• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to downhole blasting tools. in particular, a detonation key for a drill barrel with a key hole and b. the detonation key comprises a body part configured to be located within the keyhole and b, and an electronic addressable key mechanically coupled to the body part. mechanical coupling of the body part and the electronic addressable key can provide a substantially rigid detonation key.
    公开号:BR112019005827A2
    申请号:R112019005827
    申请日:2017-09-14
    公开日:2019-06-11
    发明作者:Maxted Iain；Curnock Paul
    申请人:Guardian Global Tech Limited；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1/27
    Descriptive Report of the Invention Patent for TOOL FOR DETONATION OF WELL BACKGROUND. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [001] The present invention relates to a detonation switch. More particularly, but not exclusively, this invention relates to a detonation key for a drill cannon. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [002] The oil and gas industry uses drilling cannons (explosive devices) to create holes in steel well casings, to allow hydrocarbons to flow from a reservoir to a well. Often, columns coupling multiple drill guns are sent to the bottom of wells, to allow multiple groups of holes to be created in a single downhole operation. Selective drilling is a widely used technique to individually detonate drill guns in these columns, when each cannon is at the required well depth. For example, a column of five cannons can be sent to the bottom of the shaft, at a depth at which the lowest cannon in the column will be detonated. The lowest cannon is then detonated, and the column moved to a position where the second lowest cannon is at the required depth. The second lowest cannon is detonated, and the process is repeated until all cannons are fired as needed.
    [003] Typically, to prevent inadvertent detonation of cannons, a connection mechanism is used to successively connect all cannons to the detonation line. A common technique is the use of EB keys (so named after Ensign-Bickford invented the key first), located at the bottom of each cannon, which control the energy routing through the column. Figures 1A and 2A show a typical EB key, and Figures 1B and 2B show a
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 5/49
    2/27 schematic representation of the electrical arrangement of the keys. All EB keys are cylindrical units approximately 50 mm long with a diameter of 19 mm. Two wires emanate from one end of the cylinder and a metallic pin emerges from the other. The EB key body is machined with two O-ring grooves, in which one or more O-rings are installed. The EB key is placed in an EB hole within a sub of the gun, which connects the successive tubular guns to each other. The EB key body and O-rings provide a pressure seal inside the sub of the cannon, so that when a cannon is detonated, and holes created in the outer wall of the cannon, the cannon above is not flooded with fluid from the well. The EB key can be retained inside the EB hole using a retaining nut. Figure 1A shows key 10 before activation. A key 10 is typically located at the bottom end of a cannon, with a pin 12 protruding below the end of key 10, when the cannon is oriented towards the bottom of the well. In this case, key 10 is present in the second cannon of a cannon column, with a first cannon located below a second cannon, when in an orientation to the bottom of the shaft. In Figure 1B, a firing line 14 is connected to a downhole pin 12, and a blasting line 16 is not active. When the first cannon is detonated, typically in positive polarity, the pressure, created by the explosive force of the first cannon detonation, pushes pin 12 to switch 10, so that firing line 14 is connected to the detonation line 16 of the second cannon, activating the detonation of the second cannon. Thus, detonating the bottom cannon (the first of them) in a column activates the second cannon, and so on until all the cannons have been detonated. A person skilled in the art will understand that an alternating polarity diode in all EB switches is arranged so
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 6/49
    3/27 that the detonation voltage, required to detonate all successive cannons in the column, alternates between positive and negative, so that there is a cascade of detonations as pin 12 connects to detonation line 16. A Figure 3 shows a circuit diagram of a typical gun column, using EB keys. A person skilled in the art will also understand that a seating tool can be used as the lowest device on the column, as shown in Figure 3. To fire the seating tool and the first cannon on the column, a special type of EB key double diode is used. This switch contains two diodes with no moving parts (such as a mechanical pressure operated switch). The application of positive voltage to the upper connection of the double-diode EB is prorated directly to the igniter of the seating tool, through the lower pin of the EB switch, which triggers the activation of the seating tool. Subsequent application of negative voltage to the double diode EB switch is routed to the detonator within the first gun, thereby detonating the explosive charges in it and activating the EB switch at the lower end of the second gun to be activated, as described above.
    [004] However, in the event of a detonation failure, it is clear that it will no longer be possible to continue the detonation process, because the detonator in the cannon above the detonation failure will not be activated as described above.
    [005] There are several other disadvantages of the EB mechanical / electrical system:
    1) it is impossible to effectively check the connection of the cannon column, before operation in the hole, because only the lowest device or devices are connected to the cable, which transfers energy from the surface to the cannon column; until pressure activation, no detonator connection above the lowest gun is
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 7/49
    4/27 connected; compressed or broken wires and other assembly failures are therefore not detectable until a cannon detonation failure; and
    2) there is no specific ground connection provided for the detonator ground line; some versions of the EB system offer a wire connection for the EB key retaining nut, but this one is relatively fragile and can often break, causing a malfunction.
    [006] Alternative detonation solutions include electronic addressable detonation switches, for example, as shown in the drill cannon column in Figure 4. In this arrangement, an electronic addressable switch is associated with each cannon, and is controlled from a unit of surface control to supply power to any cannon below with which the switch is associated, or to the cannon detonator with which the switch is associated. These keys are usually located inside the set of cannons, and a model-type EB key is installed in the EB hole of the piercing cannon, to provide a pressure seal between successive cannons.
    [007] Addressable keys have several significant advantages over EB keys:
    1) all keys can be addressed and checked by a test unit on the surface, for addressing and communication with all keys, but that said test device on the surface is unable to provide enough energy to trigger any connected detonator; and
    2) if a detonation failure occurs in a cannon, the cannon can be skipped and the cannon detonated above; thus, only one cannon can be lost, unlike the EP system, in which an entire column of cannons and an operation in the bore will be
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 8/49
    5/27 lost when a detonation fails with a cannon.
    [008] Electronic addressable keys, although more secure than EB keys, have several disadvantages:
    1) the addressable switches need a model-type EB key from the sub of the drill cannon (which connects each cannon to the cannon above - or below), to provide a pressure isolation barrier between the cannons;
    2) the EB keys and the model-type EB keys are designed to maintain pressure in only one direction, that is, from below (the cannons are detonated from the lowest one); We have in mind the advantage of addressable keys, because if a cannon or a key has a detonation failure, the failed cannon can be skipped and the cannon above the cannon with a detonation failure activated, a situation arises in which the cannon with detonation failure is skipped and therefore is at atmospheric pressure. The cannon above the detonating failure cannon is then detonated and flooded, so that it contains high pressure well fluid; the model type EB key, at the bottom of the detonated cannon or at the top of the cannon with detonation failure, is therefore subjected to pressure from above, a situation for which it was not designed; the model-type EB key, therefore, provides fluid from the well to the cannon with detonation failure, thereby making it impossible to diagnose the cause of the detonation failure;
    3) addressable keys typically use a slow digital telemetry system for communication between keys and a control panel on the surface; this requires both good wired connections and a good ground connection for the switch, as the ground (cannon body) is used as a telemetry and power return; compared to an EB system, in which sufficient energy can often be sent from the surface to overcome
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 9/49
    6/27 corroded or poor grounding, digital telemetry systems are much more sensitive to these poor connections and a system of addressable switches can fail due to incorrect operation in the presence of a poor grounding;
    4) addressable switches, such as those described, are relatively complex and require a long time to install, typically with at least five wires, each of which needs to be connected by a crushing or other connector to prepare the switch ; these connections are typically: by wire from above; wired to the device (s) below; by detonator activation; by detonator grounding; and by key grounding; it is desirable to reduce the complexity of the installation as much as possible, especially considering the conditions in the field in which the installation may be taking place;
    5) addressable keys are expensive compared to conventional EB keys, and still need the use of a model-type EB key for effective operation, further increasing the cost of use;
    6) many addressable switches will include a removable short circuit, arranged to provide radio frequency (RF) immunity when the detonation switch is on the surface; this short circuit must be removed before the cannon column is operated on the bore; failure to remove the short circuit will mean that the cannon has blasting failure problems; it is possible that users may forget to remove the short circuit during installation, and once the gun column has been built, it may be impossible to check that the short circuit remains in place without activating the switch, which it will be extremely harmful as it can detonate explosive charges on the surface; and
    7) if addressable keys are used, two of these
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 10/49
    7/27 devices are needed very close to the lower end of the lowest gun, to start the laying tool and the lowest gun; there is often little room for this in the gun system, and hanging the printed circuit board from the addressable switch in the open space within the gun system can cause a short or damage to the connecting wires.
    [009] The present invention seeks to mitigate the problems mentioned above. Alternatively or in addition, the present invention seeks to provide an improved detonation switch. SUMMARY OF THE INNOVATION [0010] The present invention provides, according to a first aspect, a detonation key for a drill cannon with an EB key hole, the detonation key comprising:
    a body part configured to be located within the key hole EB; and an electronic addressable key mechanically coupled to the body part.
    [0011] The use of the term "drilling cannon" is used in the case presented above, and a person skilled in the art will understand that the term sub cannon is, in many cases, used interchangeably in the rest of the patent specification. The detonation switch can be configured for use in an EB key hole of a drill cannon or a drill cannon sub.
    [0012] The provision of the electronic addressable key, mechanically coupled with the body part, provides for easy installation of the detonation key in the drilling cannon. The electronic addressable key can be mechanically attached to the body part by a removable coupling, for example, a section hitch
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 11/49
    8/27 corresponding threads, or a bayonet fitting. Alternatively, the electronic addressable key can be mechanically coupled to the body part by a permanent coupling, for example, by white solder, solder or adhesive. The mechanical coupling of the body part with the electronic addressable key preferably provides a substantially rigid detonation key, so that the detonation key can be easily handled and installed as a single unit. The electronic addressable key is dimensioned so that it can be passed through one or into the key hole EB of a drill cannon, to locate the body part of the detonation key inside the key hole EB.
    [0013] The electronic addressable key may comprise a connection interface. The connection interface can be arranged to provide an easy and simple connection point for connecting the detonation switch. The connection to the electronic addressable key is intended to closely imitate that of a conventional EB key, thereby making the steps for connecting it almost identical to that for a conventional EB key and reducing the potential for human error. The connection of the electronic addressable key may comprise a cannon pass wire above (according to one for an EB key), a detonator activation wire (according to one for an EB key), and a connection to the device below (if necessary) by pin. solid originating from the lower end of the addressable key (according to one for an EB key). The connection can comprise no more than three wires in some embodiments of the invention. The only difference in the connection between an EB key and the electronic addressable key is the provision, at the top end of the electronic addressable key, of a positively grounded detonator ground wire. The electronic addressable key may comprise an entry line, a detonator detonation line, an
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 12/49
    9/27 detonator ground and an output link. The body part may comprise an output shaft. The input link can be connected to the output address of the electronic addressable key via one or more pass-through switches in series. Alternatively, the input link can be connected to the detonator using one or more keys, one or more keys on the detonator line, and the detonator ground connected to the grounded body part using one or more keys and one or more more detonator grounding switches. The body part may comprise an extended pin. The extended pin may comprise an output shaft. The electronic addressable key may comprise a male protrusion. The body part of the detonation key may comprise a female receiving part. The electronic addressable key can be connected to the body part by locating and securing the male protrusion within the female receiving part. The fixation may comprise the coupling of the corresponding threaded sections, or a bayonet type fitting, or other conventional fixing techniques known to those skilled in the art. It will also be understood that the male protrusion can be formed on the body part and on the female receiving part on the electronic addressable key. The entry line on the electronic addressable key can connect to the exit line of the body part through the mechanical connection, between the electronic addressable key and the body part.
    [0014] The electronic addressable key may comprise a microcontroller, for example, a PIC microcontroller. The microcontroller can control the operational aspects of the electronic addressable switch, including applying power to a detonator. Controlling the application of energy to a detonator may comprise a pulse amplitude modulation circuit. Those skilled in the art will understand that there are many types of controller
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 13/49
    10/27 electronic, logical, that can replace the microcontroller described above. The electronic addressable switch may comprise one or more electronically controlled short circuits. Short circuits can comprise one or more switches. The microcontroller can be configured to receive control signals from the input line to the electronic addressable switch. The microcontroller can be programmable to include a unique identifier, for example, a unique identifier code. Alternatively, the microcontroller can be programmable to be assigned an identifier by an external control device and to store the designated identifier. This arrangement allows for the simple configuration of a column of drill guns including detonation keys, once the column has been assembled.
    [0015] The body part may comprise an external surface with a thread. The threaded part of the outer surface can be configured to mate with a correspondingly threaded part of an EB hole. This correspondingly threaded part of the EB hole can, when used with a conventional EB wrench, usually be used to retain the EB key retaining nut. The positive ground can be configured to be connected both to the electronics of the electronic addressable switch, and subsequent to the detonator ground connection. This arrangement eliminates the need for a separate grounding point within the cannon body sub for the electronic addressable key, or detonator, or igniter, which is a common point of failure. The ground wire of the detonator, in a conventional EB switch system, can be connected to some, often poorly defined, metallic point within the gun system, which may or may not offer a low resistance grounding route. Therefore, the described arrangement has clear advantages over the techniques
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 14/49
    11/27 conventional grounding.
    [0016] The body part can include a nut. The nut can be arranged to engage the body part with the key hole EB on the sub of the cannon or the cannon. The nut, or other external surface of the body part, can be threaded. The threaded section can be configured to mate with a corresponding threaded section on the sub-cannon or drilling cannon. The body and nut can be formed from a single piece of material. For example, the body and nut can be forged or machined from metal. By providing the body part with an integrated nut, the time required to install the detonation key can be reduced. Additionally, the provision of an integrated sub can reduce the number of parts that need to be tracked, stored and / or provided by a user of the detonation key. The integrated nut can provide the detonation key with a positive ground connection for the drilling gun in which it is installed. Coupling the body part to the sub of the cannon or drill can land the detonation key.
    [0017] The body part can comprise one or more seals. The seals can be arranged to seal the EB key hole of a cannon sub or drill cannon, when located inside the EB key hole. This arrangement can be arranged so that the detonation of an adjacent drill gun does not flood the drill cannon above the location where the detonation switch is coupled.
    [0018] The detonation switch can be configured to be controlled using an addressable voltage switch. The use of an addressable voltage switch can control or otherwise limit the current and / or voltage that is or is sent to the detonation key. By providing this provision, you can reduce
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 15/49
    12/27 rated power requirements for the constituent components of the electronic addressable key. The reduction in nominal power may allow a smaller electronic addressable key to be provided, thereby making it possible to provide a detonation key as described, particularly, with reference to being able to be installed in a conventional EB key hole in a sub gun or a drill cannon.
    [0019] In accordance with a second aspect of the invention, there is also provided a drill cannon, the drill cannon comprising an EB key hole, and a detonation key located within, and coupled with, the EB key hole. , the detonation key according to the first aspect of the invention. [0020] According to a third aspect of the invention, a column of drill guns is provided, according to the second aspect of the invention, the column of drill guns electronically connected to, and controlled by an addressable voltage switch.
    [0021] In accordance with a fourth aspect of the invention, a column of downhole devices is provided, comprising: a seating tool with an igniter, and an adjacent drilling cannon with an electronic addressable detonation key, the detonation key electrically connected to, and arranged to control the igniter.
    [0022] The electronic addressable detonation switch may comprise one or more pass-through switches, arranged so that closing one or more pass-through switches allows current to pass from the drill barrel to the seating tool. The electronic addressable knock switch may comprise a knock switch according to the first aspect of the invention.
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 16/49
    According to a fifth aspect of the invention, a method of configuring a column of downhole tools is provided, the lowest downhole tool comprising a nesting tool with an igniter, and several cannons. drilling rig connected in sequence, each of the drill guns comprising an electronic addressable detonating switch connected to a detonator, the electronic addressable switch also electrically connected to the adjacent downhole tool by means of one or more pass-through switches in series, configuration method comprising the steps of:
    send an address signal to the topmost drill cannon detonation key, assigning that drill cannon address n;
    send a control signal to the top of the drill cannon detonation switch so that the pass switch is closed and the detonator switch electronically connected to the adjacent downhole tool;
    monitor the current variation as the pass switch is closed, and when the current variation indicates that the adjacent downhole tool comprises a drill cannon with a detonation key, send an address signal to the key detonation of the second topmost drill cannon, assigning that drill cannon the address n + T;
    repeat the steps presented above until the current variation, when the majority of one or more bottom passage switches are closed, indicate that the adjacent downhole tool is an igniter for a laying tool;
    apply a small voltage to the igniter to confirm the presence of the igniter; and indicate the address of the detonation key, adjacent as
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 17/49
    14/27 being the lowest detonation key and have it to control the igniter activation.
    [0024] The application of a small voltage to the igniter can be used to check that the predicted impedance has been detected.
    [0025] The current applied to the igniter of the seating tool can be significantly lower than the current required to activate the igniter, for example, 20%, 15%, 10% or 5% of the current required to activate the igniter. The igniter resistance can be approximately 52 ohm. The method may include the use of a test unit, arranged to apply precisely controlled voltages / currents to the various downhole tools. The controlled voltages / currents can be precisely limited to a small fraction of the voltage / current necessary to initiate a detonation event. The voltages / currents applied by the test unit can be significantly less than the voltage / current required to initiate a detonation event, for example, not more than 20%, 15%, 10% or 5% of the voltage / current required to initiate a blasting event.
    [0026] Once the tool column has been configured, and the lower drill cannon identified and addressed as such, the lower cannon detonation switch can be arranged so that a specific command is required to close the or the pass keys of that detonation key.
    [0027] According to a sixth aspect, the invention provides a method for initiating a detonation sequence for a cannon column, configured according to the fifth aspect of the invention, the method comprising the steps of:
    send a specific closing signal to the lower drill cannon detonation switch, so that the detonation switch passkey (s) are closed; and send
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    15/27 a detonation voltage for the igniter of the laying tool by the detonation key of the lowest drill cannon.
    [0028] It will, of course, be understood that the aspects described in relation to one aspect of the present invention can be incorporated into other aspects of the present invention. For example, the method of the invention can incorporate any of the aspects described with reference to the apparatus of the invention and vice versa.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0029] The embodiments of the present invention will be described only by means of examples with reference to the attached schematic drawings, in which:
    Figures 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B show schematic views of a detonation switch according to the prior art;
    Figure 3 shows a column of tools according to the prior art;
    Figure 4 shows an alternative tool column according to the prior art;
    Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a detonation switch, according to a first embodiment of the invention;
    Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the detonation key, according to the first embodiment of the invention;
    Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the detonation key before mechanically coupling the body part with the electronic addressable key;
    Figure 8 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the electronic addressable switch;
    Figure 9 shows a schematic representation of a column of four drill guns and a drilling tool.
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    16/27 settlement, according to a second embodiment of the invention; and Figure 10 shows the three top drill guns from the drill cannon column described with respect to Figure 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0030] Figures 1 to 4 have been described above in the background of the invention.
    A knock key [0031] Figure 5 shows a knock key 100 according to a first embodiment of the invention. The detonation key 100 comprises a body part 102, mechanically and rigidly coupled to an electronic addressable key 104. As can be seen, the body part and electronic addressable key 104 form a single substantially rigid part that is easy to install. The body part 102 comprises an approximately cylindrical outer surface 106, including a threaded section 108. A nut 110 is located towards one end of the body part 102, away from the end of the body part 102 mechanically coupled to the electronic addressable key 104 The nut 110 provides easy installation of the body part 102 into an EB key hole of a cannon sub or a drill cannon, by coupling the threaded part 108 with a corresponding threaded part of the EB key hole. An end pin 112 extends from the body part 102, away from the electronic addressable key 104, so that the distal end of end pin 112 extends beyond nut 110. End pin 112 includes a ring seal in The 114, taking the connection between the body part 102 and the end pin 114 waterproof. In an alternative arrangement, the seals can be replaced by molded sections, which make the connection between the body part 102 and the pin
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 20/49
    17/27 end 114 waterproof. The cylindrical outer surface 106 of the body part includes two O-ring seals 116, to seal the connection between the body part 102 and the key hole EB. The provision of the sealing arrangements allows a drill cannon, in which the detonation key is installed, to have a bi-directional pressure isolation. This allows the cannon sub or the drill cannon, in which the knock switch is installed, to be inspected in the event of a knock failure. Bidirectional pressure isolation protects the cannon sub or drilling cannon from well fluid inlet from both the top and bottom of the cannon sub or the drilling cannon. Therefore, if a drill cannon is detonated, the inner part of the present drill cannon remains unflooded. So, for example, if the drill cannon detonates failure, it is possible to investigate the cause of the detonation failure when the drill cannon returns to the surface.
    [0032j The electronic addressable key 104 comprises a printed circuit board 118 with a connecting part 120. The connecting part 120 comprises a threaded protrusion 122, which is configured to be located and coupled within a corresponding, threaded receiving part of the body 102. The connection part 120 includes an input line for the electronic addressable key 104. The end pin 112 provides an output line for the detonation key 100. The connection part 120 therefore provides a simple and quick connection of the electronic addressable key 104 with the body part 102 both mechanically and electrically. The connection between the electronic addressable key 104 and the body part 102 also provides a ground for the electronic addressable key.
    [0033] Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the
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    18/27 detonation 100, wherein the body part 102 and the electronic addressable key 104 are mechanically coupled with each other.
    [0034] Figure 7 shows the electronic addressable key before being screwed into the body part 102.
    [0035] Figure 8 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the electronic addressable key 104. The electronic addressable key 104 comprises a printed circuit board with the arrangement shown in Figure 8. The electronic addressable key 104 is controlled by serial communications from a panel on the surface by a single conductive connection line. When instructed by the panel on the surface, the electronic addressable key will allow the operator to communicate with the next key on the column or activate a detonator (or igniter). The electronic addressable key 104 is connected to the connection line by a line in connection 802, and the armature of the connection line is used as a return connection. Direct current (DC) energy and serial communications are sent over the connection line. Two outlets are provided, both using the connecting line armature as the return connection to the surface. Output line 804 is used to route input line 802 to the next electronic addressable key in the column. The detonator output (Det Out) 104 is controlled by the electronic addressable switch 104, to activate a detonator 808 connected between Det Out 806 and the detonator ground connection.
    [0036] Several subcircuits are shown in Figure 8. A PIC 810 microcontroller controls the operation of the electronic addressable key 104. The microcontroller 810 continuously samples the inline voltage applied to the electronic addressable key 104 to detect surface communications. Upon receiving a valid communications packet from the surface, it activates the COMS TX 812 circuit to provide a response to the surface, and then adjusts its outputs to force the
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    19/27 several key subcircuits within the electronic addressable key, to change their active states to those required by the surface control. An 814 PSU regulates the voltage in line to provide a stable low voltage for the control circuitry. The CMOS TX 812 converts the low voltage output of microcontroller 810 into line current variations, to provide serial communications from the electronic addressable key 104 to the equipment on the surface.
    [0037] An output line switch 816 comprises a normally open MOFSET switch, which is used to cause the channel to pass through, or open in, the module. The output line switch 816 is controlled by the microcontroller.
    [0038] A first ARM SW1 818 armature switch, comprising a normally open MOFSET switch, allows line voltage to be applied to detonator 808. To close switch 818, microcontroller 810 applies an alternating current (AC) logic signal. . A second ARM SW2 820 armature switch comprises a normally closed MOFSET switch. Switch 820, when closed, short-circuits the two detonator wires to prevent it from being detonated due to a faulty condition or radio frequency interference (RF). Switch 820 has a very low impedance when in the closed position. When opened, the voltage in Hnha can be applied to detonator 808. To open switch 820, microcontroller 810 applies an AC logic signal. A third ARM SW3 822 armature switch comprises a normally open MOFSET switch. Closing this switch 822 allows line voltage to be applied to detonator 808. To close switch 822, microcontroller 810 applies a pulse amplitude modulated logic signal to control the speed at which switch 822 is closed.
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 23/49
    20/27 [0039] The electronic addressable key 104 will be activated with all subkeys in their basic states. If the electronic addressable key 104 has been assigned an address, it will respond and command actions at that address. If the electronic addressable key 104 has not allocated an address, it will only respond to global (system) commands. Once the detonation switch is activated and configured, the equipment on the surface will be able to close the 816 output line switch or initiate the detonator detonation process. To detonate a detonator, the electronic addressable switch must have the output line switch 816 open and receive a series of three surface commands, followed by an increase in line voltage greater than 10 V, within a specific time after receiving the first detonation command. If these criteria are not met, the electronic addressable key 104 will pause and return to a safe state, which requires the entire detonation sequence to be repeated. If all the detonation criteria have been met, the electronic addressable key 104 will initiate the detonation process. The process will begin with closing the ARM SW1 818 switch, followed by opening the ARM SW2 820 switch. Once these two tasks have been completed, the electronic addressable key 104 will then gradually close the ARM SW3 switch, to allow the detonator voltage 808 increase at the rate of change of the pre-programmed output until it reaches the line voltage. Once the line voltage has been reached, the ARM3 SW 822 switch will be entirely closed allowing any variations in line voltage to appear by the detonating switch 808. The electronic addressable switch 104 will remain in this state until it is deactivated or the initiator be detonated.
    A tool column [0040] Figure 9 is a schematic representation of a column
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    21/27 of four drill guns, according to a second embodiment of the invention, and a laying tool. The seating tool 900 comprises an igniter 904. The igniter 904 is connected to, and controlled by, an electronic addressable key 104 from the adjacent drill barrel 906. The igniter 904 is also grounded in the body of the seating tool 900. The bottom drill barrel 900 is connected to the adjacent drill barrel 906. All remaining drill guns are of identical construction, so the description of drill gun 906 can be applied to all drill guns 908, 910 and 912.
    [0041] Drill gun 906 comprises an electronic addressable key 909, mechanically and rigidly connected to a body part 911. The electronic addressable key 909 includes an interface with an input line 913, an output line of detonator 914 a line detonator 916 grounding line. The detonator 914 exit line extends to a detonator 918. Drill gun 906 also comprises an exit line 920, which extends from a pin protruding from the body part 911. The addressable key electronics 909 is configured to be protected by an addressable voltage switch 922 at the top of the gun column. The cannon column is arranged to be controlled by a panel on the surface 924. The basic function of the electronic addressable detonation switch 909 is to pass the current that will enter the key through the entry line 913 in the downhole cannon 902, adjacent, or pass the current that will enter the entry line 913 in the detonator 918 through the line of the detonator 914.
    A test and configuration method [0042] Before any of the detonation switches can be addressed by any equipment on the surface, equipped with
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 25/49
    22/27 a power source of sufficient capacity to trigger a detonator or an igniter, the addresses must be programmed for each detonation switch and, in doing so, the correct connection of each confirmed detonator switch. Addresses are allocated using a test box on the surface, and only by using the test box on the surface. This is because if a cannon is connected incorrectly, a panel on the surface may inadvertently fire a detonator, due to the connection failure, if said panel on the surface is capable of transmitting enough energy to detonate a detonator (the typical minimum required current is 200 bad). The surface test box, however, is designed with multiple separate current limiting circuits, each operating on a different principle. The absolute current, which can be supplied by the test box on the surface, is limited to half the minimum required to detonate a detonator (ie 100 mA), but during the test stage of a column of detonation switches, according to with the invention, the current is automatically limited slightly (10 mA) to more than the various connected detonation switches will need at any given time, so the maximum current, which can be applied to an improperly connected detonator is 10 mA .
    [0043] By ensuring that the first powered device, connected to a blank cannon column, is one that not only performs a fully automatic check of the entire cannon column connection, but is also one that cannot detonate a detonator, ensures It is noted that once a panel, with the energy capacity to detonate a detonator, is connected, the entire connection has been confirmed to be correct.
    [0044] The sequence for checking, confirming and configuring a blank cannon column, using a test box on the surface, is:
    1. connect the test box on the surface to the cannon further in
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 26/49
    Top 23/27;
    2. activate the test box on the surface, which automatically runs a series of autonomous tests to confirm that the current limiting circuits are operating correctly;
    3. automatically adjust the current limit of the test box on the surface in all current limit circuits programmable to 1 x the addressable detonation switch plus the tolerance (approximately 4 mA + 10 mA);
    4. connect the test box output to the surface in order to energize the first detonation switch (note - all detonation pass switches are set to be OPEN by default, so that the bottom pin of the first detonator switch detonation is at that point disconnected from the second device in the column);
    5. check that the current is the one predicted, otherwise, displaying an alert for the operator;
    6. execute a communications check on the first detonation key;
    7. assign address 101 to the first detonation key;
    8. command the detonation switch with address 101 to perform a detonator test using its pulse amplitude modulation circuitry;
    9. the detonation key with address 101 sends back the data indicating the status of the output lines of its detonator;
    10. if the knock switch with address 101 passes all tests, increase the programmable current limits by 1 x the knock switch;
    11. command the detonation key with address 101 to close your passkey;
    12. go to step 5 and repeat (assigning addresses 102,
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 27/49
    24/27
    103, etc.) until a detonation switch indicates excess current (4 mA <10 mA), when its pass switch is closed (or until a fault condition is detected);
    13. assuming that no fault condition was detected, in detecting a higher current for the lower pin of a detonation switch, command the detonation switch to execute a check on the igniter using its pulse amplitude modulation circuitry;
    14. Detonation key 10 [X] comes back with the status information of your igniter's check; if the check is to be passed, then the detonation key is programmed as the last device, igniter attached and will subsequently close its passkey only with a specific panel command on the surface; and
    15. the test unit on the surface is de-energized and removed.
    [0045] Once all devices have been programmed, communication can be established with the column (once at a safe depth in the well), using a panel on the appropriate surface.
    [0046] Figure 10 shows the three top drill guns in the drill cannon column, described with reference to Figure 9, including an addressable voltage switch 922. An installation process and an operational method are described below.
    [0047] The addressable voltage switch 922 is arranged to be compatible for disposition with several panel control units on the surface 924.
    [0048] The addressable voltage switch is used when the cannon column is placed at the bottom of the well, to limit the energy applied to the detonation switches at the bottom of the well. Sometimes up to 500 V can
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 28/49
    25/27 be applied by the panel to the surface. To allow for losses in the resistive cable at the bottom of the well, the observed bottom-of-well voltage can be reduced to between 50 V and 100 V. However, once the detonator has been detonated, the charge is removed and the voltage at the bottom well may increase to a significant proportion of the applied surface tension. The use of an addressable voltage switch almost instantly limits the voltage applied to the detonation switches to a maximum of 100 V, which allows the components constituting the detonation switches to be classified as being at a lower voltage than they would otherwise be. way, possible.
    A detonation method [0049] To detonate the column of drill cannons, a command is sent to the highest detonation key 912, instructing that detonation key next to your passkey. This applies energy to the next 910 drill cannon in the column. The detonation switch on the 910 drill cannon is instructed to close its passkey, and thus energy is sent to the column until it reaches the lowest detonation key on the column. The lowest of the detonation switches are then instructed to close their switch and increase the voltage controlled by pulse amplitude modulation, until the voltage applied to the igniter is equal to the line voltage at the bottom of the well. The surface tension is then increased until the igniter is started. The power is then cut off by the panel on the surface, thereby opening all the pass keys. The detonation switches are then all sequentially energized again by connecting the input line to the lower pin, except for the last detonating switch in the column, which has no power connected to its lower pin. The lowest detonation switch is commanded to open its detonation shortening switch, close to the two detonator inline switches and to increase
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 29/49
    26/27 the voltage controlled by pulse amplitude modulation, until the voltage applied to the associated detonator 904 is equal to the line voltage at the bottom of the well. The surface tension is then increased until the detonator is started. The set of PWM circuits is included, because the detonation switches are closed instantly, as there is already voltage on the 912 detonation switch, there is a risk that the detonator will draw enough current to cause a power failure (restoration induced by low voltage) detonation switch. To avoid this, as described above, detonation switch 912 includes a set of circuits for pulse amplitude modulation to accumulate voltage in the detonator for a short time, thereby allowing the surface system to increase the surface tension to maintain step with, and compensate for, voltage drops across the connecting line.
    [0050] Once the first 900 device has been detonated, the same process can be used to detonate any of the remaining drill guns. As an address has been allocated to each of the keys, it is possible for the surface panel to send a detonation signal to any of the addressable detonation keys when necessary. Also, because detonating a drill cannon does not flood adjacent cannons, it may be possible to skip a device in the detonation sequence, for example, in the event of a detonator failure to detonate.
    [0051] Although the present invention has been described and illustrated with reference to particular embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention itself entails many different variations not specifically illustrated in the present specification.
    [0052] When in the preceding description, whole numbers or elements are mentioned, which are already known equivalents,
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 30/49
    27/27 obvious or predictable, then these equivalents are incorporated into this specification as if they were presented individually. Reference should be made to the claims to determine the true scope of the present invention, which should be considered to encompass any such equivalents. A reader will also understand that whole numbers or features of the invention, which are described as preferable, advantageous, convenient or similar, are optional and do not limit the scope of the independent claims. Furthermore, it should be understood that such integers or optional features, while of possible benefit in some embodiments of the invention, may be undesirable and may therefore be absent in other embodiments.
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [1]
    1/4
    1. Detonation key for a drill cannon with an EB key hole, the detonation key characterized by the fact that it comprises:
    a body part configured to be located within the EB key hole; and an electronic addressable key mechanically coupled to the body part.
    [2]
    2. Detonation key, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the electronic addressable key is mechanically coupled to the body part by a removable mechanical coupling.
    [3]
    3. Detonation key, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the electronic addressable key is mechanically coupled to the body part by a permanent mechanical coupling.
    [4]
    4. Detonation switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the mechanical coupling of the body part and the electronic addressable switch provides a substantially rigid detonation switch.
    [5]
    5. Detonation switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the electronic addressable switch comprises a connection interface.
    [6]
    6. Detonation switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the electronic addressable switch comprises an input line, a detonator detonation line and a detonator ground line.
    [7]
    7. Detonation switch according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the electronic addressable switch comprises a male protrusion, and the
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 32/49
    2/4 body part of the detonation key comprises a female receiving part, with the male protrusion of the electronic addressable key being mechanically coupled to the female receiving part of the body part.
    [8]
    8. Detonation switch according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the mechanical coupling of the male protrusion and the female receiving part is by coupling the corresponding threaded sections.
    [9]
    9. Detonation switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that an input line for the electronic addressable switch connects to an output line of the body part through the mechanical connection between the electronic addressable switch and the body part.
    [10]
    10. Detonation switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the electronic addressable switch comprises a microcontroller.
    [11]
    11. Detonation switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the electronic addressable switch comprises one or more electronically controlled short circuits.
    [12]
    12. Detonation switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the body part includes a nut.
    [13]
    13. Detonation switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the body part comprises one or more seals.
    [14]
    14. Detonation switch according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the detonation switch is configured to be controlled by a panel on the surface.
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 33/49
    3/4
    [15]
    15. Drill gun, characterized by the fact that it comprises an EB key hole and a detonation key, located inside and coupled with the EB key hole, the detonation key as defined in claim 1.
    [16]
    16. Drill cannon column, the drill cannons as defined in claim 15, characterized by the fact that the drill cannon column is electronically connected to, and controlled by, an addressable voltage switch.
    [17]
    17. Downhole device column, characterized by the fact that it comprises: a nesting tool with an igniter, and an adjacent drill cannon with an electronic addressable detonation key, the detonation key electrically connected to, and arranged for control the igniter.
    [18]
    18. Method of setting up a downhole tool seating, the lowest downhole tool comprising a seating tool with an igniter, and a plurality of drill guns connected sequentially, all drill guns comprising a key electronic addressable detonator connected to a detonator, the electronic addressable key also electrically connected to the adjacent downhole tool by means of a through switch, the configuration method characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps of:
    send an address signal to the topmost drill cannon detonation key, assigning that drill cannon address n;
    send a control signal to the top of the drill cannon detonation switch so that the pass switch is closed and the detonator switch electronically connected to the adjacent downhole tool;
    Petition 870190028318, of 03/25/2019, p. 34/49
    4/4 monitor the current variation as the passage switch is closed, and when the current variation indicates that the adjacent downhole tool comprises a drill cannon with a detonation key, send a address to the detonation switch of the second topmost cannon, assigning that cannon the address n + 1;
    repeat the steps above until the current variation, when most of the bottom passage switch is closed, indicate that the adjacent downhole tool is a seating tool;
    apply a small voltage to the igniter of the seating tool to confirm the presence of the igniter; and indicate the address of the adjacent detonation key as the lowest detonation key and have it available to control igniter activation.
    [19]
    19. Method of initiation of a detonation sequence for a cannon column according to claim 18, the method characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps of:
    send a specific closing signal to the lower drill cannon detonation switch so that the detonation switch pass switch is closed; and sending a detonation voltage to the igniter of the seating tool via the detonation key of the lowest drill cannon.
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