PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS OF FORMULA II

专利摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of oxirane compounds of formula ii from keto compounds iii using dimethyl sulfide (ch3)2s and dimethyl sulfate (ch3)2so4, forming reagent iv, trimethylsulfonium methylsulfate [(ch3)3s+ ch3so4-], in aqueous solution in the presence of potassium hydroxide (koh).
公开号:BR112017000304B1
申请号:R112017000304-0
申请日:2015-06-26
公开日:2021-06-29
发明作者:Joachim Gebhardt；Manfred Ehresmann；Tiziana Chiodo；Martin Viertelhaus；Roland Goetz
申请人:BASF Agro B.V.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[001] The present invention relates to a process for the supply of oxiranes that comprises the reaction of a respective ketone with dimethyl sulfate (CH3)2SO4 and dimethyl sulfide (CH3)2S in aqueous solution in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH), in which dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl sulphate are used in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 2:1 and in which, in addition to the reagents used, a maximum of 10% by weight of organic solvent in relation to the amount of compound III are added. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for converting the resulting oxiranes to triazole compounds by reacting the substituted oxiranes with 1H-1,2,4-triazole under basic conditions. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[002] The substituted oxiranes provided through the process, according to the present invention, are valuable intermediate compounds for the synthesis of triazole compounds that have pesticidal activity, in particular, the fungicidal activity. Publication WO 2013/007767 (PCT / EP 2012/063626) refers to fungicide substituted 2-[2-haloalkyl-4-phenoxyphenyl]-1-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-ethanol compounds , which can be synthesized via a respective intermediate oxirane compound. A common process for the synthesis of oxiranes from carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones is the reaction with trimethylsulfonium iodide in the presence of a base (JACS 1965, 87, page 1353 ff). This reagent is very expensive and not suitable for industrial scales.
[003] Synthetic Communications 15, 1985, page 749 ff., in general, describes the reaction of trimethylsulfonium methyl sulfate with the aldehydes and ketones using a 50% NaOH solution. However, not with every ketone or aldehyde, satisfactory yields can be achieved, in particular, the aldehydes which are more reactive are reacted. According to this document, NaOH is used as the base for the reaction and high amounts of water are used since the base is added as a 50% aqueous solution. Furthermore, a high excess of base and preferably methylene chloride are used in the process which is not suitable for an industrial process also due to environmental issues. A.A. Afonkin et al., in Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry, volume 44, no. 1776 to 1779, refers to the synthesis of some electron-rich aryl (heteroaryl) oxiranes under phase transfer and homogeneous conditions using trimethylsulfonium sulfate as a reagent. In this reference, the reaction of aldehydes which, in general, are more reactive than ketones is described. NaOH is used as a 50% aqueous solution.
[004] Patent DE 3,315,681 refers to a process for the preparation of certain oxiranes from ketones using trimethylsulfonium methylsulfate in the presence of tert-butanol as an organic solvent and a base such as Kalium tert-butylate .
[005] Patent DE 3,733,755 refers to a process for the preparation of 2-(4-chlorophenyl-ethyl)-2-tert-butyl-oxirane from the respective ketone using trimethylsulfonium methylsulfate in the presence of hydroxide of potassium, dimethyl sulfide and water. According to this document, dimethyl sulfide is used in excess as an organic solvent. The disadvantage of using large amounts of organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfide is that after completion of the reaction such solvents need to be removed from the reaction mixture. In addition, larger reaction and processing equipment is needed.
[006] The publication WO 2014/108286 (PCT / EP 2013/077083) refers to an improved process for the preparation of oxiranes from ketones using trimethylsulfonium methylsulfate.
[007] Methods known from the literature are sometimes not suitable for the efficient synthesis of substituted oxiranes since the yield is not sufficient and/or the reaction conditions and parameters such as the use of solvents and/or the ratio of reagents and ingredients with each other are not suitable to a high level in industrially relevant quantities. Inter alia, since some oxiranes are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of triazole compounds with promising fungicidal activity, there is a continuing need for improved processes that easily make such intermediates and compounds available. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[008] An object of the present invention was to provide an improved process for the synthesis of oxiranes which are valuable intermediates for the preparation of fungicidal active triazole compounds starting from the respective compounds containing the oxo groups. Furthermore, the object underlying the present invention was to optimize the synthesis of active triazole compounds using said oxiranes.
[009] Surprisingly a highly efficient synthesis for the conversion of compounds containing the specific oxo groups to oxiranes that are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of certain pesticidal triazole compounds has been discovered at the time.
[010] Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention is a process for preparing the compounds of Formula II
- wherein - R1 is C1-C6 alkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkyl; and - R4 is F or Cl - which comprises the following step: (i) of the reaction of an oxo compound of Formula III
- with dimethyl sulfide (CH3)2S and dimethyl sulfate (CH3)2SO4, forming reagent IV, trimethylsulfonium methylsulfate [(CH3)3S+ CH3SO4-], in aqueous solution in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH), in that dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl sulphate are used in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 2:1 and that at most 10% by weight of organic solvent relative to the amount of compound III are added.
[011] Using the process of the present invention, fewer amounts of solvents are used than in conventional processes, which leads to a smaller volume of reaction mixtures and higher space-time yields. Furthermore, the reaction of the present invention enables a faster conversion of the reactants to the desired products, which is favorable, in particular, in relation to industrial applicability.
[012] In process step (i), according to the present invention, an oxo compound of Formula III reacts with dimethyl sulfide (CH3)2S and dimethyl sulfate (CH3)2SO4, forming reagent IV, methylsulfate of trimethylsulfonium [(CH3)3S+ CH3SO4-], in aqueous solution in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH), in which dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl sulfate are used in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 2:1 and in which at most 10% by weight of organic solvent relative to the amount of compound III are added in addition to the reagents used.
[013] In the oxo compound III, R1 is C1-C6 alkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkyl; and R4 is F or Cl. According to one embodiment, R1 is C1-C6 alkyl, more specifically, C1-C4 alkyl, in particular selected from CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, CH(CH3)2, n-butyl, isobutyl and tert-butyl, more especially selected from CH3, C2H5, CH(CH3)2 and C(CH3)3. According to another embodiment, R1 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl, in particular C3-C6 cycloalkyl, such as C3H5 (cyclopropyl), C4H7 (cyclobutyl), cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. Another embodiment relates to compounds, wherein R1 is C3H5 (cyclopropyl) or C4H7 (cyclobutyl). R4 is F or Cl, in particular Cl. In particular, R1 is selected from CH3, CH(CH3)2 and cyclopropyl and R4 is Cl. The same applies for variables R1 and R4 in compound II.
[014] The Formula IV reagent is formed from dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl sulfate. In particular, reagent IV is prepared in situ. Dimethyl sulphide or dimethyl sulphate is charged first and the other reagent then added. It may preferably be in accordance with the present invention to add the dimethyl sulphide to a reaction mixture containing the dimethyl sulphate.
[015] Dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl sulphate are preferably used in amounts such that reagent IV is present in the reaction mixture in an amount from 1.1 to 2.5, in particular from 1.2 to 2, more specifically, from 1.3 to 1.6 equivalents of IV per 1 equivalent (mol) of compound III.
[016] According to the process of the present invention, the dimethyl sulfide is used in such amounts that the reagent IV is sufficiently formed during the reaction. In the prior art, it has been reported that the addition of a solvent such as tert-butanol or toluene or the use of dimethyl sulfide in large excess is necessary. Dimethyl sulfide, in these cases, acts as an organic solvent. According to the present invention, the molar ratio of dimethyl sulfide to dimethyl sulfate for the formation of reagent IV is from 1:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the molar ratio between dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl sulphate is from 1:1 to 1.5:1, more preferably from 1:1 to 1.4:1. It can also be preferably used from 1 to 1.3, in particular from 1 to 1.25, more specifically from 1 to 1.1 of dimethyl sulphide relative to one equivalent of dimethyl sulphate.
[017] According to the process of the present invention, in addition to the reagents used, the reaction step (i) surprisingly can be performed with very good results, although at most 10% by weight of organic solvents are added in relation to the amount of compound III [amount of solvent: (amount of solvent + amount of compound III)]. In particular, the reaction can be carried out using at most 8% by weight, more specifically at most 5% by weight, even more specifically at most 3% by weight, of organic solvents relative to the amount of compound III. More specifically, in the reaction mixture, a maximum of 2% by weight, more specifically, a maximum of 1% by weight of organic solvents with respect to the amount of compound III are added.
[018] In a specific embodiment, in step (i) of the process of the present invention, essentially, no organic solvent is added. In particular, in step (i) of the process of the present invention, no organic solvent is added other than the reagents used.
[019] Therefore, the process for the preparation of oxiranes from keto compounds is simplified and an industrial application becomes more efficient.
[020] Organic solvents are liquid organic compounds that dilute the reactants without taking part in the reaction or catalyzing the reaction. The person skilled in the art in the field of organic synthesis is familiar with "organic solvents" and it is evident to the person skilled in the art what kind of solvents are "organic solvents". Examples for organic solvents, for example, are alcohols, nitriles and aromatic hydrocarbons. Alcohols, for example, are methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol (for example, tert-butanol). Aromatic hydrocarbons, for example, are toluene or xylenes. An example for nitrile is acetonitrile.
[021] The reaction step (i) is carried out in aqueous solution. Preferably, water is used in an amount of 0.5 to 4 eq, in particular 0.9 to 4, relative to one equivalent of compound III. According to an embodiment of the present invention, relatively low amounts of water are used, for example from 0.5 to 0.95 eq, more specifically from 0.6 to 0.94, even more specifically from 0.7 at 0.93 eq relative to one equivalent of compound III. It may also be advantageous to use from 0.8 to 0.92 eq, more specifically from 0.85 to 0.91, even more specifically from 0.85 to 0.9 eq relative to one equivalent of compound III in the process of the present invention. According to another embodiment, from 0.9 to 4 equivalents are used, more specifically from 1 to 4, in particular from 1.2 to 3.5 eq, more specifically from 1.5 to 3.3 eq of water relative to one equivalent of compound III. In particular, the proportions from 1.6 to 3.8, more specifically from 1.8 to 3.3 eq, more specifically from 1.9 to 2.8 eq or from 1.9 to 2.5 of water per mole of compound III may be favorable according to the present invention. In another special embodiment, advantages can be obtained if the amounts of water used in step (i) are from 0.5 to 0.95 eq or greater than 1.5 eq of water at 4 eq per mole of compound III.
[022] In step (i), KOH is used. Preferably it is if at least 2 equivalents of base are used, more specifically at least 2.5 equivalents of base, even more specifically at least 3 equivalents of base per 1 equivalent of compound III. It may be preferably if at least 3.2 eq are used, more specifically at least 3.4 eq per 1 equivalent of compound III. Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the amount of base is from 2 to 6 eq, in particular from 2.5 to 5.5 eq, more specifically from 2.5 to 5 eq, even more specifically from 3 to 5 eq per mole of compound III.
[023] KOH especially is used in solid form, preferably as solid pellets, flakes, micropills and/or powders.
[024] The base, in particular, the solid KOH is used, in such a way that the range of the present invention of water present in the reaction is maintained. Then some of the base is dissolved in the reaction solution and some is still present in solid form during the reaction.
[025] KOH can be added in one or more portions, eg 2 to 8 portions, to the reaction mixture. KOH can also be added on a continuous basis. Preferably, KOH is added after compound III is loaded into the reaction vessel. However, the order can also be changed and compound III is added to the reaction mixture containing the KOH.
[026] The reaction temperature when adding the KOH in step (i) is preferably kept at a maximum of 60°C, more specifically, a maximum of 50°C. a reaction temperature when adding the KOH of at least 20°C, especially at least room temperature, especially at least 25°C. In another embodiment, the temperature is at least , 30°C. It can be preferably if the temperature is at least 35°C or at least 45°C. The temperature of the reaction mixture, for example, can be maintained in these ranges by the addition of KOH in servings or continuously.
[027] The overall reaction temperature in step (i) is preferably maintained at a maximum of 70°C, in particular a maximum of 60°C, more preferably a maximum of 50°C. In general, it is also preferably to have a reaction temperature of at least 20°C, especially at least room temperature, especially at least 25°C. at least 30°C. It can be preferably if the temperature is at least 35°C.
[028] In case a processing of the reaction mixture is suitable after step (i), this can be carried out through processes generally known to the person skilled in the art. It may be preferable if water is added to the reaction mixture after completion of step (i) and the resulting mixture is heated while stirring, depending on the melting point of the organic content. The temperature during this heating is preferably maintained between 30°C and 70°C, more specifically between 40°C and 60°C, even more specifically between 50°C and 60°C. The organic phase, by For example, it can be separated and dissolved in a suitable solvent such as dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethyl acetamide (DMAC). Dimethyl sulfide, if still present, is preferably removed by distillation before or after addition of solvent. The reaction mixture can then be used directly for the next step (see below) or, if appropriate, further treated and/or purified, for example, by recrystallization and/or chromatography.
[029] By means of the process of the present invention, the oxiranes of Formula II can be prepared in high yields. Preferably, yields are at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 75%, even more preferably at least 80%.
[030] A side product that can occur if R1 is isopropyl is compound II'' next
- where R4 is defined above. In particular, in Formula II', R4 is Cl.
[031] The oxirane II obtained according to the process of the present invention (step (i)) can still be converted into a triazole of Formula I. Consequently, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the process further comprises the following step: (ii) the reaction of the oxirane of Formula II resulting from step (i) with 1H-1,2,4-triazole and a base, resulting in compounds of Formula I,
- wherein the variables R1 and R4 are as defined and preferably defined for compounds II and III above.
[032] An embodiment of the present invention, therefore, relates to a process for the preparation of compounds I,
- wherein the variables R1 and R4 are as defined and preferably defined for compounds II and III above; which comprise the following steps: (1) of the reaction of an oxo compound of Formula III
- with dimethyl sulfide (CH3)2S and dimethyl sulfate (CH3)2SO4, forming reagent IV, trimethylsulfonium methylsulfate [(CH3)3S+ CH3SO4-], in aqueous solution in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH), in that dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl sulphate are used in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 2:1, and that at most 10% by weight of organic solvent selected from alcohols, nitriles and hydrocarbons are added aromatic in relation to the amount of compound III, with the exception of the reagents used; and (ii) the reaction of the reaction product resulting from step (i) with 1H-1,2,4-triazole and a base.
[033] Compounds I are described in the publication WO 2013/007767.
[034] In step (ii), the oxirane is reacted with 1H-1,2,4-triazole and a base.
[035] Preferably, an inorganic base is used and said inorganic base, preferably, is selected from NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3 and K2CO3, more specifically, from NaOH and KOH. According to one embodiment, NaOH is used. According to another embodiment, KOH is used.
[036] According to another embodiment, an organic base is used in step (ii). For example, 4-(dimethylamino)-pyridine (DMAP), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), pyridine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, tripropylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine or morpholine. Preferably these are DMAP and DABCO.
[037] According to a specific embodiment, the sodium salt of 1H-1,2,4-triazole is used as a base, wherein said sodium salt is prepared using the triazole and a base, preferably selected to from NaOH, NaH and Na alcoholates. See also patent DE 3,042,302.
[038] The amount of base used in step (ii) is preferably equal to or less than 1 eq, in particular less than 1 eq, more preferably equal to or less than 0.8 eq, most preferably, equal to or less than 0.6 equivalents per 1 equivalent of compound II. Also preferably amounts of base equal to or less than 0.4 equivalents, especially equal to or less than 0.2 equivalents, specifically equal to or less than 0.1 equivalents per 1 equivalent of compound II are also preferred. Preferably at least 0.1 eq are used, more preferably at least 0.2 equivalents, especially at least 0.3 eq of base per 1 equivalent of compound II are used.
[039] It can be preferably, if less than 1 eq of base is used in relation to compound II. In its specific embodiments, NaOH is used as the base, preferably in an amount as indicated above, especially in an amount of 0.1 to 0.55 eq with respect to the oxirane of Formula II.
[040] To have preferably low reaction times, temperatures of at least 100°C, more preferably at least 110°C. It is also an embodiment of refluxing the reaction mixture. Preferably, the reaction temperature is not more than 150°C, in particular not more than 130°C. Specifically, a reaction temperature of 110°C to 130°C is used.
[041] The amount of 1H-1,2,4-triazole used in step (ii), in general, is at least 1 eq per mole of oxirane II. According to one embodiment, 1H-1,2,4-triazole is used in excess relative to oxirane II. Preferably they are greater than 1 eq to 2 eq, more preferably greater than 1 eq to 1.8 eq, most preferably greater than 1 eq to 1.6 eq. Mainly for economic reasons, it may be preferable to use at least 1.1 eq, specifically 1.15 eq, to 1.5 eq of triazole relative to oxirane II.
[042] The solvent used in step (ii) is preferably selected from dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and dimethyl sulfoxide. Most preferred is dimethyl formamide.
[043] In general, another unwanted by-product in the synthesis of compounds I that can occur in unwanted amounts is the symmetric triazole I" which is formed together with the desired triazole of Formula I, consequently leading to lower yields of the desired product of Formula I.
- m where R1 and R4 are defined and preferably defined above.
[044] It was found that if the reaction product I resulting from step (ii) is crystallized as described, according to the present invention, the product I can be obtained in high yields and purity.
[045] Consequently, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds I resulting from step (ii) are crystallized from a suitable solvent. This step is called the final processing step (ii-1). Suitable solvents, for example, are selected from toluene, ortho-xylene, an aliphatic alcohol, acetonitrile, carbonic acid ester and cyclohexane, or any mixtures thereof, in particular from toluene, aliphatic alcohol and acid ester carbon dioxide and any of its mixtures.
[046] According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the amount of I'' in favor of the desired product I. Consequently, according to the process of the present invention, it is possible to greatly improve the yield of triazole I compared to the common prior art processes.
[047] In particular, aliphatic alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol and any of their mixtures. In particular, aliphatic alcohol is selected from methanol and ethanol and any of their mixtures.
[048] Examples of suitable carbonic acid esters are n-butyl acetate or ethyl acetate and any mixtures thereof.
[049] In general, for the crystallization step, the reaction solvent, in particular the dimethylformide, as described above, is first largely evaporated, preferably under reduced pressure. Preferably at least 55% of the solvent, more preferably at least 60% of the solvent, more specifically at least 70% of the solvent is removed. Specifically, it may preferably be if at least 80%, more specifically at least 90% of the solvent, such as DMF, is removed. The solvent can then be recycled to be used again in step (ii) of the process, if necessary after it has been further rectified.
[050] Then, water and its suitable solvent such as an ether are added, for example, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), methylene chloride and/or toluene , in particular, toluene. Ethyl acetate and/or n-butyl acetate may also be suitable as a solvent. Product I is then preferably obtained by crystallization directly from the concentrate, for example the toluene reaction mixture. Also preferably and suitable in accordance with the present invention is the change of solvent, for example to methanol or ethanol (see above) for the crystallization of the products.
[051] According to one embodiment, seed crystals are added to the crystallization step.
[052] Using the crystallization step of the present invention, according to the process of the present invention, especially when performing process steps (ii), the content of unwanted symmetric triazole I'' can be reduced to equal to or less to 10%, more preferably equal to or less than 8%, even more preferably equal to or less than 5%, even more preferably equal to or less than 2%.
[053] Preferably, the ratio of isolated compound I to I" is at least 20:1, more preferably at least 30:1, most preferably 50:1, more specifically 70:1 . In particular, the ratio of compound I to I” is at least 30:1.
[054] It is especially surprising that the crystallization of a reaction product comprising compound I as described and preferably described herein from carbonic acid esters, such as in particular, n-butyl acetate or ethyl acetate or any of its mixtures, results in a very high purity of the product, i.e. high contents of the desired product I are obtained.
[055] Consequently, according to a further aspect, the present invention relates to a process for the purification of a reaction product comprising a compound of Formula I, comprising step (iia) of crystallization of said reaction product from one or more carbonic acid ester(s)
- wherein R1 is C1-C6 alkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkyl; and R4 is F or Cl.
[056] It has been found that if the reaction product comprising compound I is crystallized in accordance with the present invention, product I can be obtained in high yields and purity.
[057] Examples of suitable carbonic acid esters are n-butyl acetate or ethyl acetate and any mixtures thereof.
[058] According to one embodiment, seed crystals are added to the crystallization step.
[059] Using the crystallization step of the present invention, the content of unwanted symmetric triazole I'' can be reduced to equal to or less than 10%, more preferably equal to or less than 8%, even more preferably equal to or less than 5%, even more preferably equal to or less than 2%.
[060] Preferably, the ratio of isolated compound I to I" is at least 20:1, more preferably at least 30:1, most preferably 50:1, more specifically 70:1 . In particular, the ratio of compound I to I” is at least 30:1.
[061] Following the process of the present invention comprising step (i), the common methods of additional reaction of oxiranes II in final products I can also be performed.
[062] For example, the epoxide ring of compounds II can be cleaved by reaction with alcohols R2OH, preferably under acidic conditions to result in compounds V:

[063] Then, the resulting compounds V are reacted with halogenating agents or sulphonating agents such as PBr3, PCl3 mesyl chloride, tosyl chloride or thionyl chloride, to obtain compounds VI where LG' is a nucleophilically substitutable leaving group such as halogen, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyloxy and arylsulfonyloxy, preferably chlorine, bromine or iodine, especially preferably bromine or alkylsulfonyl. Then, compounds VI are reacted with 1H-1,2,4-triazole to obtain compounds I as they are known in the state of the art and/or described above:

[064] To obtain the compounds of Formula I, in which the alcohol group is derivatized (resulting in "OR2", compounds I-1, see below), the following step can subsequently be performed: (iii) derivatize the compound of Formula I of step (ii) under basic conditions with R2-LG, wherein LG is a nucleophilically substitutable leaving group;
- wherein the variables R1 and R4 are as defined and preferably defined herein, and wherein -R2 is C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl -C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl, phenyl-C1-C4 alkyl, C2C4 alkenyl or phenyl-C2-C4 alkynyl; - wherein the aliphatic portions of R2 are not yet substituted or carry one, two, three or up to the maximum possible number of identical or different R12a groups which are independently selected from: - R12a is halogen, OH, CN, nitro , C1-C4 alkoxy, C3C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 halocycloalkyl and C1-C4 haloalkoxy; - wherein the cycloalkyl and/or phenyl groups of R2 are not yet substituted or carry one, two, three, four, five or up to the maximum number of identical or different R12b groups that are independently selected from: - R12b is the halogen, OH, CN, nitro, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 halocycloalkyl and C1-C4 haloalkoxy. - LG represents a nucleophilically substitutable leaving group such as halogen, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonyloxy and arylsulfonyloxy, preferably chlorine, bromine or iodine, especially preferably bromine. Preferably, a base is used in step (iii) such as, for example, NaH.
[065] Suitable solvents, for example, are ethers, especially cyclic ethers. Possible solvents, for example, are tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran (2-Me-THF), diethyl ether, TBME (tert-butylmethyl ether), CPME (cyclopentyl methyl ether), DME (1,2-dimethoxyethane) and 1,4-dioxane. Other solvents which may be suitable, for example, are diisopropyl ether, di-n-butyl ether and/or diglyme. Often, the use of THF or 2-methyl-THF is especially suitable. Furthermore, it may also be suitable to use combinations of two or more different solvents, such as, for example, any combination of the solvents listed above or any of the ethers listed with the aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as n-hexane, heptane or hydrocarbons. aromatics such as toluene or xylenes.
[066] The person skilled in the art is familiar with the reaction in step (iii) and can vary the reaction conditions in a manner analogous to known syntheses.
[067] Compounds III that contain the initial oxo groups for the processes of the present invention can be synthesized as described in the literature and patent applications mentioned above. In general, the person skilled in the art can obtain by various routes in a manner analogous to known prior art processes (see J. Agric. Food Chem. (2009) 57, 4,854-4,860; EP patents 0.275.955 A1; DE 4.003.180 A1; EP 0.113.640 A2, EP 0.126.430 A2). The synthesis routes for obtaining the precursors are given below. Also see PCT / EP 2014/076,839 for specific process conditions.
[068] In a first process, for example, phenols A are reacted, in a first step, with derivatives B, where X1 represents the I or Br, in particular, the Br, preferably in the presence of a base to result in compounds C.

[069] Then, the resulting compounds C, in particular X1 is the Br, then are transformed into Grignard reagents by reacting with transmetallation reagents such as isopropylmagnesium halides and further reacted with acetyl chloride preferably under anhydrous conditions and preferably in the presence of a catalyst such as CuCl, CuCl2, AlCl3, LiCl and mixtures thereof, to obtain the acetophenones D.

[070] In a second process to obtain the precursors is as follows. In a first step, a halo derivative E, where X2 is halogen, in particular, F and X3 is halogen, in particular, Br, is reacted with a transmetallation agent such as, for example, bromide. isopropylmagnesium followed by an acyl chloride agent R1COCl (for example acetyl chloride), preferably under anhydrous conditions and optionally in the presence of a catalyst such as CuCl, CuCl2, AlCl3, LiCl and mixtures thereof, to obtain the ketones F.

[071] Then, ketones F are reacted with phenols A, preferably, in the presence of a base to obtain compounds III, wherein R1 is as defined and preferably defined, respectively, in the present.
[072] Compounds III can also be obtained by analogy with the first process described for compounds D (preferably conditions for the process step, see above). This is illustrated in the following:

[073] Ketones III specifically can be obtained by the following steps: (a) reacting a compound of Formula (E)
- where X2 is halogen, in particular, Cl or F, more specifically, F and X3 is halogen, in particular, Br, with R'-Mg-Hal or Mg and R1C(=O)Cl in the presence of a Cu(I) catalyst in an amount of 0.005 to 0.065 molar equivalents per 1 mole of compound (E), to result in compounds (F)
- and (b) reacting compound (F), as defined in step (a), with a phenol derivative of Formula (A')

[074] In the presence of a base if R'' is hydrogen; - where the variables are defined as follows: - R4 is the F or Cl; - R' is C1-C4 alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl; and - R'' is hydrogen or an alkali metal mixture.
[075] According to a preferred embodiment, the Grignard reagent R'-Mg-Hal is used in the process. R' in the Grignard reagent is C1-C4 alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl, in particular it is selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl and cyclopropyl. Specifically, R' in the Grignard reagent is selected from isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl and cyclopropyl. In a specific embodiment, R’ is isopropyl. In another embodiment, R’ is sec-butyl. Hal means halogen, in particular Cl or Br. More than one Grignard reagent can also be used in the same reaction, such as, for example, the reagent, where Hal is Br together with the respective reagent (which has the same R'), where Hal is Cl. According to one embodiment, Hal is the Cl and R' in the Grignard reagent is selected from isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl and cyclopropyl. According to another embodiment, Hal is the Br and R' in the Grignard reagent is selected from isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl and cyclopropyl. In a preferred embodiment, in the process of the present invention, the Grignard reagent is (isopropyl)-Mg-Cl or (isopropyl)-Mg-Br. In another preferred embodiment, in the process of the present invention, the Grignard reagent is (sec-butyl)-Mg-Cl or (sec-butyl)-Mg-Br.
[076] Preferably, the Grignard reagent is used in an amount of 1 eq to 2 eq, in particular from 1.1 to 1.8 eq, more specifically from 1.2 to 1.6 eq, relative to one equivalent of compound (E). In particular, amounts of 1.3 to 1.5, more especially 1.2 to 1.4 per mole of compound (E) can be favorable according to the present invention. Usually the Grignard reagent is used in excess, preferably in slight excess.
[077] In carbonyl chloride R1C(=O)Cl, R1 is C1-C6 alkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkyl, in particular selected from CH3, CH(CH3)2 and cyclopropyl.
[078] The carbonyl chloride R1C(=O)Cl is preferably used in an equimolar amount or in excess compared to the reagent of Formula (E). Specifically, carbonyl chloride is used in an amount of 1 eq to 3 eq, in particular 1.1 to 2.5 eq, more specifically 1.2 to 2 eq, relative to one equivalent of the compound ( AND). In particular, amounts of 1.3 to 1.8 eq, more specifically 1.4 to 1.6 eq per mole of compound (E) may be favorable according to the present invention. Usually, carbonyl chloride is used in excess, preferably in slight excess.
[079] Grignard's reagent is added in the manner common to the person skilled in the art. In particular, it can be added as a solution in a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether and 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran.
[080] Examples of suitable solvents for step (a) are aprotic organic solvents such as, for example, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE), toluene, ortho- xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene and mixtures thereof.
[081] The reaction temperature when adding the Grignard reagent, preferably, is kept at a maximum of 50°C, especially at a maximum of 40°C, more preferably at a maximum of 35°C. In general, preferably, it is to have a reaction temperature of 20°C to 45°C, especially room temperature to 45°C, especially 25°C to 40°C. temperature is 20°C to 35°C, specifically, 25°C to 30°C.
[082] A suitable Cu(I) catalyst for the process of the present invention is a salt of Cu(I) or Cu(I) oxide, especially a Cu(I) salt such as Cu(I) Cl or Cu(I)Br or any mixture thereof. According to a specific embodiment, Cu(I)Cl is used. In this embodiment, the Cu(I) catalyst is present in an amount of 0.005 to 0.065 molar equivalents per 1 mole of compound (E). It may be preferably used if from 0.005 to 0.055 molar equivalents per 1 mol of compound (E) are used. Also, it may be preferable if 0.055 to 0.045 molar equivalents per 1 mol of compound (E) are used, more specifically, 0.005 to 0.04 molar equivalents per 1 mol of compound (E). In particular, the amount of Cu(I) catalyst is from 0.01 to 0.03 molar equivalents per 1 mol of compound (E), more especially from 0.015 to 0.025 molar equivalents, even more especially from 0.015 to 0 .02, per 1 mol of compound (E), Specifically from 0.018 to 0.023 molar equivalents per 1 mol of compound (E). According to one embodiment, the Cu(I) catalyst is added in several portions to the reaction mixture, for example, in two portions at half the total amount.
[083] Examples of suitable solvents for step (b) are aprotic organic solvents such as, for example, dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl imidazolidinone (DMI), toluene, the -xylene, dimethyl acetamide (DMA) and any mixtures thereof. In particular, DMF, NMP, toluene and DMA or any mixtures are especially suitable, more specifically DMF.
[084] The base used in step (b) is preferably an inorganic base, according to an embodiment selected from NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3 and K2CO3, more specifically, from Na2CO3 and K2CO3. According to a special realization, Na2CO3 is used. According to another special realization, K2CO3 is used.
[085] The base can be used in solid form or as a solution, for example, as an aqueous solution.
[086] The reagents for step (b) are preferably added at room temperature and the reaction temperature is then raised, whereby the reaction temperature, after the reagents are added, is preferably maintained at a maximum of 150°C, in particular a maximum of 140°C, more preferably a maximum of 130°C. In general, preferably it is to have a reaction temperature of 20°C to 135°C in particular from 50°C to 135°C, more especially from 100°C to 130°C.
[087] See patent PCT / EP 2014/076,839 for details on conditions.
[088] The starting compounds (E) can be synthesized as known to the person skilled in the art or are also partially commercially available.
[089] If individual compounds cannot be directly obtained by the routes described above, they can be prepared through derivatization of other compounds.
[090] In case a processing of the reaction mixture in any of the reaction steps of the process of the present invention or the other processes described is suitable, it can be carried out through the procedures generally known to the person skilled in the art. Typically, the reaction mixture is extracted with a suitable organic solvent (for example aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylenes) and the residue, if appropriate, is purified by recrystallization and/or chromatography.
[091] In the definitions of the variables presented above, the collective terms that are used, in general, are representative for the substituents in question. The term "Cn-Cm" indicates the number of carbon atoms possible in each case in the substituent or substituent moiety in question.
[092] The term "halogen" refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
[093] The term "C1-C6 alkyl" refers to a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methylethyl, butyl, 1- methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethyl-butyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3, 3-di-methylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl. Likewise, the term "C2-C4 alkyl" refers to a straight or branched chain alkyl group containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as ethyl, propyl (n-propyl), 1-methylethyl (isopropyl) , butyl, 1-methylpropyl (sec-butyl), 2-methylpropyl (isobutyl), 1,1-dimethylethyl (tert-butyl).
[094] The term "C1-C6 haloalkyl" refers to an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, as defined above, in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of these groups may be replaced by halogen atoms, as appropriate. mentioned above. Examples are "C1-C2 haloalkyl" groups such as chloromethyl, bromomethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoromethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl , 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chlorodifluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl or pentafluoroethyl.
[095] The term "C2-C6 alkenyl" refers to a straight or branched chain unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and a double bond at any position. Examples are "C2-C4 alkenyl" groups such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl (allyl), 1-methylethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl , 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl.
[096] The term "C2-C6 alkynyl" refers to refers to a straight or branched chain unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and containing at least one triple bond. Examples are "C2-C4 alkynyl" groups such as ethynyl, prop-1-ynyl, prop-2-ynyl (propargyl), but-1-ynyl, but-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl, 1-methyl-prop-2 inyl.
[097] The term "C3-C8 cycloalkyl" refers to saturated monocyclic hydrocarbon radicals containing 3 to 8 carbon ring members, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloepyl or cyclooctyl.
[098] The term "C3-C8 cycloalkyl-C1-C4 alkyl" refers to alkyl containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms (as defined above), wherein a hydrogen atom of the alkyl radical is replaced by a cycloalkyl radical containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms (as defined above).
[099] The term "C1-C6 alkoxy" refers to a straight or branched chain alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms that is attached through an oxygen atom at any position in the alkyl group. Examples are "C1-C4 alkoxy" groups, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methyl-propoxy, or 1,1-dimethylethoxy.
[0100] The term "C1-C6 haloalkoxy" refers to a C1C6 alkoxy group, as defined above, in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups may be replaced by halogen atoms, as mentioned above. Examples are "C1-C4 haloalkoxy" groups such as OCH2F, OCHF2, OCF3, OCH2Cl, OCHCl2, OCCI3, chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2-bromoethoxy, 2-iodoethoxy, 2 ,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, OC2F5 , 2-fluoropropoxy, 3-fluoropropoxy, 2,2-difluoropropoxy, 2,3-difluoropropoxy, 2-chloropropoxy, 3-chloropropoxy, 2,3-dichloropropoxy, 2-bromopropoxy, 3-bromopropoxy, 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy , 3,3,3-trichloropropoxy, OCH2-C2F5, OCF2-C2F5, 1-fluoromethyl-2-fluoroethoxy, 1-chloromethyl-2-chloroethoxy, 1-bromomethyl-2-bromoethoxy, 4-fluorobutoxy, 4-chlorobutoxy, 4 -bromobutoxy or nonafluorobutoxy.
[0101] The term "phenyl-C1-C6 alkyl" refers to alkyl containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms (as defined above), in which a hydrogen atom of the alkyl radical is replaced by a phenyl radical. Likewise, the terms "phenyl-C2-C6 alkenyl" and "phenyl-C2-C6 alkynyl" refer to alkenyl and alkynyl, respectively, in which a hydrogen atom of the above mentioned radicals is replaced by a phenyl radical.
[0102] The meanings and meanings preferably described below for the variables R1, R2 and R4 apply to the compounds and the precursors of the compounds I and to the by-products in any of the processes of the present invention detailed above.
[0103] R2 in compounds I-1 prepared according to the present invention or in their precursors is as defined above. Especially preferred embodiments of R2 according to the present invention are in Table P2 below, where each row of lines P2-1 to P2-87 corresponds to a special embodiment of the present invention, where P2-1 to P2-87 are also in any combination, a preferred embodiment of the present invention.




[0104] Specifically, the following compounds from IC.1 to IC.8 can advantageously be prepared using the process according to the present invention: - Compound IC.1: 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy] )-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol; (R1 = methyl, R4 = Cl, R2 = H)
- Compound IC.2: 1-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-cyclopropyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol; (R1 = cyclopropyl, R4 = Cl, R2 = H)
- Compound IC.3: 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol; (R1 = i-propyl, R4 = Cl, R2 = H)
- Compound IC.4: 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol; (R1 = ethyl, R4 = Cl, R2 = H)
- Compound IC.5: 1-[2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methoxy-propyl]-1,2,4-triazole; (R1 = methyl, R4 = Cl, R2 = CH3)
- Compound IC.6: 1-[2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-cyclopropyl-2-methoxy-ethyl]-1,2,4-triazole; (R1 = cyclopropyl, R4 = Cl, R2 = CH3)
- Compound IC.7: 1-[2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methoxy-butyl]1,2,4-triazole; (R1 = ethyl, R4 = Cl, R2 = CH3)
- Compound IC.8: 2-[4-(4-fluorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol; (R1 = methyl, R4 = F, R2 = H)

[0105] Also see publication WO 2013/007767.
[0106] The components I comprise the chiral centers and, in general, are obtained in the form of racemates. The R and S enantiomers of the compounds can be separated and isolated in pure form with methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example using chiral HPLC. Furthermore, components that may be present in different crystal modifications, which may differ in biological activity.
[0107] Furthermore, using the crystallization step of the present invention, solvates can occur, in particular, from any of the compounds of IC.1 to IC.18 that are equally encompassed by the present invention. A further aspect of the present invention, therefore, is a crystalline solvate of compound I, in particular a crystalline solvate thereof, with a compound of Formula I selected from IC.1, IC.2, IC.3, IC. .4, IC.5, IC. 6, IC.7 and IC.8.
[0108] The process of the present invention makes it possible to prepare a specific crystalline form of 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1 -yl)butan-2-ol (compound IC.3), hereinafter also called Form A of compound IC.3, which has beneficial properties. Also see patent PCT / EP 2013/077.083.
[0109] IC.3 is known from the publication WO 2013/007767.
[0110] Form A of compound IC.3 can be characterized by its X-ray diffractogram at 25°C using Cu-Kα radiation. Said X-ray powder diffractogram shows at least six, especially at least 8, more especially at least 10 or 12 and especially all fourteen following peak positions, given in the following Table 1a as values 2θ and d spacing: TABLE 1A - Relevant reflections on the XRPD pattern of Form A of compound IC.3

[0111] Crystalline Form A of compound IC.3 is easy to handle since during production Form A is obtained in the form of crystals or discrete crystals that have increased particle size. The increased particle size and compact habit of Form A facilitate filtration of the mother liquor and allow for easier drying of solid material. Pure Form A of IC.3 is likely to exhibit increased stability over conversion to another modification. The stability of formulations containing compound IC.3 in Form A is likely to be higher than the stability of formulations containing mixtures of different modifications of compound IC.3. The term "pure Form A" is to be understood as meaning that the proportion of the modification in question, based on the total amount of compound IC.3, is at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, and especially at least 95% by weight. In addition, Form A of compound IC.3 may exhibit one or more of the following favorable properties: solubility, vapor pressure, dissolution rate, stability against a phase change to a different change, stability during milling, suspension stability , mechanical and optical properties, hygroscopicity, crystal shape and size, filterability, density, melting point, stability to decomposition, color and even chemical reactivity or biological activity.
[0112] Studies on Form A single crystals demonstrate that the underlying crystal structure is monoclinic. The unit cell has the space group P21/n. Characteristic data for the crystal structure of Form A (determined at 100 K, Cu-Kα radiation) is compiled in Table 1b below. TABLE 1B - Crystallographic characteristics of Form A of compound IC.3
- a, b, c = unit cell length - α, β, Y = unit cell angle - Z = number of molecules in the unit cell
[0113] Form A of compound IC.3 exhibits a thermogram with a characteristic melting peak in the range from 109 to 116°C. The melting point, determined as the start of the melting peak, is usually in the range a from about 114°C to 115°C. The values given herein refer to values determined by differential calorimetry (differential scanning calorimetry: DSC, closed and vented aluminum covers, heating rate of 10 K/min, ventilated with 150 mL/min nitrogen).
[0114] Form A of compound IC.3 was prepared by Example M3 as described below, followed by crystallization from a solution of compound IC.3 in lower alkanol, such as methanol. Preferably, crystallization is achieved by cooling a hot solution of compound IC.3 in the alkanol. Preferably, the hot solution has a temperature of at least 50°, for example from 50 to 70°C. Preferably, the cooling is carried out with a controlled cooling rate, the cooling rate, in particular , being from 1 to 20 K/h, especially from 2 and 10 K/h. Individual Form A crystals of compound IC.3 were obtained by diffusing heptane into a solution of compound IC.3 in 2-propanol.
[0115] Crystallization of Form A can be promoted or accelerated by seeding with seed crystals of Form A of compound IC.3, for example, by adding seed crystals of Form A before or during crystallization. If seed crystals are added during crystallization, their amount is usually from 0.001 to 10% by weight, often from 0.005 to 5% by weight, especially from 0.01 to 1% by weight and, especially from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, based on the total amount of compound IC.3 to be crystallized.
[0116] Form A of compound IC.3 is suitable as a fungicide, that is, for the control of harmful fungi, in particular, for the control of pathogenic fungi of plants.
[0117] Other forms of compound IC.3, i.e., Forms B, C and D have been found. They represent separate aspects of the present invention.
[0118] Form B of IC.3 can be obtained by sudden cooling from aromatic solvents (for example, toluene or p-xylene). TABLE 2A - Relevant reflections on the XRPD pattern of Form B of IC.3

[0119] Form C can be obtained by evaporating solutions of IC.3 from various solvents, often together with Form A. Single crystals are obtained from the evaporation experiment with DMF. TABLE 3A
[0120] Relevant reflections on the XRPD pattern of Form C of IC.3

- a, b, c = length of unit cell edges - α, β, Y = unit cell angle - Z = number of molecules in unit cell
[0121] Form D can be obtained by evaporating a solution of IC.3 in DMSO. TABLE 4A - Relevant reflections on the XRPD pattern of Form D of IC.3

[0122] Forms A, B, C and D of IC.3 are suitable as fungicides, that is, for the control of harmful fungi, in particular, for the control of pathogenic fungi of plants. They may have advantages in terms of their handling and formulation properties. Therefore, the present invention relates to the use of Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3 for the control of harmful fungi, in particular, for the control of pathogenic fungi on plants .
[0123] Therefore, the present invention also relates to agrochemical compositions containing the crystalline Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of the compound IC.3 and also one or more auxiliaries, conventionally used for the formulation of plant protection agents, in particular plant protection agents in the form of aqueous suspension concentrates (denominated SC) or non-aqueous suspension concentrates (denominated OD), and vegetable protection agents in the form of powders (called WP) and granules (called WG) dispersible in water.
[0124] The present invention also relates to a method for the control of harmful fungi, in particular, for the control of pathogenic fungi on plants, this method comprises the treatment of fungi or plants, soil, seeds or non-living materials with the crystalline form(s) A, C and/or D of compound IC.3, preferably, as a preparation of the suitable active substance, is used in vegetables, their habitat and/or on seeds.
[0125] They can be used to combat fungi in a wide spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, including soil fungi, which especially derive from the classes of Plasmodiophoromycetes, Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes (Deuteromycetes (Deuteromycetes) syn. Fungi imperfecti). Some are systemically effective and can be used in plant protection as foliar fungicides, seed coating fungicides and soil fungicides. Furthermore, they are suitable for combating harmful fungi, which occur, inter alia, in wood or plant roots.
[0126] They are especially important in the control of a wide variety of phytopathogenic fungi in various crop plants, such as cereals, for example, wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; sugar beet, for example sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries and currants; leguminous vegetables such as lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans; oleaginous vegetables such as rapeseed, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoa, castor oil vegetables, palm oil, peanuts or ground soybeans; cucurbits, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fiber vegetables such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit and mandarins; vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, pumpkins or paprika; lauraceous vegetables such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; vegetables for raw materials and energy, such as corn, soy, rapeseed, sugar cane or palm oil; corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; the vines (table grapes and grape juice from vines); hop; lawn, sweet leaf (also called Stevia); natural rubber vegetables or ornamental and forestry vegetables, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved or evergreen trees, for example, conifers, and in vegetable propagation material, such as seeds, and culture material of these vegetables.
[0127] They can also be used for the protection of plant propagation material against infection by phytopathogenic fungi. The term "plant propagation material" is to be understood as denoting all the generative parts of the vegetable, such as seeds and vegetative plant material, such as grafts and tubers (eg potatoes), that can be used for the multiplication of the vegetable. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, stems, shoots and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which will be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the ground. These young vegetables can also be protected before transplanting from a full or partial treatment through dipping or dumping.
[0128] They can also be used to control harmful fungi in the protection of stored products or crops and in the protection of materials. The term "materials protection" should be understood to indicate the protection of technical and non-living materials, such as adhesives, glues, wood, paper and cardboard, textiles, leather, paint dispersions, plastics, cooling lubricants, fiber or tissues, against infestation and destruction by harmful microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Regarding the protection of wood and other materials.
[0129] In addition, said crystalline forms of compound IC.3 and the agrochemical compositions that contain them can also be used in crops whose reproduction, including genetic engineering methods, are tolerant to attack by insects or fungi. Plants that have been modified through reproduction, mutagenesis or genetic engineering, for example, have become tolerant to applications of specific classes of herbicides, such as auxin herbicides, such as dicamba or 2,4-D; bleaching herbicides, such as hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors or phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors; acetolactate synthetase (ALS) inhibitors such as the sulfonyl ureas or imidazolinones; 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthetase inhibitors (EPSPS), such as glyphosate; glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors such as glufosinate; protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors, lipid biosynthesis inhibitors such as acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors (ACCase), or oxynyl herbicides (ie, bromoxynil or ioxynil) as a result of standard methods of breeding or genetic engineering. In addition, plants have been made resistant to several classes of herbicides through multiple genetic modifications, such as resistance to glyphosate and glufosinate or to glyphosate and one herbicide, from the other class, such as ALS inhibitors, ALS inhibitors. HPPD, auxin herbicides, ACCase inhibitors. Such herbicide resistance technologies, for example, are described in Pest Management Science 61, 2005, 246, 61, 2005, 258, 61, 2005, 277, 61, 2005, 269, 61, 2005, 286, 64, 2008, 326; 64, 2008, 332; Weed Science 57, 2009, 108; Austral.J. of Agricultural. Res. 58, 2007, 708; Science 316, 2007, 1185, and references cited above. Several cultivated vegetables have been made tolerant to herbicides through standard breeding methods (mutagenesis), eg Clearfield® summer rape (Canola, BASF SE, Germany), being tolerant to imidazolinones, eg imazamox, or sunflowers ExpressSun® (DuPont, USA), being tolerant to sulfonyl ureas, eg tribenuron. Genetic engineering methods have been used to make cultivated vegetables such as soybeans, cotton, corn, beets and rapeseed tolerant to herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate, some of which are commercially available under the trade name RoundupReady® ( glyphosate tolerant, Monsanto, USA), Cultivance® (imidazolinone tolerant, BASF SE, Germany) and LibertyLink® (glufosinate tolerant, Bayer CropScience, Germany).
[0130] Said Forms of compound IC.3 and their compositions, respectively, can be used to improve the health of a vegetable. The present invention also relates to a method for improving plant health by treating a plant, its propagation material and/or location where the plant grows or should grow with an effective amount of said crystalline forms of IC.3 and their compositions, respectively. The term "plant health" should be understood to indicate a condition of the plant and/or its products, which is determined by several indicators alone or in combination with each other, such as yield (for example, increase in biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients), vegetable vigor (eg improved vegetable growth and/or greener leaves (“green effect”)), quality (eg improved content or composition of certain ingredients) and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress. The indicators identified above for the health condition of a plant can be interdependent or can work together.
[0131] Said Forms of compound IC.3 are employed as such or in the form of compositions through the treatment of fungi or plants, the propagation material of plants, such as seeds, soils, surfaces, materials or places to be protected from fungal attack with a fungicidal effective amount of the active substances. Application can be carried out before and after infection of plants, plant propagation materials such as seeds, soils, surfaces, materials or places by the fungi. Plant propagation materials may be treated with said crystalline form(s) of compound IC.3 as such or as such or a composition comprising said form(s) of compound IC.3 prophylactically or before or during planting or transplanting.
[0132] The crystalline forms of compound IC.3 and the agrochemical compositions that contain them can be used, for example, in the form of directly sprayable aqueous solutions, powders, suspensions and also aqueous, high concentration oily suspensions or other suspensions, suspensions in oil, pastes, dusting agents, spreading agents or granules by spraying, misting, dusting, dispersing or pouring. The forms of use are determined by the purposes of use that; in each case, they must ensure the best possible distribution of the active substances in accordance with the present invention.
[0133] The present invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising an auxiliary and Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3.
[0134] The agrochemical compositions according to the present invention contain any of Forms A, B, C and D of the compound IC.3. The purity, based on the modification in question, is preferably at least 80% by weight, especially at least 90% or at least 95%, based on the total amount of compound IC.3. However, the purity, based on the modification in question, can also be as low as 5% or at least 10%, based on the total amount of compound IC.3.
[0135] The agrochemical compositions, according to the present invention, also contain one or more auxiliaries, which are usual for the formulation of plant protection agents. In such agrochemical compositions, the amount of active substance, that is, the total amount of compound IC.3 and other active substances, if present, is normally in the range from 1 to 98% by weight, in particular in the range from 5 to 95% by weight, based on the total weight of the agrochemical compositions, the remainder being one or more auxiliaries.
[0136] Suitable auxiliaries are liquid vehicles, solid vehicles or excipients, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, food stimulants , compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, antifoam agents, dyes, adhesives and binders.
[0137] All solid and liquid substances, which are normally used as vehicles in plant protection agents, in particular, in herbicide formulations are possible as vehicles.
[0138] Solid vehicles, for example, are earth minerals, such as silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium and calcium sulfate. magnesium, magnesium oxide, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable products such as cereal flour, tree bark flour, wood flour, walnut flour, cellulose powder and other solid vehicles.
[0139] Liquid vehicles as well as water are also organic liquids, eg medium to high boiling mineral oil fractions such as kerosene and diesel oil, also tar oils and oils from vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example, paraffins, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes and their derivatives, alkylated benzenes and their derivatives, including mixtures of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons, for example, products marketed under the names commercials Exxsol and Solvesso, alcohols such as propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol.
[0140] Other typical auxiliaries include surface active substances, in particular wetting, emulsifying and dispersing agents (additives) normally used in vegetable protection agents, and also viscosity modifying additives (thickeners and rheology modifiers), anti-caking agents, anti-freezing agents, pH adjusting agents, stabilizers, anti-caking agents and biocides (preservatives).
[0141] The possible surface active substances are preferably anionic and nonionic surfactants. Protective colloids are also suitable surface active substances.
[0142] The amount of surface active substances, as a rule, will be from 0.1 to 50% by weight, in particular from 0.5 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the plant protection agents, according to the present invention, or from 0.5 to 100% by weight, based on the total amount of solid active substances in the formulation. Preferably, the surface active substance includes at least one anionic surface active substance and at least one nonionic surface active substance, and the ratio of anionic surface active substance and nonionic surface active substance normally is in the range from 10:1 to 1:10.
[0143] Surface active compounds, also called surfactants can be anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and their mixtures. These surfactants can be used as an emulsifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetting agent, penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon, Vol.1: Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Edition or North American Edition).
[0144] Examples of anionic surfactants include alkylaryl sulfonates, aromatic sulfonates, eg lignin sulfonates (Borresperse, Borregaard types), phenyl sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates (Morwet, Akzo Nobel types), dibutylnaphthalene sulfonates (Nekal types), BASF alkyl, in particular fatty alcohol sulphates, lauryl sulphates, and sulphates hexadeca-, heptadeca- and octadecanols, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl ether sulphates, in particular fatty alcohol sulphates of (poly)glycol ether, sulphates of arylalkyl ether, alkyl polyglycol ether phosphates, polyarylphenyl ether phosphates, alkylsulfosuccinates, olefin sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, taurides, sarcosides, fatty acids, alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acids, naphthalene sulfonic acids, naphthalene acids condensation of sulfonated naphthalenes with formaldehyde, condensation products of sulfonated naphthalenes with formal oxide and phenol and optionally urea and, the condensation products of phenolsulfonic acid with urea and formaldehyde, liquor from lignin sulfite residues, alkyl phosphates, alkylaryl phosphates, for example, tristyryl phosphates, and polycarboxylates, such as such as, for example, polyacrylates, maleic anhydride / olefin copolymers (eg Sokalan® CP9, BASF), including the alkali metal, alkaline earth, ammonium and amine salts of such substances. Preferably anionic surface active substances are those which bear at least one sulphonate group and in particular the alkali metal and its ammonium salts.
[0145] Examples of nonionic surface active substances are alkylphenol alkoxylates, in particular, ethoxylates and ethoxylates-copropoxylates of octylphenol, isooctylphenol, nonylphenol, and tributylphenol, di- and tristyrylphenol alkoxylates, alcohol alkoxylates, in particular , fatty alcohol ethoxylates and fatty alcohol ethoxylate-copropoxylates, for example, isotridecanol alkoxylates, fatty amine alkoxylates, polyoxyethylene glycerol fatty acid esters, castor oil alkoxylate alkoxylates, castor oil alkoxylate alkoxylates, alkoxylate castor acid alkoxylates, alkoxylates fatty acid amides, fatty acid polydiethanolamides, lanolin ethoxylates, polyglycol fatty acid esters, isotridecyl alcohol, fatty acid ethoxylated amides, ethoxylated fatty acid esters, alkyl polyglycosides, ethoxylated fatty acid alkyl sorbitan polyglycosides, , ethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerol fatty acid esters, oxides of low molecular weight polyalkylene such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene oxide, di- and tri-block copolymers of polyethylene oxide propylene cooxide, and mixtures thereof. Preferred nonionic surface active substances are fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl polyglycosides, glycerol fatty acid esters, castor oil ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, fatty acid amide ethoxylates, lanolin ester ethoxylates of fatty acid polyglycol, ethylene oxide propylene oxide block copolymers and mixtures thereof.
[0146] Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, eg quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines. Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkyl betaines and imidazolines. Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are the alkaline salts of polyacrylic acid. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamines or polyethyleneamines.
[0147] Protective colloids are usually amphiphilic, water-soluble polymers which, unlike the surfactants mentioned above, typically have molecular weights greater than 2000 daltons (number average). Examples thereof are proteins and denatured proteins such as casein, polysaccharides such as water-soluble starch derivatives and cellulose derivatives, hydrophobically modified starches and celluloses, for example methyl cellulose, and also polycarboxylates such as polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid copolymers and maleic acid copolymers (BASF type SOKALAN), polyvinyl alcohol (Mowiol type from Clariant), polyalkoxylate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl amines, polyethyleneimines (Lupasol type from BASF) and the oxides of higher molecular weight polyalkylene such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene oxides, polyethylene oxide and copolypropylene oxide di- and tri-block copolymers.
[0148] The agrochemical compositions according to the present invention may also contain one or more viscosity modifying additives (rheology modifying agents). These are understood in particular to mean substances and mixtures of substances which impart a modified flow behavior to the formulation, for example a high viscosity in the resting state and low viscosity in the moving state. The nature of the rheology modifier is determined by the nature of the formulation. As examples of rheology modifying agents, inorganic substances, for example, layer silicates and organically modified layer silicates, such as bentonites or attapulgites (for example, Attaclay®, Engelhardt Co.), and organic substances, such as polysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides such as xanthan® gum (Kelzan® from Kelco Co.), Rhodopol® 23 (Rhone Poulenc) or Veegum® (RT Vanderbilt Co.) should be mentioned. The amount of viscosity modifying additives is often 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the vegetable protecting agent.
[0149] Examples of defoamers are silicone emulsions known for this purpose (Silikon® SRE, Wacker Co. or Rhodorsil® from Rhodia Co.), long-chain alcohols, fatty acids and their salts, suds suppressors. aqueous wax dispersion type, solid foam suppressors (so-called compounds) and organofluorine compounds and their mixtures. The amount of the defoamer is normally 0.1 to 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the vegetable protecting agent.
[0150] The agrochemical compositions, according to the present invention, may also contain preservatives for stabilization. Suitable preservatives are those based on isothiazolones, for example, Proxel® from ICI Co., or Acticide® from Thor Chemie Co. or Kathon® MK from Rohm & Hass Co. The amount of preservative is typically 0.05 to 0 .5% by weight, based on the total weight of SC.
[0151] Aqueous agrochemical compositions, ie those with an aqueous vehicle, often contain the antifreeze agents. Suitable antifreeze agents are liquid polyols, for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or glycerin, and urea. The amount of antifreeze agent, as a rule, is from 1 to 20% by weight, in particular from 5 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous vegetable protecting agent.
[0152] If the agrochemical composition, which contains the crystalline Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3, is used for seed treatment, it may also contain the normal components, such as those used for seed treatment, for example, coating or coating. In addition to the above-mentioned components, in particular, they include dyes, adhesives, excipients and plasticizers.
[0153] All dyes and pigments usual for these purposes are possible as dyes. Low water solubility pigments as well as water soluble dyes are usable in the present. As examples, the dyes and pigments known under the names Rhodamin B, CI Pigment Red 112 and CI Solvent Red 1, Pigment Blue 15:4, Pigment Blue 15:3, Pigment Blue 15:2, Pigment Blue 15:1, Pigment Blue 80, Pigment Yellow 1, Pigment Yellow 13, Pigment Red 48:2, Pigment Red 48:1, Pigment Red 57:1, Pigment Red 53:1, Pigment Orange 43, Pigment Orange 34, Pigment Orange 5, Pigment Green 36 , Pigment Green 7, Pigment White 6, Pigment Brown 25, Basic Violet 10, Basic Violet 49, Acid Red 51, Acid Red 52, Acid Red 14, Acid Blue 9, Acid Yellow 23, Basic Red 10 and Basic Red 108 can be mentioned. The amount of colorant will normally not consist of an amount greater than 20% by weight of the formulation and preferably ranges from 0.1 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation.
[0154] All binders normally usable in roofing are under consideration as adhesives. Examples of suitable binders include thermoplastic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tylose and also the polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polybutenes, polyisobutenes, polystyrene, polyethylene amines, polyethylene amides, the above-mentioned protective colloids polyesters, polyether esters, polyanhydrides, polyester urethanes, polyester amides, thermoplastic polysaccharides, for example cellulose derivatives such as cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, cellulose ether esters, including cellulose from methyl, ethyl cellulose, methyl hydroxycellulose, methyl carboxycellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and starch derivatives and modified starches, dextrins, maltodextrins, alginate and chitosans, as well as fats, oils, proteins, including casein, gelatin and zein, arabic gum and shellac. The adhesives are preferably vegetable compatible, i.e. they have no or no significant phytotoxic effect. Adhesives are preferably biodegradable. The adhesive is preferably selected in such a way that it acts as a matrix for the active components of the formulation. The amount of adhesive will normally not consist of an amount greater than 40% by weight of the formulation and preferably is in the range from 1 to 40% by weight and especially in the range from 5 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the agrochemical composition.
[0155] In addition to the adhesive, the agrochemical composition for seed treatment can also contain inert excipients. Examples are the solid carriers referred to above, in particular finely divided inorganic materials such as clays, chalk, bentonite, kaolin, talc, perlite, mica, silica gel, diatomaceous earth, powdered quartz and montmorillonite, but also fine particulate organic materials such as wood flour, cereal flour, activated carbon and the like. The amount of excipient is preferably selected such that the total amount of excipient does not exceed 70% by weight, based on the total weight of all non-volatile components of the formulation. Often, the amount of excipient is in the range from 1 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of all non-volatile components of the agrochemical composition.
[0156] In addition, the agrochemical composition for seed treatment may also contain a plasticizer that increases the flexibility of the coating. Examples of plasticizers are oligomeric polyalkylene glycols, glycerin, dialkyl phthalates, alkylbenzyl phthalates, glycol benzoates and similar compounds. The amount of plasticizer in the coating often ranges from 0.1 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of all non-volatile components of the agrochemical composition.
[0157] A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to liquid formulations of Forms A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3, respectively. In addition to the solid phase of the active substance, they have at least one liquid phase, in which said forms of compound IC.3 are present in the form of dispersed particles. The possible liquid phases essentially are water and organic solvents in which the forms of the compounds IC.3, respectively, are only slightly soluble or insoluble, for example, those in which the solubilities of the forms of the compounds IC.3, respectively , at 25°C and 1,013 mbar is not more than 1% by weight, in particular not more than 0.1 by weight, and especially not more than 0.01% by weight.
[0158] According to a first embodiment preferably, the liquid phase is selected from water and aqueous solvents, that is, solvent mixtures that, in addition to water, also contain up to 20% by weight, preferably in the However, not more than 10% by weight, based on the total amount of water and solvent, of one or more water-miscible organic solvents, for example, the water-miscible ethers, such as tetrahydrofuran, methyl glycol, diglycol of methyl, alkanols such as isopropanol or polyols such as glycol, glycerin, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol and the like. Such formulations are also referred to below as suspension concentrates (SCs).
[0159] These suspension concentrates contain the compound IC.3 in a particulate form, wherein the particles of Forms A, B, C and/or D present are suspended in an aqueous phase. The size of the active substance particles, ie the size at which 90% by weight of the active substance particles does not exceed, normally at present is less than 30 µm, in particular less than 20 µm. Advantageously, in SCs according to the present invention, at least 40% by weight and especially at least 60% by weight of the particles have diameters of less than 2 µm.
[0160] In such SCs, the amount of active substance, that is, the total amount of tembotrione and other active substances, if necessary, is usually in the range from 5 to 70% by weight, especially in the range from from 10 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the suspension concentrate.
[0161] In addition to the active substance, aqueous suspension concentrates usually contain the surface active substances, and also, if necessary, antifoam agents, thickeners (= rheology modifiers, antifreeze agents), stabilizers (biocides), adjustment agents pH and anti-caking agents.
[0162] Possible surface active substances are the previously named surface active substances. Preferably, the protective agents for aqueous vegetables according to the present invention contain at least one of the above-named anionic surfactants and, if necessary, one or more non-ionic surfactants, if necessary, in combination with a colloid protector. The amount of surface active substances, as a rule, will be from 1 to 50% by weight, in particular from 2 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of aqueous SCs, according to the present invention. Preferably, surface active substances include at least one anionic surface active substance and at least one nonionic surface active substance, and the ratio of anionic and nonionic surface active substance is normally in the range a from 10:1 to 1:10.
[0163] Regarding the nature and amount of antifoam agents, thickeners, antifreeze agents and biocides, the same applies as mentioned above.
[0164] If necessary, the aqueous SCs, according to the present invention, can contain the buffers for pH regulation. Examples of buffers are alkali metal salts of weak inorganic or organic acids, such as, for example, phosphoric acid, boric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid and succinic acid .
[0165] According to a second embodiment preferably, the liquid phase consists of non-aqueous organic solvents in which the solubility of Forms A, B, C and/or D of compound IC.3 at 25° C and 1013 mbar is not more than 1% by weight, in particular not more than 0.1%, and especially not more than 0.01%. These, in particular, include aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons and oils, in particular those of vegetable origin, also C1-C4 alkyl esters of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids or mixtures of fatty acids, in particular, methyl esters, for example, methyl oleate, methyl stearate and rapeseed oil methyl ester, but also paraffin mineral oils and the like. Therefore, the present invention also relates to vegetable protection agents, in the form of a non-aqueous suspension concentrate, which will also be referred to below as OD (oil dispersion). Such ODs contain Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3, respectively, in particulate form, wherein the particles are present suspended in a non-aqueous phase. The size of the active substance particles, ie the size which 90% by weight of the active substance particles does not exceed, normally at present is less than 30 µm, in particular less than 20 µm. Advantageously, the non-aqueous suspension concentrates have at least 40% by weight and in particular at least 60% by weight of the particles having diameters of less than 2 µm.
[0166] In such ODs, the amount of active substance, that is, the total amount of compound IC.3 and other active substances, if necessary, is usually in the range from 10 to 70% by weight, especially in the range from 20 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous suspension concentrate.
[0167] In addition to the active substance and the liquid vehicle, the non-aqueous suspension concentrates usually contain the surface active substances, also the defoaming agents, if necessary, the rheology modifiers and stabilizers (biocides).
[0168] The possible surface active substances are preferably the previously named anionic and nonionic surfactants. The amount of surface active substances, as a rule, will be from 1 to 30% by weight, in particular from 2 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous SCs according to the present invention. Preferably, surface active substances include at least one anionic surface active substance and at least one nonionic surface active substance, and the ratio of anionic surface active substance to nonionic surface active substance normally is in the range from 10:1 to 1:10.
[0169] Forms A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3, respectively, can also be formulated as protective agents for solid vegetables. These include powder, spreading and dusting agents, but also water-dispersible powders and granules, for example coated, impregnated and homogeneous granules. Such formulations can be produced by mixing or simultaneously grinding Forms A, B, C and/or D of compound IC.3 with a solid carrier and, if necessary, other additives, in particular surface active substances. Granules can be produced by binding active substances to solid carriers. Solid vehicles are mineral earths such as silicic acids, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide magnesium, ground plastics, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate, ureas, and plant-based products such as cereal flour, tree bark flour, wood flour and bark flour of walnut, cellulose powders and other solid carriers. Solid formulations can also be produced by spray drying, if necessary, in the presence of inorganic or polymeric drying aids and, if necessary, in the presence of solid carriers. For the production of solid formulations of Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3, respectively, extrusion processes, fluid bed granulation, spray granulation and comparable technologies are suitable .
[0170] Possible surface active substances are the previously named surfactants and protective colloids. The amount of surface active substances, as a rule, will be from 1 to 30% by weight, in particular from 2 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the solid formulation according to the present invention.
[0171] In such solid formulations, the amount of active substance, that is, the total amount of tembotrione and other active substances if necessary, is usually in the range from 10 to 70% by weight, especially in the range from from 20 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the solid formulation.
[0172] The following formulation examples illustrate the production of such preparations: (I) Water-dispersible powder
[0173] 20 parts by weight of Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3 are well mixed with 3 parts by weight of the sodium salt of diisobutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, 17 parts by weight of sodium salt of a ligninsulfonic acid from a residual liquor sulfite and 60 parts by weight of powdered silica gel and ground in a hammer mill. In this way, a water-dispersible powder containing the respective Form A is obtained. (II) Sprinkling agent
[0174] 5 parts by weight of Forms A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3 are mixed with 95 parts by weight of finely divided kaolin. In this way, a dusting agent is obtained, which contains 5% by weight of the respective Form A. (III) Concentrate in non-aqueous suspension
[0175] 20 parts by weight of Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3 are intimately mixed with 2 parts by weight of the calcium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 8 parts by weight of polyglycol fatty alcohol ether, 2 parts by weight of the sodium salt of a phenolsulfonic acid condensate of urea formaldehyde and 68 parts by weight of a paraffinic mineral oil. A stable non-aqueous suspension concentrate of the respective Form A is obtained. (IV) Non-aqueous suspension concentrate
[0176] 20 parts by weight of Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3 are milled into a fine active substance suspension in a stirred ball mill, with the addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants and wetting agents and 70 parts by weight of a paraffinic mineral oil. A stable, non-aqueous suspension concentrate of the respective Form A is obtained. On dilution with water, a stable suspension of the respective Form A is obtained. The active substance content in the formulation is 20% by weight. (V) Aqueous suspension concentrate
[0177] 10 parts by weight of Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3 are formulated as an aqueous suspension concentrate in a solution of 17 parts by weight of a block copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol)(propylene glycol), 2 parts by weight of a phenolsulfonic acid condensed formaldehyde and about 1 part by weight of other additives (thickening agents, suds suppressors) in a mixture of 7 parts by weight of propylene glycol and 63 parts by weight of water. (VI) Concentrate in aqueous suspension
[0178] 20 parts by weight of Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3 are milled into a fine active substance suspension in a stirred ball mill with the addition of 10 parts in weight of dispersants and wetting agents and 70 parts by weight of water. On dilution with water, a stable suspension of the respective Form A is obtained. The active substance content in the formulation is 20% by weight. (VII) Water-dispersible and water-soluble granules
[0179] 50 parts by weight of Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3 are finely ground with the addition of 50 parts by weight of dispersants and wetting agents and formulated as water-soluble granules or dispersible in water by means of industrial devices (eg extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). On dilution with water, a stable solution or dispersion of the respective Form A is obtained. The formulation has an active substance content of 50% by weight. (VIII) Water-dispersible and water-soluble powder
[0180] 75 parts by weight of Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3 are milled in a rotor-stator mill, with the addition of 25 parts by weight of dispersants and wetting agents and also silica gel. On dilution with water, a stable solution or dispersion of the respective Form A is obtained. The active substance content of the formulation is 75% by weight. (IX) Gel formulations
[0181] 20 parts by weight of Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3, 10 parts by weight of dispersant, 1 part by weight of gelling agent and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent is ground to a fine suspension in a ball mill. On dilution with water, a stable suspension of the respective Form A is obtained. The active substance content of the formulation is 20% by weight. (X) Directly usable granules (GR, FG, GG, MG)
[0182] 0.5 parts by weight of Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3 are finely ground and combined with 99.5 parts by weight of vehicles. Common processes at present are extrusion, spray drying or fluid bed. Therefore, granules for direct application with 0.5% by weight of the active substance content are obtained.
[0183] The application of Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3 or the agrochemical composition that contains them is carried out, if the formulation is not yet ready for use, in the form of aqueous spray fluids. These are prepared by diluting said compositions containing Form(s) A, B, C and/or D of compounds IC.3 with water. Spray fluids may also contain other components in dissolved, emulsified or suspended form, e.g. fertilizers, other herbicide active substances or groups of growth-regulating active substances, other active substances, e.g. combating animal pests or phytopathogenic fungi or bacteria, as well as mineral salts that are used to eliminate nutritional deficiencies and trace elements, and non-phytotoxic oils and oil concentrates. As a rule, these components are added to the spray fluid, before, during or after the dilution of the formulations according to the present invention. The user applies the composition, in accordance with the process of the present invention, generally from a pre-dosing device, a backpack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, or an irrigation system. Usually, the agrochemical composition consists of water, buffer and/or other auxiliaries for the desired application concentration and the ready-to-use spray solution or agrochemical composition according to the present invention is therefore obtained. Typically 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of ready-to-use spray solution is applied per hectare of useful agricultural area.
[0184] When used in plant protection, the amounts of IC.3 compounds are applied, depending on the type of effect desired, from 0.001 to 2 kg per ha, preferably from 0.005 2 kg per hectare, from more preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per ha, and especially from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha.
[0185] In the treatment of plant propagation materials, such as seeds, for example, by dusting, coating or soaking the seeds, the amounts of compounds IC.3 from 0.1 to 1,000 g, preferably, from 1 to 1000 g, more preferably from 1 to 100 g and more preferably from 5 to 100 g, per 100 kg of plant propagation material (preferably seeds), in general, are required).
[0186] When used in the protection of stored materials or products, the amounts of IC.3 compounds applied depend on the type of application area and the desired effect. The normally applied amounts of the protective materials are from 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably from 0.005 g to 1 kg, of active substance per cubic meter of treated material.
[0187] Various types of oils, wetting agents, adjuvants, fertilizers, or micronutrients and other pesticides (eg, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, protective agents, biopesticides) can be added to active substances, or to compositions comprising them as a premix or, if appropriate, not until just before use (tank mix). These agents can be mixed with the compositions according to the present invention in a weight ratio of from 1:100 to 100:1, preferably from 1:10 to 10:1. EXAMPLES AND FIGURES
[0188] The following Figures and Examples further illustrate the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any way.
[0189] Figure 1-1 shows an X-ray powder diffraction diagram of Form A of compound IC.3.
[0190] Figure 1-2 shows a DSC trace of Form A of compound IC.3, melting point at 114°C
[0191] Figure 2-1 illustrates an X-ray powder diffraction diagram of Form B of compound IC.3 [(signals marked with * may be due to a lower content of Form A)].
[0192] Figure 3-1 illustrates an X-ray powder diffraction diagram of Form C of compound IC.3.
[0193] Figure 4-1 illustrates an X-ray powder diffraction diagram of Form D of compound IC.3.
[0194] Figure 4-2 shows a DSC trace of Form D of compound IC.3, melting point at about 55°C ANALYTICAL
[0195] The X-ray powder diffractogram was recorded with a Panalytical X'Pert Pro diffractometer in the reflection geometry in the range from 2θ = 3° to 3° with a step width of 0.0167° using Cu radiation -Kα (1.54178 A) at 25°C. The recorded 2θ values were used to calculate the d values. The peak intensity (linear intensity count) is plotted against the 2θ angle (x axis in 2θ).
[0196] Single crystal X-ray diffraction data were collected at 100 K in a Bruker AXS CCD detector, using graphite monochrome Cu-Kα radiation (À = 1.54178 A). The structure was solved with direct methods, refined and expanded through Fourier techniques with the SHELX software package (GM Sheldrick, SHELX-97, University of Gottingen, 1997). Absorption correction was performed with the SADABS software.
[0197] The DSC was performed on a Mettler Toledo DSC 823e module. The sample was placed in closed but vented aluminum lids. The sample size was 3 mg. The thermal behavior was analyzed in the range of 30 to 200° C using a heating rate of 10° C/min and a nitrogen current of 150 mL min. Melting point values and polymorphic transitions were confirmed by a Mettler Hot Stage in combination with a light microscope. EXAMPLES
[0198] The following Examples further illustrate the present invention and do not restrict the present invention in any way. Other compounds II and I, respectively, as described above, can be prepared analogously to the following examples. EXAMPLE N1 - Synthesis of 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-oxirane
[0199] 65 g of water (3.61 mol) are charged at room temperature. 346.6 g (2.72 mol) of dimethyl sulfate are added under stirring. The temperature is increased to 33°C.
[0200] 180.3 g (2.87 mol) of dimethyl sulfide are dissolved within 90 minutes at 33 to 39° C (container internal temperature control). The first 50 g is dosed more slowly (within 30 minutes) than the rest due to the highly exothermic reaction. Post-shake period after completion of dosing: 15 minutes at 38°C.
[0201] Fused 1-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanone (1.77 mol) (about 60°C) is added. 400 g of KOH pellets (85% by weight, 6.06 mol) are added while stirring in 6 portions (30 g, 30 g, 40 g, 100 g, 100 g, 100 g) at 35 to 45° C. Then, stirring was continued for 2 h at 38°C. A sample of the reaction mixture showed complete ketone conversion (HPLC).
[0202] 2,500 g of water at 60°C were added and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. The lower organic product phase is separated and dissolved in DMF. Dimethyl sulfide is removed through distillation. 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-oxirane was determined by quantitative HPLC chromatography in DMF solution (1.75 mol), 99.2% of theory relative to the ketone starting material material. EXAMPLE N2 - Synthesis of 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-oxirane
[0203] 4.8 g of water (0.27 mol) were charged at room temperature. 25.5 g (0.2 mol) of dimethyl sulphate were added under stirring. The temperature was raised to 33°C.
[0204] 13.3 g (0.21 mol) of dimethyl sulfide are dissolved within 90 minutes at 33 to 39°C (container internal temperature control). The first 5 g were dosed more slowly (within 30 minutes) than the rest due to the highly exothermic reaction. Post-shake period after completion of dosing: 15 minutes at 38°C.
[0205] Fused 1-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanone (0.13 mol) (at about 60°C) at 35°C was added. 31 g of KOH pellets, 85% by weight (0.47 mol) were added with stirring in one portion at 35 to 45°C. Then, stirring was continued for 1.5 h at 40°C. of the reaction mixture showed complete ketone conversion (HPLC).
[0206] 220 g of water at 41°C were added and the mixture was heated at 60°C for 10 minutes. The stirrer was stopped and the lower organic product phase was separated, dissolved in DMF and the dimethyl sulfide was removed by distillation. 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-oxirane was determined by quantitative HPLC chromatography in 50 g of DMF solution (0.122 mol), 96.9% of the theory with respect to the starting material of the ketone. EXAMPLE N3 - Synthesis of 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-oxirane
[0207] 40 g (0.314 mol) of dimethyl sulphate were added at room temperature and 8 g (0.444 mol) of water were added under stirring.
[0208] 22.5 g (0.359 mol) of dimethyl sulfide were dosed at 20 to 44°C within about 60 minutes (container internal temperature control). Post-shake period after completion of dosing: 1 h at 37°C and overnight at room temperature.
[0209] 43 g (0.651 mol, 85% w/w) of KOH pellets were added at 25°C (exothermic, temperature increase to 32°C). Then, the molten 1-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanone (0.13 mol) (about 60°C) was dosed at 30 to 43°C for 15 minutes. Then, stirring was continued for 2 h at 39°C. A sample of the reaction mixture showed complete ketone conversion (HPLC).
[0210] 310 g of water were added at 38°C and the mixture was heated at 60°C for 10 minutes. The stirrer was stopped and the lower organic product phase was separated and dissolved in 33.7 g of DMF. 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-oxirane was determined by quantitative HPLC chromatography in solution with 96.4% (0.122 mol) relative to the ketone starting material . EXAMPLE N4 - Synthesis of 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-oxirane
[0211] 15 g of dimethyl sulfide (0.239 mol) and 5.4 g of water (0.3 mol) were charged at room temperature. The temperature was increased to 35°C.
[0212] 26 g (0.204 mol) of dimethyl sulphate were added under stirring at 35 to 39°C for 30 minutes. Post-shake period after completion of dosing: 3 h at 36°C.
[0213] The molten 1-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanone (0.13 mol) was added as a melt. 31 g of KOH pellets (85% by weight, 0.47 mol) were slowly metered in from 20°C. Due to the exothermic reaction, the temperature rose to 35°C. Then, stirring was continued for 2 h 37°C. A sample of the reaction mixture showed complete ketone conversion (HPLC).
[0214] 205 g of water at 37°C were added and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. The lower aqueous phase was separated at 30°C. The organic product phase was concentrated by distillation to remove dimethyl sulfide. The residue was dissolved in 50 g of DMF and the product amount of 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-oxirane was determined by quantitative HPLC chromatography in DMF solution with 98.4% relative to the ketone starting material (0.128 mol). EXAMPLE M1 - Preparation 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol
[0215] 109 g (51.3 wt% in DMF, 0.1701 mol) of 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-oxirane was diluted with 105, 6 g of DMF at room temperature. 15.6 g (98% by weight, 0.221 mol) of 1,2,4-triazole and 3.47 g (0.085 mol) of NaOH flakes were added under stirring. The reaction mixture was heated to 125 to 126°C and then stirred for a total of 5 h at this temperature. An HPLC sample showed complete conversion to the desired product (ratio of triazol-1-yl / triazol-4-yl about 10:1). About 93% DMF was evaporated at 125 °C / from 300 to 60 mbar. To the concentrated reaction mixture, 150 g of butyl acetate and 92.3 g of water were added, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes. Then, the aqueous phase was separated at 80°C.
[0216] The organic phase was concentrated at 85°C / from 400 to 130 mbar by 50% (distilled from 117.6 g of butyl acetate). The solution was cooled to 60°C and seeded with the product and stirred at this temperature for 30 minutes so that the product slowly crystallized. Further cooling to 0°C at a rate of 7.5° K/h followed by suction filtration of the product, washing with 42.8 g of n-butyl acetate at 0°C and drying in a drying cabinet at 55°C / 15 mbar led to 52.1 g of product (78.1% of theory, with a purity of 98.9% determined by quantitative HPLC chromatography, Triazol-4-yl isomer: 0.74%) . EXAMPLE M2 - Preparation 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol
[0217] 50 g (83% by weight, 0.1263 mol) of 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-oxirane was dissolved in 102.9 g of DMF at room temperature. 11.6 g (0.98% by weight, 0.164 mol) of 1,2,4-triazole and 11.68 g (0.095 mol) of 4-dimethylaminopyridine were added under stirring. The reaction mixture was heated at 129°C for 22 h. An HPLC sample showed complete conversion to the desired product. The crude yield was determined by quantitative HPLC of the final reaction mixture (172.4 g at a content of 24.9%) at 85.6%.
[0218] 165 g of the reaction mixture were distilled without using a column (13 mbar, final temperature 150 °C). The first fractions contained most of DMAP. Recycling this base using a column should therefore be feasible. The distillation residue contained the desired product with a purity of 83.6%. Crystallization from an organic solvent such as toluene or n-butyl acetate is expected to significantly improve purity, according to experience with the compound. EXAMPLE M3 - 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol
[0219] 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-isopropyloxirane (92.9 g, 76.9% by weight, 0.217 mol) was dissolved in 180.6 g of DMF. To this solution, 27.4 g (98% by weight, 0.391 mol) of triazole and 4.7 g (0.117 mol) of NaOH powder were added at 25°C. After heating to 125°C, the mixture of The reaction was stirred at this temperature for 22.5 h in total. An HPLC sample still showed the remaining oxirane and a ratio of the triazole products of 10.3:1 (triazol-1-yl / triazol-4-yl). Addition of an additional 0.3 eq of triazole and stirring for an additional 2 h at 125 °C did not improve the conversion. About 79% of the DMF was evaporated down to 60°C / 4 mbar. 413 g of toluene and 205 g of water were added to the reaction mixture concentrated at 80°C. Then, the aqueous phase was separated at 55°C. The toluene solution was concentrated to 90°C / 40 mbar until a solid remained. 108 g residue. 111 g of methanol were added to the residue at 60°C. The obtained solution was cooled to -1°C at a rate of 5°C/h. The seed crystals were added at 45°C. The suspension of solids was easily stirred and was separated by suction filtration and washed 1 time with 25 g of fresh, cold (0°C) methanol. The solid compound was dried at 55°C and 50 mbar. Yield: 64.8 g (96.9% by weight, triazol-1-yl / triazol-4-yl ratio about 100:1); 73% of theory. The crystals contained residual methanol as detected as 1H NMR; Melting point: 114 to 115 °C.

权利要求:
Claims (9)
[0001]
1. PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS OF FORMULA II:
[0002]
Process according to claim 1, characterized in that essentially no organic solvent is added.
[0003]
Process according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the formation of the reagent of Formula IV and the reaction of IV with compound III are carried out as a one-pot reaction.
[0004]
Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least 2 equivalents of base per 1 equivalent of compound III are used.
[0005]
5. PROCESS according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it further comprises the following step: (ii) the reaction of the oxirane of Formula II resulting from step (i) with 1H-1,2,4-triazole and a base, resulting in compounds of Formula I
[0006]
Process according to claim 5, characterized in that an inorganic base is used and an amount of less than 1 equivalent of said inorganic base is used per 1 equivalent of compound II.
[0007]
7. Process according to any one of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that the product resulting from step (ii) is crystallized from toluene and/or ortho-xylene and/or an aliphatic alcohol and/or carbonic acid ester.
[0008]
8. Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the aliphatic alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol or any mixtures thereof.
[0009]
Process according to claim 7, characterized in that n-butyl acetate or ethyl acetate or a mixture thereof is used for crystallization.

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法律状态:
2019-10-29| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2021-06-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-06-29| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 26/06/2015, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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EP14176130.4|2014-07-08|

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EP14176130|2014-07-08|

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PCT/EP2015/064550|WO2016005211A1|2014-07-08|2015-06-26|Process for the preparation of substituted oxiranes and triazoles|

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