross sections
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46/61 elliptical, oval cross sections or other smooth cross sections (non-angular). The cross section of a cylindrical portion can be the same or different from the cross section of a second cylindrical portion.
[0093] The one or more tapered sections may have linear (conical) tapering or curved tapering. Curved tapering can be characterized as circular curves, elliptical curves, oval curves, parabolic curves, hyperbolic curves or any other curve. The tapered sections of an ultrasonic horn that has multiple tapered sections can have the same or different curvatures (for a curved taper) or the same or different opening angle (for a tapered taper). An ultrasonic horn can include multiple tapered sections in which all tapered sections have a linear taper, all tapered sections have a curved taper, or a combination or combinations of linear and curved taper. The one or more tapered sections can be distributed between any of the cylindrical portions. A first tapered section can be arranged adjacent to a second tapered section. A plan can be arranged between a first tapered section and a second tapered section.
[0094] The rings or cylindrical masses can have an outer cylindrical surface, where the cylinder can have a circular cross section, an elliptical cross section, oval cross section, or any other closed curved cross section. Cylindrical rings or masses may have an outer surface that includes one or more flattened or partially flattened surfaces. An ultrasonic horn may comprise one or more of such rings. The geometries of more than one ring can be the same or different. In this way, the outside diameter and / or the width of a first ring can
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47/61 be equal to or different from the respective outside diameter and / or width of a second ring. Similarly, the outer surfaces of more than one ring can have the same geometry or can have different geometries.
[0095] An ultrasonic transducer horn may include torque resources or may be devoid of these torque resources. Torque features can be incorporated into or added to any one or more of the components of the ultrasonic transducer horn, including a flange, one or more of the cylindrical portions, one or more of the tapered sections, one or more planes and / or one or more cylindrical rings or masses. Torque features can include features that can be used to engage a torque tool. The torque tool can be used to mount an ultrasonic transducer that comprises the ultrasonic horn, transducer components (such as piezoelectric transducers), and an end or tail piece. The torque tool can be used to ensure effective mechanical contact between the transducer components and the ultrasonic horn. In a non-limiting example, such torque features may include one or more surfaces in a component of an ultrasonic horn that are configured to properly engage the torque tool's mating surfaces.
[0096] Although several details have been presented in the above description, it will be recognized that the various aspects of techniques for operating a generator to digitally generate electrical signal waveforms and surgical instruments can be practiced without these specific details. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the components (for example, operations), devices and objectives described in the present invention, and the accompanying discussion, are used as examples with a view to
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48/61 conceptual clarity, and that several configuration changes are contemplated. Consequently, as used in the present invention, the specific examples presented and the accompanying discussion are intended to be representative of their more general classes. In general, the use of any specific specimen is intended to be representative of its class, and the non-inclusion of components (for example, operations), specific devices and objects should not be considered limiting.
[0097] Furthermore, although various forms have been illustrated and described, it is not the applicant's intention to restrict or limit the scope of the attached claims to such detail. Numerous modifications, variations, alterations, substitutions, combinations and equivalents of these forms can be implemented and will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, the structure of each element associated with the shape can alternatively be described as a means of providing the function performed by the element. In addition, where materials for certain components are described, other materials can be used. It should be understood, therefore, that the preceding description and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, combinations and variations that fall within the scope of the modalities presented. The attached claims are intended to cover all such modifications, variations, alterations, substitutions, modifications and equivalents.
[0098] For brevity and clarity of the disclosure, selected aspects of the above disclosure were presented in the form of a block diagram and not in detail. Some portions of the detailed descriptions provided here can be presented in terms of instructions that operate on data that is stored in one or more computer memories or one or more memory devices.
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49/61 data storage (for example, floppy disk, hard disk drive, compact disc (CD), Digital Video Disc (DVD) or digital tape). These descriptions and representations are used by those skilled in the art to describe and convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. In general, an algorithm refers to the self-consistent sequence of steps that lead to the desired result, where a step refers to the manipulation of physical quantities and / or logical states that can, although not necessarily need to, take the form of electrical or magnetic signals that can be stored, transferred, combined, compared and manipulated in any other way. It is common use to call these signs bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers or the like. These terms and similar terms may be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient identifications applied to these quantities and / or states. [0099] Unless otherwise stated, as is evident from the preceding disclosure, it is understood that, throughout the preceding disclosure, discussions that use terms such as processing, or computation, or calculation, or determination, or display, or the like , refer to the action and processes of a computer, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms the data represented in the form of physical (electronic) quantities in the computer's records and memories into other data represented in a similar way under the form of physical quantities in the memories or records of the computer, or in other similar devices for storing, transmitting or displaying information.
[0100] In a general sense, those skilled in the art will recognize that the various aspects described here, which can be implemented, individually and / or collectively, through a wide
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50/61 range of hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of these, can be seen as being composed of various types of electrical circuits. Consequently, as used in the present invention, electrical circuits include, but are not limited to, electrical circuits that have at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuits that have at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuits that have at least one integrated circuit for application electrical circuits that form a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (for example, a general purpose computer configured by a computer program that at least partially performs processes and / or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program that at least partially performs the processes and / or devices described herein), electrical circuits that form a memory device (for example, forms of random access memory), and / or electrical circuits that form a communications device (for example, a mode m, routers or optical-electrical equipment). Those skilled in the art will recognize that the subject described here can be implemented in an analog or digital way, or in some combination of these.
[0101] The previous detailed description presented various forms of devices and / or processes through the use of block diagrams, flowcharts and / or examples. Although these block diagrams, flowcharts and / or examples contain one or more functions and / or operations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each function and / or operation within these block diagrams, flowcharts and / or examples can be implemented, individually and / or collectively, through a wide range of hardware, software, firmware or virtually any combination thereof. In a
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51/61 modality, several portions of the subject described here can be implemented through application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable port arrangements (FPGAs), digital signal processors (PSDs) or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the modalities described herein, in whole or in part, can be implemented in an equivalent way in integrated circuits, such as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (for example, as a or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (for example, as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or virtually as any combination of and that designing the circuitry and / or writing the code for the software and firmware would be within the scope of practice of an element versed in the technique in the light of this description. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that the mechanisms of the subject described herein can be distributed as one or more program products in a variety of ways and that an illustrative form of the subject described here is applicable regardless of the specific type of transmission medium. signals used to effectively carry out the distribution. Examples of a signal transmission medium include, but are not limited to, the following: a recordable media such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a compact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), a tape digital, computer memory, etc .; and transmission-type media, such as digital and / or analog communication media (for example, a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communication link, a wireless communication link (for example, transmitter, receiver, transmission logic,
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52/61 reception, etc.), etc.).
[0102] In some cases, one or more elements can be described using the expression coupled and connected together with their derivatives. It must be understood that these terms are not meant to be synonymous with each other. For example, some aspects can be described using the term connected to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical contact or in electrical contact with each other. In another example, some aspects can be described using the coupled term to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical contact or in electrical contact. The coupled term, however, can also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but still cooperate or interact with each other. It must be understood that the architectures represented by different components contained within, or connected to other different components are merely examples, and that, in fact, many other architectures that achieve the same functionality can be implemented. In the conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively associated if the desired functionality is achieved. Thus, any two components mentioned in the present invention that are combined to achieve a specific functionality can be seen as associated with each other if the desired functionality is achieved, regardless of the architectures or intermediate components. Similarly, any of these two components so associated can also be viewed as being operationally connected or operationally coupled to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any of these two components capable of being associated in this way can be
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53/61 viewed as being operationally attachable to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operationally dockable components include, but are not limited to, physically interlocking and / or physically interacting components and / or those that can interact wirelessly and / or components that interact wirelessly and / or that interact logically and / or components that can interact by logic and / or components that interact electrically and / or components that can interact electrically and / or components that interact optically and / or components that can interact optically.
[0103] In other cases, one or more components in the present invention may be called configured for, configurable for, operable / operational for, adapted / adaptable for, capable of, conformable / conformed for, etc. Those skilled in the art will recognize that configured to can, in general, cover components in an active state and / or components in an inactive state and / or components in a standby state, except when the context determines otherwise.
[0104] Although specific aspects of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that, based on the teachings of the present invention, changes and modifications can be made without departing from the subject described here and its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims cover in their scope all these changes and modifications in the same way that they are within the true scope of the subject described here. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, the terms used here, and especially in the appended claims (for example, bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as open terms (for example, the term including should be interpreted how
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54/61 including, but not limited to, the term having must be interpreted as having, at least, the term includes must be interpreted as including, but not limited to, etc.). It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that, when a specific number of a claim statement entered is intended, that intention will be expressly mentioned in the claim and, in the absence of such mention, no intention will be present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain the use of introductory phrases at least one and one or more to introduce claim statements. However, the use of such phrases should not be interpreted as implying that the introduction of a claim statement by the indefinite articles one, one or one, ones limits any specific claim containing the mention of the claim entered to claims that contain only such a mention, even when the same claim includes introductory phrases one or more or at least one and indefinite articles, such as one, ones or one, ones (for example, one, ones and / or one, ones should typically be interpreted as meaning at least one or one or more); the same goes for the use of defined articles used to introduce claims.
[0105] Furthermore, even if a specific number of an introduced claim statement is explicitly mentioned, those skilled in the art will recognize that that statement must typically be interpreted as meaning at least the number mentioned (for example, the mere mention of two mentions , without other modifiers, typically means at least two mentions, or two or more mentions). In addition, in cases where a convention analogous to at least one of A, B and C, etc. is used, in general this construction is intended to have the meaning in which the convention would be
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55/61 understood by (for example, a system that has at least one of A, B and C would include, but would not be limited to, systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B and C together, etc.). In cases where a convention analogous to at least one of A, B or C, etc. is used, in general this construction is intended to have the meaning in which the convention would be understood by (for example, a system that has at least one of A, B and C would include, but would not be limited to, systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B and C together, etc.). It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that typically a disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, in the claims or in the drawings, should be understood as contemplating the possibility of including one of the terms, any of the terms or both terms, except where the context dictates something different. For example, the phrase A or B will typically be understood to include the possibilities of A or B or A and B.
[0106] With respect to the attached claims, those skilled in the art will understand that the operations mentioned in them can, in general, be performed in any order. In addition, although several operational flows are presented in one or more sequences, it must be understood that the various operations can be performed in orders other than those shown, or can be performed simultaneously. Examples of such alternative orderings may include overlapping, interleaved, interrupted, reordered, incremental, preparatory, supplementary, simultaneous, inverse or other variant orders, except when the context determines otherwise. In addition, terms such as responsive to, related to or other adjectives participles are not intended in general to exclude these
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56/61 variants, unless the context otherwise requires.
[0107] It is worth noting that any reference to an (1) aspect, an aspect, a (1) shape or a shape means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the aspect is included in at least one aspect. Thus, the use of expressions as in one (1) aspect, in one aspect, in one (1) modality, in one modality, in several places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same aspect. In addition, specific resources, structures or characteristics can be combined in any appropriate way in one or more aspects.
[0108] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms in the present invention, those skilled in the art may change from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations are not expressly presented here for the sake of clarity.
[0109] In certain cases, the use of a system or method can occur even if the components in a territory are located outside the territory. For example, in a distributed computing context, the use of a distributed computing system can occur in a region even though parts of the system can be located outside the territory (for example, relay, server, processor, signal containing medium, transmission of computer, computer, etc., located outside the territory).
[0110] A sale of a system or method may likewise take place in a territory even if the components of the system and / or method are located and / or are used outside the territory. Furthermore, the implementation of at least part of a system to execute a method in a territory does not prevent the use of the system in
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57/61 other territory.
[0111] All US patents, US patent application publications, US patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications mentioned in this specification and / or listed on any Order Data Sheet (ADS, Application Data Sheet), or any other disclosure material are hereby incorporated by reference, insofar as they are not inconsistent with the content of the present disclosure. Accordingly, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly presented herein replaces any conflicting material incorporated by reference to the present invention. Any material, or portion thereof, which is incorporated herein by reference, but which conflicts with the definitions, statements, or other disclosure materials contained herein, will be incorporated here only insofar as there is no conflict between the material embedded and existing disclosure material.
[0112] In summary, numerous benefits have been described that result from the use of the concepts described in this document. The previously mentioned description of one or more modalities has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. This description is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form described. Modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. One or more modalities were chosen and described in order to illustrate the principles and practical application to, thus, allow those skilled in the art to use the various modalities and with various modifications, as they are convenient to the specific use contemplated. The claims presented in the annex are intended to define the global scope.
[0113] Several aspects of the subject described here are defined in the following numbered clauses:
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58/61 [0114] Example 1. An ultrasonic horn comprising: a proximal flange; a first cylindrical portion that has a first diameter and is positioned distally with respect to the proximal flange; a second cylindrical portion comprising a second diameter and a distal end, where the second cylindrical portion is in a position located distally with respect to the first cylindrical portion and where the second diameter is smaller than the first diameter; the tapered portion is disposed between the first cylindrical portion and the second cylindrical portion; and a cylindrical mass arranged around the horn in a position located between the flange and the distal end of the second cylindrical portion.
[0115] Example 2. The ultrasonic horn, according to example 1, in which the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in the first cylindrical portion.
[0116] Example 3. The ultrasonic horn, according to example 2, in which the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a distal section of the first cylindrical portion.
[0117] Example 4. The ultrasonic horn, according to example 1, in which the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in the tapered portion.
[0118] Example 5. The ultrasonic horn, according to example 1, in which the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in the second cylindrical portion.
[0119] Example 6. The ultrasonic horn, according to example 5, in which the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a proximal section of the second cylindrical portion.
[0120] Example 7. The ultrasonic horn, according to example 1, in which the tapered portion comprises a first tapered section which has a first radius of curvature and a second tapered section which has a second radius of curvature.
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59/61 [0121] Example 8. The ultrasonic horn, according to example 7, in which the first radius of curvature is equal to the second radius of curvature.
[0122] Example 9. The ultrasonic horn, according to example 7, in which the first radius of curvature is different from the second radius of curvature.
[0123] Example 10. The ultrasonic horn, according to example 7, in which the tapered portion further comprises a plane arranged in a position located between the first tapered section and the second tapered section.
[0124] Example 11. The ultrasonic horn, according to example 7, in which the cylindrical mass is arranged in a position located between the first tapered section and the second tapered section.
[0125] Example 12. The ultrasonic horn, according to example 1, further comprising a second cylindrical mass disposed around the horn in a position located between the flange and the distal end of the second cylindrical portion.
[0126] Example 13. An ultrasonic system comprising: a bell-shaped end; an ultrasonic horn, in which the ultrasonic horn comprises: a proximal flange; a first cylindrical portion that has a first diameter and is positioned distally with respect to the proximal flange; a second cylindrical portion comprising a second diameter and a distal end, where the second cylindrical portion is in a position located distally with respect to the first cylindrical portion and where the second diameter is smaller than the first diameter; the tapered portion is disposed between the first cylindrical portion and the second cylindrical portion; and a cylindrical mass arranged around the horn in a position located between the flange and the end
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60/61 distal to the second cylindrical portion; a transducer portion arranged between the bell-shaped end and the ultrasonic horn; and an ultrasonic energy source configured to provide an electrical signal that has a predetermined frequency component to act on the transducer portion.
[0127] Example 14. The ultrasonic system, according to example 13, in which the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a position configured to optimize an electrical resource of the ultrasonic system.
[0128] Example 15. The ultrasonic system, according to example 14, in which the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a position configured to minimize an impedance of the transducer portion in relation to the electrical signal.
[0129] Example 16. The ultrasonic system, according to example 14, in which the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a position configured to maximize a phase margin of the transducer portion in relation to the electrical signal.
[0130] Example 17. The ultrasonic system, according to example 13, in which the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a position configured to optimize a mechanical characteristic of the ultrasonic system.
[0131] Example 18. The ultrasonic system, according to example 17, in which the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a position configured to maximize a displacement of the distal end of the second cylindrical portion through the actuation of the transducer portion by the electrical signal.
[0132] Example 19. The ultrasonic system, according to example 17, in which the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a position configured to maximize a ratio between a displacement of the distal end of the second cylindrical portion and
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61/61 a displacement of the transducer portion by the actuation of the transducer portion by the electrical signal.

权利要求:
Claims (19)
[1]
1. Ultrasonic horn, characterized by the fact that it comprises:
a proximal flange;
a first cylindrical portion that has a first diameter and is positioned distally with respect to the proximal flange;
a second cylindrical portion comprising a second diameter and a distal end, where the second cylindrical portion is in a position located distally with respect to the first cylindrical portion and where the second diameter is smaller than the first diameter;
the tapered portion is disposed between the first cylindrical portion and the second cylindrical portion; and a cylindrical mass arranged around the horn in a position located between the flange and the distal end of the second cylindrical portion.
[2]
2. Ultrasonic horn, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in the first cylindrical portion.
[3]
3. Ultrasonic horn, according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a distal section of the first cylindrical portion.
[4]
4. Ultrasonic horn, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in the tapered portion.
[5]
5. Ultrasonic horn, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in the second cylindrical portion.
[6]
6. Ultrasonic horn, according to claim 5,
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2/4 characterized by the fact that the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a proximal section of the second cylindrical portion.
[7]
7. Ultrasonic horn, according to claim 1, characterized in that the tapered portion comprises a first tapered section that has a first radius of curvature and a second tapered section that has a second radius of curvature.
[8]
8. Ultrasonic horn, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the first radius of curvature is equal to the second radius of curvature.
[9]
9. Ultrasonic horn, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the first radius of curvature is different from the second radius of curvature.
[10]
10. Ultrasonic horn, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the tapered portion further comprises a plane arranged in a position located between the first tapered section and the second tapered section.
[11]
11. Ultrasonic horn, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical mass is arranged in a position located between the first tapered section and the second tapered section.
[12]
12. Ultrasonic horn, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it further comprises a second cylindrical mass disposed around the horn in a position located between the flange and the distal end of the second cylindrical portion.
[13]
13. Ultrasonic system, characterized by the fact that it comprises:
a bell-shaped end;
an ultrasonic horn, in which the ultrasonic horn comprises:
a proximal flange;
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3/4 a first cylindrical portion that has a first diameter and is positioned distally in relation to the proximal flange;
a second cylindrical portion comprising a second diameter and a distal end, where the second cylindrical portion is in a position located distally with respect to the first cylindrical portion and where the second diameter is smaller than the first diameter;
the tapered portion is disposed between the first cylindrical portion and the second cylindrical portion; and a cylindrical mass disposed around the horn in a position located between the flange and the distal end of the second cylindrical portion;
a transducer portion arranged between the bell-shaped end and the ultrasonic horn; and an ultrasonic energy source configured to provide an electrical signal that has a predetermined frequency component to act on the transducer portion.
[14]
14. Ultrasonic system, according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a position configured to optimize an electrical characteristic of the ultrasonic system.
[15]
15. Ultrasonic system, according to claim 14, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a position configured to minimize an impedance of the transducer portion in relation to the electrical signal.
[16]
16. Ultrasonic system, according to claim 14, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a position configured to maximize a phase margin of the transducer portion in relation to the electrical signal.
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4/4
[17]
17. Ultrasonic system, according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a position configured to optimize a mechanical characteristic of the ultrasonic system.
[18]
18. Ultrasonic system, according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical mass is disposed around the horn in a position configured to maximize a displacement of the distal end of the second cylindrical portion through the actuation of the transducer portion by the signal electric.
[19]
19. Ultrasonic system according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that the cylindrical mass is arranged around the horn in a position configured to maximize a ratio between a displacement of the distal end of the second cylindrical portion and a displacement of the portion of transducer through the actuation of the transducer portion by the electrical signal.

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同族专利:

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EP3838191A1|2021-06-23|

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US20180146975A1|2018-05-31|

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EP3544529B1|2021-04-14|

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EP3544529A1|2019-10-02|

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KR20190089947A|2019-07-31|

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CN110167467A|2019-08-23|

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法律状态:
2021-10-05| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|

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2022-02-15| B06W| Patent application suspended after preliminary examination (for patents with searches from other patent authorities) chapter 6.23 patent gazette]|

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US15/362,366|US10603064B2|2016-11-28|2016-11-28|Ultrasonic transducer|

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PCT/US2017/062895|WO2018098201A1|2016-11-28|2017-11-21|Ultrasonic horn|

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