巴西专利BR112018001790B1 Firearm cartridge and manufacturing method

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专利摘要:
FIREGUN CARTRIDGE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD. A housing (220) for use in a cartridge for a firearm comprises a sleeve (222) and an attached base (224). The sleeve has a cylindrical portion with a mouth for holding a bullet and an opposite bulkhead (226) from which a mouthpiece (228) extends. A lip (234) that decreases radially in thickness and has curved surface portions forms a first sealing region (41). Preferably, a second sealing zone (39) is close to the bulkhead. A bulkhead (226) comprises a circumferential wave or rib (250). A sleeve is preferably made of austenitic stainless steel and has differential hardness and magnetic properties along the length of the sleeve, with a lower hardness mouthpiece.
公开号:BR112018001790B1
申请号:R112018001790-6
申请日:2016-07-27
公开日:2022-02-01
发明作者:Anthony Viggiano；Volodymyr Drobockyi
申请人:Shell Shock Technologies LLC；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to cartridges for firearms, in particular to ammunition casings. FUNDAMENTALS
[0002] In the field of firearms, cartridges of ammunition (also called shells of ammunition) contain powder, which, when ignited, propels a bullet through the barrel of a pistol towards a target. Prior art cartridges, particularly those for use with small arms, generally comprise a casing made of forged bronze. A propellant, typically non-smoked explosive powder, is contained within the housing and is ignited by impacting a firing pin of the pistol's breech block into a primer which is fitted into a recess in the base of the housing.
[0003] A cartridge relevant to the present invention comprises a generally cylindrical housing with a substantially closed end, called here the base end, and an opposite open end, often called the mouth. The open end of the mouth receives a bullet after the propellant is placed in the concavity of the casing; and the casing is tightened as needed around the bullet to hold it in place. The base end of the casing typically has a groove or groove to allow the casing to be gripped by grips on the firing mechanism of a pistol. The base end generally comprises a larger diameter flange portion that acts as a stop, limiting the depth of insertion of the cartridge into the pistol barrel chamber.
[0004] In prior art cartridges consisting of forged metal shells (typically brass cartridge), the base end that holds the primer is integral with the sleeve portion that holds the bullet. Typically, the sleeve is internally tapered (with the largest diameter at the open end), attributable to the metal fabrication process by which the cartridge is formed. The wall thickness near the base can be several times the wall thickness at the mouth end. Sometimes a casing has a decrease in diameter in the vicinity of the open end, where the bullet is captured.
[0005] The outer surface of the base of the typical cartridge has a recess within which is contained a percussion initiator which contains a small amount of impact sensitive explosive powder. Typically, the primer is in the center of the base and comprises an internal anvil that is supported during the firing process to the end of the recess. There is a small passageway through the base, often called a vent or spark hole, allowing gases from the ignited initiators to pass through the base and into the concavity of the housing, ignite the impeller.
[0006] A cartridge necessarily slips into a chamber in the barrel of the pistol for which it is intended. A cartridge is typically inserted and held in place by the breech block (so called a slide or bolt), which typically has one or more jaws to grip the groove in the lip of the housing's base. When the primer is hit by the firing pin inside the pistol's breech block, the propellant explosively transforms into gas and forces the cartridge's bullet down the bore of the pistol's barrel. In that process, the pressure of the ignited propellant gas expands the cartridge housing radially outwardly, desirably creating a seal against escaping gas across the clearance region of the housing's sliding fit with the chamber. Then the casing hopefully relaxes, moving radially inward towards its original dimension, allowing the used cartridge casing to be easily removed. A casing is often removed from the chamber, retracting the action of the breech block which pulls the flute; or by the force of the pressurized gases in the housing in coordination with the backward movement of the breech block. After ejection from the breech area, a shell can often be recycled by replacing the primer and powder and installing a new bullet.
[0007] Good cartridges have a number of characteristics. They must be strong enough to withstand the pressure of deflagration gases as we have just discussed. They must be configured to make a seal with the pistol chamber during the firing of a bullet. They must have increased durability and integrity, including the ability to withstand potential rough handling prior to placement in a firearm and the ability to be reworked and reloaded. They must be corrosion resistant. Traditionally, brass alloy cartridges had worked well.
[0008] Common and widely used traditional casing brass is an expensive alloy compared to various iron and aluminum alloys and of course compared to plastic. However, alternative materials such as steels, aluminum alloys and plastics are less favorable on the market, usually due to perceived deficiencies in the above characteristics.
[0009] Other inventors have described a variety of alternative cartridge constructions and materials. For example, cartridges can be made in whole or in part from plastics and metals in addition to brass. The casing can be made of plastic or paper and attached to a metal base (as is common for shotgun shells). The housing can be made in the form of a sleeve with a nozzle end that is inserted into a passage in a base that runs into a primer, and the nozzle is flared radially, to hold the two parts together. For reference see the following publications: US Patent Milbank 125,830; US Horn Patent 3,688,699; US Patent Skochko 3,765,297; US Anderson Patent 3,977,326; US Horn Patent 3,688,699; US Patent Publications Dittrich 2007/0214992 and 2008091245 and US Patent Publication Neugebauer 2014/0224144. Based on the absence of the market for most, if not all previous types of shells and cartridges, it would seem that further improvements are needed.
[00010] There is always a desire for a lower cost cartridge, particularly for small arms cartridges that are used in large quantities. And there is always an ongoing desire to improve cartridge performance. For example, for any particular caliber of cartridge, it is generally desirable to maximize the volume within which the powder is contained. It is desirable, for economic and environmental reasons, to collect the spent casings that are expelled from a pistol after firing. When casings are made of brass or plastic, it basically means using visual or optical means. Another need is to differentiate between cartridges that have the same external appearance, such as cartridges of the same size with different powder charges. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[00011] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a typical prior art cartridge with the bullet shown in ghost.
[00012] Fig. 2 is a partial cross-section of the base end of a prior art casing.
[00013] Fig. 3 is an exploded view of a housing of the present invention together with an initiator.
[00014] Fig. 4 is a cross-section through one embodiment of the housing shown in Fig. 3.
[00015] Fig. 5 is a longitudinal cross-section through a housing.
[00016] Fig. 6 is a more detailed sectional view of the base shown in Fig. 5.
[00017] Fig. 7 is a partial-length cross-section through the housing of Fig. 5, showing how the glove is attached to the base.
[00018] Fig. 7A is a partial longitudinal cross-section of a sleeve showing a chamfer at the tip of a nozzle.
[00019] Fig. 7B is a view like Fig. 7A , showing an alternate embodiment glove.
[00020] Fig. 7C is a partial longitudinal cross-section of a sleeve within a base, showing the sealing regions.
[00021] Fig. 7D is a longitudinal cross-section of an edge portion of a mouthpiece of a sleeve.
[00022] Fig. 7E is like Fig. 7D, showing an alternate configuration lip.
[00023] Fig. 8 is a lengthwise cross-section through a housing with a sleeve having a circumferential wave around the bulkhead.
[00024] Fig. 9 is a cross-section along the length of a sleeve with a wave in the bulkhead.
[00025] Fig. 10 is a partial lengthwise cross-section of a glove having two waves on the bulkhead.
[00026] Fig. 10A is a lengthwise cross-section of a glove having an alternate wave.
[00027] Fig. 11 is a partial cross-section of a base and the adjacent sleeve, showing a space near the mouthpiece.
[00028] Fig. 12 is an illustration showing different stages of sleeve formation of a casing.
[00029] Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a primer known in the prior art.
[00030] Fig. 14 is a partial cross-section of a housing base showing how a primer is snap-fitted into the recess in the base.
[00031] Fig. 15 is a view like Fig. 14 showing a primer inserted into the recess of a base.
[00032] Fig. 16 is a lengthwise cross-section of a housing of the present invention.
[00033] Fig. 17 is a lengthwise cross-section of a prior art housing. SUMMARY
[00034] An object of the invention is to provide a cartridge use in a firearm, which is improved with respect to being light and economical to manufacture, corrosion resistant, resistant to damage in handling, which accommodates primers currently in use and suitable for charging after use. Another objective is to have a cartridge comprising a housing that is attracted by a magnet to allow for improved collection of spent housings. An object of the present invention is to make a lower cost cartridge, particularly for small arms, that is equal to or better than prior art cartridges.
[00035] In embodiments of the invention, a cartridge for a firearm comprises a housing. In one embodiment, a housing comprises a sleeve which is secured to a base by means of a hollow mouthpiece extending from a bulkhead at one end of the sleeve and which is secured in a passageway through the base. The opposite longitudinal end of the sleeve is cylindrical and comprises a mouth for holding a bullet or other closure. A recess in the passage receives an initiator. The sleeve bulkhead contacts or is intimately disposed on the first surface of the base. The terminal end of the mouthpiece shoots out as a lip that fits sealingly with a shoulder of the recess. In one embodiment of the housing, there are two seals within the passage, along the length of the mouthpiece, one near the bulkhead and one at the lip/ledge; and the seals are spaced by a conical cylindrical void around the mouthpiece.
[00036] In another embodiment of the invention, the terminal end of the nozzle which comprises a flange has, in the cross section of the housing, a special shape: (a) a first side of the flange is in contact with the shoulder, which is preferably run at 90 degrees to the length of the housing; and (b) a second side (which faces the initiator) is contoured and thinner at the outer edge of the lip than closer to the passage (spark hole) through the nozzle. The second side of the lip is contacted by the anvil legs of the initiator in an advantageous manner and allows for an increased spark hole diameter.
[00037] In other embodiments of the invention, the bulkhead has one or more depressions on the side that mates with the end of the base, preferably there are one or more circular waves or ribs centered on the longitudinal axis and the nozzle. The wave creates a depression and space between the bulkhead and the base surface with which the bulkhead is in contact, and a raised region in the powder-retaining concavity of the sleeve. The bulkhead is not attached or interlocked with the base, except at the mouthpiece. Thus, the wave allows the bulkhead to expand radially during the pressure transient associated with the firing of a bullet, in a sealed manner to contact the chamber bore and decrease stresses that would otherwise cause premature failure. One embodiment of the housing has a base with a surface the same diameter as the bulkhead abutting it and the flute is spaced from said base surface.
[00038] In another embodiment, the housing is made of an austenitic stainless steel with the special character of becoming magnetic when cold worked. The sleeve has a cylindrical mouth wall portion of a first hardness and a first permeability, a bulkhead with a lower hardness and permeability, and a mouthpiece with a lower hardness and permeability. Thus, the lip holding the sleeve fixed to the base can be formed, while the cylindrical part of the casing will be attracted to a magnet, thus facilitating the recovery of worn casings. And the base is preferably made of an aluminum alloy which has a lower hardness than any part of the glove.
[00039] Different combinations of the above modalities are useful. The present invention also comprises the method of making a housing and a cartridge having the desired characteristics described above.
[00040] A cartridge with a housing of the present invention fulfills the objects of the invention. The housing is stronger than prior art brass cartridge housings by which it is replaceable. A wrapper has increased volume that allows for the use of powder that burns more slowly. A casing is exceptionally durable and resists fatigue failure. It can be reloaded and fired many times longer than a conventional cartridge. The foregoing and other features and advantages will be fully appreciated from the more detailed disclosure that follows and the associated drawings. DESCRIPTION
[00041] Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art housing 19 having a central length axis C; the housing comprises a cylindrical glove-like portion 21 which is most often integral with the base 23. The glove 21 has an open end or muzzle 33. A bullet 23, shown in phantom, is frictionally held in the muzzle 52. of the sleeve after the propellant is placed inside the inner cavity of the housing. In a conventional 9 mm cartridge, the bullet will set about 0.9 inch (4.8 mm) deep inside the end of the sleeve.
[00042] Fig. 2 is a partial longitudinal cross-section through the lower end of a casing 19A, such as casings which are familiarly made of brass. The base portion 23A has a cylindrical recess 27A at the end, which is molded to receive a push-fit initiator. Passage 29A, often called a spark or vent hole, runs between recess 27A and inner recess 31A of the housing sleeve. Portion 21A of housing 19A has a cylindrical outer surface wall that increases in thickness with distance from the mouth and in proximity to base portion 23A. This change in thickness is usually attributable to limitations in the manufacturing process used; it may also be necessary to provide increased wall force near the base portion, to resist deformation or failure due to the high pressure generated within the casing during the firing of a bullet. Likewise, there is an inner rounded corner 15A where the cylindrical portion meets the base. Other projectiles and closures can be used to contain gunpowder in casings, for example fillers can be used in the so-called blank round. In this description, any enclosure closure must be within the scope of the term "bullet".
[00043] Fig. 3 is an exploded view of an embodiment of the housing 20 of the present invention, in combination with an initiator 47. The housing comprises two mating parts: sleeve 22 and base 24 centered on the longitudinal axis C. Passage 30 runs through the base to receive the sleeve nozzle 28. At the proximal end of the base, the passage has a larger diameter, namely the recess 32, to receive the cylindrical primer 47 with a snap fit. The base 24 has a groove 46, also called an extraction groove.
[00044] Fig. 4 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of an assembled housing 20 comprising a sleeve 22 which has been secured to the base 24 by deforming the mouthpiece 28 of the sleeve. With reference to both Figs. 3 and 4, before being coupled with the base, the sleeve 22 has an elongated cylindrical portion and a first end 52 shaped to receive and hold a bullet. End 52 is often called the mouth of the casing. At the opposite end of the sleeve, the nozzle 28 extends from the inlet bulkhead 26. As formed prior to coupling with the base, the nozzle 28 has an open end 54. When the two parts 22, 24 are coupled together, so that the nozzle is inside passage 30, the open end of the nozzle is flared outward to form lip 34 so as to hold the sleeve in the base.
[00045] Some aspects of the present invention relate to the mechanical configurations of the housing and its components, in which the materials do not necessarily have a unique combination of desirable properties. Mechanical configurations of embodiments of the invention include how the sleeve and base are molded and how they mate together. In summary: A sleeve has a cylindrical wall portion of almost constant thickness, a bulkhead portion which optionally has a wave (annular rib) and the terminal end of the nozzle shoots out into the base to form a lip, thus maintaining the glove at the base. The lip has a surface shape that is suitable for supporting the primer. The casing of the invention has a greater interior volume compared to prior art casings of the same outer size.
[00046] Although cartridges and casings having the above features can be made using various materials, embodiments of the present invention involve materials with special properties and combinations of properties. In summary: Embodiments of the present invention comprise a sleeve that is made of an austenitic stainless steel that is hardened and magnetic, and the base is made of a softer metal, such as aluminum base alloy.
[00047] The mechanical aspects of the invention are first concentrated in the following description. A housing of the present invention can be made from different materials and material combinations. Preferably, as discussed in more detail below, a sleeve is made of austenitic stainless steel with a martensitic microstructure and the base is a forged aluminum alloy.
[00048] Fig. 5 shows the housing 120, consisting of a sleeve 122 and base 124, centered on the longitudinal axis C. The sleeve 122 has an open end 152 for receiving a bullet, a thick cylindrical wall 138, and a bulkhead 126 that largely closes off the end of the sleeve that is close to the base surface. Reference is also made to Fig. 6 and to Fig. 7. Elements in different modalities that have a number that shares the last two digits with another element number are of the same name and elements of substantially the same function.
[00049] With reference to the partial cross-section of the base 124 in Fig. 6, the base has a circumferential region, or shoulder 144, where the recess 132 of the passage 130 transitions into the passage 156. The surface of the shoulder 144 is preferably perpendicular to the length axis C, optionally slanted. Engagement of lip 134 with lip 144 helps secure the sleeve to the base, and the lip forms a seal with the lip to prevent or inhibit flow from the primer region into any space that exists between the outside of the nozzle and the nozzle bore. pass 156.
[00050] During the manufacture of a housing, the sleeve mouthpiece 128 is placed in the base passage 130 and is flared radially outward to engage the shoulder 144, as indicated by the phantom and arrow D in Fig. 7, to form lip 134. Preferably, as shown in Fig. 7A, the nozzle tip is heavily beveled prior to insertion of the nozzle into a base passage. Alternatively, the tip can be thinned by chamfering into the hole in the mouthpiece. The chamfering and forming processes result in an edge that decreases in thickness in the outward direction, ie with radial distance from centerline C. See Fig. 7C. Fig. 7D and Fig. 7E are detailed cross-sections showing the longitudinal cross-sections of a portion of the nozzle and the shape of the rim arrangements. The lip 34 has a surface that is continuously curved. The lip 434 has a surface having curved interior and exterior portions and a plane on the surface 277.
[00051] In the invention, when the sleeve is viewed in longitudinal cross-section, a preferred lip has a curved surface portion over the lip surface facing towards the end of the base which has the recess for a primer. The opposite side is sealed over a shoulder in the base passage. Again, a preferred glove has an edge that is thinner at the edge rim or outer edge than where the mouthpiece begins to run down the base passage in combination with a fully or partially curved surface. An advantage of the thinner outer edge and curved second surface will be appreciated below in the description relating to Fig. 15.
[00052] A preferred glove comprises a mouthpiece which is particularly capable of being flared to the desired shape and sealing effect. Beveling the nozzle tip or end-end and elongating during firing achieves the desired configuration. As described below, effective sealing is also a result of the choice of preferred material and manufacturing process, which results in differential properties along the length of the nozzle within a base. In particular, preferably, the nozzle tip is softer than the rest of the sleeve, which has a desired combination of high hardness, high strength and magnetic character.
[00053] As described above, in connection with FIG. 14 and Fig 15, in a subsequent manufacturing step, a primer is pressed into the recess 132, which has a chamfer 142 to facilitate such placement. The initiator has an internal anvil whose feet rest on the edge of the glove.
[00054] Although the shoulder over which the flange is flared is preferably at 90 degrees to the axis of the length of the base and casing, in alternative embodiments the shoulder is frusto-conical in shape. In such a case, a thin rim lip may present as a surface that is 90 degrees to the length axis. In another alternative embodiment of the invention, the lip has a substantially constant thickness. To realize this embodiment, when first formed, the nozzle may have little or no bevel at its terminal end, and during the firing or bead forming process, material at the nozzle end is collected and otherwise worked properly by one or more training tools.
[00055] In one embodiment of the invention, a mouthpiece may slide into the passageway 156 and there is only a first seal associated with the lip 134. Preferably, there is a second seal between the mouthpiece and the base within the passageway 156, most preferably in the vicinity of the bulkhead.
[00056] Fig. 7C shows a portion of a housing having desirable first and second seals. The first seal 41 runs circularly between the lip 34 and the shoulder of the base. The second seal at position 39 is substantially cylindrical. When a tapered mouthpiece or a mouthpiece with respect to the mouthpiece shown in Fig. 7B is pressed into the passage, and the terminal end of the nozzle is widened, the housing is characterized by a very thin void 43, i.e., a region where there has not been an interlocking of one surface with another. Space 43, which is exaggerated in size for purposes of illustration, circumscribes the mouthpiece near the first seal and tends to be in the form of a tapered thin-walled cylinder. Having a void 43 ensures that a good seal is achieved at location 39 and helps ensure that when pressed into a base passage, the mouthpiece end is located correctly and can be formed properly to make a lip 34.
[00057] In one way of constructing a housing with the two joints spaced apart, the passage 156 is of constant diameter and the outside of the nozzle is tapered. With reference to the sleeve 222 in Fig. 9, the outer surface of the mouthpiece 228 tapers inwardly with the distance from the bulkhead 126 at angle B. Angle B is between 0 degrees and 10 degrees, preferably between 1 and 3 degrees. The nozzle base diameter (closest to the bulkhead) is sized relative to the opening of passage 156 in surface 136 so that there is a 0.002 to 0.005 inch (0.05 to 0.13 mm) interference or press fit. ).
[00058] Fig. 7B shows the alternative sleeve embodiment 422 having a circumscribed rib 445 on the mouthpiece 428, the purpose of which is to improve the performance of forming the second seal 39. The rib has an internal. The nozzle may alternatively be tapered or substantially constant in outside diameter. In other embodiments of other gloves, the nozzle may have stepwise changes in diameter along the length of the nozzle.
[00059] In another embodiment of the housing, the passage 156 tapers at angle BB as shown in Fig. 6, so the hole diameter is larger near the base surface 136. The nozzle used with a base having such a passage may be of substantially constant diameter or may be tapered at the same or a lesser angle than the angle BB. In this embodiment, the second seal will be formed by snap-fitting at a location that is away from the surface 136 and may be close to the lip seal.
[00060] As mentioned above, in another embodiment of the housing where there is no second seal, the relative shapes of the nozzle exterior and the bore of the passage 156 may be such that there is no press fit along the length of the nozzle and only the nozzle at the terminal end. In either embodiment, optional use may be of an organic or inorganic sealant around the mouthpiece or at the lip location.
[00061] A nozzle hole can be straight or tapered; preferably the nozzle has a wall thickness which is approximately the same as the thickness of the cylindrical section of the sleeve. As shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 11 the hole of a nozzle - which is the spark hole of the housing, increases in diameter with proximity to the bulkhead and the concavity of the sleeve, i.e. according to angle B in Fig. 9 where B is between 1 and 5 degrees. This conical shape is through improving the way in which the hot gases from the initiator are distributed to the gunpowder.
[00062] Referring again to Fig. 5 to Fig. 8, the sleeve bulkhead 120 contacts, or is close to, the base surface 136. The base surface 136 may be flat and perpendicular to the length axis C of the housing and the base. Alternatively, surface 136 may be compressed so that it is depressed near the center, with an angle of inclination A to plane D (which is a plane that is orthogonal to axis C) between 0 and 5 degrees, preferably about 3 degrees. degrees. See Fig. 6.
[00063] The outside diameter of the base on which the bulkhead abuts is the same diameter as the diameter of the straight cylindrical portion of the sleeve, in preferred embodiments. When this is not the case, there will be circumferential space between the outside of the base and the pistol chamber; and the outer "edge" or "corner" of the sleeve, i.e., the region 140, 240, may preferentially or prematurely fail in tensile or overload bending or fail from fatigue. This is attributed to the lack of support in the region 140, 240 in relation to deformation in the circumferential space. A preferred housing of the present invention comprises a base having a face (e.g., surface 236) that is the same diameter as the sleeve bulkhead and its integral cylindrical wall (e.g., wall 138). Thus, a housing having a flute (extraction groove) that is axially spaced from the bulkhead; that is, it is a channel circumscribed at the base. This type of construction is compared to an enclosure that has a reduced diameter adjacent to the bulkhead to define the extraction groove.
[00064] To accomplish the aforementioned purpose, and for appearance reasons, there must be a minimum clearance between the edge or corner 140, 240 and the bulkhead, surface 136. One way to help achieve this circumstance is to have an angle A as shown in Fig. 11, between the base surface 236 and the bulkhead mating surface 226. In the embodiment of Fig. 11, the surface of the base is perforated at angle A and the surface of the adjacent bulkhead lies in the plane D which is orthogonal to the central axis C. Thus, the bulkhead is said to be radially inclined with respect to the end surface of the base. . This results in a small gap 260 between the bulkhead and the surface 236 of the base 224, adjacent to the passage 230.
[00065] When a casing of the present invention is fitted with a propellant and a bullet and inserted into the chamber of a firearm, it must slide into the chamber. For example, the clearance may be a few thousandths of an inch on each side of a typical cartridge with an outside diameter of approximately 0.386 inch (9.8 mm). During the firing of the bullet, there is a large rise in internal pressure which forces the cylindrical wall radially outward against the chamber of the pistol. In embodiments of the invention, the casing will elastically deform radially outwards during the deflagration of the propellant, then elastically to return close to its original dimensions sufficient to permit easy removal of the worn casing from the firearm's chamber. However, when there is external expansion, excessive stresses can be created at the circumferential location 140 where the sleeve bulkhead meets the cylindrical wall. It has been found through analysis and experiments that a propensity for failure at location 140 is mitigated by one or both of (a) making the radius of curvature at location 140 sufficiently small; and (b) providing a circular wave 250, or rib, in the bulkhead.
[00066] With respect to radius: For an embodiment of the glove with a wall thickness of about 0.012 inch (about 0.3 mm), the average radius of curvature at position 140 is preferably less than about 0 .12 inches (32 mm); more preferably less than about 0.05 inch (1.27 mm). Larger radii make an enclosure more prone to failure. Even more preferably, the radius is approximately 0.008 inch (0.2 mm) measured on the inner surface, about 0.020 inch (2 mm) as measured on the outer surface, with an average radius of 0.36 mm (0.014 inch). ). In another preferred embodiment, the average radius is less than about twice the thickness of the material.
[00067] Fig. 8 is a view of housing 220 coupled with base 224. Nozzle 228 runs longitudinally within smaller diameter passageway 256 of passage 230 of base 224. Housing bulkhead 226 comprises a circular crest, called a wave in this document. Fig. 9 is a partial cross-section of the sleeve 222 before being locked together with the base 224. The Figures show a sleeve 222 and base 224 which are similar to those of the housing 120, but by the presence of a wave 250 in the bulkhead 226. A circular or annular wave 250 is centered on the length axis C and the length of the nozzle. When viewed in longitudinal cross-section as in Fig. 9, wave 250 gives the bulkhead an irregular contour as it runs radially.
[00068] A preferred bulkhead has a wave that (a) creates a depression on the outer side of the bulkhead (which faces the base) and (b) is not contained by engagement with the abutment surface of the base. The wave defines an annular or hollow depression 258 in the outer surface of the bulkhead. The bulkhead is preferably of constant thickness and is in contact with or in very close or intimate proximity to the surface 236 at the end of the base; and the wave defines a void space between the bulkhead and the surface 236. When the impeller is ignited within the housing, the presence of a wave reduces the von Mises stresses in the region 240, where the cylindrical sidewall of the sleeve meets the bulkhead. It is believed that the high pressure of the gas inside the shell when the gunpowder is ignited causes the wave to elastically deform, or weaken. This allows both the outer circumferences of the bulkhead and the cylindrical portion of the adjacent sleeve at position 240 to increase - to the point where they contact the bore of the chamber within which the cartridge is positioned, thereby momentarily making a seal that inhibits flow. of gases from the pistol barrel between the housing and the chamber hole. In the invention, there is no rib or engagement feature on the surface of the base and the bulkhead can move radially with respect to surface 236. Preferably, the aforementioned small radius of curvature is present in region 240 in combination with a wave.
[00069] The void space that the wave creates between the bulkhead and the base end abutment surface 236 is in addition to any small void space that may be present in the region due to any difference in slope between the bulkhead and the abutment surface from the base.
[00070] In an example of the invention where the glove has a wave, the diameter of a 0.010-0.012 inch (0.25-0.30 mm) thick cylindrical wall of a glove is about 0.39 inch (9.9 mm) in diameter, a 250 wave will have an average diameter of about 0.23 inch (5.8 mm) and project an h dimension of about 0.002 to 0.050 inch (0.05 to 1.27 mm) ), more preferably about 0.002-0.010 inch (0.051-0.25 mm) from the middle interior surface of the bulkhead. The h projection can be referred to as the wave height.
[00071] Fig. 10 shows a portion of a glove 222A having two waves. Two waves 250A run circularly in bulkhead 226A, circumscribing the length axis C of nozzle 228A. Fig. 10A shows a portion of another sleeve 322 having a mouthpiece 328 and bulkhead 326, where yet another embodiment of the wave exists. In cross-section, the depression 358 that is provided by the wave 350 starts at the nozzle and runs outward to a point where the bulkhead surface approaches the abutment surface of the base (not shown in Fig. 10A).
[00072] To summarize, in the generality of this aspect of the invention, an enclosure has a bulkhead with one or more depressions in the base facing surface. Other bulkhead configurations may achieve the object of this aspect of the invention, a first bulkhead surface of said wave designs or protrudes into the socket of the sleeve, and the opposite second side bulkhead surface has an associated depression or void.
[00073] Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a familiar initiator 47 comprising cap 49 having an anvil 51 within its concavity. Anvil 51 has a head 57 three feet 60. There is a circumference CA, shown as a dashed circle, which defines the inner limits of feet 60. Fig. 14 shows the primer 47 being inserted into the recess 32 of the base 24 of the housing 20, as indicated by the arrow in the Figure. Fig. 15 shows the cover fully positioned within the recess in the base of the housing. As described above, in an earlier manufacturing step, the nozzle end 28 of the sleeve 22 has been flared out so that the resulting lip 34 has a curved annular surface at the bottom of the recess 32. When the primer is fully inserted and when the initiator is hit by a firing pin, the 60 feet of the anvil contact the surface of the lip.
[00074] The outer edge or rim 35 of the lip 34 is thinner than the rest of the lip, as discussed in connection with Figs. 7C, 7D and 7E. With reference to Fig. 15, there is a space 53 between the head 57 of the anvil and the inner wall of the cap 49, where an amount of impact detonating substance (not shown) is placed by the initiator manufacturer. When a firing pin of a firearm deforms the surface 55 of the cap towards the head 57 of the anvil 51, it causes the initiator substance to detonate. The feet of the anvil are supported by lip 34. In response to the applied force, there is a tendency for the legs of the anvil to push outward with respect to centerline C of the housing. The fired cartridges section indicates that the feet of many anvils are propelled out to some extent during the firing process. The curved surface of the rim is believed to increase support for the anvil's feet.
[00075] For a given externally shaped cartridge, the present invention can provide a larger diameter spark hole larger volume housing compared to the same prior art one-piece externally shaped cartridge. Fig. 16 and Fig. 17 compares the internal configurations of the housing 20 made in accordance with the present invention and a prior art one-piece brass housing 21, each having the same respective length L1, LP of the interior cavity.
[00076] The invention allows for a larger diameter VI of the spark hole 29 in the housing 20 compared to the diameter VP of the spark hole 29A in the housing 21 of the prior art, aided by the shape of the flange 34 which provides good support for the feet of an initiator anvil, allows for a smaller region width at the bottom of the recess 32.
[00077] Housing 20 has a spark hole 29 which has an increased diameter V1 compared to the diameter VP of spark hole 29A in prior art housing 21. The increased diameter is achieved with the help of the shape of the lip 34, which, by providing good support for the anvil feet of an initiator, allows for a smaller region width at the bottom of the recess 32. The spark hole of the sleeve 22 is greater in diameter than the diameter DA of the innermost limits of the anvil foot. The diameter DA is the diameter of a circle CA that touches the innermost portions of the feet 60 of an anvil 51 of an initiator. See Fig. 13. In a preferred housing, 22 parts of 60 feet are visible to the eye when viewed with appropriate magnification along the central axis C, as indicated by arrow M in Fig. 16. In comparison, only the head of the anvil, not the edges of the feet, are visible in an exemplary prior art cartridge when viewed in the same manner as depicted in Fig. 17. An increased diameter spark hole provides improved communication of hot gases from the initiator region to the recess 31 of the sleeve 22; which facilitates the most favorable deflagration of the gunpowder within the concavity.
[00078] Since steels with a strength greater than brass cartridge can be used in a casing of the present invention, thinner casing walls are useful. An exemplary casing of the invention has a nearly uniform wall thickness t of about 0.010 to 0.012 inches (0.25 to 0.3 mm). This is about 0.0.15 inch (0.381 mm) less than the 0.027 inch (0.59 mm) average wall thickness of an exemplary prior art housing 21. Thus, the average inner diameter D1 of the housing 20 is greater than the average diameter DP of the housing 21; and, there may be about 4 to 15 percent more volume within the housing, for dust characteristic of an assembled cartridge. Typically, a cartridge manufacturer uses a gunpowder that fills the 31, 31P concavity of the shell when the bullet is in place. In general, to achieve a certain pressure pressure versus time change within the barrel of a pistol that improves bullet velocity and repeatability, it is desirable to have a larger volume of reduced-fire rate powder compared to a smaller volume. high burn rate powder. The present invention allows for such a desirable result. Tests have shown greater repeatability in bullet velocity as it exits a pistol barrel, and this results in more accurate bullet targets.
[00079] In the generality of the invention which involves the above mechanical characteristics, a glove can be made of iron alloys (eg steels) and preferably other alloys based on iron, aluminum and copper. As noted above, the best performance of an inventive housing/cartridge is obtained when the sleeve material has high strength.
[00080] Preferably, an exemplary sleeve of a casing of the present invention is made of a type of austenitic stainless steel that is cold worked, sufficient to form a martensitic microstructure, selectively both hardening and making the steel magnetic, as compared to with the same steel in its annealed condition. A preferred material for the base is 7075 forged aluminum alloy in T6 temper.
[00081] A preferred austenitic stainless steel is AISI 304 stainless steel alloy. Other alloys that may preferably be used include AISI 302, AISI 308 and AISI 347. Shells of the aforementioned alloys and similar behavior are used in the worked condition at cold, no annealing. Selected alloys have a desirable combination of formability, corrosion resistance and strength. In their annealing conditions, the alloys are not magnetic; when cold worked, they are magnetic. In preferred materials, a deformation-induced martensite (a ferromagnetic phase) that is present in the material is cold worked and not annealed; and this makes the material advantageously attracted to an ordinary magnet. Preferred alloys of the invention are in a special class. For example, austenitic stainless steel, AISI 316, is not magnetic when cold worked. The stainless steels of the AISI 400 series are ferritic and magnetic regardless of their function or the presence of martensite.
[00082] When casings of preferred material are discharged from an automatic or semi-automatic weapon and are scattered on the ground, used casings can be recovered by sweeping an area with a permanent magnet or common electromagnet. Compare brass, aluminum or non-metallic housings.
[00083] Alloy AISI 304 work also hardens and increases maximum strength, allowing for a lighter wall thickness in the sleeve than when the alloy is not cold worked. Preferably, the AISI 304 glove material is at least "quarter hard", wherein it has a hardness of at least about Rockwell C ("Rc") 30 and an associated maximum tensile strength of about 125,000 psi ( pounds per square inch) (6 X 106 N/m2). This compares to Rockwell B 83-92 hardness and about 75,000 psi (3.6 X 106 N/m2) ultimate tensile strength of an ordinary annealed forged bar or strip of AISI 304 material. Most preferably, the AISI material 304 is worked so that the hardness is greater than about Rc 40 and the ultimate tensile strength is greater than 150,000 psi (7.2 X 106 N/m2).
[00084] Preferably, the sleeve is formed on an eyelet machine (transfer press), starting with a flat steel disc. The disk is worked sequentially to change shape as illustrated by steps (a) to (e) in Fig. 12. The sleeve in its condition of insertion into the base of a housing is illustrated in step (e). Referring to the illustration in step (e) in Fig. 12, a typical glove of the present invention has a top/nozzle location N, a bulkhead location B, a midpoint cylindrical section location M, and a mouth end location E, as illustrated in Figure 12. Working backwards through the formation steps, the corresponding sites in the intermediate forms can be approximately identified.
[00085] Table 1 shows the magnetic properties at each stage and the hardness distribution at the final stage (e). It is observed that, with progressive work, the permeability (vaguely "the magnetization") increased, measured in Mu. Likewise, it appears that the hardness increased significantly at the midpoint M and at the mouth end E. The hardness in HVN (Vickers Hardness Number using a load of 200 g) is higher at the mouth end, being more than 400 HVN. As is well known, increased hardness is associated with increased yield/final strength and this property is desirable where the glove wall has higher stresses, namely in the cylindrical portion, compared to the mouthpiece.
[00086] Preferably, the sleeve of a casing of the invention is an austenitic stainless steel with a permeability that is at least 2 Mu, more preferably at least 3 Mu. In this application, a steel with a property of at least 2 Mu is said to be magnetic. Enclosures consisting of a sleeve in such a magnetic condition may be attracted by a permanent magnet or electromagnet; this is very useful for recovery and/or handling of used wrappers. Table 1. Local magnetic and hardness properties of the sleeve illustrated in Fig. 12.

[00087] The degree of magnetism, namely the permeability (most suitable relative permeability), of an enclosure may be measured in Mu units in accordance with ASTM standard A342-Method No. 6. Use may be made of a measuring device called The Severn Gage (Severn Engineering Co., Inc., Auburn, Alabama, USA).
[00088] The cylindrical portion E of the glove, which extends to the mouth, becomes harder and correspondingly magnetic. The bulkhead is also strong and magnetic. In comparison, the mouthpiece portion of the sleeve is desirable less worked and less stiffened and which facilitates its snap fit with the base and its capture within the base by means of a lip. The small diameter of the nozzle means that stresses for any given internal pressure are less than in the cylindrical portion of the sleeve. Also, being small and buried within the base, a mouthpiece would do little to attract a casing for a magnetic pickup tool. Since it is less difficult, the nozzle end end more susceptible to being flared radially outwards and the best desired sealing contact can be better achieved. Cold working to make the flared lip increases the hardness and permeability of the lip portion, but does not change the corresponding properties of the longitudinal portion of the nozzle running toward the lip bulkhead within the passage 156, 256, in particular that portion that is in the vicinity of the void 43 in Fig. 7C.
[00089] Thus, one embodiment of the shell and sleeve is a combination comprising a sleeve that has less permeability and hardness in the mouthpiece where it runs from the lip and shoulder of the initiator recess to the bulkhead that the sleeve has at the end of the nozzle. mouth and bulkhead.
[00090] The base can be formed by stamping, pressing or machining, less preferably by casting. The base is preferably made of forged aluminum alloy, preferably alloy 7075 alloy forged under T6 quench conditions. This alloy is of high strength, sufficient to hold the primer and sufficient to withstand the forces of the manufacturing process during which the nozzle is deformed. An aluminum base can be anodized and dyed for color coding to separate different types of cartridges. Alternatively, an aluminum alloy base can be coated with nickel phosphor metal without electricity. An exemplary aluminum alloy base will have a Rockwell B hardness in the range of 70 to 98. The base has sufficient strength to withstand nozzle deformation and the forces imposed by the breech block.
[00091] In a concept of the present invention, the cylindrical portion of the glove that includes the mouth has the greatest strength and hardness, most of the mouthpiece with the base passage has the least strength and hardness, and the base has the least hardness. This combination is advantageous for reasons in the part indicated above, and also because the softer base decreases wear or life of firearm parts that grip and eject cartridges/casings, compared, for example, with a steel base or with a prior art steel housing.
[00092] In the generality of the invention, a base may alternatively be made of another metal, such as cartridge brass, other brasses and molten zinc base alloys, which metals are less hard than the shell material. In still other embodiments of the invention, if the aforementioned wear of gun parts is not a factor, alloy steel or ceramics can be used for the base.
[00093] The present invention includes a shell or cartridge comprising a housing with the novel features that are described herein. In particular, a shell is formed by pressing to place a primer in the recess in the base of the shell, placing the powder in the hollow of the glove through the mouth, and pressing and holding a bullet in the mouth of the glove. These steps can be done using the same type of equipment that was used to make prior art casings, for example brass casings. Although the invention has been described in terms of a small caliber cartridge, the invention can be applied to larger caliber shells.
[00094] The present invention also includes the method of making a housing and cartridge having the features described herein, using the methods that have been described. A housing can be assembled from a sleeve and base using automated machines that combine the two pieces together and using (a) tools that fit inside the mouth of the sleeve and press down on the mouthpiece and adjacent bulkhead while the base is in place. being held, to force the nozzle into the base passage, so that the outer edge of the bulkhead is in contact with the base face or is intimately closed; and using (b) tools that fit within the recess of the primer and axially press the terminal end of the nozzle to flare the end radially outwardly and form a lip that presses against the shoulder at the bottom of the recess, where the lip preferably has a annular curved surface. Subsequently, to form a cartridge, in step (c), a primer is pressed into the recess at the end of the base, so that the anvil contact legs of the primer are either very close to the surface of the rim; in step (d) gunpowder is placed in the concavity of the glove; and in step (e), a bullet is pressed into the mouth of the glove and the mouth is preferably pressed onto the bullet.
[00095] The unique characteristics of the glove and base provide the invention with a surprising advantage. A housing/cartridge is provided with light weight, lower cost and higher performance than prior art housings. At the same time, the shells/cartridges have durability during handling and refillability.
[00096] The invention, with explicit and implicit variations and advantages, has been described and illustrated in relation to various embodiments. These modalities should be considered illustrative and not restrictive. Any use of words that relate to the orientation of an article depicted in the space are for ease of understanding and should not be limiting if an article is oriented differently. Any use of words like "preferred" and its variations suggest a trait or combination that is desirable but not necessarily mandatory. Thus, embodiments that lack any preferred feature or combination may fall within the scope of the claims that follow. Those skilled in the art can make various changes in form and detail to the embodiments of the invention which are described, without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention.

权利要求:
Claims (12)
[0001]
1. Housing for a firearm cartridge, characterized in that it comprises: a sleeve (222) having a length and a central length axis, comprising a longitudinally extending cylindrical wall portion (138) defining a suitable concavity for receiving powder propellant, the sleeve having a first muzzle end (152) of cylindrical wall molded to receive a bullet (23) and an opposing second end comprising a circular bulkhead (226) with a mouthpiece (228) that engages extending longitudinally to a terminal end thereof, the nozzle having a bore for allowing gases to flow into said concavity from a precursor (47); a base having a length and a longitudinal axis, a first end, a second end having a molded circular surface coincident with the sleeve bulkhead, and a passage (130) running longitudinally between the first end and the second end, the passage having a portion recess at (132) first end, larger in dimension than the rest of the passage, the recess molded to receive said precursor (47) and define a circumscribed shoulder (144) with the passage; wherein said bulkhead is in touch contact with or in close proximity to the second end of the base and said mouthpiece is positioned within the passage, the terminal end of the sleeve mouthpiece comprising a lip (234) passing radially outwardly in contact with the passageway. said bounce; the mouthpiece and base having a first seal (41) at said shoulder and a second seal (39) around the periphery of the mouthpiece in the vicinity of said bulkhead, the second seal separate from the first seal.
[0002]
2. Enclosure, according to claim 1, characterized in that the edge decreases in axial thickness with the distance from the length axis; and wherein, in the longitudinal cross-section of the sleeve, the lip has a curved surface portion facing towards the first end.
[0003]
3. Enclosure according to claim 1, characterized in that there is still at least one wave (236) in the bulkhead, the wave defining a depression (258) on the side of the bulkhead that faces the second end of the base.
[0004]
4. Wrapper according to claim 1, characterized in that the glove comprises an austenitic stainless steel material, the glove having portions which are magnetic, the glove having different degrees of hardness and magnetic permeability along its length , wherein the first mouth end is harder and has a higher magnetic permeability than the portion of the sleeve which is between the lip and the bulkhead; and wherein the bulkhead has a hardness and magnetic permeability properties which are intermediate between the respective properties of both the mouthpiece and the mouth end.
[0005]
5. Cartridge, characterized in that it comprises: the casing as defined in claim 2; a precursor (47) snapped into the recess (32) at the end of the base (24); an amount of gunpowder inside the hollow of the glove; and a bullet (23) pressed into the mouth of the glove, so as to seal said concavity.
[0006]
6. Enclosure according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a passage through the base having a constant diameter at the second end of the base, the portion of the mouthpiece which is near the outside of the bulkhead having a conical outer surface in snap fit and seal engagement with the bore of the passage, wherein there is a cylindrical void around the circumference of the nozzle, between the first seal and the second seal.
[0007]
7. Enclosure according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the second end of the base diverges at an angle in the radial direction from the radial angle of the bulkhead surface, and there is an annular space (260) between the bulkhead and the second end surface, adjacent to the mouthpiece.
[0008]
8. Enclosure, according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve mouthpiece is press-fitted and sealed inside the base passage; wherein, the lip decreases in axial thickness with distance from the axis of the length of the housing; wherein, in the longitudinal cross-section of the sleeve, and the lip optionally has a curved surface portion lying towards the first end.
[0009]
A method for making a firearm housing as defined in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: forming a sleeve (222) having a length and a central length axis, the sleeve comprising a longitudinally extending cylindrical wall (138) defining a concavity suitable for receiving powder propellant, the sleeve having a cylindrical wall muzzle first end (152) molded to receive a bullet (23) and an opposite second end comprising a circular bulkhead (226) with a nozzle (228) extending longitudinally to an end end of the nozzle, the nozzle having a bore for allowing the flow of propellant gases into said concavity; forming a base having a length and longitudinal axis, a first end, a second end having a molded circular surface coincident with the sleeve bulkhead, and a passage (130) running longitudinally between the first end and the second end, the passage having a recess portion (132) at the first end, larger in dimension than the rest of the passage, the recess shaped to receive a precursor (47) and define a circumscribed shoulder (144) with the passage; chamfering the outside of the nozzle end end of the sleeve; match the sleeve to the base so that the nozzle seats within the base passage; pressing the bulkhead and mouthpiece into the hollow of the sleeve to force the mouthpiece into the base passage, to bring the outer edge of the bulkhead into contact with or in close proximity to the surface of the second end of the base, and to form a first seal (41). ) between the nozzle and the base within the base passage; pressing axially at the terminal end of the nozzle to form a lip (234) which presses against said shoulder (39) and forms a second seal therewith and to form a lip which decreases in thickness in the radially outward direction.
[0010]
10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the sleeve is formed with a mouthpiece having a conical exterior or a circumscribed rib and the passage through the base is formed with a constant diameter in the portion which is next to it. from the second end.
[0011]
11. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises: forming the sleeve with at least one wave in the bulkhead that defines a depression on the side of the bulkhead that is closest to the base.
[0012]
A method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising: forming the sleeve by making the sleeve of austenitic stainless steel material and cold working the sleeve to make at least portions of the sleeve magnetic, thereby to provide the sleeve with different degrees of hardness and magnetic permeability along its length, so that the first end of the mouth is harder and has a higher magnetic permeability than the mouthpiece portion of the sleeve, and so that the bulkhead has hardness and magnetic permeability properties that are intermediate between the respective properties of both the mouthpiece and the mouth end.

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同族专利:

公开号 | 公开日

AU2021221925A1|2021-09-30|

BR112018001790A2|2018-09-11|

JP2018524549A|2018-08-30|

WO2017019800A1|2017-02-02|

EP3329207A4|2019-03-13|

IL257042A|2021-12-01|

AU2016298943B2|2021-09-16|

IL257042D0|2018-03-29|

AU2016298943A1|2018-02-08|

US20170030690A1|2017-02-02|

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US9939236B2|2018-04-10|

KR20180035232A|2018-04-05|

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CA2993005A1|2017-02-02|

EP3329207A1|2018-06-06|

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CN109459179B|2018-11-27|2020-08-21|西安近代化学研究所|Monomer effect target device suitable for dynamic explosion field target shock wave pressure measurement|

US10731957B1|2019-02-14|2020-08-04|True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc|Polymer ammunition and cartridge having a convex primer insert|

US10704879B1|2019-02-14|2020-07-07|True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc|Polymer ammunition and cartridge having a convex primer insert|

US10704880B1|2019-02-14|2020-07-07|True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc|Polymer ammunition and cartridge having a convex primer insert|

US10921106B2|2019-02-14|2021-02-16|True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc|Polymer ammunition and cartridge having a convex primer insert|

US10704872B1|2019-02-14|2020-07-07|True Velocity Ip Holdings, Llc|Polymer ammunition and cartridge having a convex primer insert|

CA3136236A1|2019-04-14|2020-10-22|Shell Shock Technologies LLC|Firearm casing for resisting high deflagration pressure|

法律状态:
2020-03-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

2021-07-20| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

2021-12-07| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

2022-02-01| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 27/07/2016, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

US201562197472P| true| 2015-07-27|2015-07-27|

US62/197,472|2015-07-27|

PCT/US2016/044322|WO2017019800A1|2015-07-27|2016-07-27|Fire arm cartridge and method of making|

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