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    • 专利摘要:
    AEROSOLIZATION DEVICE, E, METHODS FOR DISPENSING AN AEROSOLIZED MEDICINE AND FOR USE OF AN AEROSOLIZED DEVICE Modalities provide an aerosolization device to provide aerosolized medicine to the user. The aerosolization device includes a conduit, aerosol generator, a fluid receiving chamber, a restrictor within the conduit, and an indicator mechanism. The conduit has an inner wall and a mouthpiece end to cause inspiratory flow. The aerosol generator includes a vibrating mesh laterally displaced from the inner wall. The fluid receiving chamber receives liquid medicine. At least a portion of the chamber is tapered so that liquid drug is directed to the vibrating mesh for aerosolization. The restrictor defines a plurality of orifices that provide increases in pressure differential that vary with inspiratory flow within the conduit and provides relatively laminar flow downstream of the restrictor. The indicator mechanism indicates a state of flow parameters relative to a predefined range. The aerosol generator is configured to aerosolize at least a portion of liquid drug only when inspiratory flow flow parameters are within range.
    公开号:BR112016030883B1
    申请号:R112016030883-2
    申请日:2015-06-24
    公开日:2021-07-06
    发明作者:Jim Fink；Lisa Molloy；Ronan MacLoughlin；Clair Elizabeth Lillis；Michael Joseph Casey；John Matthew Mullins；Kieran James Hyland；Joseph Martin Grehan；Niall Scott Smith
    申请人:Dance Biopharm Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED ORDERS
    [001] This Patent Cooperation Treaty application claims priority benefit to U.S. Patent Application No. 14/743,711, filed June 18, 2015; which claims priority benefit to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/019,781, filed July 1, 2014, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION
    [002] Aerosolization systems provide an effective dispensing for a variety of medications, such as insulin and asthma medications. Such systems deliver drugs directly into a user's respiratory system by aerosolizing a measured dose of the drug in liquid form. The user then inhales the aerosolized medication directly into the respiratory system, allowing for faster treatment of various medical conditions.
    [003] The delivery of consistent and properly measured doses of aerosolized medication to a user is very important. Current aerosolization systems often provide inconsistent doses by having some of the drugs remaining in a reservoir in liquid form after the aerosolization process. Additionally, aerosolized medication is often delivered with too much or too little force for substantially the entire metered dose to properly enter the user's respiratory system. Another problem with current aerosolization systems is the tendency for the drug to become contaminated by the user or other sources. Drug contamination is particularly problematic as some or all of the contaminated drugs are then dispensed directly into the user's respiratory system. Embodiments of the invention can provide solutions to these and other problems. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [004] In one embodiment, an aerosolization device is provided for dispensing the aerosolized medication to a user. The aerosolization device may include a conduit, an aerosol generator in communication with the conduit, a fluid receiving chamber in communication with the aerosol generator, a restrictor disposed within the conduit, and an indicator mechanism. The conduit may have an inner wall and a mouthpiece end through which a user can cause inspiratory flow through the conduit. The aerosol generator can include a vibratable mesh where the vibratable mesh can be displaced laterally from the inner wall. The fluid receiving chamber can receive a volume of a liquid drug. At least a portion of the fluid receiving chamber can be tapered so that substantially all of the liquid drug can be directed into the vibratable mesh for aerosolization. The restrictor can define a plurality of holes. The plurality of orifices can be configured to provide an increase in pressure differential that varies with an inspiratory flow within the conduit and to provide relatively laminar flow downstream of the restrictor compared to current downstream of the restrictor plate. The indicator mechanism can indicate to a user a state of one or more flow parameters in relation to a predefined desired range. The aerosol generator can be configured to aerosolize at least a portion of the liquid drug volume only when the one or more flow parameters of the inspiratory flow are within the desired range.
    [005] In another embodiment, a different aerosolization device is provided for dispensing an aerosolized medication to a user. The aerosolization device can include a conduit, an aerosol generator in communication with the conduit, and a fluid receiving chamber in communication with the aerosol generator. The conduit can be attachable to an accommodation. The conduit may have an inner wall and a mouthpiece end through which a user can cause inspiratory flow through the conduit. The aerosol generator can include a vibratable mesh. The vibratable mesh can be displaced laterally from the inner wall by about 1 millimeter (mm) and 6 mm. The aerosol generator can receive a volume of a liquid medicine and at least a portion of the fluid receiving chamber can be tapered so that substantially all of the liquid medicine can be directed into the vibratable mesh for aerosolization. The aerosol generator can be configured to aerosolize at least a portion of the liquid drug volume only when one or more flow parameters of an inspiratory flow are within a predefined desired range.
    [006] In another embodiment, a method of dispensing an aerosolized drug to a user's respiratory system is provided. The method may include sensing a state of a flow parameter of an inspiratory flow within a conduit. The conduit may have an inner wall and a mouthpiece end through which a user can cause inspiratory flow into the conduit. The method may also include vibrating a mesh of an aerosol generator in communication with the conduit to aerosolize a volume of a liquid drug to produce a plume of aerosolized drug within the conduit when the state of the flow parameter is within a range desired preset. The mesh can be displaced laterally from the inner wall. The plume of aerosolized medicine can be brought to the end of the mouth of the conduit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [007] The present invention is described in conjunction with the attached figures: FIG. 1A depicts an interior of an aerosolization device according to embodiments of the invention; FIG. 1B shows a cross section of FIG. 1A according to embodiments of the invention; FIG. 2 represents a front part of the aerosolization device of FIG. 1A according to embodiments of the invention; FIG. 3 illustrates a housing of the aerosolization device of FIG. 1A with the conduit and aerosol generator removed in accordance with embodiments of the invention; FIGS. 4A and 4B depict the conduit and aerosol generator of the aerosol device of FIG. 1 removed from the housing in accordance with embodiments of the invention; FIG. 5 illustrates restriction plates according to embodiments of the invention; FIG. 6 shows a restrictive plate within a conduit of an aerosolization device according to embodiments of the invention; FIG. 7 shows laminar flow created by a restrictive plate within the conduit of FIG. 6 according to embodiments of the invention; FIGs. 8A-8C depict conduits having nozzle ends at various angles in accordance with embodiments of the invention; FIG. 9 shows an input device in an aerosolization device according to embodiments of the invention; and FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a method of using an aerosolization device in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
    [008] In the attached figures, components and/or similar aspects may have the same numerical reference marker. Furthermore, several components of the same type can be distinguished by following the reference marker by a letter that distinguishes between similar components and/or features. If only the first numerical reference marker is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any of the components and/or similar aspects that have the same first numerical reference marker, regardless of the letter suffix. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [009] The following description provides only exemplary embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the invention. Rather, the subsequent description of exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with a description of authorization to implement various embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that various changes can be made in the function and arrangement of the elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set out in the appended claims. For example, any details discussed in relation to an embodiment may or may not be present in variations of this embodiment, and/or in other embodiments discussed herein.
    Described herein are embodiments of an aerosolization device to assist in the proper dispensing of an uncontaminated dose of aerosolized medication to a user's respiratory system. In many embodiments, the liquid medicament can be provided to an aerosolization device in a metered dose. The liquid medicine can be dispensed to an aerosol generator. In some embodiments, liquid medication may be provided through a chamber or reservoir that taps the liquid medication into the aerosol generator, where the liquid medication is aerosolized for dispensing into a user's respiratory system. In some embodiments, a separate container containing the liquid medicine can be coupled to the aerosolization device to provide the liquid medicine therein. The aerosol generator can be configured to aerosolize at least a portion of the liquid drug volume only when one or more flow parameters of the inspiratory flow are within a desired range.
    [0011] In some embodiments, the aerosolization device may include a conduit, an aerosol generator in communication with the conduit, a fluid receiving chamber in communication with the aerosol generator, a restrictor plate disposed within the conduit, and an indicator mechanism. In many embodiments, some or all of these components are disposed within a housing. In some embodiments, the conduit and/or aerosol generator may be removably coupled to or received within the housing. By providing a removable conduit and/or aerosol generator, the aerosolization device can be easily cleaned, thus preventing contamination and accumulation of pathogens and/or other contaminants. Removing the components also aids in drying the components. Since the aerosolization device is quickly and easily cleaned and dried in this way, there is no standing liquid that could cause aqueous bacteria to proliferate.
    [0012] In some embodiments, the conduit may include an inner wall and a mouthpiece end through which a user can cause inspiratory flow through the conduit. A user can inhale through the mouthpiece to create the inspiratory air flow that can deliver an aerosolized medication to the user. In some embodiments, the mouth end of the conduit can dispense the aerosolized medication to the user at an angle relative to a horizontal plane. Such a dispensing angle can be selected based on the dosage and type of medication to be delivered to the user's airway to ensure that a substantial portion of the aerosolized medication is delivered to the respiratory system without becoming trapped in the mouth, throat and/or other area.
    [0013] In many embodiments, a sensor is used to determine when an inspiratory flow parameter is within a desired or predefined operative range of the aerosol device and/or the aerosol generator. For example, a flow sensor or pressure transducer can be used to determine a flow or pressure differential within the conduit. Other types of sensors and flow parameters can also be used/measured. For example, the flow parameter can be an inspiratory flow, inspiratory pressure, inspiration time, and the like sensed by a flow sensor, timer, pressure transducer, or other sensing mechanism. A processing unit coupled to the sensor can compare the sensed value with a stored desired range. In some embodiments, the desired range of a flow parameter for a particular drug dispensing may correspond to the operating range of the aerosol generator. In other embodiments, the desired range of a flow parameter may be narrower or wider than the operating range of the aerosol generator.
    [0014] In some embodiments, the aerosol generator may include a vibratable mesh that is in fluid communication with the conduit. The vibratable mesh can be dome-shaped and vibrated by an annular piezoelectric element (not shown) or other electromechanical resonance device that circumscribes the vibratable mesh. The vibratable mesh is vibrated when one or more flow parameters are within an operating range of the aerosol generator. For example, a flow sensor and/or pressure transducer in communication with the conduit can detect that an inspiratory flow and/or pressure differential within the conduit is within an operating range of the aerosol generator. A processor can control a circuit to supply an electrical current to the piezoelectric element to vibrate the mesh. Typically, the vibratable mesh will be vibrated at a frequency in the range of about 50 kHz to about 150 kHz to aerosolize the dose of liquid drug.
    [0015] The vibratable mesh may be arranged at a distance from the inner wall of the conduit such that a lower surface of the vibratable mesh is offset from the most proximal wall of the conduit. This displacement ensures that substantially all pathogens or other contaminants that are introduced into the conduit will be deposited on surfaces other than the vibratable mesh, thus maintaining a clean and/or sterile source of aerosolized medication. Such pathogens and/or contaminants can be introduced into the aerosolization system by the user through a cough, sneeze or other action, or by an environmental source.
    [0016] In some embodiments, the vibratable mesh may define a plurality of holes. The plurality of holes can include more than 500 holes. In some embodiments, the plurality of holes can include more than 1000 holes. Each orifice can have an exit diameter ranging from about 1 µm to about 8 µm, preferably from about 3 µm to about 6 µm, and in some cases about 4 µm. Due to the combination of small orifice size and being displaced from the conduit, the vibratable mesh and reservoir can remain substantially clean to produce an uncontaminated plume of aerosolized medication.
    [0017] In some embodiments, the fluid receiving chamber may receive a volume of a liquid drug to be aerosolized. Any drug that is not deposited directly on the vibratable mesh can be tapered or otherwise directed to the vibratable mesh by tapered walls of the fluid receiving chamber so that substantially all of the liquid drug can be directed to the vibratable mesh for aerosolization. The fluid receiving chamber can be configured to have no more than 15 µl of the liquid drug remaining within the fluid receiving chamber after aerosolization. By dispensing the entire dose or substantially the entire dose, the vibratable mesh is kept essentially free of liquid from one dose to the next. Any remaining liquid will air dry between doses. In some cases, the time between doses can be between about 45 minutes and 2 hours. In this way, it is possible to avoid contact between the liquid and the ambient air during periods of non-use between successive uses. For pharmaceutical preparations this is particularly important as it can avoid the need to use preservatives in the liquid and avoid evaporation losses. For example, various preservative-free insulin formulations that can be used include those described in United States Patent Application No. 13/004,662, entitled "Preservative Free Insulin Formulations and Systems and Methods for Aerosolizing", which is incorporated herein by reference into its entirety.
    [0018] In many embodiments, inhaled air may pass through an arrangement of restrictors within the duct. In some embodiments, the array of restrictors can be a restrictor plate that has a plurality of holes that pass therethrough. As air passes through the orifices, the orifices provide an increase in pressure differential that varies with the inspiratory flow within the conduit. The holes also provide relatively laminar flow downstream of the restrictor plate compared to upstream of the restrictor plate. In many embodiments, holes are disposed along an outer periphery of the restraining plate. In some embodiments, the vibratable mesh may be located downstream of the restrictor plate or other restrictive arrangement and produce an aerosolized drug plume within the relatively laminar flow produced by the restrictive arrangement. In some embodiments, the restrictive arrangement can include multiple restrictive plates in series.
    [0019] The indicator mechanism can indicate to a user a state of an inspiratory flow parameter in relation to a preset desired range. For example, the indicator can be a backlit display, analog/digital or reader, speaker, vibration generating device and/or other aspect that alerts a user to the state of the parameter. In some embodiments, the parameter state can be an inspiratory flow rate, an inspiratory pressure, an inspiration time, and the like detected by a flow sensor, timer, pressure transducer, or other sensing mechanism. The indicator can inform the user if they are in or out of the desired range for the parameter.
    [0020] In some embodiments, an "end of dose" indication may be provided to a user when a full dose of the drug has been aerosolized. Such an indication may be provided on a sensor, such as a load or flow sensor, detects that substantially all of the drug has been aerosolized. Another indication can also be provided to the user informing him of when the liquid drug is actually being aerosolized by the activated vibrating mesh. Such indications may be provided by the indicating mechanism described above, such as providing a distinguishable indication of the indication of the state of the flow parameter. For example, the state of the flow parameter can be indicated by a green light and the end of dose indication can be provided by a blue light. In other embodiments, the dose indication end and/or the aerosol indication may be provided by one or more separate indicating mechanisms.
    [0021] In some embodiments, the aerosolization device may further include an input device to receive and adjust the desired preset range of the inspiratory flow parameter. For example, the input device may include a barcode reader, radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, keyboard, or any other input device that can receive user input regarding one or more inspiratory flow parameters, such as such as a desired flow rate, an inspiratory pressure, or an inspiration time. In some embodiments, the desired flow rate may be coded visually or otherwise in the medication dispensing container and read by the aerosolization device therein.
    [0022] In some embodiments, the inspiratory flow parameter may include the inspiratory flow within the conduit. The preset desired range of inspiratory flow can be between about 5 and 14 liters per minute (L/min). In some embodiments, the inspiratory flow parameter can include the inspiration time. The preset desired range of inspiration time can be between about 5 and 26 seconds. In some embodiments, multiple parameters can be measured and reported. For example, in one embodiment, a certain amount of inspiration time of a minimum inspiratory flow may be required.
    [0023] In some embodiments, the aerosolization system may include electronic elements including, but not limited to, a processing element and a memory unit. The processing element can be used to control the actuation of the aerosol generator, indicating mechanisms and input devices, as well as any sensors such as flow sensors and pressure transducers. The memory unit can be configured to store settings and ranges defined by the input device for the parameters of the indicating mechanism and/or aerosol generator. The memory unit may also be configured to store data relating to past aerosolization sessions, as well as information provided by medication dispensing containers affixed thereto.
    [0024] Turning now to the drawings, FIGs. 1A and 1B illustrate an aerosolization device 100, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention. The aerosolization device 100 includes a conduit 102 and an aerosol generator 104 in communication with the conduit 102. The aerosolization device 100 may also include one or more indicator mechanisms 106, shown herein as indicator lights. The one or more indicating mechanisms may be coupled to a housing 108 or some other portion of device 100. Conduit 102 and aerosol generator 104 may also optionally be coupled to housing 108.
    [0025] In some embodiments, conduit 102 may include a mouthpiece end 110 through which a user can inhale to produce an inspiratory flow to deliver aerosolized medication to the user's respiratory system. As seen in FIG. 1B, conduit 102 defines an inner wall 120. Aerosol generator 104 may include a vibratable mesh 112. Liquid medicine may be dispensed over the vibratable mesh 112, directly from a liquid medicine bottle or indirectly by being tapered over the mesh. vibratable 112 by tapered walls of a fluid receiving chamber 114. In many embodiments, vibrating mesh 112 is vibrated through a processor controlled mechanism to aerosolize a volume of liquid medication when an inspiratory flow rate is within an operating range of the aerosol generator 104. When vibrated, the vibratable mesh 112 operates to produce a plume of aerosolized medication within the conduit 102 so that the aerosolized conduit can be inhaled into the user's lungs.
    [0026] Examples of aerosol generators that can be used are also described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5164740; 6629646; 6926208; 7108197; 5938117; 6540153; 6540154; 7040549; 6921020; 7083112; 7628339; 5586550; 5758637; 6085740; 6467476; 6640804; 7174888; 6014970; 6205999; 6755189; 6427682; 6814071; 7066398; 6978941; 7100600; 7032590; 7195011, incorporated herein by reference. These references describe exemplary aerosol generators, ways of making such aerosol generators, and ways of supplying liquid to aerosol generators and are incorporated by reference for at least these aspects.
    [0027] In some embodiments, the vibratable mesh may be disposed at a distance 122 from the inner wall 120 of the conduit 102. For example, the vibrable mesh 112 may be disposed at a distance 122 of between about 1 mm and 6 mm from the inner wall 120. Vibrable mesh 112 can define a plurality of holes from which aerosolized drug is dispersed in conduit 102. In some embodiments, the plurality of holes can include more than 500 holes, each hole having a diameter of between about 500 1 and 8 µm. In other embodiments, the plurality of holes can include more than 1000 holes. The small size of the holes in conjunction with the vibratable mesh 112 that is displaced from the conduit 102 helps to ensure that the aerosolized drug is not contaminated. The vibratable mesh 112 may be dome-shaped and be vibrated by an annular piezoelectric element (not shown) that circumscribes the holes. The diameter of the vibratable mesh 112 can range from about 5 mm to about 8 mm. The vibratable mesh 112 may also have a thickness in the range from about 50 microns to about 70 microns. Typically, vibratable mesh 112 will be vibrated at a frequency in the range from about 50 kHz to about 150 kHz to aerosolize the dose of liquid drug.
    [0028] In some embodiments, conduit 102 may include an opening 134 that provides access to fluid receiving chamber 114. The opening 134 may have a diameter that is less than a diameter 136 of a top of the receiving chamber. of fluid 114. Such geometry ensures that the sides of a tip of a liquid medicine dispenser cannot contact the walls of the fluid receiving chamber 114 and also provides a contact point for a shoulder of a dispensing mechanism for prevent the dispensing tip from contacting the vibrating mesh 112. By preventing such contact, the tip cannot contact a volume of liquid drug inside the fluid receiving chamber 114 and pull part of the volume out of the receiving chamber of fluid 114 and/or contaminate the liquid drug.
    [0029] In some embodiments, aerosolization device 100 includes a processing unit or integrated circuit (IC) 138 that controls the function or executes computer code to control other electronic components of aerosolization device 100. aerosolization 100, including IC 138, can be powered by batteries 140 that are coupled to IC 138. IC 138 can be electrically coupled with electronic components, such as any sensors, indicating mechanisms 106 and/or a piezoelectric element of the aerosol generator 104. The IC 138 can control the actuation of the indicating mechanisms and/or the aerosol generator 104 based on information received from any sensors, such as flow sensors or pressure transducers in fluid communication with conduit 102. In some forms of In this embodiment, the IC 138 may be electrically coupled to the conduit 102 and/or aerosol generator 104 using a plug 124. The conduit 102 and/or the generator 104. The aerosol dispenser 104 may be removable/removable from the housing 108. The conduit 102 and/or the aerosol generator 104 may be inserted into the housing 108 and interfacing with the plug 124 to supply power and controlling the actuation of the aerosol generator 104 based on measurements from sensors in fluid communication with conduit 102.
    [0030] FIG. 2 shows a top view of aerosolization device 100 and indicating mechanisms 106 according to embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments, indicator mechanisms 106 can include a breath indicator 116 and a battery indicator 118. The breath indicator 116 can direct a user when and how to breathe to maximize delivery of the aerosolized medication to the user's lungs. In some embodiments, breath indicator 116 may include multiple indicators, such as multiple colored LEDs, to provide the user with more detailed guidance. The breath indicator 116 can be shaped like a chevron which includes 3 colors of LEDs.
    [0031] In some embodiments, optimal pulmonary delivery of drugs such as liquid insulin occurs at specified flow rates and inspiration times. For example, an optimal flow rate might be between about 5 and 14 L/min, or more often between about 7 and 14 L/min. Flow rates that are too high or too low can result in losses in the amount of aerosolized medication dispensed at the appropriate locations in a user's respiratory system. An optimal inspiratory time can be between 6 and 24 seconds. Breath indicator 116 can be used to direct a user to maintain an inhalation within these parameters.
    [0032] The breath indicator 116 may produce a different colored light as an "end of dose" indicator to indicate that substantially the entire dose of medication has been dispensed. For example, a blue light can be emitted for a period of time such as between about 1 and 10 seconds to alert the user that substantially the entire dose has been aerosolized and inhaled. The total dose dispensing can be predefined as when at least about 95% of the dose is dispensed, more preferably 98% and most preferably when more than 99% of the dose is aerosolized. To receive the dose, the user may take several inhalations or a single inhalation depending on the volume of liquid drug to be dispensed and the user's breathing capacity. Each inhalation can be monitored by the device, with feedback provided to the user via indicator 116, to ensure proper dispensing to the lungs. In some embodiments, the operation of the end-of-dose indicator may be delayed for a period, such as up to about 5 seconds after substantially all of the dose has been dispensed, thereby providing a "hunter" of air into the lungs. . This hunter can serve to clear the upper airway and maximize the amount of dose that is transported to the user's lungs.
    [0033] In some embodiments, a cover 126 may be coupled with the fluid receiving chamber 114 and/or housing 108 to seal the fluid receiving chamber 114 and the vibratable mesh 112 when in a closed position. Cover 126 operates to prevent pathogens or other contaminants from entering fluid receiving chamber 114. Cover 126 can operate to expose fluid receiving chamber 114 and vibrating mesh 112 when in an open position. Cover 126 may include a sliding mechanism (not shown) so that cover 126 can be moved from an open position to a closed position and back by sliding cover 126 into or over a track. In some embodiments, cover 126 is hinged so that cover 126 can be flipped open and closed. A locking mechanism (not shown) may be included to keep the cover 126 in a closed position.
    [0034] In some embodiments, one or both of the conduit 102 and the aerosol generator 104 are detachably coupled to the housing 108. FIG. 3 shows an isometric view of aerosolization device 100 having conduit 102 and aerosol generator 104 removed from an opening 128 within housing 108. Opening 128 may be configured to slidingly receive and secure one or both of conduit 102 and aerosol generator 104. Activating aerosolization device 100 may be included. Cap 124 can be positioned within opening 128 to couple conduit 102 and/or aerosol generator 104 with IC 138. Plug 124 male connector 124 of cap 124 can interface with female connector 146 of conduit 102.
    [0035] FIGS. 4A and 4B show conduit 102 and aerosol generator 104 removed from housing 108. Conduit 102 and aerosol generator 104 may be separate components and/or compartments and outer housing 132. Outer housing 132 may be configured to slide into opening 128 of housing 108. In some embodiments, outer housing 132 may include an electrical connector 142 as shown in FIG. 4B. Electrical connection 142 can be coupled to plug 124 as seen in FIGs. 1A, 1B and 3 to couple conduit 102 and/or aerosol generator 104 to IC 138. Electrical connection 142 may include a female or male connection and mate with a corresponding connection on plug 124. For example, female connector 146 may interact with the male connector 144 of the plug 124. In this way, the outer housing 132, the aerosol generator 104 and/or the conduit 102 can be removed for replacement while the housing 108, IC 138 and other components can be reused. The electrical and/or control components are often more expensive to replace than the outer housing 132, the aerosol generator 104 and/or the conduit 102, so such reuse provides a cost-effective solution when some components need to be replaced.
    [0036] FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a flow-restricting plate that may be positioned within a conduit, such as conduit 102 of FIGs. 1, 1A, 2 and 4. Restrictive plate 10 creates resistance and limits airflow through a duct while adding a minimum to no length to a duct. The 500 restrictor plate provides an increase in pressure differential that varies with inspiratory flows. This pressure differential exists between the conduit and outside the conduit and/or atmospheric pressure so that as the user's inhalation force increases, the pressure differential drops to maintain a relatively constant flow within the conduit that remains in a range desired flow rate. In some embodiments, the pressure differential increases in a linear relationship to flow as the user's inhalation force increases. Sensory feedback provided by sensors and/or indicating mechanisms, such as those described above, can allow the user to relate the inspiratory pressure to the required flow rate necessary to operate the aerosol generator. Restrictive plate 500 defines a plurality of holes 502 for air to pass. Holes 502 may be positioned around an outer periphery of restriction plate 500 so that air passing through the holes forms a relatively laminar flow downstream of restriction plate 500. Orifices 502 can be of any shape or size to create a relatively laminar flow. For example, the holes can be circular and have diameters ranging from about 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The size and pattern of the plurality of holes 502 can impede the flow of air through a solid central portion of the restrictor plate 500, while permitting the flow of air through the holes on the periphery thereof.
    [0037] FIG. 6 illustrates a restrictor plate 600 positioned within a conduit 602 in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Restrictive plate 600 is disposed within the conduit between a pressure transducer 604 that is in fluid communication with an interior of the conduit and an aerosol generator 606. Pressure transducer 604 monitors a pressure differential within conduit 602 relative to the exterior flue and/or atmospheric pressure. A processing unit or IC, such as IC 138 of FIG. 1, can run software that converts the pressure reading to a flow rate across conduit 602. This flow rate can be used to determine when to activate aerosol generator 606 to aerosolize a volume of liquid drug. Restrictive plate 600 may have the features of restriction plate 500 discussed above. Restrictive plate 600 creates a laminar flow upstream of aerosol generator 606 so that aerosolized drug is deposited within the laminar flow and entrained within the laminar flow before the aerosolized drug contacts a conduit wall 602 opposite the aerosol generator 606, to maximize the amount of medicine dispensed to the user.
    [0038] FIG. 7 is a laminar flow diagram of air flow through conduit 602 and restrictor plate 600 having a similar structure to restrictor plate 500. As the air flow reaches restrictor plate 600, the pressure differential is increased and a relatively laminar flow is created to come in contact with the aerosolized medicine. Laminar flow provides a consistent velocity field to deliver aerosolized particles to the user's respiratory system in a consistent manner while minimizing impactful losses. Additionally, laminar flow minimizes an amount of aerosolized drug that can be deposited on a conduit wall. The aerosolized drug is entrained in the laminar flow before the drug contacts a wall opposite the aerosol generator 606. The entrained aerosolized drug is then carried out of conduit 602 into a user's respiratory system.
    [0039] FIGs. 8A-8C show an aerosolization device having a nozzle end angled at various angles to direct airflow to a user's respiratory system. Nozzle end angles can be adjusted based on the volume of a dose, type of drug being dispensed, and length and diameter of the conduit of an aerosolization device. FIG. 8A shows an aerosolization device 800 having a nozzle end 802 inclined downwardly by 15° with respect to a horizontal plane. FIG. 8B shows an aerosolization device 800 having the nozzle end 802 parallel to a horizontal plane. FIG. 8C shows aerosolization device 800 having the nozzle end 802 inclined upwardly 15° with respect to a horizontal plane. Other angles to a horizontal plane of up to 30° up or down to a horizontal plane can be used to maximize drug delivery to the user's respiratory system.
    [0040] FIG. 9 shows an aerosolization device 900 having an inlet device 902 coupled to a housing 904. In some embodiments, the inlet device 902 may be coupled to a conduit. Input device 902 is configured to receive input from a user that sets parameters for an inspiratory flow determined by a pressure transducer (not shown) within the conduit. Input can be entered manually by a user, provided through a wireless interface, provided through a wired interface such as a universal serial bus (USB), or in any other way. Parameters, which can include a flow rate, inspiratory pressure, inspiration time, and the like, can be used to determine when an aerosol generator of aerosol device 900 is actuated, as well as to set ranges for indicator mechanisms (not shown) that guide the user on when and how to breathe. An input device 902 may include a keyboard or similar interface, a barcode reader or RFID reader for receiving flow parameters from a user, or a drug container or label. Aerosolization device 900 may be configured similarly to any of the aerosolization devices described herein and may include the same or similar aspects.
    [0041] FIG. 10 depicts a method 1000 of dispensing an aerosolized medication into a user's respiratory system using the aerosolization devices described herein. The method can include sensing a state of a flow parameter of an inspiratory flow within a conduit in block 1002. Sensing a state of a flow parameter can be done using sensors such as a flow sensor or the pressure transducer 404 of FIG. 4. The method may also include vibrating a mesh of an aerosol generator in communication with the conduit to aerosolize a volume of a liquid drug in block 1004. This vibration produces a plume of aerosolized medicine within a conduit of the aerosolizing device when a state of the flow parameter is within a preset desired range. For example, when an inspiratory flow determined by the pressure transducer is within an operating range of the aerosolization device, the mesh can be vibrated. The aerosol drug plume may be provided within a relatively laminar flow produced by a restrictive plate disposed within the conduit upstream of the aerosolized drug plume. Laminar flow sweeps the aerosolized drug toward a nozzle end of the conduit before the drug contacts a conduit wall opposite the aerosol generator. The aerosolized medication is then directed into a user's respiratory system.
    [0042] In some embodiments, the method may further include providing an indication using an indicator mechanism coupled with the conduit of the state of the flow parameter in relation to the desired range predefined in block 1006. In some embodiments, the method may further include providing an indication that the liquid medicament is ready to be aerosolized and providing an indication that substantially all of the liquid medicament has been aerosolized. The method may optionally include receiving an input through an input device of the aerosolization device to set the desired preset range of flow parameter. In some embodiments, the method may further include moving a cover that is coupled with the conduit to expose the chamber and vibratable mesh to receive the liquid drug. In some embodiments, the method may optionally include receiving a tip from a dispenser within the aerosol generator and receiving a volume of liquid medication from the dispenser into the mesh. The tip can be held a distance above the mesh so that an outer surface of the tip does not come into contact with the received volume of liquid drug. In some embodiments, the method can also include affixing the duct and aerosol generator to a housing. For example, the duct and aerosol generator can be slid into and secured within an opening of the housing. EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE
    [0043] The prevention of contamination due to a user coughing or sneezing into the conduit using an aerosolization device with a vibratable mesh that is laterally offset from an inner wall of the conduit as described in FIGs. 1A and 1B, was simulated by spraying the culture broth of five types of pathogens in the conduit using a 100 µl nasal spray pump. A spray was emitted from the nasal pump initiated directly into a conduit opening. A 30 µl dose of saline solution was then nebulized using the aerosol generator to simulate the completion of a dose. The saline solution in aerosol was collected in a culture dish with specific medium for the pathogen tests. The contaminated aerosolization device was then allowed to settle under ambient conditions for 4 hours. Another dose of saline solution was then nebulized into the aerosolization device with the saline aerosol solution collected again in a culture dish. All plates were incubated, with no pathogens found in saline samples at any time of sampling.
    [0044] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the method and system of the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention include modifications and variations that are within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
    权利要求:
    Claims (22)
    [0001]
    1. An aerosolization device for providing aerosolized medication to a user, the aerosolization device characterized in that it comprises: a conduit having an inner wall and a mouthpiece end through which a user can cause an inspiratory flow through the conduit; an aerosol generator in communication with the conduit and comprising a vibrating mesh, the vibrating mesh being laterally displaced from the inner wall in a direction away from the conduit by a distance of between 1 mm and 6 mm; a fluid receiving chamber in communication with the aerosol generator for receiving a volume of a liquid medicine, wherein at least a portion of the fluid receiving chamber is tapered so that substantially all of the liquid medicine is directed to the vibrating mesh. for aerosolization; and a restrictor disposed within the conduit, wherein the restrictor defines a plurality of orifices, the plurality of orifices being configured to: provide an increase in pressure differential that varies with an inspiratory flow within the conduit; and providing a relatively laminar flow downstream of the restrictor plate compared to upstream of the restrictor plate; wherein the aerosol generator is configured to aerosolize at least a portion of the volume of liquid drug only when the one or more flow parameters of the inspiratory flow are within the desired preset range.
    [0002]
    2. Aerosolization device for providing aerosolized medicine to a user according to claim 1, the aerosolization device characterized in that it further comprises: an indicator mechanism that indicates to a user a state of one or more flow parameters relating to a desired preset track.
    [0003]
    3. Aerosolization device for providing aerosolized medicine to a user according to claim 1, characterized in that: one or both of the duct and the aerosol generator are attachable to a housing.
    [0004]
    4. Aerosolization device for providing aerosolized medicine to a user according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vibrating mesh defines at least about 500 holes, each hole having a diameter ranging from about 1 to 8 µm .
    [0005]
    5. Aerosolization device for delivering aerosolized medicine to a user according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tapered portion of the fluid receiving chamber is sufficiently tapered to direct the liquid medicine to the vibrating mesh so that only a small volume of liquid drug remains in the fluid receiving chamber after aerosolization is complete, and the small volume of liquid drug is between about 1 and 15 µL.
    [0006]
    6. Aerosolization device for providing aerosolized medicine to a user according to claim 1, the aerosolization device characterized in that it further comprises: a cover coupled with the fluid receiving chamber, the cover configured to seal the fluid chamber. fluid reception and the vibrating mesh of the environment when in a closed position and to expose the fluid reception chamber and the vibrating mesh to the environment when in an open position.
    [0007]
    7. Aerosolization device for providing aerosolized medicine to a user according to claim 1, characterized in that the conduit comprises: an opening that provides access to the chamber, the opening having a diameter that is less than a diameter of a top of the chamber.
    [0008]
    8. Aerosolization device for providing aerosolized medication to a user according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plurality of orifices are disposed along an outer periphery of the restrictor, and wherein the restrictor is configured so that no fluid flows through a portion of the restrictor defined between the plurality of holes.
    [0009]
    9. Aerosolization device for providing aerosolized medicine to a user, the aerosolization device characterized in that it comprises: a conduit that is attachable to a housing, the conduit having an inner wall and a nozzle end through which a user can cause an inspiratory flow through the conduit; an aerosol generator in communication with the conduit and comprising a vibrating mesh, the vibrating mesh being laterally displaced from the inner wall in a direction away from the conduit by a distance between about 1 millimeter (mm) and 6 mm; fluid in communication with the aerosol generator to receive a volume of a liquid medicament, wherein at least a portion of the fluid receiving chamber is tapered so that substantially all of the liquid medicament is directed to the vibrating mesh for aerosolization, wherein the aerosol generator is configured to aerosolize at least a portion of the liquid drug volume only when one or more flow parameters of an inspiratory flow are within a desired predefined range.
    [0010]
    10. Aerosolization device for delivering aerosolized medicine to a user according to claim 9, characterized in that: the fluid flow conduit is configured to dispense the aerosolized medicine at an angle relative to a horizontal plane.
    [0011]
    11. Aerosolization device for providing aerosolized medicine to a user according to claim 9, characterized in that: the vibrating mesh defines at least about 500 holes, each hole having a diameter ranging from about 1 to 8 µm .
    [0012]
    12. Aerosolization device for providing aerosolized medicine to a user according to claim 9, the aerosolization device characterized in that it further comprises: an indicator mechanism for indicating to a user a state of one or more flow parameters relating to desired preset track.
    [0013]
    13. Aerosolization device for providing aerosolized medicine to a user according to claim 9, the aerosolization device characterized in that it further comprises: a restrictor disposed within the conduit, wherein the restrictor defines a plurality of orifices, the plurality of orifices being configured to: provide an increase in the pressure differential that varies with an inspiratory flow within the conduit; and providing a relatively laminar flow downstream of the restrictor compared to upstream of the restrictor.
    [0014]
    14. Aerosolization device for providing aerosolized medication to a user according to claim 9, characterized in that: the one or more flow parameters comprise an inspiratory flow within the conduit; and the desired preset range of inspiratory flow is between about 5 and 14 liters per minute (L/min).
    [0015]
    15. Method for dispensing an aerosolized drug to a user's respiratory system, the method characterized by the fact that it comprises: sensing a state of a flow parameter of an inspiratory flow within a conduit, the conduit having an inner wall and a mouthpiece end through which a user can cause inspiratory flow into the conduit; and vibrating a mesh of an aerosol generator in communication with the conduit to aerosolize a volume of a liquid medicine to produce a plume of aerosolized medicine within the conduit when the state of the flow parameter is within a desired predefined range, where: the spray of aerosolized medicine is carried towards the mouth end of the duct; and the mesh is laterally displaced from the inner wall in a direction away from the conduit by a distance of between 1 mm and 6 mm.
    [0016]
    16. Method for using an aerosol device to dispense a volume of medication as defined in claim 15, the method further comprising: moving a cover that is coupled with the conduit to expose the chamber and vibrating mesh to receive the liquid medicine.
    [0017]
    17. A method for using an aerosol device to dispense a volume of medicine as defined in claim 15, the method characterized in that it further comprises: receiving a tip from a dispenser within the aerosol generator; and receiving a volume of liquid drug from the dispenser in the mesh, wherein the tip is held a distance above the mesh so that an outer surface of the tip does not contact the received volume of liquid drug.
    [0018]
    18. A method for using an aerosol device to dispense a volume of medication as defined in claim 15, the method characterized in that it further comprises: affixing the duct and aerosol generator to a housing.
    [0019]
    19. Method for using an aerosol device to dispense a volume of medicine as defined in claim 15, the method characterized in that it further comprises: providing an indication of the state of the flow parameter relative to the desired predefined range using an indicating mechanism coupled with the conduit.
    [0020]
    20. A method for using an aerosol device to dispense a volume of medicine as defined in claim 15, the method further comprising: receiving an input to establish the desired predefined range of flow parameter.
    [0021]
    21. Method for using an aerosol device to dispense a volume of medicine as defined in claim 15, characterized in that: the plume of aerosolized medicine is provided within a relatively laminar flow produced by a restrictor disposed within the conduit to amount of aerosolized medicine plume; and the restrictor defines a plurality of holes disposed around an outer periphery of the restrictor; and the aerosolized medicament plume is carried towards the mouth end of the conduit by the relatively laminar flow.
    [0022]
    22. Method for using an aerosol device to dispense a volume of medicine as defined in claim 15, characterized in that: the mesh is laterally displaced from the inner wall.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    RU2017103012A|2018-08-01|
    EP3164221A4|2018-07-18|
    EP3164221B1|2019-11-06|
    ES2767526T3|2020-06-17|
    US20160001019A1|2016-01-07|
    US10857313B2|2020-12-08|
    CN106714974B|2020-03-27|
    BR112016030883A2|2017-08-22|
    US20210178088A1|2021-06-17|
    EP3164221A1|2017-05-10|
    WO2016003738A1|2016-01-07|
    CN106714974A|2017-05-24|
    RU2017103012A3|2018-12-05|
    EP3164221B8|2019-12-18|
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    法律状态:
    2020-05-05| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-04-27| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-07-06| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 24/06/2015, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201462019781P| true| 2014-07-01|2014-07-01|
    US62/019781|2014-07-01|
    US14/743711|2015-06-18|
    US14/743,711|US10857313B2|2014-07-01|2015-06-18|Liquid nebulization systems and methods|
    PCT/US2015/037502|WO2016003738A1|2014-07-01|2015-06-24|Liquid nebulization systems and methods|
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