• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    SYSTEMS, METHODS AND APPLIANCE FOR APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL LIQUID. Systems, methods and apparatus are provided for applying a fertilizer during a planting operation. The modalities include a seed firmer having a liquid application conduit for injecting liquid into the side wall of a trench. In some embodiments, the seed firmer includes the structure for opening a side trench on the side wall of the trench, the liquid is then injected into the resulting side trench.
    公开号:BR112016025967B1
    申请号:R112016025967-0
    申请日:2015-05-07
    公开日:2020-11-03
    发明作者:Jason Stoller；Brian McMahon
    申请人:Precision Planting Llc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Background
    [0001] Recently, the availability of advanced location-specific agricultural application and measurement systems (used in so-called "precision farming" practices) has increased farmers' interests in applying fertilizers and other liquids in the right place during harvest. planting operation. Commercial solutions have included the application of liquid on top of the seeds in the planting furrow, which can cause harmful effects such as the "burning" (that is, excessive fertilization) of the seeds. Other solutions have included the opening of a separate furrow in the soil surface (arranged between the planting furrows opened by the row unit) and the deposition of the liquid in the separate vertical furrow, which can result in the insufficient use of the applied fertilizer.
    [0002] Thus, there is a need in the technique to create a method for the effective application of liquid during the planting operation. Description of Drawings
    [0003] Figure 1 is a top view of an agricultural planting device.
    [0004] Figure 2 is a side elevation view of an embodiment of a row unit of the planting device.
    [0005] Figure 3 schematically illustrates a modality of a soil monitoring system.
    [0006] Figure 4A is a side elevation view of a seed firmer modality having a plurality of sensors mounted on the firmer.
    [0007] Figure 4B is a plan view of the seed firmer in figure 4A.
    [0008] Figure 4C is a rear elevation view of the seed firmer in Figure 4A.
    [0009] Figure 5 is a side elevation view of another modality of a seed firmer having a plurality of sensors mounted on the firmer.
    [00010] tied to the firm Figure 6 is pain. a cross-sectional view of the D-D section of figure 5.
    [00011] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of section E-E of figure 5.
    [00012] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of section F-F of figure 5.
    [00013] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of section G-G in figure 5.
    [00014] Figure 10 is a partial and partially cut side view of the
    [00015] sem firmer Figure 11 is a part of the figure seen in place 5. Point d in direction A of figure 10.
    [00016] Figure 12 is a view from section B-B of figure 10.
    [00017] Figure 13 is a view from section C-C of figure 10.
    [00018] Figure 14 a rear view of the enlarged part of the firm.
    [00019] and seeds of figure Figure 15 is a 5. back view of another modality of a firm
    [00020] of seeds. Figure 16 is a rear view of another modality with additional u
    [00021] s signator Figure 17 is minds. a representation of a reflectivity signal
    [00022] ade. Figure 18 is a side view of a modality of
    [00023] a r sensor Figure 19A efferê is a ncia. the lateral elevation view of the ma- chility of an instrumented seed firmer incorporating fiber optic cable transmitting light to a reflectivity sensor
    [00024] Figure 19B is a side elevation view of an instrumented seed firmer model incorporating a fiber optic cable transmitting light to a spectrometer.
    [00025] Figure 20 illustrates a modality of a data display screen.
    [00026] Figure 21 illustrates a modality of a map screen.
    [00027] Figure 22 illustrates a modality of a screen for displaying seed planting data.
    [00028] Figure 23 is a side elevation view of another style of a reference sensor having an instrumented stem.
    [00029] Figure 24 is a front elevation view of the reference sensor in figure 23.
    [00030] Figure 25 is a side elevation view of another style of a seed company.
    [00031] Figure 26 is a side cross-sectional view of the second firm of figure 25.
    [00032] Figure 27 is a side elevation view of a seed firm having transverse groove coupling extrusions.
    [00033] Figure 28 is a rear view of the seed firmer in figure 27.
    [00034] Figure 29 is a side elevation view of a remote groove sensor system.
    [00035] Figure 30 is a side elevation view of another style of a seed firm mounted on a mounting bracket
    [00036] Figure 31 is a perspective view of another modality of a seed firm.
    [00037] Figure 32 is a side elevation view of the seed firmer in figure 31 with a wing-like body and tubing removed.
    [00038] Figure 33 is a side elevation view of the seed firmer in figure 31.
    [00039] Figure 34 is a perspective view of a wing-type body and piping from the seed firm in Figure 31.
    [00040] Figure 35 is a rear elevation view of the seed firmer in figure 31.
    [00041] Figure 36 is a cross-sectional view of the seed firmer in figure 31 along the cross section A-A in figure 33.
    [00042] Figure 37 schematically illustrates another modality of a soil monitoring system. Description Depth Control Systems and Soil Monitoring
    [00043] Referring now to the drawings, in which similar numerical references designate identical or corresponding parts across all the various views, figure 1 illustrates a tractor 5 pulling an agricultural implement, for example, a sowing device 10, comprising a bar tools 14 which operationally supports multiple row units 200. An implement monitor 50 preferably including a central processing unit ("CPU"), a memory and a graphical user interface ("GUI") (for example, an interface touch screen) is preferably located in the cab of the tractor 5. A receiver of the global positioning system ("GPS") 52 is preferably mounted on the tractor 5.
    [00044] Turning to figure 2, a modality is illustrated in which the row unit 200 is a planting row unit. The row unit 200 is preferably pivotally connected to the toolbar 14 by a parallel connection 216. A driver 218 is preferably arranged to apply a lifting and / or lowering force to the row unit 200. A solenoid valve 390 is preferably in fluid communication with the driver 218 to modify the lifting and / or lowering force applied by the driver. An opening system 234 preferably includes two opening discs 244 mounted by a bearing to a downward extension rod 254 and arranged to open a v-shaped groove 38 in the ground 40. A pair of calibration wheels 248 is pivotally supported by a pair of corresponding calibration wheel arms 260; the height of the calibration wheels 248 with respect to opening discs 244 determine the depth of the groove 38. A depth adjustment oscillator 268 limits the upward travel of the calibration wheel arms 260 and thus the upward travel of the calibration 248. A depth adjustment driver 380 is preferably configured to modify a position of the depth adjustment oscillator 268 and, thus, the height of the calibration wheels 248. The driver 380 is preferably a linear actuator mounted on the row unit 200 and hingedly coupled to an upper end of oscillator 268. In some embodiments, the depth adjustment trigger 380 comprises a device as described in International Patent Application No. PCT / US2012 / 035585 ("the '585 application") ), the description of which is incorporated by reference here. An encoder 382 is preferably configured to generate a signal related to the linear extension of the driver 380; it should be appreciated that the linear extension of the driver 380 is related to the depth of the groove 38 when the calibration wheel arms 260 are in contact with the oscillator 268. A downward force sensor 392 is preferably configured to generate a signal related to the amount of force imposed by the calibration wheels 248 on the ground 40; in some embodiments, the downforce sensor 392 comprises an instrumented pin around which the oscillator 268 is pivotally coupled to the row unit 200, such as the instrumented pins described in applicant's US patent application No. 12/522 . 253 (publication No. US 2010/0180695), the description of which is incorporated herein by reference.
    [00045] Continuing with reference to figure 2, a seed meter 230 as described in Applicant's International Patent Application No. PCT / US2012 / 030192, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference, is preferably arranged to deposit the seeds 42 from a hopper 226 within the groove 38, for example, through a seed tube 232 arranged to orient the seeds in the direction of the groove. In some embodiments, instead of a 232 seed tube, a seed conveyor is implemented to port the seeds from the seed meter to the groove at a controlled rate of speed as described in US patent application No. 14 / 347,902 and / or US patent No. 8,789,482, both of which are incorporated by reference here. In such embodiments, a support such as that illustrated in figure 30 is preferably configured to mount the seed firmer to the stem through side walls that extend laterally around the seed carrier, so that the seed firmer is arranged behind the seed carrier to set the seeds in the soil after being deposited by the seed carrier. In some embodiments, the meter is powered by an electric actuator 315 configured to drive a seed disk inside the seed meter. In other embodiments, the driver 315 may comprise a hydraulic driver configured to drive the seed disc. A 305 seed sensor (for example, an optical or electromagnetic seed sensor configured to generate a seed signal ntad tub nte 232 and sto ele- attract seeds 42. A plad fe system
    [00046] nto 236 is then item 38. 200 and shown in fig. 3, system 300 is shown in depth control 50 is p 200 200 n5, nte 305, ptor GPS 52, nte 392, 390, o depth 380, diffi 382. In 230 l 315, itor 50 is 310 m configured for seeds 230 315.
    [00047] as shown in fig. 3, item 50 is 330 other nfigu itor 50 item max 335. item 50 340 is served. Atr servid 345. The cliiter 50 described servid climatic server 340 and / or the soil data server 345) for storage and receives agronomic recommendations (for example, planting recommendations such as planting depth, decisions about planting or no, about which fields to plant, which seeds to plant, or which type of planting to plant) from a recommendation system stored on the server; in some modalities, the recommendation system updates the planting recommendations based on the measurement data provided by the monitor 50.
    [00048] Continuing with reference to figure 3, monitor 50 is also preferably in data communication with one or more 360 temperature sensors mounted on the planting device 10 and configured to generate a signal related to the temperature of the soil being worked by the units planting device 200. Monitor 50 is preferably in data communication with one or more reflectivity sensors 350 mounted on planting device 10 and configured to generate a signal related to the reflectivity of the soil being worked by the planting units of the planting device 200.
    [00049] With reference to figure 3, the monitor 50 is preferably in data communication with one or more electrical conductivity sensors 365 mounted on the planting device 10 and configured to generate a signal related to the temperature of the soil being worked by the row planting units 200.
    [00050] In some embodiments, a first set of reflectivity sensors 350, temperature sensors 360, and electrical conductivity sensors are mounted on a seed firmer 400 and arranged to measure reflectivity, temperature and electrical conductivity, respectively, of the soil in the groove 38. In some modalities, a second set of reflectivity sensors 350, temperature sensors 360, and electrical conductivity sensors 370 are mounted on a reference sensor set 1800 and arranged to measure reflectivity, temperature and conductivity electrical, respectively, from the soil, preferably at a different depth from the sensors in the seed firmer 400.
    [00051] In some modalities, a subset of sensors is in data communication with the monitor 50 through a bus 60 (for example, a CAN bus). In some embodiments, the sensors mounted on the seed firm 400 and the reference sensor set 1800 are likewise in data communication with the monitor 50 via bus 60. However, in the modality illustrated in figure 3, the sensors mounted on the seed firm 400 and the reference sensor set 1800 are in data communication with the monitor 50 via a first wireless transmitter 62-1 and a second wireless transmitter 62-2, respectively. The wireless transmitters 62 in each row unit are preferably in data communication with a single wireless receiver 64, which in turn is in data communication with the monitor 50. The wireless receiver can be mounted on the toolbar 14 or in the tractor cab 5. Soil Monitoring Device, Seed Monitoring and Seed Fixation
    [00052] Turning to figures 4A to 4C, a modality of a seed firmer 400 is illustrated having a plurality of sensors to perceive the characteristics of the soil. The seed firmer 400 preferably includes a flexible part 410 mounted on stem 254 and / or seed tube 232 by a support 415. In some embodiments, support 415 is similar to one of the support modalities described in US Patent No. 6,918. 342, incorporated herein by reference. The seed firmer preferably includes a firmening body 490 arranged and configured to be received at least partially within the V-shaped groove 38 and firm the seeds 42 at the bottom of the groove. When the seed firmer 400 is lowered into the groove 38, the flexible part 410 preferably pushes the firmter body 490 into the resilient engagement with the furrow. In some embodiments, flexible part 410 preferably includes an external or internal reinforcement as described in PCT / US2013 / 066652, incorporated by reference here. In some embodiments, the firming body 490 includes a removable part 492; the removable part 492 preferably slides into the locking latch with the rest of the fastening body. The firming body 490 (preferably including the firming body part engaging the ground, which in some embodiments comprises the removable part 492) is preferably made of a material (or has an outer surface or coating) having hydrophobic and / or non-stick properties, for example, having a Teflon graphite coating and / or comprising a polymer having a hydrophobic material (for example, silicone oil or polyester-ether-ketone) impregnated.
    [00053] With reference to figure 30, a modified seed firmer modality 3000 is illustrated mounted on a firmer holder. The wedge holder is preferably configured to be mounted on the stem of the row unit and supports the seed wedge in a position behind the seed tube or seed conveyor of the row unit. The seed firmer 3000 preferably includes a firmer body 3090 resiliently oriented into the bottom of the groove by a flexible part 3050. The seed firmer 3000 preferably includes an upper part 3080 received in an opening 4080 in the support 4000. The firmer 3000 preferably includes a hook 3015 which engages a wall 4015 of the support; it must be appreciated that the hooking of the wall and hook prevents the fastener from moving upwards, forwards or backwards in relation to the support, but allows the firmer to slide downwards with respect to the support firmler 3000 preferably includes a flexible mounting part 3060 having an angled part 3065 at a lower end of the same and a retention tab facing backwards 3020. During installation, the user preferably grips the flexible part 3050 and ins the upper part 3070 opening 4080 The firmly preferably sized that the flexible mounting part 3060 deforms in the direction of the flexible part 3050 as the fastener is inserted into the holder until the 3020 retaining tongue reaches a 4020 cover at the rear of the holder allowing the mounting part flexible 3060 return to a relaxed (or more relaxed) state in which the retention tongue 3020 engages opening 4020 to prevent the firmer 3000 from sliding downward with regard to support 4000. In a preferred mode, wall 4015 and cover 4020 are preferably arranged so that the retaining tongue 3020 engages opening 4020 when the firm reaches the position on which hook 3015 engages wall 4015, as as in the installed configuration the firm is rte. firmad 3000, ol 3050 epa part 3065 (pa part 3060 defo l 3050, removing the tongue of 2020 d open 4020 and firmad o firmad rte. D enters open 4080 from art 3070 d firmad such directly between 3080 between 3050 ntage part 3060 d trapped in the bracket or fastener during operation.
    [00054] Continuing with reference to figure 30, a liquid application tube (not shown) can be retained in the firmer 3000 so that an end end of the liquid application tube (which can include a flow divider or other feature) it is retained at a rear end of the firm, being thus arranged to distribute fluid behind the firm. Such an embodiment is illustrated in figure 30, where the upper part 3070 includes an opening 3072 sized to receive the liquid application tube, the flexible part 3050 includes a hook 3052 designed to reliably retain the liquid application tube, and the firing body 3090 includes an internal channel 3092 sized to receive the liquid delivery tube.
    [00055] Continuing with the reference to figure 30, the firmer 3000 can include any of the firmer mounted sensors described here. In some embodiments, the support includes the mounting of 4010 tongues to support a housing (not shown) including electronic parts or wire passages for transmitting and processing data generated by the sensors mounted on the fastener.
    [00056] Returning to figures 4A to 4C, the seed firmer 400 preferably includes a plurality of reflectivity sensors 350a, 350b. Each reflectivity sensor 350 is preferably arranged and configured to measure soil reflectivity; in a preferred embodiment, the reflectivity sensor 350 being arranged to measure the soil in the groove 38, and preferably at the bottom of the groove. The reflectivity sensor 350 preferably includes a lens arranged at the bottom of the firmer's body 490 and arranged to engage the ground at the bottom of the groove 38. In some embodiments, the reflectivity sensor 350 comprises one of the embodiments described in 8,204,689 and / or US provisional patent application No. 61/824975 ("the '975 application"), both of which are incorporated by reference here. In various modes, the reflectivity sensor e 350 is configured to measure reflectivity and in the visible range / for example near-infrared range (eg 940 nanometers) and / or elsewhere in the infrared range. 360 temperature sensor. The 360 temperature sensor is preferably arranged and configured to measure the soil temperature in one adjacent to the bottom of the groove. The flaps 364, 366 are preferably made of a thermally conductive material such as copper. The flaps 364 are preferably attached to and in thermal communication with a central part 362 housed within the body of the firmer 490. The central part relating the compensated temperature measurement to the soil temperature. For example, the measurement of reflectivity over a length near-infrared waveform can be increased (or, in some instances, reduced) by 1% for every 1 ° C in the soil temperature above 10 ° C.
    [00057] The seed firm 400 preferably includes a 360 temperature sensor. The 360 temperature sensor is preferably arranged and configured to measure the soil temperature; in a preferred embodiment, the temperature sensor is arranged to measure the soil in the groove 38, preferably on or adjacent to the bottom of the groove 38. The temperature sensor 360 preferably includes soil engaging tabs 364, 366 arranged to engage slidingly each side of the furrow 38 as the planting device crosses the field. The flaps 364, 366 preferably engage the groove 38 at or adjacent to the bottom of the groove. The flaps 364, 366 are preferably made of a thermally conductive material such as copper. The flaps 364 are preferably attached to and in thermal communication with a central part 362 housed within the body of the firmer 490. The central part 362 preferably comprises a thermally conductive material such as copper; in some embodiments the central part 362 comprises a hollow copper rod. The central part 362 is preferably in thermal communication with a thermal coupling fixed to the central part. In other embodiments, the 360 temperature sensor may comprise a non-contact temperature sensor such as an infrared thermometer. In some modalities, other measurements made by the 300 system (for example, reflectivity measurements, electrical conductivity measurements, and / or measurements derived from these measurements) are temperature compensated using the temperature measurement made by the 360 temperature sensor. temperature-compensated temperature measurement is preferably carried out by consulting a pyrical query table relating the temperature compensated measurement to the soil temperature. For example, the reflectivity measurement at an almost infrared wavelength can be increased (or, in some instances, reduced) by 1% for every 1C in the soil temperature above 10C.
    [00058] The seed firmer preferably includes a plurality of electrical conductivity sensors 370r, 370f. Each 370 electrical conductivity sensor is preferably arranged and configured to measure the electrical conductivity of the soil; in a preferred embodiment, the electrical conductivity sensor arranged to measure the electrical conductivity of the soil in the groove 38, preferably at or adjacent to the bottom of the groove 38. The electrical conductivity sensor 370 preferably includes ground engaging tabs 374, 376 arranged for slide each side of the groove 38 as the planting device crosses the field. Flaps 374, 376 preferably engage groove 38 at or near the bottom of the groove. The flaps 374, 376 are preferably made of an electrically conductive material such as copper. The flaps 374 are preferably attached to and are in electrical communication with a central part 372 housed within the firmer body 490. The central part 372 preferably comprises an electrically conductive material such as copper, in some embodiments, the central part 372 comprises a copper. The central part 372 is preferably in electrical communication with an electrical wire attached to the central part.
    [00059] With reference to figure 4B, in some modalities, the system 300 measures the electrical conductivity of the soil adjacent to the groove 38 by measuring an electrical potential between the 370f forward electrical conductivity sensor and the 370f reverse electrical conductivity sensor . In other embodiments, the electrical conductivity sensors 370f, 370r can be arranged in a longitudinally spaced relationship at the bottom of the seed firm in order to measure the electrical conductivity at the bottom of the seed groove.
    [00060] In other embodiments, the 370 electrical conductivity sensors comprise one or more ground working or ground contact devices (for example, disks or rods) that come into contact with the ground and are preferably electrically isolated from each other or another voltage reference. The voltage potential between the 370 sensors or another electrical conductivity value derived from the voltage potential is preferable and reported to the operator. The electrical conductivity value can also be associated with the position reported by GPS and used to generate a map of spatial variation in electrical conductivity across the field. In such embodiments, electrical conductivity sensors may comprise one or more opening discs of a row unit of the planting device, row cleaner wheels of a row unit of the planting device, rods in contact with the soil of a planting device. planting device, shoes in contact with the soil depending on a stem of the planting device, stems of a soil tillage tool, or discs of a soil tillage tool. In some embodiments, a first electrical conductivity sensor may comprise a component (eg, disc or stem) of a first agricultural row unit while a second electrical conductivity sensor comprises a component (eg, disc or stem) of a second agricultural row unit, so that the electrical conductivity of the soil extending transversely between the first and second row and measure units. It should be appreciated that at least one of the electrical conductivity sensors described here is preferably electrically isolated from the other sensor or reference voltage. In one example, the electrical conductivity sensor is mounted on an implement (for example, in the row unit of the planting device or soil tillage tool) but first mounted on an electrically insulating component, for example, a component made of an electrically insulating material such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or a rubber-like polymer), which in turn is mounted on the implement. of an electrical potential between an electrical conductivity sensor in a coupling element with the larger soil (for example, a seed firmer housing) consisting of metallic material or another coupling (2) between, in a seed firmer, a row cleaning wheel, an opening disc, a shoe, a stem, a frog, a hoe or a closing wheel) and a second row unit of the soil hitch row (for example a row cleaning wheel, a opening disc, a shoe, a stem, a frog, a hoe, or a closing wheel) in a first row unit and a second probe in a second row unit component coupled with the ground (for example, in a seed firmer, a row cleaning wheel, an opening disc, a shoe, a stem, a frog, a hoe or a closing wheel) in a second row unit. Either or both of the row units described in combinations 1 to 3 above may comprise a planting row unit or other row unit (for example, a tillage row unit or a dedicated measuring row unit) which can be mounted in front of or behind the toolbar.
    [00061] With reference to figure 4C, in some modalities the system 300 measures electrical conductivity of the soil between two units of rows 200 having a first seed firmer 400-1 and a second seed firmer 400-2, respectively, by measuring an electrical potential between an electrical conductivity sensor in the first 400-1 seed firmer and an electrical conductivity sensor in the second 400-2 seed firmer. In some of these embodiments, the electrical conductivity sensor 370 may comprise an engagement element with the larger soil (e.g., a seed firm housing) made of metal or other conductive material. It should be appreciated that any of the electrical conductivity sensors described here can measure conductivity by any of the following combinations: (1) between a first probe in a ground hitch unit component (for example, in a seed firmer, a row cleaning wheel, an opening disc, a shoe, a stem, a frog, a hoe, or a closing wheel) and a second probe on the same hitch row unit component with the soil the same row unit; (2) between a first probe in a first component of a row unit of engagement with the soil (for example, in a seed firmer, a row cleaning wheel, an opening disc, a shoe, a rod, a frog , a hoe or a closing wheel) and a second row unit; or (3) between a first probe on a first component of the soil hitch row unit (for example, on a seed firmer, a row cleaning wheel, an opening disc, a shoe, a rod, a frog , a hoe, or a closing wheel) on a first row unit and a second probe on a second row unit component coupled with the soil (for example, on a seed firm, a row cleaning wheel, an opening disc, a shoe, a stem, a frog, a hoe or a closing wheel) in a second row unit. Either or both of the row units described in combinations 1 to 3 above may comprise a planting row unit or other row unit (for example, a tillage row unit or a dedicated measuring row unit) which can be mounted in front of or behind the toolbar.
    [00062] The reflectivity sensors 350, the temperature sensors 360 and the electrical conductivity sensors 370 (collectively, "the sensors mounted on the fastener") are preferably in data communication with the monitor 50. In some embodiments, the sensors mounted in fastener are in data communication with monitor 50 through a transceiver (for example, a CAN transceiver) and the bus 60. In other modalities, sensors mounted in firmed are in data communication with monitor 50 through transmission without wire 62-1 (preferably mounted on the seed firmer) and the wireless receiver 64. In some embodiments the sensors mounted on the firmer are in electrical communication with the wireless transmitter 62-1 (or transceiver) via a multi-pin connector comprising a male coupler 472 and a female coupler 474. In the modalities of the firmer body having a removable part 492, the male coupler 472 is preferably mounted on the remote part and the female coupler 474 is preferably mounted on the remainder of the firmer body 190; the couplers 472, 474 are preferably arranged so that the couplings are electrically engaged as the removable part is slidably mounted on the body of the firmer.
    [00063] Turning to figure 19A, another modality of the 400 '' seed clamp is illustrated by incorporating a 1900 fiber optic cable. The 1900 fiber optic cable ends preferably in a 1902 lens at the bottom of the 400 '' clamp. . The 1900 fiber optic cable preferably extends to a reflectivity sensor 350a, which is preferably mounted separately from the seed firmer, for example, at another location in row unit 200. In operation, light reflected from the ground (preferably from the bottom of the groove 28) travels to the reflectivity sensor 350a through the fiber optic cable 1900 so that the reflectivity sensor 350a can measure the reflectivity of the soil at a remote location from the seed firm 400 '' '. In other modalities, such as the 400 '' '' seed firmer modality illustrated in figure 19B, the fiber optic cable extends to a spectrometer 373 configured to analyze the light transmitted from the ground. The 373 spectrometer is preferably configured to analyze reflectivity across a spectrum of wavelengths. Spectrometer 373 is preferably in data communication with monitor 50. Spectrometer 373 preferably comprises a fiber optic spectrometer such as model No. USB4000 available from Ocean Optics, Inc., Dunedin, Florida. In the 400 '' 'and 400' '' 'modes, a modified 415' fastener holder is preferably configured to secure the 1900 fiber optic cable.
    [00064] Turning to figures 25 and 26, another form of 2500 firm is illustrated. The fastener 2500 includes an upper part 2510 having a mounting part 2520. The mounting part 2520 is preferably reinforced by the inclusion of a reinforcement insert made of material more rigid than the mounting part, for example, the mounting part can be made of plastic and the reinforcement insert can be made of metal) in an internal cavity 2540 of the mounting part 2520. The mounting part 2520 preferably includes mounting tabs 3526, 2528 for releasably securing the fastener 2500 to a support in the row unit. The mounting part 2520 preferably includes the mounting hooks 2522, 2524 for attaching a liquid delivery duct (for example, the flexible tube) (not shown) to the fastener 2500. The upper part 2510 preferably includes an internal cavity 2512 sized for receive the liquid application duct. The internal cavity 2512 preferably includes an opening at the rear through which the liquid application line extends to distribute the liquid behind the fastener 2500. It should be appreciated that a plurality of liquid lines can be inserted into the internal cavity 2512 ; in addition, a nozzle may be included at a terminal end of the conduit or conduits to redirect and / or divide the flow of liquid applied to the groove behind the firmer 2500.
    [00065] The fastener 2500 also preferably includes an engagement part with the ground 2530 mounted on the top part 2510. The engagement part with the ground 2530 can be removably mounted to the top part 2510; as illustrated, the ground engagement part is mounted on the top by threaded threads 2560, but in other embodiments the ground engagement part can be installed and removed without the use of tools, for example, by a partition arrangement and groove. The engagement part with the ground 2530 can also be permanently mounted to the upper part 2510, for example, by using rivets instead of screws 2560, or by molding the upper part to the engagement part with the ground. The soil engagement part 2530 is preferably made of a material having greater wear resistance than plastic such as metal (for example, stainless steel or hardened white iron), may include a wear resistant coating (or a non-stick coating) as described here), and may include a wear resistant part such as a tungsten carbide insert.
    [00066] The coupling part with the soil 2530 preferably includes a sensor to detect the characteristics of the furrow (for example, soil moisture, soil organic matter, soil temperature, presence of seed, seed spacing, percentage of firm seeds , presence of residue on the ground, such as a reflectivity sensor 2590, preferably housed in a cavity 2532 of the engagement part with the ground The reflectivity sensor preferably includes a 2596 sensor circuit panel having a sensor arranged to receive reflected light from the groove through a transparent window 2592. The transparent window 2592 is preferably mounted flush with a bottom surface of the engagement part with the soil so that the soil flows under the window without accumulating on the window or along an edge of the window A 2594 electrical connection preferably connects the 2596 sensor circuit panel to a wire or bus (not shown) by placing the sensor circuit panel and m data communication with monitor 50.
    [00067] Turning to figures 5 to 14, another modality of the seed firm 500 is illustrated. A flexible part 504 is preferably configured to resiliently press a body of the firmer 520 into the seed groove 38. The mounting tabs 514, 515 releasably couple the flexible part 504 to the firmer support 415, preferably as described in order '585.
    [00068] A flexible liquid conduit 506 preferably conducts the liquid (e.g. liquid fertilizer) from a container to an outlet 507 for deposition in or adjacent to groove 38. The conduit 506 preferably extends through the firming body 520 between the outlet 507 and an accessory 529 that, preferably, restricts the conduit 504 preventing it from sliding with respect to the firming body 520. The conduit part can extend through an opening formed in the firming body 520 or (as illustrated) through of a channel covered by a removable cover 530. The cover 530 preferably engages the side walls 522, 524 of the body of the fastener 520 by hooked tongues 532. Hooked tongues 532 preferably retain side walls 522, 524 preventing outward deformation in addition to retention of the cap 530 to the firmer body 520. A screw 533 also preferably retains the cap 530 to the body of the firmer 520.
    [00069] The conduit 506 is preferably retained in the flexible part 504 of the seed fastener 500 by mounting hooks 508, 509 and by mounting tabs 514, 515. The conduit 506 is preferably held resiliently by the arms 512, 513 of the hooks 508, 509, respectively. The conduit 506 is preferably received in partitions 516, 517 of the mounting tabs 514, 515, respectively.
    [00070] A 505 wiring preferably comprises a wire or a plurality of wires in electrical communication with the firmer-mounted sensors described below. The wiring is preferably received in the partitions 510, 511 of the mounting hooks 508, 509 and additionally retained in place by the conduit 506. The wiring 505 is preferably gripped by partitions 518, 519 of the mounting tabs 514, 515, respectively; wiring 505 is preferably pressed through a resilient opening of each partition 518, 519 and the resilient opening returns to the location so that the partitions retain wiring 505 unless the wiring is forcibly removed.
    [00071] In some embodiments, the lower groove engagement portion of the seed clamp 500 comprises a plate 540. The plate 540 may comprise a different material and / or a material having different properties than the rest of the clamping body 520; for example, plate 540 may have a greater hardness than the remainder of the body of firmer 520 and may comprise powdered metal. In some embodiments, the entire firmer body 520 is made of a relatively hard material such as powdered metal. In an installation phase, plate 540 is mounted on the rest of the firmer body 520, for example, by the rods 592 attached to the plate 540 and attached to the rest of the firmer body by snap rings 594; it must be appreciated that the plate can be removably mounted or permanently mounted to the rest of the firming body.
    [00072] The seed firmer 500 is preferably configured to receive removably a reflectivity sensor 350 within a cavity 527 within the body of the firmer 520. In a preferred embodiment, the reflectivity sensor 350 is removably installed in the firmer of seeds 500 by sliding the reflectivity sensor 350 into the cavity 527 until the flexible tabs 525, 523 snap into place, holding the reflectivity sensor 350 in place until the flexible tabs are folded out of the way for removal of the reflectivity sensor. The reflectivity sensor 350 can be configured to carry out any of the measurements described above with respect to the seed firmness reflectivity sensor 400. The reflectivity sensor 350 preferably comprises a 580 circuit panel (in some embodiments a printed circuit panel on molded). The reflectivity sensor 350 preferably detects the light transmitted through a lens 550 having a lower surface coextensive with the lower surface surrounding the body of the firmer 550 so that the soil and seeds are not dredged by the lens. In embodiments having a plate 540, the lower surface of lens 550 is preferably coextensive with a lower surface of plate 540. The len-550 fi 520,
    [00073] Fir 500 520 360, 0 560. At 560 360 ta 585: 562 360 38. 0 500 ("RTD") 564 laughs 560: the RTD ito 580 580 is preferred 540 J 560 d nfig u 505. N contact with the firm's body; in such embodiments, the probe 560 is preferably basically surrounded by air inside the firmer body 520 and the insulating material 562 (or firmer body) preferably comes into contact with a minimum surface area of the probe. In some embodiments, the insulating material comprises a low conductivity plastic such as polystyrene or polypropylene.
    [00074] Turning to figure 15, another modality 400 'of the seed firmer is illustrated having a plurality of reflectivity sensors 350. The reflectivity sensors 350c, 350d and 350e are arranged to measure the reflectivity of the regions 352c, 352d, and 352e, respectively, in and adjacent to the bottom of furrow 38. Regions 352c, 352d and 352e preferably constitute a substantially contiguous region, preferably including all or substantially all of the furrow where the seed is found after having fallen into the furrow by action of gravity. In other embodiments, a plurality of temperature and / or electrical conductivity sensors are arranged to measure a larger region, preferably substantially contiguous.
    [00075] Turning to figure 16, another embodiment of a 400 '' seed firmer is illustrated having a plurality of reflectivity sensors 350 arranged to measure on any side of the groove 38 at various depths within the groove. The reflectivity sensors 350f, 350k are arranged to measure reflectivity at or adjacent to the top of groove 38. The reflectivity sensors 350h, 350i are arranged to measure reflectivity at or adjacent to the bottom of groove 38. The reflectivity sensors 350g, 350j are arranged to measure reflectivity at an intermediate depth of the groove 38, for example, half the depth of the groove. It should be appreciated that in order to effectively carry out soil measurements at a depth at an intermediate depth of the groove, it is desirable to modify the shape of the seed firm so that the side walls of the seed firm engage the sides of the groove at an intermediate groove depth. Likewise, it must be appreciated that in order to effectively carry out soil measurements at a depth near the top of the furrow (that is, at or near the surface of the soil 40), it is desirable to modify the shape of the seed so that the side walls of the seed firmer engage the groove sides at or near the top of the groove. In other embodiments, a plurality of temperature and / or electrical conductivity sensors are arranged to measure the temperature and / or electrical conductivity, respectively, of the ground at a plurality of depths within the groove 38.
    [00076] As described above with respect to system 300, in some embodiments a second set of reflectivity sensors 350, temperature sensors 360, and electrical conductivity sensors 370 is mounted on a set of reference sensor 1800. One such modality is illustrated in figure 18, where the reference sensor assembly opens a groove 39 in which a seed firmer 400 having sensors mounted in a firmer is resiliently engaged in order to perceive the soil characteristics of the bottom of furrow 39. The furrow 39 it is preferably at a shallow depth (for example, between 0.31 and 1.27 cm (1/8 and ½ inches)) or at a greater depth (for example, 7.62 and 12.7 cm (3 and 5 inches) ). The groove is preferably opened by a pair of opening discs 1830-1, 1830-2 arranged to open a V-shaped groove in the soil 40 and rotate around the lower cubes 1834. The depth of the groove is preferably determined by one or more calibration wheels 1820 rotating around upper hubs 1822. The upper and lower hubs are preferably fixedly mounted to an 1840 stem. The seed firm is preferably mounted on the 1840 stem by an 1845 firm holder. The 1840 stem is preferably mounted to the tool bar 14. In some embodiments, the rod 1840 is mounted on the tool bar 14 by a parallel arm arrangement 1810 for vertical movement with respect to the tool bar; in some embodiments, the stem is oriented resiliently towards the ground by an adjustable spring 1812 (or another downward force applicator). In the illustrated embodiment, the rod 1840 is mounted in front of the tool bar 14; in other embodiments, the rod can be mounted behind the toolbar 14. In other embodiments, the fastener 400 can be mounted on the rod of row unit 254, on a closing wheel assembly, or on a row cleaning assembly .
    [00077] A modality of the reference sensor 1800 'including an instrumented stem 1840' is illustrated in figures 23 and 24. The reference sensors 350u, 350m, 350I, are preferably arranged at a lower end of the stem 1840 and arranged to contact the soil on a side wall of soil 39 at or adjacent to the top of the furrow, at an intermediate furrow depth, and at or adjacent to the furrow bottom, respectively. The stem 1840 extends into the groove and preferably includes an angled surface 1842 to which reference sensors 350 are mounted; the angle of the surface 1842 is preferably parallel to the side wall of the groove 39. Data Processing and Display
    [00078] Turning to figure 20, monitor 50 is preferably configured to display a screen of soil data 2000 including a plurality of windows displaying soil data. The soil data in each window preferably corresponds to the current measurements made by the sensors mounted on the firmer in the seed firmer 400 of the row unit 200 and / or reference sensor 1800. In some embodiments, the soil data in certain windows can correspond to the average measurements through a previous time window or through a previously traveled distance. In some modalities, the soil data in certain windows correspond to an average value through a plurality of sensors through the planting device; in such embodiments, the window also preferably identifies the row in which the highest and / or lowest value is measured in addition to displaying the lowest and / or highest value measured in such a row.
    [00079] A 2005 carbon content window preferably displays an estimate of the carbon content in the soil. The carbon content is preferably estimated based on the electrical conductivity measured by the 370 electrical conductivity sensors, for example, using an empirical relationship or an empirical query table relating the electrical conductivity to a percentage of the estimated carbon content. The 2005 window displays the electrical conductivity measured by the 370 electrical conductivity sensors in a preferential and additional way.
    [00080] An organic matter window 2010 preferably displays an estimate of the organic matter content of the soil. The organic matter content is preferably estimated based on reflectivity at one or a plurality of wavelengths measured by the reflectivity sensors 350, for example, using an empirical relationship or an empirical query table relating the reflectivity to one or a plurality of wavelengths with an estimated percentage of organic matter.
    [00081] A soil component window 2015 preferably displays an estimate of the fractional presence of one or a plurality of soil components, for example, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and carbon. Each soil component estimate is preferably based on reflectivity at one or a plurality of wavelengths measured by the reflectivity sensors 350, for example, using an empirical relationship or an empirical query table relating reflectivity to one or a plurality of lengths waveform with an estimated fractional presence of a soil component. In some embodiments, the soil component estimate is preferably determined based on a signal or signals generated by the 373 spectrometer. In some embodiments, the 2015 window additionally displays a ratio between the carbon and nitrogen components of the soil.
    [00082] A 2020 moisture window preferably displays an estimate of soil moisture. The moisture estimate is preferably based on reflectivity at one or a plurality of wavelengths (for example 930 or 940 nanometers) measured by the reflectivity sensors 350, for example, using an empirical relationship or an empirical query table relating the reflectivity in one or a plurality of wavelengths with an estimated humidity. In some embodiments, the moisture measurement is determined as described in order '975.
    [00083] A 2025 temperature window preferably displays an estimate of soil temperature. The temperature estimate is preferably based on the signal generated by one or more temperature sensors 350.
    [00084] A 2030 depth window preferably displays the current depth setting. The monitor 50 also preferably allows the user to remotely operate the row unit 200 to a desired groove depth as described in international patent application No. PCT / US2014 / 029352, incorporated herein by reference.
    [00085] Turning now to figure 21, monitor 50 is preferably configured to display one or more map windows 2100 in which a plurality of soil data, measurement and / or estimated values are represented by blocks 2122, 2124 , 2126, each block having a color or pattern associating measurement in the block position with bands 2112, 2114, 2116, respectively (from legend 2110) where the measurements fall. The 2100 map window is preferably generated and displayed for each of the soil, measurement and / or estimate data displayed on the 2000 soil data screen, including, preferably, carbon content, electrical conductivity, organic matter , soil components (including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), moisture and soil temperature.
    [00086] Turning to figure 22, monitor 50 is preferably configured to display one or more windows of planting data including planting data measured by seed sensors 305 and / or reflectivity sensors 350. Window 2205 preferably displays a good spacing value calculated based on seed pulses from optical (or electromagnetic) seed sensors 305. Window 2210 preferably displays a good spacing value based on seed pulses from 350 reflectivity sensors. Referring to the figure 17, the seed pulses 1502 at a reflectivity signal 1500 can be identified by a reflectance level exceeding a T limit associated with the passage of a seed under the seed firmer. A time for each 1502 seed pulse can be established to be the midpoint of each period P between the first and second T limit crossings. Once the seed pulse times are identified (either from the 305 seed sensor or from the reflectivity sensor 350), the seed pulse times are preferably used to calculate a good spacing value as described in US patent application No. 13 / 752,031 ("application '031"), incorporated by reference here. In some modalities, in addition the good spacing in addition to the seed planting information (including, for example, population, singulation, skips and multiples) is also calculated and displayed on screen 2200 according to the methods described in the '031 order. In some modalities, the same wavelength (and / or the same reflectivity sensor 350) is used for the detection of seed such as moisture and other measurements of soil data; in some modalities the wavelength is around 940 nanometers. Where the reflectivity signal 1500 is used for both seed detection and soil measurement (for example, moisture), the part of the signal identified as a seed pulse (for example, P periods) is preferably not used in calculating the soil measurement; for example, the signal during each period P can be considered a line between the times immediately before and immediately after the period P, or, in other modalities, it can be considered as the average value of the signal during the previous 30 seconds of the signal that does not are within any seed pulse period P. In some embodiments, screen 2200 also displays a percentage or absolute difference between the good spacing values or other seed planting information determined based on the seed sensor pulses and the same information determined based on the reflectivity sensor pulses.
    [00087] In some embodiments, the seed sensor is enhanced by the selective measurement of reflectivity at a wavelength or wavelengths associated with a characteristic or characteristics of the seed being planted. In some of these modalities, system 300 prompts the operator to select a plantation, type of seed, seed hybrid, seed treatment and / or other characteristic of the seed to be planted. The wavelength or wavelength at which reflectivity is measured to identify seed pulses is preferably selected based on the seed characteristic or characteristics selected by the operator.
    [00088] In some embodiments, the "good spacing" values are calculated based on both the seed pulse signals generated by the optical or electromagnetic seed sensors 305 and the reflectivity sensors 350.
    [00089] In some of these modalities, the "good spacing" value for a row unit is based on the seed pulses generated by the reflectivity sensor 350 associated with the row unit, which are filtered based on the signal generated by the optical seed sensor 305 in the same row unit. For example, a confidence value can be associated with each seed pulse generated by the optical seed sensor, for example, directly related to the amplitude of the seed pulse of the optical seed sensor; this confidence value can then be modified based on the optical seed sensor signal, for example, increased if a seed pulse is observed on the optical seed sensor within a threshold period before the reflectivity sensor seed pulse , and reduced if a seed pulse is not observed on the optical seed sensor within a time limit before the reflectivity sensor seed pulse. A seed pulse is then recognized and stored as a seed placement if the modified confidence value exceeds a threshold.
    [00090] In other modalities, the "good spacing" value for a row unit is based on the seed pulses generated by the optical seed sensor 305 associated with the row unit, which are modified based on the signal generated by the row sensor 350 reflectivity in the same row unit. For example, the seed pulses generated by the optical seed sensor 305 can be associated with the time of the next seed pulse generated by the reflectivity sensor 350. If no seed pulses are generated by the reflectivity sensor 350 within a time limit after If the seed pulse is generated by the seed sensor 305, then the seed pulse generated by the seed sensor 305 can be ignored (for example, if a confidence level associated with the seed sensor seed pulse is below one limit) or adjusted by an average time delay between the reflectivity sensor seed pulses and the seed sensor seed pulses (for example, the average time delay for at least 10, 100 or 300 seeds).
    [00091] In addition to displaying seed planting information such as well-spaced values, in some embodiments, the measured seed pulses can be used to deposit liquid time in the furrow and other planting records in order to time the seed. application so that the applied planting record lands on the seed, adjacent to the seed, or between seeds as desired. In some of these embodiments, a liquid applicator valve that selectively allows liquid to flow from outlet 507 of liquid conduit 506 is briefly opened for a timeout (eg 0 seconds, 1 ms, 10 ms, 100 ms or 1 second) after a seed pulse 1502 is identified at signal 1500 from the reflectivity sensor 350 associated with the same row unit 200 as the liquid applicator valve.
    [00092] A signal generated by the reflectivity sensor can also be used to identify the presence of planting residues (for example, corn stalks) in the seed groove. Where the reflectivity in a range of wavelengths associated with the planting residue (for example, between 560 and 580 nm) exceeds a limit, system 300 preferably determines that the planting residue is present in the groove at the current location reported by GPS . The spatial variation in the residue can then be mapped and displayed to a user. Addition of a closing wheel down force actuator also 300 system.
    [00093] In some embodiments, an orientation of each seed is determined based on the width of the seed pulse periods based on reflectivity P. In such embodiments, the pulses having a period longer than a limit (an absolute limit or a threshold percentage that exceeds the average pulse period) are categorized in a first category while pulses having a period shorter than the limit are categorized in a second category. The first and second categories correspond preferably to a first and a second seed orientation. The percentages of seeds above the previous 30 seconds that are in the first and / or second category can be displayed on screen 2200. The orientation of each seed is preferably mapped spatially using GPS coordinates of the seed so that the individual performance of the plant can be compared to seed orientation during gauging operations.
    [00094] In some modalities, a determination of the contact between seed and soil is performed based on the existence or lack of a recognized seed pulse generated by the reflectivity sensor 350. For example, where a seed pulse is generated by the seed sensor optical 305 and no seed pulse is generated by the reflectivity sensor 350 within a time limit after the seed pulse of the optical seed sensor, a "bad" seed-to-soil contact value is preferably stored and associated with the location in the which the seed pulse of the reflectivity sensor was expected. A seed-to-soil contact index can be generated for a row or rows by comparing the number of seeds having "bad" seed-to-soil contact across a limit number of seeds planted, distance traveled, or past time. The operator can then be alerted via monitor 50 as to which row or rows exhibit seed-to-soil contact below an index threshold value. Additionally, the spatial variation in the contact between seed and soil can be mapped and displayed to the user. In addition, a criterion representing the percentage of seeds planted (for example, having no "bad" seed-to-soil contact) over a previous period of time or number of seeds can be displayed to the operator.
    [00095] Turning to figure 29, in some embodiments, the row unit 200 additionally comprises a groove condition sensor system 2900. The groove condition sensor system 2900 preferably includes a 2910 sensor arranged to measure a characteristic (for example, reflectivity, humidity, temperature, presence of seeds, presence of residues) of groove 38 (for example, the bottom of the groove). The 2910 sensor preferably comprises a sensor configured to remotely measure the groove characteristic, for example, without contact with the ground. The 2910 sensor is preferably disposed above the soil surface (for example, above the bottom of the furrow and preferably above the top of the furrow). The 2910 sensor may comprise a reflectivity sensor. The groove condition sensor system 2900 preferably comprises and additionally a light source 2910 (for example, an LED) arranged to illuminate groove 28. In some embodiments, the light source 2920 is configured to modify the intensity and / or the wavelength at which the groove is illuminated. The sensor 2910 and the light source 2920 are preferably arranged longitudinally behind the seed firmer 400 and longitudinally in front of the closure system 236. The sensor 2910 and the light source 2920 are preferably arranged transversely between the side edges groove 38. Sensor 2910 and light source 2920 are preferably suspended in their preferred locations by supports 2930 depending on the frame of row unit 200. Sensor 2910 and light source 2920 are preferably in data communication with the monitor of the planting device 50 for transmission of commands and measurement data. Lateral Extrusion Modes
    [00096] Turning to figures 27 and 28, a modality of the seed firming device having lateral groove coupling extrusions ("flaps") 3730 is illustrated. The flaps 2730-1, 2730-2 are preferably arranged on the left and right side, respectively, of the seed firm 2700. The wings 2730 can be mounted (for example, by a tongue and groove arrangement) on the firmer 2710 body of the firm seed 2700 or formed as a single unitary part with the body of the firm. The flaps 2730 are preferably arranged to open the lateral grooves of transversal extension 37 in the ground as the firmer is moved longitudinally through the primary groove 38, so that the primary groove 38 includes two lateral grooves of transversal extension on its left and right. Each flap is preferably arranged at a flap angle (for example 10 to 30 degrees) with respect to the horizontal plane so that a rear end of the flap is higher than a front end of the flap. Each flap preferably has a top surface which is preferably arranged at the angle of the flap. The flaps 2730 are preferably arranged to retain a lower surface of the firmer body 2710 in contact with the bottom of the primary groove 38, for example, by transmitting a downward vertical force from the ground to the firmer body. The downward vertical force can be developed by the cutting action of the 2730 flap; for example, the vertical downward force can be developed by the soil by moving from the lower front end of the flap to the upper rear end of the flap.
    [00097] The flaps 2730 can be made of the same material or a different material than the body of the firmer 2710. The flaps 2730 can be made of a plastic or made of a material having a greater resistance to wear than plastic such as metal (for example, stainless steel or hardened white iron), can include a wear resistant coating (or a non-stick coating as described here), and can include a wear resistant part such as a tungsten carbide insert.
    [00098] Each flap 2730 preferably includes a 2732 sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor is arranged on an upper surface of flap 2730 as illustrated. In other embodiments, the sensor can be arranged on a leading end or a bottom surface of the flap. The 2732 sensor can be an electrical conductivity sensor (for example, one or more electrical conductivity probes), a temperature sensor (for example, one or more thermal coupling probes), a humidity sensor (for example, a sensor reflectivity), an organic matter sensor (for example, a reflectivity sensor), a pH sensor (for example, a reflectivity sensor), a residue sensor (for example, a reflectivity sensor), or a seed sensor (for example, a reflectivity sensor).
    [00099] Each flap 2730 preferably includes a fluid outlet 2734. Fluid outlet 2734 is preferably in fluid communication with a fluid source (for example a fertilizer comprising a pop-up starter, a fertilizer comprising nitrogen, a pesticide, or a herbicide). The fluid outlet 2734 can be in fluid communication with the fluid source through an internal channel formed on the flaps and / or the firmer's body, where the internal channel is in fluid communication with a liquid supply tube placing the seed firmer 2700 in fluid communication with the fluid source. The fluid source can be mounted on the row unit, on the toolbar, elsewhere on the planting device, on a separately pulled cart, or on the tractor. In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid outlet 2734 is formed at a transversely distal end of the flap 2730. In other embodiments, the fluid outlet 2734 may be formed in a transversely intermediate part of the flap 2730 or adjacent to the body of the firmer 2710. In the embodiment illustrated, the fluid outlet 2734 is formed on a bottom surface of the flap 2730 and arranged to distribute the fluid in a generally downward direction (for example, normal with respect to the bottom surface of the flap). In other embodiments, the fluid outlet 2734 can be formed at the outer distal end of the flap 2730 and arranged to distribute the fluid in an outward direction. In other embodiments, the fluid outlet 2734 may be formed on an upper surface of the flap 2730 and arranged to distribute the fluid in a generally upward direction (for example, normal with respect to the upper surface of the flap). The fluid outlet 2734 is preferably laterally spaced from the transverse center of the firmer 2710 body by a selected distance to avoid "burning" the seed located at the bottom of the groove with the liquid applied through the fluid outlet. For example, the fluid outlet 2734 can be spaced laterally from the transverse center of the firmer 2710 body by a distance between 1.27 and 0.762 cm (0.5 inches and 0.3 inches), for example, 2.54 cm ( 1 inch), 3.81 cm (1.5 inch) or 6.35 cm (2.5 inches).
    [000100] It should be noted that the 2700 firmer mode can additionally comprise the other sensors described here, for example, those located at the bottom of the firmer 2710 body).
    [000101] Turning to figures 31 to 36, a firmer 3100 is illustrated having flaps 3132 configured to create an opening in the side wall of the planting furrow and 3150 injection needles for injecting liquid (for example, fertilizer such as nitrogen) at the opening.
    [000102] The firmer body 3110 preferably includes a flexible part 3112 to maintain a resilient downward force on a rear part 3114 of the firmer body as the firmer 3100 traverses the ground. A part of engagement with the soil 3120 is preferably mounted on the rear part 3114 and is preferably arranged to engage the groove and firm the seeds at the bottom of the groove within the soil. The left and right flaps 3132-1, 3132-2 and injection needles 3150 preferably extend from the firmer 3100 at a downward angle, for example, an angle σ from the vertical plane as shown in figure 35. The angle σ can be between 10 and 80 degrees, for example, 45 degrees. A forward facing edge 3134 of each flap 3132 preferably cuts into the ground; the edge 3134 is preferably in a backward scan orientation, that is, angled backwards with respect to a horizontal lateral plane (that is, normal with respect to the direction of travel of the implement) at an angle between 10 and 80 degrees (by example, 30 degrees, 45 degrees or 70 degrees).
    [000103] Piping 3140 is preferably configured to receive liquid and distribute to the groove, for example, to the openings created by flaps 3132. As illustrated in figure 36, in the illustrated embodiment the liquid is preferably introduced into an inlet 3142 in piping 3140 by a flexible tube (not shown). Inlet 3142 is preferably in fluid communication with the internal conduits 3152 of each injection needle 3150 through outlets 3144.
    [000104] At installation, a flap body 3130 is preferably inserted into a partition 3122 in the part of engagement with the ground 3120. Flap body 3130 is preferably retained in partition 3122 by fitting a pipe 3140 to an end end of the part coupling with the soil 3120. It should be appreciated that the flap body 3130 can be removed and replaced by removing the pipe 3140 (for example, by removing the screws shown in figure 35). Injection needles 3150 can be removably inserted into the 3140 tubing (for example, by screwing) or permanently installed in the tubing (for example, by welding, annealing or adhesive).
    [000105] In operation, the flaps 3132 preferably open side grooves 37 in the side walls of groove 38 and the liquid is pumped from a liquid source through injection needles 3150 into the side grooves. It should be appreciated that the position of the 3150 injection needles directly behind the 3132 flaps allows the injection needles to travel through the side grooves opened by the flaps as the implement crosses the field.
    [000106] In some embodiments, the tabs 3132 can be supplemented or replaced by another structure mounted on the fastener configured to open the side grooves 37. In some examples, a movable cutting surface such as a rotating circular blade can be provided on the side of the seed firm to open side grooves 37. In some embodiments, flaps can be omitted. In some of these modalities, the injection needles can be omitted and the liquid applied through an opening leveled with or slightly raised with respect to the surface of the seed firmer; in some of these embodiments, the opening may be relatively small and the pressure of the applied liquid increased in order to insert the liquid into the side walls of the groove 38 by spraying the pressurized liquid into the side walls instead of or in addition to the groove opening 37.
    [000107] In some embodiments, the injection needles and flaps (or similar structure for opening side grooves and liquid injection) can be provided in the structure in addition to a seed firmer willing to open and fertilize the side grooves in the groove of planting 38 or another furrow. In some instances, the injection needles and tabs can be mounted on the stem extending into the groove (for example, for a modified rod 254 modality), for the closing wheel assembly or for an additional support or mounting frame depending on the row unit.
    [000108] It should be appreciated that the various components of the 3100 firmer modality can have variable material properties. The rear part 3114 of flexible part 3112 can be made of nylon or acetal (for example, Delrin). The ground engagement part 3120 can be made of metal such as steel or cobalt. The 3120 ground coupling part can be supplied with a wear resistant layer such as tungsten carbide. The ground engagement part 3120 can be provided with a non-stick coating such as Teflon. The 3132 tabs can be made of a metal such as steel or stainless steel. The edge 3134 of each flap and / or the entire flap 3132 can be provided with a wear-resistant layer such as tungsten carbide. Injection needles 3150 can be made of a metal such as steel or stainless steel. Piping 140 may be made of acetal (for example, Delrin), nylon, plastic, or metal (for example, aluminum, steel or powdered metal).
    [000109] With reference to figure 37, an embodiment 300 'of the system 300 of figure 3 is further illustrated including apparatus and systems for applying liquid to a groove or grooves (for example, side grooves opened in the side wall of one or more grooves open by planting row units 200). A processor such as an implement monitor 50 is preferably in data communication (for example, electrical or wireless communication) with one or more liquid rate controllers 3710 configured to control the flow rate and / or pressure at which the liquid it is delivered from a 3705 liquid container that can be supported by the implement 10. The liquid rate controller may comprise a variable rate pump and / or a fluid control valve. The liquid container 3705 is preferably in fluid communication with a plurality of row units 200, preferably via the liquid rate controller 3710. System 300 may include a liquid rate controller in fluid communication with all or a subset (for example, a plowing section) of the row units 200 supported on the toolbar 14. In other embodiments, a separate liquid controller can be associated with each row unit 200 to control the flow rate and / or pressure of applying liquid to that row unit; in such embodiments, each liquid controller can be mounted in its associated row unit. In system operation 300 ', the liquid rate controller or 3710 controllers preferably varies the application rate to the average that the implement traverses the field based on a precipitation map associating the desired application rates with locations (for example, locations reference, rasters, management zones, polygons) in the field. In some of these modalities, locations in the field having a common soil type or other soil characteristic can be associated with common flow rates.
    [000110] Continuing with reference to figure 37, system 300 'may additionally include one or more orifices to control the rate of liquid application. The holes are preferably removable and replaceable by the operator, for example, to select a different rate of liquid application. In some embodiments, the liquid rate controller 3710 is in fluid communication with an upstream orifice 3710. Upstream orifice 3715 may comprise a replaceable orifice plate selected from a group of orifice plates having varying orifice widths (for example, available from Schaffert Mfg. Co. of Indianola, Nebraska or TeeJet of Wheaton, Illinois). In other embodiments, the upstream orifice 3715 may comprise a replaceable flexible tube selected from a group of flexible tubes having varying internal diameters. In some embodiments, the liquid rate controller 3710 is in fluid communication with one or more terminal holes 3720. The terminal holes can be arranged at one end of a fluid transmission line (for example, the tube flexible); for example, liquid can come out of the 3720 terminal holes directly into the side groove or groove. In some embodiments, terminal holes 3720 can comprise 3150 liquid injection needles (see figure 36), which can be selected from a group of injection needles having varying internal diameters. In some embodiments, the terminal holes 3720 may comprise removable orifices arranged at or near the terminal ends of the 3150 injection needles. In some embodiments, the terminal holes may comprise the smallest hole in the system 300 '.
    [000111] Continuing with the reference to figure 37, in some embodiments the system 300 'may additionally include a 3730 air controller to selectively direct and / or vary the air flow rate of an air pressure source P (for example a propellant such as a fan used to supply seeds from a volume supply tank for row units 200) to row units 200 (for example, through upstream hole 3715 or terminal holes 3720). The 3700 air controller may comprise a shut-off valve and / or a valve control valve. The monitor 50 is preferably in data communication with the air controller 3730 and preferably, selectively opens and / or varies the air flow rate for the row unit 200 (for example, for the firmer 3100). In operation, the 3730 air controller can be opened or a flow rate selected based on a manual entry, for example, an entry in the monitor 50 GUI. In other embodiments, the 3730 air controller can be opened or a rate flow rate selected by identifying a predetermined event (for example, a time period, activating the liquid rate controller, disabling the liquid rate controller, or a signal from the liquid rate controller or flow sensor indicating flow rates through one or more upstream holes 3715 and / or terminal holes 3720).
    [000112] The above description is presented to allow those skilled in the art to create and make use of the invention and is provided in the context of a patent application and its requirements. Various modifications to the preferred mode of the apparatus and the general principles and characteristics of the system and methods described here will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the present invention should not be limited to the modalities of the apparatus, system and methods described above and illustrated in the figures of the drawings, but, the broader scope consistent with the spirit and scope of the appended claims should be agreed.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [0001]
    1. Liquid application apparatus for applying liquid to the soil during a planting operation, comprising: a seed firmer (2700, 3100) mounted on a planting row unit (200), the planting row unit being (200) has an opening system (234) and a closing system (236), in which the opening system (234) is configured to open a planting groove (38) defined by the first and second side walls in the soil ( 40), the closing system (236) is configured to close the planting furrow (38) opened by the opening system (234), in which the planting row unit (200) deposits the seeds in the planting furrow (38 ) opened in front of the closing system (236) and between said first and said second side walls as the row planting unit (200) crosses the field, the seed firm (2700, 3100) resilient way to a lower part of said planting furrow (38) opened after the seeds serve m deposited and in front of said closing system, characterized by the fact that: said seed firmer (2700, 3100) has a first flap (2730-1, 3132-1) arranged to open a first lateral groove of transversal extension (37-1) in said first side wall as the row planting unit (200) crosses the field; and a first liquid injection duct (2734-1, 3152-1) mounted on said seed firmer (2700, 3100) and arranged to inject liquid into said first lateral transverse groove (37-1) after the seeds are deposited and in front of the closing system (236); wherein the seed firmer (2700, 3100) has a firmer body (2710, 3110) which includes: a rear part (3114); a flexible part (2720, 3112) to maintain a resilient downward force at the rear (3114) as the seed firmer (2700, 3100) traverses the soil; and a ground hitch part (3120) mounted at the rear (3114) and arranged to engage the planting furrow (38) and to secure the seeds previously deposited at the bottom of the planting furrow (38) in the soil in front of the closing system (236); wherein an outlet of said first liquid injection duct (2734-1, 3152-1) is separated laterally from a transverse center of said firming body (2710, 3110) by a distance to avoid burning the seeds previously deposited at the bottom the planting groove (38) when the liquid is injected through said first liquid injection duct (2734-1,3152-1).
    [0002]
    2. Liquid application apparatus, according to king-vindication 1, characterized by the fact that said seed firmer (2700, 3100) includes a second flap (2730-2, 3132-2) arranged to open a second groove transverse extension side (37-2) in said second side wall as the row planting unit (200) crosses the field and additionally comprises a second liquid injection duct (2734-2, 3152-2) mounted on the said seed firmer (2700, 3100) and arranged to inject the liquid into the second lateral groove of transversal extension (37-2).
    [0003]
    3. Liquid application apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises: a liquid pipe (3140) mounted on said seed firmer (3100), said liquid pipe (3140) having an inlet (3142), a first outlet (3144-1) and a second outlet (3144-2), where said first outlet (3144-1) is in fluid communication with said first liquid injection duct (3152-1 ), where said second outlet (3144-2) is in fluid communication with said second liquid injection duct (3152-2), and where said inlet (3142) is configured to be placed in fluid communication with a source of liquid.
    [0004]
    4. Liquid application apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises: a reflectivity sensor (2732) mounted on said seed firmer (2700, 3100).
    [0005]
    5. Liquid application apparatus, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it further comprises: an electrical conductivity sensor (2732) mounted on said seed firmer (2700, 3100).
    [0006]
    6. Liquid application apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises: a temperature sensor (2732) mounted on said seed firmer (2700, 3100).
    [0007]
    7. Liquid application apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said liquid injection conduit (3152) comprises a hollow needle (3150).
    [0008]
    8. Liquid application apparatus, according to claim 7, characterized in that said needle (3150) has a first internal diameter, where said needle is removably mounted to said seed firmer (3100) so that said needle (3150) can be replaced with a replacement needle (3150), said replacement needle (3150) having a second inner diameter, said second inner diameter being greater than said first inner diameter.
    [0009]
    9. Liquid application apparatus, according to vindication 1, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises: a liquid rate controller (3710) in fluid communication with a liquid container (3705) and the said liquid injection (3152), said liquid rate controller (3710) configured to modify a liquid application rate through said liquid injection conduit (3152).
    [0010]
    10. Liquid application apparatus, according to the vindication 9, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises: an implement monitor (50) in data communication with said liquid rate controller (3710), said monitor implement (50) commanding a liquid application rate for said liquid rate controller (3710); a global positioning receiver (52) in data communication with said implement monitor (50), where said implement monitor (52) is configured to select a liquid application rate based on a position reported by the receiver global positioning (52).
    [0011]
    11. Apparatus for applying liquid, according to the vindication 9, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises: a replaceable orifice (3715, 3720) in fluid communication with said liquid container (3705) and the said liquid injection (3152).
    [0012]
    12. Apparatus for applying liquid, according to vindication 11, characterized by the fact that said replaceable orifice (3715) is disposed upstream of said liquid injection duct (3152).
    [0013]
    13. Liquid application apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that said replaceable orifice (3720) is disposed at a terminal end of said liquid injection conduit (3152).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BR112016025992B1|2021-08-10|
    ES2805466T3|2021-02-12|
    EP3139724B1|2018-10-17|
    UA120613C2|2020-01-10|
    CA2948354A1|2015-11-12|
    CA2948345A1|2015-11-12|
    EP3682723A1|2020-07-22|
    BR112016025992A2|2017-08-15|
    LT3139723T|2020-08-25|
    CA2948354C|2019-10-01|
    WO2015171915A1|2015-11-12|
    AU2015255935A1|2016-11-24|
    EP3139724A4|2018-03-07|
    AU2015255935B2|2019-02-28|
    EP3139723A1|2017-03-15|
    CA3131872A1|2015-11-12|
    AU2019205021B2|2021-01-07|
    EP3139723B1|2020-07-01|
    EP3139723A4|2018-04-25|
    UA120614C2|2020-01-10|
    AU2015255942A1|2016-11-24|
    AU2019205021A1|2019-08-01|
    AU2015255942B2|2019-04-18|
    WO2015171908A1|2015-11-12|
    EP3139724A1|2017-03-15|
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    法律状态:
    2019-08-20| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-09| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-03| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 07/05/2015, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
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