巴西专利BR112016021381B1 PRESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DIMENSIONALLY STABLE PREFORMS, MATRIX FOR A PRESS, USE OF A PRESS AND/OR

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专利摘要:
press for the production of dimensionally stable preforms and production process. The present invention relates to a press for producing dimensionally stable preforms (46) from a material which is substantially powdery in the form of a powder, in particular an iron powder and/or a powder. of ceramic, which has a tool containing an upper die and a lower die, in which the upper die and the lower die comprise at least one die (34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f, 34g, 48a, 48b , 48c, 48d, 58), in which a first die and a second die are jointly arranged as the top die or the bottom die so as to slide into each other, each having a first end and a second end. situated opposite the first end, in which at least one of the two dies along a portion expands conically to the point where the second end thereof reaches a width corresponding to an outer diameter of a die support, the which is assigned to the second ext remedy. this allows presses with a compact form to be made available for the production of dimensionally stable preforms of high quality and great complexity.
公开号:BR112016021381B1
申请号:R112016021381-5
申请日:2015-03-18
公开日:2021-08-17
发明作者:Rainer Schmitt；Ümit Aydin
申请人:Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[001] The present invention relates to a press for producing dimensionally stable preforms from a substantially powdery material and to a method for producing dimensionally stable preforms.
[002] In order for the powdery material to be compressed, it is necessary that a dedicated and independently movable tool plane is provided for almost all heights of the components. According to the prior art, these tool planes are arranged one on top of the other. The tool is constructed and moved axially over these tool planes by means of tool-specific accessories such as die holders, pressure plates and clamping plates. For example, an adapter construction, in which the tool planes are arranged at various height levels, is described in DE 101 35 523 C2 and US 5,498,147. Due to this overlapping construction, the tool planes, in particular the tool, increase in the axial direction as the complexity increases, as an extension along the length of the subsequent fitting, eg a pressure plate and a clamping plate, plus the travel path in the fill position, the press position and the exposure position, and the installation reserve and the replacement reserve must be included for each subsequent tool plan. For the same reason, tool planes, in particular the tool, quickly approach their technological limits, for example the risk of bending or bulging according to Euler, high levels of elasticity or high levels of stress in the section cross section.
[003] It is an object of the invention to provide a press in a compact form for the production of dimensionally stable preforms of high quality and high complexity.
[004] A press for the production of dimensionally stable preforms from a substantially powdery material, having the features of claim 1, and the use of a press, having the features of claim 16, a method for production of dimensionally stable preforms from a substantially powdery material having the characteristics of claim 18, a preform having the characteristics of claim 22, and a statistically relevant group of preforms having the characteristics of claim 23, are proposed. Advantageous features, design modes and improvements are derived from the following description, from the attached figures, as well as from the claims, in which the individual features of a design embodiment are not limited thereto. Preferably, one or a plurality of features from one design embodiment may be combined with one or a plurality of features from other design embodiments to form additional design embodiments. Furthermore, the terminology of independent claims 1, 16, 18, 22, and 23, in form according to the application, serve only as a first sketch of the terminology of the subject matter to be claimed. In this way, one or a plurality of features of the terminology can be replaced as well as deleted or can also be supplemented in an additional way. Furthermore, characteristics that are declared through a specific exemplary modality can also be employed in a generic way or in other exemplary modality, in particular, in other applications.
[005] The present invention relates to a press for the production of dimensionally stable preforms from a substantially powdery material, in particular metal powder, preferably iron powder and/or ceramic powder , which has a tool containing an upper matrix and a lower matrix, in which the upper matrix and the lower matrix comprise at least one matrix, in which a first matrix and a second matrix are together arranged as the upper matrix or the lower matrix of so as to slide into each other, each having a first end and a second end situated opposite the first end, in which at least one of the two dies along one portion expands conically to the point where the second end of it reaches a width corresponding to an outer diameter of a die holder, which is associated with the second end.
[006] The term powdery material, in this case, describes a sintered material. The material may comprise a predominantly metallic proportion. The sintered metallic material in this case may be particularly sintered bronze, sintered iron or any arbitrary sintered steel. In addition, the material contained in the sintered material may also have at least partially other ingredients such as, for example, ceramics.
[007] The term matrix serves as a generic term that, in this case, describes an upper matrix and/or a lower matrix, which are necessary for the production of a dimensionally stable preform. The preform can preferably be produced by pressing on both sides in a compression space, as this method, in relation to the scope of application, is far superior to all other methods. The reasons for this are the good dimensional stability of the preforms and the high productivity at reasonable costs, subject to significant and particularly high production volumes. Furthermore, it is possible for both the first and second matrix to be configured as an upper matrix or a lower matrix, and for the preform to be pressed, that at least one upper matrix or a lower matrix is arranged so that be opposite the first matrix and the second matrix, depending on the arrangement of the first matrix and the second matrix.
[008] The term matrix support, in this case, refers to a component that has a support face for the second end of the matrices. The matrix support can be composed of two rods, for example the second end of a matrix supported on it. Matrix support can take many formats; preferably, the array support should match the shape of the second end. For example, the matrix support can have a round, oval, square, polygonal, mesh shape, or any other arbitrary shape. In addition, the matrix supports can be connected to a mobile and/or rigid adapter plate, preferably to flat plates, of a press adapter so that the transmission of force can be effected through the matrices on the support supports. matrix and directly onto the adapter plate, preferably the flat plate, of the press adapter.
[009] The term diameter, in this case, describes that the matrix and the matrix support define a common circle. Diameter is as much spacing as possible between two points on the circle.
[0010] Furthermore, the two matrices can be fitted so that at least these two matrices are mutually telescopic. Thus, arrays are not sequential in a row. In the case of a sequential arrangement according to the prior art, several arrays are arranged next to each other on a plane and are not arranged so as to be mutually telescopic. Once the matrices are broadly or fully delimited, a sequential arrangement according to the prior art is no longer possible. Furthermore, it is disadvantageous in the case of a sequential arrangement that a geometrically complex pressure plate is required for the arrangement of dies on a pressure plate.
[0011] More compact presses can be produced because at least one of the two dies along a portion expands to the point where the second end thereof reaches a width corresponding to an outer diameter of a die support which is associated with the second end. The feature along a portion, in this case, describes that the matrix, post-expansion towards the second end, may still have a portion that is parallel to the longitudinal axis. However, that portion that is parallel to the longitudinal axis is preferably provided with a longitudinal extension parallel to the geometric axis less than the extension of the portion that expands conically. In particular, the conical portion may have an extension longer than the extension of the portion parallel to the longitudinal geometric axis by a factor of at least 2. A conical or bell-shaped widening on the inside is obtained for the same reason. By expanding towards the second end, the arrays can create an installation space in which another array can be accommodated. For the same reason, elongated dies such as those in the prior art can be dispensed with. Furthermore, the expansion can have a dimension, for example, of up to ten times, preferably up to five times, in particular up to three times the diameter of the first end of the die. An increase in tool rigidity and thus a decrease in elasticity can be obtained by the fact that the dies expand from the first end towards the second end, the diameter being enlarged at the second end, the result of which is that forces of higher pressings can be used. Higher densities in the preforms can be allowed and in addition to the tolerances regarding shape and placement, the height tolerances of the preforms can be improved. Furthermore, because the matrices are expanded, the cross section of the matrices can be increased, thus allowing the stresses to be reduced and the risk of bending according to Euler to be minimized or eliminated, respectively. The stiffness of matrices can be high and almost arbitrary, for example it can be increased up to a factor of two, preferably up to a factor of five, in particular by a factor above five times the usual stiffness. The term usual stiffness in this case refers to a stiffness according to the prior art, which results from the diameter of the dies according to the prior art. Furthermore, more tool planes, for example four or more tool planes, in particular in the case of presses of 1000 kN or less, can be implemented by means of an expansion of the dies, taking elasticity into account. For the same reason, even small components with great complexity can be produced.
[0012] Because the diameter of the second ends of the dies approaches the diameter of the respective die supports, it can be ensured that the dies, through the second end of the same, support directly on the respective die support. For the same reason, shorter and/or smaller die holders can be used, thus allowing the overall size of the presses to be reduced.
[0013] The second end preferably has a width that covers at least one inner diameter of an associated matrix support. Thereby, the second end may have a width substantially equal to the respective matrix support. The second end may have a width corresponding to the width between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the respective die holder. For the same reason, it is made possible that a plurality of dies and the respective die supports thereof can be arranged to be fitted together in the press.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the first matrix situated at its second end is arranged directly on a first matrix support, and the second matrix at its second end is disposed directly on a second matrix support, in each case without the interaction of a pressure plate. Because the dies are arranged directly on a die holder without the use of accessories such as pressure plates and/or clamping plates, the total weight of the entire tool construction can be minimized so that a lightweight construction can be made feasible and machining can be carried out on the press in a short period of time. By dispensing with the pressure plates, a force can be transmitted from the first end of the die, through expansion, directly to the die supports. However, the use of prior art pressure plates leads to a type of solid construction that has a high weight, as the force in the shorter axial installation space has to be transmitted through the pressure plates to the outside of the support. of matrix. In the case of the present invention, instead of having to replace the tools with all accessories, only the dies can be replaced individually or as a block. For the same reason, machining periods and thus machine idle periods can be reduced. Furthermore, the installation space in the case of a press having three or more tool planes can be reduced approximately by the target of. For the same reason, more compact presses that have three or more tool planes for the production of preforms can be made available. Even in the case of presses below 1000 kN, a number of four or more planes on the product can be implemented, otherwise typical long dies can be incorporated in a shorter way. In addition, the matrix supports can be connected to a mobile and/or rigid adapter plate, preferably on flat plates, of a press adapter so that the transmission of force can be effected through the matrices on the support supports. matrix directly to the adapter plate, preferably to the flat plate of the press adapter.
[0015] It is preferable that the first die and the second die, in a pressing direction along a common longitudinal geometric axis by means of the second extended ends of the first, are arranged so as to slide into each other. In this case, the arrays can at least partially delimit each other radially. The term pressing direction in this case describes the direction of the first end of the dies in which the first end of the dies is moved along the longitudinal axis in the press during production of the preform. The matrices, here in that portion where they partly delimit each other radially, have a concentric, rotationally symmetric, U-shaped, square, polygonal, multi-angle, or arbitrary geometry.
[0016] Preferably, the first matrix and the second matrix have mutually identical or nearly identical elasticities. In particular, all matrices on one side of the matrix, for example on the upper side of the matrix or on the lower side of the matrix, preferably have an identical or nearly identical elasticity. The elasticities of all matrices on the underside of the matrix and/or on the upper side of the matrix can be adapted by means of a computer-enhanced design so that the elasticities are nearly identical. For example, an elasticity deviation between the matrices may preferably be <50%, preferably <20%, particularly preferably 10%. The term elastic length modification, in this case, is characterized by the modulus of elasticity, the respective tension in the respective cross section of the matrix and the associated individual lengths, and can be computed using the following formula:

[0017] in which ΔLi = modification of the elastic length of the respective portion of the matrix, L0i = length of the respective portion of the matrix; c, = stress in the respective portion of the matrix, E = modulus of elasticity; i = number of portions of the respective portions of the matrix.
[0018] This can be achieved by the fact that there is no disparity of elasticity during pressing in all tool planes, which makes problems during pressing, such as cracks during its relaxation, to be avoided. In this way, preforms that are perfect in terms of quality become available, even in the case of complicated geometries that have multiple tool planes.
[0019] In a preferred embodiment, at an initial position of the press, a first region extends from the first end of the first die, the first end of the second die being disposed in the first region, and/or a second region extends to starting from the second end of the first matrix, the second end of the second matrix being disposed in the second region. The first ends of the dies, in this case in the first region, can be arranged on a plane or can be offset. Furthermore, the second ends of the dies in the second region can be arranged on a plane or can be offset. By arranging the first ends of the dies in a first region, and/or by arranging the second ends of the dies in a second region, an identical or nearly identical tool length applies to chucks such as center chucks or in-line chucks. segments, or to unambiguously arranged mandrels, respectively, which are smooth or raised, for example. In this case, it can be consciously taken into account that the external matrices must be extended so that the internal matrices are shortened. Otherwise, an arrangement on a plan would not be possible in a proper way. For the same reason, the installation space for the dies, in the case of three or more tool planes, can be reduced by approximately half. It is also possible that the dies at their second end, in particular at the base part thereof, are arranged on the respective die supports at various height levels.
[0020] It is preferable that the first and second matrix expand conically and have a base part, in which the conical expansion is effected by means of a design of the matrix in the associated region, which comprises a rotating body that is at least broadly closed, a closed swivel body, a frame construction, a base construction, a web construction and/or any other construction design that expands outwardly the matrix geometry. Using conical expansion, a force can be transmitted from a small cross section, in particular a diameter at the first end of the die, to a larger cross section, in particular a diameter at the second end of the die, to the support of matrix. Fixing the dies to the dies supports can be simplified by using a base piece. The base part, in this case, can have an integral shape or else a multi-part and split shape.
[0021] Preferably, on a base piece at the second end of an expanded die, a connecting device, preferably a quick release clasp for connecting with a component to be connected, in particular, to a support of matrix, is provided. The quick release closure, in this case, can have a plurality of fastening elements. For example, the quick release latch can be configured as a bayonet-type fastener. The first base piece and the second base piece in this case can have a plurality of openings in the form of rotating slots, while the respective matrix support has corresponding buttons which can be inserted into the openings. Likewise, machining time can be reduced by means of a bayonet-type closure. The dies can be released from the respective die holders by a simple rotation. Furthermore, it would be possible to fasten the dies to the matrix supports with the aid of fastening means such as screws or clamping means on the respective matrix supports. In addition, the base piece can have an oval shape, a square shape, or a polygonal shape. Furthermore, with the aid of the quick release closure, the first matrix and the second matrix can be simultaneously secured to the respective matrix supports. Machining time can be shortened by releasing and/or simultaneously mounting all dies from or on die holders, respectively, and dies can be assembled as a complete dies block in the press instead of being assembled individually in the press.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the first and second matrix of the matrix are produced by means of an additive manufacturing method, preferably by a method of laser sintering, electron beam fusion, laser coating, by a casting method, by an erosive method or by a scraping method. The term additive manufacturing method is a comprehensive reference to methods for the rapid and cost-effective fabrication of models, samples, prototypes, tools, and final products, which are now often referred to as rapid prototyping. This type of fabrication is carried out directly, based on computerized internal data models, from an amorphous material, for example, fluids, powder or a neutral shaped material, such as a tape or wire format, for example, by through chemical and/or physical processes. Although these are in fact forming methods, no special tools that have a respective memorized part geometry, eg dies in the case of the casting method, are required for any specific product. Laser sintering is a three-dimensional printing method used to produce spatial structures by sintering from a powdery raw material. Laser sintering is a generative layered construction method, in which the part is built layer by layer. Arbitrary three-dimensional geometries, which also include undercuts, for example parts that cannot be manufactured by means of conventional mechanical or foundry production, can be generated in this way through the effect of laser beams. Tools can be produced overnight using a laser sintering method. For the same reason, the time required for manufacturing the tools can be shortened by factors compared to other production methods. Electron beam fusion is a method for producing metallic components from a base powder. Using an electron beam as an energy source, a metal powder is melted in a desired way, which allows components with almost arbitrary geometry to be produced directly based on the construction data. For this purpose, a layer of powder is applied alternately by a "doctor blade" on the previous layer of powder and irradiated by an electron beam. In this way, the desired component is generated layer by layer. Laser coating is a method in which a surface application by means of fusion and simultaneous application of an almost arbitrary material on the part is carried out. Such coating can be carried out in the form of a powder, for example a metal powder, or using a soldering wire or soldering rod. A high power laser, primarily a diode laser or fiber laser previously known as a CO2 laser and an Nd:YAG laser, serves as a heat source in the case of laser coating. In a casting method, dies can be either simple in design or complicated. A die can be quickly produced by means of the casting method, in particular in the case of very simple geometries, for example in the case of a circular die. In the case of an erosive method, the matrices can be produced by a removal method, for example, by electro-erosion, wire erosion or thermal dissipation of the matrix. In the case of the scraping method, dies can be produced inter alia by means of rotation, grinding, sawing, drilling, grinding, grinding of high hardness materials or by means of other removal methods.
[0023] It is preferable that the first matrix and the second matrix, in each case expanded, have a numerically conceived geometry and optimized for loads with mutually compatible elasticity. For example, a conceptual bionic method or design improvement software can be applied so that elasticity equalization is achieved. This can be achieved with the aid of a numerically designed geometry optimized for loads so that no disparity in elasticity arises during the pressing of all tool planes, which allows problems during pressing, such as cracking during its relaxation and/or mold release can be avoided. In this way, preforms with optimal quality can be made available even in the case of complicated geometries that have several tool planes.
[0024] Preferably, at least three or more dies are expanded to the point where the respective second end thereof reaches a width that at least approximates an outer diameter of a die support, which is associated with the respective second end. In this way, the dies can be arranged to be mutually interlocked in the press, in which the second dies can be arranged on the same plane or in an almost identical plane.
[0025] In a preferred embodiment, at least one upper matrix and one lower matrix are expanded to the point where the respective second end thereof reaches a width that at least approximates an outer diameter of a matrix support, the which is associated with the respective second end.
[0026] In addition, the present invention relates to a die for a press as illustrated above, in which the die at its second end has a fastening device that is expanded to the point where the expanded width thereof at least approximates to at least one matrix support to be arranged. This opening can ensure that during production of the preform, force can be transmitted from the first end to the second end, and from the second end to the die holder, without the force flow being diverted by a pressure plate.
[0027] Preferably, a matrix support is releasably disposed over the fastening device at the second end of the matrix. In this way, the matrix can be quickly attached or released from the matrix support. Furthermore, the matrix can be secured to the matrix support without the aid of a pressure plate. The second end can brace directly on the die holder and be secured with the aid of a fastening device, preferably a quick release fastener, in particular a bayonet-type fastener, to the die holder. For the same reason, a quick die replacement can be made possible, which allows machining periods to be shortened and unnecessary machine downtimes to be avoided.
[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the matrix at its first end ends in matrices with at least two parts. For the same reason, more complicated preforms can be produced using more compact tool constructions, since a plurality of dies with multiple pieces can be used with the same number of dies. In addition, the press can be reduced in size for the same reason, as a die that has multiple parts needs less space than a die exclusively used for each part of the die.
[0029] Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of a press and/or a matrix as described above, for the production of a preform, preferably a preform that is stable in terms of final dimensions, from a powdery material.
[0030] The preform is preferably used for the production of a component part. In particular, component elements can be a safety-relevant component. Preforms for the production of component parts can be produced using a press as described above, in which the preforms do not exhibit any cracks resulting from the relaxation and/or demolding of the preform.
[0031] According to the invention, a method for producing a dimensionally stable preform from a substantially powdery material, in particular metal powder, iron powder and/or ceramic powder, is proposed, the method comprising the following steps: - accommodating a powdery material within an opening of a mold; - pressing the pulverulent material into the mold, so that the pulverulent material on a first side of the mold is compressed by at least one upper die and from a second side of the mold, which is opposite the first side of the mold, by at least at least two lower dies so that the two lower dies slide into each other and are connected to a die holder, in which a pressing force from a first end of a lower die is directed along the lower die by means of a second end expanded of the lower matrix so far outwardly that, on a matrix support which is associated with the lower matrix, a force vector acting in the direction of movement of the lower matrix is not modified by the part of the lower matrix located above the die holder, and - demoulding preform from the mould.
[0032] In particular, the force vector, in an unmodified way from the lower die to the die support, can act as a compressive force during compression and can act as a friction force during demolding. Through an equalization of elasticity between the upper die and/or the lower die, the formation of cracks in the preform during its relaxation and demolding can be avoided.
[0033] In addition, this method can be applied in the case of a press that has on a first side of the mold at least one lower die, and that on a second side of the mold opposite the first side of the mold has at least two upper dies .
[0034] Preferably, a uniform relaxation of the preform to avoid stress cracking in the preform is performed by at least these two lower dies and/or upper dies.
[0035] At least these two lower matrices preferentially cause the relaxation and uniform demolding of the powdery material.
[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the first lower matrix and the second lower matrix act through approximately identical elasticities on the preform. Thereby, the preform cannot be torn by dissimilar elasticities of the dies when compressive stress is removed from the preform during relaxation of the preform. Cracks caused by relaxation and shear can be neutralized and even largely compensated for by the approximately identical elasticities of the dies.
[0037] The present invention also relates to a preform from a substantially powdery material, in which the preform is produced by means of a plurality of expanded dies as described above, in a press as described above, through a method as described above.
[0038] According to the invention, a statistically relevant group of preforms from a manufacturing batch on a press, preferably as described above or later, respectively, and/or a production method as described above or subsequently, respectively, is claimed, in which all preforms of that group are in a state of relaxation in each case without one or a plurality of strain cracks. In this way, it can be guaranteed that preforms with impeccable quality, in particular in the case of safety-relevant components, are produced. In this case, a concept is particularly used, in which the matrices are designed so that a complete physical equalization of the elasticity of the tool elements, in particular the matrices, is provided. This allows, for example, that the use of press controls or press regulators for equalizing individual dies with different degrees of strain can be at least largely dispensed with or that press regulators are preferably not needed.
[0039] Other advantageous design modalities as well as features are derived from the figures and the associated description below. The individual characteristics derived from the figures and description are merely exemplary and are not limited to the respective modality of design. Preferably, one or a plurality of features of one or a plurality of figures may be combined with other features of the above description to form other design embodiments. Therefore, the characteristics are mentioned in an exemplary and non-limiting way. In the figures:
[0040] Figure 1 shows a half-section of a tool construction for a press, according to the prior art, comprising a die underside, a mandrel and a mold;
[0041] Figure 1a shows a tool construction according to Figure 1, which has a superior die tool construction for the production of powdery preforms;
[0042] Figure 2 shows a sectional view of a tool plan according to Figure 1, composed of a matrix, a clamping plate and a pressure plate according to the prior art;
[0043] Figure 3 shows a half-section of a tool construction for a press, according to the invention, comprising an underside of the die, a mandrel and a mold;
[0044] Figure 3a shows a tool construction according to Figure 3, which has a superior die tool construction for the production of powdery preforms;
[0045] Figure 4 shows an isomeric view of a matrix according to the present invention;
[0046] Figure 5 shows a half section of a tool construction for a press, according to another embodiment of the invention, comprising an underside of the die, a mandrel and a mold;
[0047] Figure 5a shows a tool construction according to Figure 5, which has a superior die for the production of powdery preforms;
[0048] Figure 6 shows an isometric view of another embodiment of a die according to the invention, in which a plurality of multi-piece dies originates from a base piece;
[0049] Figure 7 shows a comparison between the force flow in a matrix according to the prior art and a matrix according to the present invention;
[0050] Figure 8 shows an isometric view of another exemplary embodiment of the matrix;
[0051] Figure 9 shows a view of the mutually retracted matrices with dissimilar heights that have been proposed;
[0052] Figure 10 shows a design mode of bayonet-type fasteners;
[0053] Figure 11 shows a design embodiment corresponding to the illustration in Figure 9;
[0054] Figure 12 shows an arrangement of a standard tool component on a proposed matrix support;
[0055] Figure 13 shows a sectional view through an arrangement of Figure 12;
[0056] Figure 14 shows a view of several bayonet-type fasteners at various height levels, in an adapter intended for receiving tools.
[0057] Figure 1 shows a half-section of a tool construction 10 of an underside of the die of a press, which is used for producing a preform according to the prior art, as is known from US 5,498,147, for example. The press has a rotationally symmetrical construction with five tool planes. Each tool plane comprises one of the five dies 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, one of the five pressure plates 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e, one of the five clamping plates 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e, and one of five matrix holders 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e. In addition, the press has a mold 12 and a mandrel 22. The five dies 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, in this exemplary embodiment, are illustrated as lower dies and through the first end of the same, they predominantly project to inside a mold opening 12 so as to form a compression space for the preform. By means of their second end, the five dies 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e are arranged on the pressure plates 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e. Furthermore, the five dies 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, by means of respective clamping plates 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d, 18e are secured to respective pressure plates 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e. During the production of the preform, the pressure plates 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e serve to absorb the force acting on the respective matrix 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, transmitting this absorbed force to the respective supports of matrix 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e. The die holders 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e serve to connect the spacing between the respective pressure plate 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d, 16e and an adapter plate independent of the tool. Figure 1 elucidates that, due to the increased length of tools, in particular dies 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, the critical curvature length according to Euler is quickly reached so that there are physical limits to this tool construction 10.
[0058] Figure 1a shows the tool construction 10 of figure 1. A tool construction 26 along two tool planes of the upper die is further indicated. Each tool plane comprises one of two dies 14f, 14g, two pressure plates 16f, 16g, two clamping plates 18f, 18g and two die holders 20f, 20g. As can be seen, the dies 14f, 14g are configured as upper dies and during the pressing procedure predominantly protrude through an opening within the mold 12. The opening through which the dies 14f, 14g project into the mold 12 is opposite the mold opening 12 into which the dies 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e protrude. The first ends of the dies 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e and the dies 14f, 14g together with the mold 32 form a compression space in which a preform 24 is formed from a metal force by means of pressing. Furthermore, it can be seen that the dies 14f, 14g, at their second end which is opposite the first end, are arranged on the pressure plates 16f, 16g. Furthermore, the dies 14f, 14g by means of the respective clamping plates 18f, 18g are attached to the respective pressure plates 16f, 16g. During the production of the preform 46, the pressure plates 16f, 16g serve to absorb the force acting on the respective matrix 14f, 14g, transmitting this absorbed force to the respective matrix supports 20f, 20g. The 20g, 20f die holders serve to connect the spacing between the respective 16f, 16g pressure plate and an independent adapter plate in relation to the tool.
[0059] Figure 2 shows a half section of a tool plane according to figure 1 and figure 1a. The tool plane comprises a rotationally symmetrical die 14, in which die 14 can be an upper die or a lower die, a clamp plate 18 and a pressure plate 16. The die 14 is reinforced in partial regions. Pressure stresses in matrix 14 are reduced for the same reason. This leads to reduced elasticity under load and the risk of bending. The clamp plate 18 serves to axially clamp the matrix 14 onto a pressure plate 16. A pressure plate 16 serves to absorb and transmit force.
[0060] Figure 3 shows a tool construction 30 of an underside of the die for a press, which is used for the production of dimensionally stable preforms from a substantially powdery material, in particular an iron powder and/or a ceramic powder, which has a mold 32, a mandrel 38 and five tool planes. The tool planes are composed of five dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e and five die holders 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e. The dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, in this exemplary embodiment, are illustrated as lower dies and on the longitudinal axis thereof, they have a first end that predominantly projects into a mold opening 32, and a the second end, which in each case is arranged so as to be opposite the first end, is in each case arranged directly without the aid of pressure plates and/or fixing plates on a matrix support 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e . The matrix supports 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e move in a mutually independent manner and are connected to the movable and/or rigid adapter plates of the press. It can be seen in Figure 3 that the dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e are arranged to slide into one another, and that the dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e along a portion expand to the point where the second end thereof reaches a width at least approaching an outer diameter of a die holder 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e which is associated with the second end. Furthermore, the second end has a width that covers at least an inner diameter of an associated die holder 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e. In this way, the flow of force is effected directly in the dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, from the shaping region at the first end of the mold 32 outwards, through the die supports 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, to mobile and/or rigid adapter plates or press plates. It is consciously taken into account, in this case, that the external matrices must be extended so that the internal matrices are shortened. The expansion of matrices 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e allows the risk of curvature according to Euler to be negligible. The dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e each have identical or nearly identical elasticity. Adaptation of elasticity is effected by improving the design of all tool elements on the underside of the die and/or on the upper side of the die. Furthermore, it can be seen in Figure 3 that, in the illustrated starting position of the press, a first region a, the height of which depends on the component geometry, extends from the first end of the first die 34a, and a second region b extends from the second end of the first array 34a. The second end of each of the dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34e is disposed on a plane in the second region b.
[0061] Furthermore, it can be seen in Figure 3 that the dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e in a pressing direction along the longitudinal axis c are arranged to slide into each other, and that the outer matrices radially delimit the inner matrices. The total lengths of the dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e mutually differ by < 50%, preferably < 25%, in particular < 10%, in order to enable the production of preforms with complicated shapes and many different. This also implies an increase in the height of the second region b.
[0062] Figure 3a shows the tool construction 30 of figure 3. A tool construction 52 along two tool planes of the upper die is further indicated. Each tool plane comprises one of two dies 34f, 34g and two die holders 36f, 36g. As can be seen, the dies 34f, 34g are configured as upper dies and predominantly project through an opening within the mold 32. The opening through which the dies 34f, 34g project into the mold 32 is opposite the opening of the mold 32 into which the dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e project. The first ends of the dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e and the dies 34f, 34g together with the mold 32 form a compression space whereby a preform 46 is molded from a metal powder by pressing medium. Furthermore, it can be seen that the dies 34f, 34g at the second end which is opposite the first end are also disposed on the die holders 36f, 36g. During the production of the preform 46, the matrix supports 36f, 36g serve to absorb the force acting on the respective matrix 34f, 34g, transmitting this absorbed force to an adapter plate independent of the tool.
[0063] The method for producing dimensionally stable preforms 46 from a substantially powdery material, in particular, an iron powder and/or a ceramic powder, using a press having the tool construction 30 and 52 shown in Figure 3a is executed as follows. First, a pulverulent material is accommodated within an opening of the mold 32. Then, the pulverulent material in the mold 32 is compressed on a first side of the mold by the two dies 34f, 34g, which are configured as upper dies, and compressed the starting from a second side of the mold which is opposite the first side of the mold by the five dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, which are configured as lower dies. The dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e are connected to a die holder 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e and slide into each other, in which a compressive force is directed from a first end of a matrix 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e along matrix 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e by means of a second end expanded of matrix 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e outward to the point where a force vector which is in the direction of motion of the matrix 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e acts on a matrix support 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e which is assigned to the matrix 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e , and acts in an unmodified manner from the matrix 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e on the matrix support 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e. The same occurs simultaneously on matrices 34f, 34g. The dies 34f, 34g slide into each other, in which a compressive force is directed from a first end of a die 34f, 34g along the die 34f, 34g via an expanded second end of the die 34f, 34g outward to the point where a force vector that is in the direction of motion of the matrix 34f, 34g acts on a matrix support 36f, 36g, which is assigned to the matrix 34f, 34g, and acts in a unmodified from the matrix 34f, 34g on the matrix support 36f, 36g. Preform 46 is removed from mold 32 after the pressing procedure. In this method, there is a force flow directly from the shaping region of the matrices in region a along the matrices 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f, 34g to the respective matrix supports 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f, 36g. The force that acts on the dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f, 34g and on the die supports 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f, 36g, during compression, is the compression force, and the force acting during demolding is the friction force. No cracks are created in the preforms 46 during their relaxation and demolding due to the use of this method and the press as described above. Furthermore, a uniform stretching of the preform 46 is effected by the dies 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f, 34g in the method so as to avoid stress cracking in the preform 46. In this method, the dies 34a , 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f, 34g cause a uniform compression of the powdery material, and the matrices 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f, 34g, by virtue of their numerical concept, act on the preform 46 with almost identical elasticities.
[0064] Figure 4 shows a matrix 34. The matrix 34 can be an upper matrix or a lower matrix. The die 34 is employed in the construction of the tool 30 or 52 according to figure 3 and figure 3a, respectively. The matrix 34 is configured to be rotationally symmetric. The matrix 34 expands conically and at its second end has a base piece 40. The conical expansion is carried out by means of a net-like construction that has three nets 44a, 44b, 44c. The expansion at the second end can be five times the diameter of the first end, for example. Base piece 40 is annular in shape. A fastening device comprising three quick release fasteners 42a, 42b, 42c in the form of a bayonet-type fastener is illustrated in the base piece 40. The matrix 34 is connected to a matrix support with the aid of the quick release fasteners 42a, 42b, 42c. For the same reason, machining time can be shortened as no more tools are needed for releasing and fixing the die 34 from/on the die holder. Furthermore, it is possible that the matrices 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, which are illustrated in Figure 3, are simultaneously joined as a matrix block to the respective matrix supports 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, or to simultaneously release said matrices from respective matrix supports 36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e. The transmission of force from the first end of the die 34 is carried out in an exemplary way via the networks 44a, 44b, 44c to the ring 40 and from the ring to the die support. The type of force flow is numerically designed according to the required resistance. Bionic designs can also be used in this case. Thereby, it can be ensured that all dies of a tool construction 30 have a compatible elasticity. The matrix 34 can be produced by an addition method, for example, by laser sintering methods, casting methods, by an erosive method or by a scraping method.
[0065] Figure 5 shows another embodiment of a tool construction 50 from an underside of the die for a press, which is used for the production of dimensionally stable preforms from a substantially powdery material, in particular, a iron powder and/or a ceramic powder, which has a 32 mold and three tool planes. The tool planes are composed of three dies 48a, 48b, 48c and three die holders 36a, 36b, 36c. The dies 48a, 48b, 48c, in this exemplary embodiment, are illustrated as bottom dies, each about its longitudinal geometric axis having a first end which projects into a mold opening 32, and each having a second end which is opposite the first end and which is directly disposed on a matrix support 36a, 36b, 36c without the aid of pressure plates and/or fixing plates. The matrix supports 36a, 36b, 36c move in a mutually independent manner and are connected to the movable and/or rigid adapter plates or press plates of the press. It can be seen in Figure 5 that the dies 48a, 48b, 48c are arranged to slide into each other and that the dies 48a, 48b, 48c expand from the first end to the second end, one being fitted to the other. In this way, the flow of force is carried out directly in the dies 48a, 48b, 48c, from the forming region, located at the first end of the mold 32, outwards through the matrix supports 36a, 36b, 36c to the movable adapter plates and/or rigid or press plates. In this case, it is consciously taken into account that the external matrices must be extended so that the internal matrices are shortened. Matrices 48a, 48b, 48c have identical or nearly identical elasticities. Unlike the exemplary embodiment in Figure 3, the dies 48a, 48b, 48c in the exemplary embodiment of Figure 5 are only partly radially delimiting. As a quirk, die 48c shows that three multi-piece dies can be collectively arranged on one die 48c.
[0066] Figure 5a shows the construction of tool 50 of figure 5. A matrix 48d is further indicated. As can be seen, die 48d is configured as an upper die and projects through an opening within mold 32. The opening through which die 48d projects into mold 32 is opposite the opening in mold 32 into the which arrays 48a, 48b, 48c project. The first ends of the dies 48a, 48b, 48c and the die 48d together with the mold 32 form a compression space by means of which a preform 46 of a metal powder is formed by pressing. Furthermore, it can be seen that the matrix 48d, at its second end which is opposite the first end, is not disposed on a matrix support. Instead, the force acting on die 48d during preform production can be transmitted directly to an adapter plate independent of the tool, or die 48d can be connected to accessories according to the prior art. , such as a pressure plate and a clamping plate.
[0067] Figure 6 shows the matrix 48c of figure 5 and figure 5a. The die 48c has at its first end three different multi-part dies 54a, 54b, 54c. Thus, by constructing a die according to the invention, it is possible for a plurality of individual dies, such as the multi-piece dies 54a, 54b, 54c, to be collectively arranged on the same die 48c.
[0068] Figure 7 shows the force profile 56 during the pressing procedure on a tool plane according to the invention, compared to a prior art tool plane. In figure 7, the tool plane according to the invention is illustrated on the left side, and the tool plane according to the prior art is illustrated on the right side. The force 56 extending through the tool plane is illustrated as a solid line and in each case extends from the first end of the die to the die holder. Furthermore, the direction of motion of the matrices is illustrated as an arrow F along the longitudinal axis c. In the case of a tool plane according to the invention, the force 56 extends from the first end of the die 34 along the expansion of the die 34 and, via the second end of the die 34, it is transferred directly to the matrix support 36. Due to the expansion in matrix 34, force 56 extends harmoniously and favorably from the first end of matrix 34 to matrix support 36, without the force flow being massively deflected as to its flow direction. This is elucidated, in particular, by the force vectors which are indicated by arrows in the transition between matrix 34 and matrix support 36. It can be seen in Figure 7 that force is transferred directly from matrix 34 to the su- die bearing 36. On the other hand, the force 56 in the case of the prior art extends from the first end of the die 14 through the second end of the die 14 into a pressure plate 18. Only then does the force can be transmitted from a pressure plate 18 into the matrix support 20. Furthermore, the matrix 14 is connected to a pressure plate 18 by means of a clamping plate 16. Also in this embodiment, the force vectors at the transition between die 14 and pressure plate 18, and between pressure plate 18 and die support 20, are illustrated as arrows. It can be seen that force is transmitted through die 14 into a pressure plate 18 in a linear fashion. By virtue of the alignment of the pressure plate 18, the force is diverted to a pressure plate 18 to be able to transmit the force 56 to the die holder 20. Furthermore, a pressure plate 18 has the disadvantage that the force 56 it has to be unloaded outside the matrix support 20 in the shortest axial installation space, giving a solid construction type that has a high weight.
[0069] Figure 8 shows an isometric view of another exemplary embodiment of a matrix 58. The matrix 58 has a first end and a second end. At the second end thereof, the matrix has a fastening device 60a, 60b, 60c, and the matrix 58 is expanded to the point where the expanded width thereof, at least up to a matrix support to be disposed, approaches the same. The fixture 60a, 60b, 60c is configured to have three parts. Furthermore, the expanded width of matrix 58 is a contiguous face. The matrix 58 shown in Figure 8 represents a bionically enhanced design of high rigidity.
[0070] Figure 9 shows proposed matrices, which are displaced from each other and each has a second end with various heights. In the illustrated terminal position, this causes dissimilar height levels to exist and the respective second ends do not end on a plane and are mutually offset. It is preferable that the height level increase from the inside out. This has the advantage of simpler mounting of the various matrix supports on the respective matrix base.
[0071] Figure 10 shows the matrices moving into each other, with their respective matrix bases. Bayonet-type fasteners, which have already been indicated in a sectional view in figure 9, are elucidated in this case. The bayonet-type fasteners are preferably aligned in such a way that the respective die holders of several dies can be inserted and twisted into the same position. This simplifies assembly inside the press, as the operator introduces each die holder to be held in the same position inside the press and then twists said die holder.
[0072] Figure 11 shows the matrices that derive from Figure 9 and Figure 10, and which are displaced from each other in another plan view, which to facilitate clarity, is represented by transparent lines. It is again elucidated in the same way that the individual matrices are displaceable relative to one another, and in the terminal position of this type they may have a stepped characteristic in the region of the bases of the matrix.
[0073] Figure 12 shows another embodiment of design, in which a conventional tool element in the form of a lower die is integrated with a conically expanding die construction. The connection can again be made by means of a respective lock, in particular a bayonet-type fastener. However, the assembly of the matrix can also be done by means of other fastening means.
[0074] Figure 13 shows the connection and arrangement derived from figure 12, in a sectional view. In this figure, it is more clearly elucidated that the dies are fastened to the conically expanding extension piece by means of a bayonet-type fastener, for example, or else by a blind nut.
[0075] Figure 14 shows an embodiment of designing bayonet-type fasteners at various height levels in an adapter for receiving tools. All respective bayonet-type fasteners are preferably identically aligned, which simplifies assembly.
[0076] Figure 15 shows the assembled matrix supports, which are fastened by means of bayonet-type fasteners.

权利要求:
Claims (17)
[0001]
1. Press for the production of dimensionally stable preforms (46) from a powdery material, in particular an iron powder and/or a ceramic powder, having a tool containing an upper matrix and a lower matrix, characterized in that the upper matrix and the lower matrix comprise at least one matrix (34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f, 34g, 48a, 48b, 48c, 48d, 58), in which a first matrix and a second die are jointly arranged as the upper die or the lower die so as to slide into each other, each having a first end and a second end situated opposite the first end, in which at least one of the two dies against the along a portion it expands conically to the point where the second end thereof reaches a width corresponding to an outer diameter of a die holder, which is assigned to the second end.
[0002]
2. Press according to claim 1, characterized in that the second end has a width that covers at least one internal diameter of a designated matrix support.
[0003]
3. Press according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first matrix at its second end is arranged directly on a first matrix support, and the second matrix at its second end is arranged directly on a second matrix support in each case without the interaction of a pressure plate.
[0004]
4. Press according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first die and the second die, in a pressing direction along a common longitudinal geometric axis (c) and through the second extended ends of the latter are arranged to slide into each other.
[0005]
5. Press according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first matrix and the second matrix have mutually identical or nearly identical elasticities.
[0006]
6. Press according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in an initial position of the press, a first region (a) extends from the first end of the first die, the first end of the second die being arranged in the first region (a), and/or that a second region (b) extends from the second end of the first matrix, the second end of the second matrix being disposed in the second region (b).
[0007]
7. Press according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first die and the second die expand conically and have a base part (40), in which the conical expansion is carried out through the design of the matrix in the associated region, which comprises a swivel body that is at least largely closed, a closed swivel body, a frame construction, a base construction, a web construction and/or any other construction design that expands the geometry of matrix out.
[0008]
8. Press according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, on a base piece (40) at the second end of an expanded die, a connecting device, preferably a quick-release closure (42a , 42b, 42c) for connection with a component to be connected, in particular, to a matrix support, is provided.
[0009]
9. Press according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the first matrix and the second matrix, in each expanded case, have a numerically conceived and optimized geometry for loads with mutually compatible elasticities.
[0010]
10. Press according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least three or more dies are expanded to the point where the respective second end thereof reaches a width that at least approximates an outer diameter of a matrix support, which is associated with the respective second end.
[0011]
11. Press according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one upper die and one lower die are expanded to the point where the respective second end thereof reaches a width that at least approximates a diameter external of a matrix support, which is associated with its second end.
[0012]
12. Die for a press as defined in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the die (34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f, 34g, 48a, 48b, 48c, 48d, 58) in its second end has a fastening device disposed, which is expanded until the expanded width thereof at least approaches at least an outer diameter of a die holder (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f, 36g) to be arranged at the second end.
[0013]
13. Matrix according to claim 12, characterized in that a matrix support (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e, 36f, 36g) is releasably arranged on the fixing device.
[0014]
14. Matrix according to any one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the matrix (34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 34f, 34g, 48a, 48b, 48c, 48d, 58) in its first end ends in dies with at least two parts (54a, 54b, 54c).
[0015]
15. Method for producing a dimensionally stable preform (46) from a powdery material, in particular an iron powder and/or a ceramic powder, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - accommodate a pulverulent material within a mold opening (32); - pressing the pulverulent material in the mold (32) so that the pulverulent material on a first side of the mold is compressed by at least one upper die (34f, 34g, 48d) and from a second side of the mold, which is opposite the first side of the mold by at least two lower dies (34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 48a, 48b, 48c), in which the two lower dies (34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d) , 34e, 48a, 48b, 48c) slide into each other and are respectively connected to a matrix support (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e), with at least one of the two lower matrices (34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 48a, 48b, 48c) is dispersed in a cone shape along a segment of such length that its second end has a length corresponding to a matrix support (36a, 36b, 36c , 36d, 36e) belonging to the second end; in which a pressing force from a first end of a lower die (34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 48a, 48b, 48c) is directed along the lower die (34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d , 34e, 48a, 48b, 48c) by means of an expanded second end of the lower die (34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 48a, 48b, 48c) so far outwardly that over a die support (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e), which is associated with the lower matrix (34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 48a, 48b, 48c), a force vector acting in the direction of movement of the lower matrix do not undergo modification by the lower die (34, 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d, 34e, 48a, 48b, 48c) on the die support (36a, 36b, 36c, 36d, 36e), and - remove preform (46) of the mold (32).
[0016]
16. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that a uniform relaxation of the preform (46) to prevent stress cracking in the preform (46) is effected by at least these two lower dies and/or dies superiors.
[0017]
17. Method according to any one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that the first lower matrix and the second lower matrix act through identical elasticities on the preform (46).

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DE102015012004A1|2015-09-18|2017-03-23|Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh|Sintering press with axially controlled deformation and method therefor|

DE102016205147A1|2016-03-29|2017-10-05|Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems|Machining tool and method for its production by means of a generative layering process|

JP6796433B2|2016-08-18|2020-12-09|株式会社ダイヤメット|Molding mold, molding method|

DE102017114455B3|2017-06-29|2018-10-31|Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh|Plane plate of a press tool|

DE102017114456B4|2017-06-29|2019-08-08|Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh|Plane plate of a press tool|

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DE102017114457B4|2017-06-29|2019-08-08|Gkn Sinter Metals Engineering Gmbh|Plane plate of a press tool|

EP3530448A1|2018-02-26|2019-08-28|Osterwalder AG|Pressing device for a powder press and a tool changing system|

法律状态:
2019-08-13| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

2021-02-09| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|

2021-06-22| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

2021-07-20| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|

2021-08-03| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]|

2021-08-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 18/03/2015, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

DE102014003726.6|2014-03-18|

DE102014003726.6A|DE102014003726A1|2014-03-18|2014-03-18|Press for producing dimensionally stable green compacts and method for manufacturing|

PCT/EP2015/055719|WO2015140228A1|2014-03-18|2015-03-18|Press for producing dimensionally stable preforms and production process|

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