• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    COMPLEX OF PLANTS FOR STEEL PRODUCTION AND METHOD TO OPERATE THE COMPLEX OF PLANTS ?. The invention relates to a complex of steelmaking plants comprising a blast furnace (1) to produce acid pig iron, a steel converting plant (2) to produce crude steel and a gas-to-gas conduction system that occur in the production of acid pig iron and / or in the production of crude steel. According to the invention, the plant complex additionally has a chemical plant (12) or a biotechnological plant, connected to the gas conduction system, and also an energy storage (25) to cover at least part of the complex's electricity demand. of power plants. Furthermore, the subject of the invention is a method for operating the plant complex.
    公开号:BR112016012900B1
    申请号:R112016012900-8
    申请日:2014-12-11
    公开日:2021-02-23
    发明作者:Reinhold Achatz；Jens Wagner；Markus Oles；Peter Schmöle；Ralph Kleinschmidt；Christoph Meißner；Niels Bredemeyer；Johannes Völkl
    申请人:Thyssenkrupp Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [001] The invention relates to a steelmaking complex and a method for operating the steelmaking complex.
    [002] The steelmaking plant complex comprises at least one blast furnace to produce acid pig iron, a steel converting plant to produce crude steel and a gas conduction system for gases that occur in the production of iron- pig iron and / or in the production of crude steel. The power plant complex may also have a power generation plant for electricity generation, which is designed as a gas turbine power plant or gas turbine or steam turbine power plant and is operated with a gas that comprises at least a partial amount of the top gas in the blast furnace that occurs in the production of acid pig iron in the blast furnace and / or a partial amount of the converter gas that occurs in the steel converting plant.
    [003] Acid pig iron is obtained in the blast furnace from iron ores, additives and also coke, and other reducing agents such as coal, oil, gas, biomass, recycled plastic waste or other substances that contain carbon and / or hydrogen. CO, CO2, hydrogen and water vapor inevitably occur as products of the reduction reactions. In addition to the aforementioned constituents, a blast furnace top gas extracted from the blast furnace process often has a high nitrogen content. The amount of gas and the composition of the top gas in the blast furnace are dependent on the raw material and the operating mode, and fluctuate. Typically, however, the blast furnace top gas contains 35 to 60% by volume of N2, 20 to 30% by volume of CO, 20 to 30% by volume of CO2 and 2 to 15% by volume of H2. Around 30 to 40% of the top blast furnace gas produced in the production of acid pig iron is generally used to heat hot air for the blast furnace process in air heaters; the remaining amount of top gas can be used externally in other areas of the plants for heating purposes or to produce electricity.
    [004] At the steel converting plant, which is disposed downstream of the blast furnace process, acid pig iron is converted into crude steel. By blowing oxygen onto the liquid acid pig iron, harmful impurities such as carbon, silicon, sulfur and phosphorus are removed. Since oxidation processes cause intense heat development, scrap is often added in quantities of up to 25% compared to acid pig iron as a refrigerant. In addition, quicklime is added to form slag and a binding agent. A converter gas that has a high CO content and also contains nitrogen, hydrogen and CO2 is extracted from the steel converter. A typical converter gas composition has 50 to 70% by volume of CO, 10 to 20% by volume of N2, about 15% by volume of CO2 and about 2% by volume of H2. Converter gas is flared or, in the case of modern steel plants, captured and refined to be used for energy supply.
    [005] The plant complex can optionally be operated in combination with a coking plant. In this case, the complex of plants described above further comprises a coke plant, in which the coal is converted into coke by a coking process. When cooking coal to form coke, a coke oven gas occurs, which contains a high hydrogen content and considerable amounts of CH4. Typically, the coke oven gas contains 55 to 70% by volume of H2, 20 to 30% by volume of CH4, about 10% by volume of N2 and 5 to 10% by volume of CO. In addition, the coke oven gas has fractions of CO2, NH3 and H2S. In practice, coke oven gas is used in various areas of the plants for heating purposes and in the process of generating energy for generating electricity. In addition, it is known to use coke oven gas together with top gas from the blast furnace or with converter gas to produce synthesis gases. According to a method known from WO 2010/136313 A1, the coke oven gas is separated into a gas stream rich in hydrogen and a stream of residual gas containing CH4 and CO, in which the stream of residual gas and it is fed in the blast furnace process and the hydrogen-rich gas stream is mixed with top blast furnace gas and further processed to form a synthesis gas. It is known from EP 0 200 880 A2 the mixture of converter gas and coke oven gas and the use of them as a synthesis gas for the synthesis of methanol.
    [006] In an integrated metallurgical plant that is operated in combination with a coking plant, approximately 40 to 50% of the raw gases that occur as top gas in the blast furnace, converter gas and coke oven gas are used for process Chemical engineering. Approximately 50 to 60% of the gases produced are fed into a power generation plant and used to generate electricity. The electricity produced at the power generation plant meets the electricity demand for the production of acid pig iron and crude steel. Ideally, the energy balance is closed, so that, in addition to iron and carbon ores in the form of coal and coke as energy sources, no additional energy input is required and, in addition to crude steel and slag, no product leaves the power plant complex.
    [007] Against this background, the invention is based on the objective of further improving the economics of the process as a whole and providing a complex of plants with which it is possible to reduce costs for steel production. Efforts are also made to reduce CO2 emissions in the production of crude steel.
    [008] Proceeding from a steelmaking complex comprising a blast furnace to produce acid pig iron, a steel converting plant to produce crude steel and a gas conduction system for gases occurring in the production of acid pig iron and / or in the production of crude steel, according to the invention, the plant complex additionally has a chemical plant or biotechnological plant, connected to the gas conduction system, and also an energy storage to cover at least part of the electricity demand at the power plant complex. Advantageous adjustments to the plant complex according to the invention are described in patent claims 2 to 4.
    [009] Furthermore, the subject of the invention is a method, as defined in claim 5, for operating a steelmaking plant complex that has at least one blast furnace to produce acid pig iron, a steel converting plant and a chemical plant or biotechnological plant. According to the method according to the invention, initially a partial amount of a blast furnace top gas that occurs in the production of acid pig iron in the blast furnace and / or a partial amount of a converter gas that occurs in crude steel production it is used after a gas conditioning operation as a gas useful for producing chemicals or it is fed after a gas conditioning operation at the biotechnology plant and used for biochemical processes. In order to cover at least part of the plant complex's electricity demand, energy storage is provided. The energy storage is powered by electricity that has been produced at least partially from renewable energy and the stored energy is emitted again at a later time for electrical charges in the plant complex.
    [010] The supply of electricity from renewable energy, for example, from solar plants or wind turbine generator plants, is subject to fluctuations over time. At times when electricity from renewable energy is obtainable in a sufficient quantity and at favorable prices, energy storage is charged, so that when there is a deficiency in electricity supply and at times of high electricity prices, Enough electricity can be drawn from energy storage to operate the plant complex. The integration of energy storage in the plant complex makes it possible to have consistent production of acid pig iron and crude steel and also continuous operation of the chemical plant or biotechnological plant which is operated in combination with plants to produce acid pig iron and produce crude steel . It can be ensured by the plant complex according to the invention that a substantially uniform gas flow, which occurs in the production of acid pig iron and / or in the production of crude steel, is available to the chemical plant or the biotechnological plant as a food. In comparison with the prior art explained in principle, in which 50 to 60% of the raw gases that occur as top gas in the blast furnace, the converter gas and possibly coke oven gas is used in a power generation plant for electricity generation, in which the CO2 emission can be reduced by the method, as defined in the invention, if the gases are not burned, but are converted into higher value products by chemical reactions or biochemical processes. The ecological benefit is that all electricity from renewable energy is used to power energy storage and to supply electrical loads. As a result, the invention is also based on the fact that the efficiency of a chemical plant in which the gases that occur in the production of acid pig iron and / or in the production of crude steel are converted into chemicals is much higher than the efficiency of a power generation process in which raw gases are used to generate electricity.
    [011] A power generation plant to supply electricity to the plant complex can be used as an alternate power generation plant, in order to ensure that an electricity supply to the plant complex when the chemical plant or power plant biotechnology is not in operation or the stored energy is not enough to operate the production plants to produce acid pig iron and produce crude steel with the desired output.
    [012] In the chemical plant, chemicals can be produced from synthesis gases that contain the components of the final product respectively. The chemicals can be, for example, ammonia or methanol or other hydrocarbon compounds.
    [013] To produce ammonia, a synthesis gas that contains nitrogen and hydrogen in the correct ratio needs to be supplied. Nitrogen can be obtained from top gas in the blast furnace. The blast furnace top gas or converter gas can be used as the hydrogen source, where hydrogen is produced by converting the CO fraction by a water-gas displacement reaction (CO + H2O CO2 + H2) . To produce hydrocarbon compounds, for example, methanol, it is necessary to provide a synthesis gas that consists substantially of CO and / or carbon dioxide and H2 that contains the components carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the correct ratio. The reason is often described by the module (H2 - CO2) / (CO + CO2). Hydrogen can be produced, for example, by converting the fraction of CO into the top gas in the blast furnace by a water-gas displacement reaction. Converter gas can be used to supply CO. The blast furnace top gas and / or converter gas can serve as CO2 sources.
    [014] In the case of the concepts described above, however, the C content or the N content of the mixed gas cannot be used completely, since there is a hydrogen deficit. In order to have the ability to use the C or N content of the gases that occur in the production of acid pig iron and / or in the production of crude steel completely for the production of chemicals, according to a further refinement of the method according to the invention, the hydrogen that is formed in a plant to produce hydrogen is measured. The production of hydrogen occurs preferably by electrolysis of water, being possible that the electrolysis of water is operated with electrical energy from regenerative sources. Preferably, the electrolysis plant is electrically connected to the energy storage and at least part of the electrical energy required for water electrolysis is taken from the energy storage. Oxygen is also produced in water electrolysis and can be used in the blast furnace to produce acid pig iron and / or in the steel converting plant to produce crude steel.
    [015] Within the scope of the invention, a biotechnological plant can also be used instead of a chemical plant to produce products from synthesis gas. The plant in question is a plant for the synthesis gas fermentation. Synthesis gas is used biochemically through a fermentation process, making it possible to produce products such as alcohols (ethanol, butanol), acetone or organic acids. These products, which are produced by fermentation of synthesis gas, are only mentioned by way of example in the present case.
    [016] The plant complex may additionally have a coke plant. If the production of acid pig iron and the production of crude steel are operated in combination with a coking plant, a partial amount of the top gas in the blast furnace that occurs in the production of acid pig iron and / or a partial amount of the converter gas that occurs in the steel converter plant can be mixed with a partial amount of the coke oven gas that occurs in a coke plant and the mixed gas can be used as a useful gas. A mixture of coke oven gas and blast furnace top gas or a mixed gas comprising coke oven gas, converter gas and blast furnace top gas can be used as a useful gas to produce a synthesis gas, for example example, for ammonia synthesis. A mixed gas comprising coke oven gas and converter gas or a mixed gas comprising coke oven gas, converter gas and blast furnace top gas is suitable for producing hydrocarbon compounds. The described chemicals that can be produced in a chemical plant from top blast furnace gas, converter gas and coke oven gas are just application examples to explain the variations in the method that are described in the patent claims.
    [017] The crude gases - coke oven gas, converter gas and / or top gas from the blast furnace - can be conditioned individually or in combinations as a mixed gas and then fed into the chemical plant as synthesis gas. Conditioning of coke oven gas, in particular, comprises cleaning the gas to separate problematic contents, in particular tar, sulfur and sulfur compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons (BTX) and high boiling hydrocarbons. A gas conditioning operation is also necessary to produce the synthesis gas. In the course of gas conditioning, the proportion of the CO, CO2 and H2 components within the crude gas is changed. The gas conditioning comprises, for example, adsorption with pressure oscillation to separate and enrich H2 and / or a water-gas displacement reaction to convert CO into hydrogen and / or a steam reformer to convert the fraction of CH4 to CO and hydrogen in the coke oven gas.
    [018] The energy storage can be operated on an electrical network with a power generation plant that is designed as a gas turbine generation plant or steam turbine and gas turbine electricity generation plant, and, for electricity generation purposes, it is operated with top gas from the blast furnace, converter gas or coke oven gas or a mixed gas formed from at least two of these gaseous components. The power generation plant and the chemical or biotechnological plant are arranged in parallel with respect to the gas supply. The gas streams fed, on the one hand, in the power generation plant and, on the other hand, in the chemical or biotechnological plant are controllable.
    [019] The invention also encompasses the use of an electrochemical or chemical energy storage for integration into a steelmaking complex, as defined in claim 12.
    [020] The invention is explained below based on a drawing that represents merely an exemplary modality. Schematically,
    [021] Figure 1 shows a considerably simplified block diagram of a steelmaking complex comprising a blast furnace to produce acid pig iron, a steel converting plant to produce crude steel, a coke plant for produce coke, energy storage, a power generation plant and a chemical plant,
    [022] Figure 2 shows the considerably simplified block diagram of a plant complex that has, in addition to the plant components represented in Figure 1, a plant to produce hydrogen.
    [023] The steelmaking plant complex that is depicted in Figure 1 comprises a blast furnace 1 to produce acid pig iron, a steel converting plant 2 to produce crude steel and, optionally, a coke plant 17 for produce coke 19 which is required to produce acid pig iron. A power generation plant 3 can also be supplied, designed as a gas turbine power generation plant or a steam turbine and gas turbine electricity generation plant and operated with a gas that occurs in the production of iron - acid pig iron, the production of crude steel and / or in the coke plant. A gas conduction system is provided to transport the gases.
    [024] In blast furnace 1, acid pig iron 6 is obtained substantially from iron ore 4 and reducing agents 5, in particular coke and coal. The reduction reactions cause the production of a top gas from the blast furnace 7, which contains nitrogen, CO, CO2 and H2 as the main constituents. At steel converting plant 2, which is disposed downstream of the blast furnace process, acid pig iron 6 is converted into crude steel 8. Through the blowing of oxygen over liquid acid pig iron, problematic impurities, in particular , carbon, silicon and phosphorus, are removed. For cooling, the scrap can be added in quantities of up to 25% in relation to the amount of acid pig iron. In addition, quicklime is added to form slag and a binding agent. At the top of the converter, a converter gas 9 that has a very high proportion of CO is extracted. If the plant complex additionally comprises a coke oven 17, a coke oven gas 20, which contains a high proportion of hydrogen and CH4, also occurs as a result of coking coal 18 in coke 19. Parts of the coke oven 20 may be used for heating air heaters in the blast furnace 1.
    [025] According to the general balance represented in Figure 1, carbon is fed into the plant complex as a reducing agent 5 in the form of coal and coke and also iron ore 4. Occurring as products are crude steel 8 and crude gases 7, 9, which differ in quantity, composition, calorific value and purity and are used again at various points in the plant complex. In general, 40 to 50%, usual and approximately 45%, of crude gases 7, 9 are returned back to the metallurgical process to produce acid pig iron or to produce crude steel. Between 50 and 60%, usual and approximately 55%, of the raw gases 7, 9 is fed to chemical plant 12 or can be used to operate power plant 3. Instead of chemical plant 12, a biotechnological plant also can be provided.
    [026] The chemical plant 12 or biotechnological plant is connected to the gas conduction system and is arranged in parallel with the power generation plant 3 in relation to the gas supply. The gas conduction system has an operationally controllable gas shunt 13 for dividing the gas streams that are fed into the power generation plant 3 and the chemical plant 12 or biotechnological plant 11. Supplied upstream of the gas shunt 13 in the direction A flow device 14 is used to produce a mixed gas 11 consisting of top gas from the blast furnace 7, converter gas 9 and / or coke oven gas 20.
    [027] In the case of the plant complex represented in Figure 1, at least a partial amount of the crude gas that occurs in the plant complex as top gas from the blast furnace, converter gas and possibly coke oven gas is used after a gas conditioning operation as a useful gas to produce chemicals. Externally obtained electricity 15, which is at least partially obtained from renewable energy and originates, for example, from wind turbine generator plants, solar plants, hydroelectric power generation plants and the like, is used to cover electricity demand of the power plant complex. In addition, the electricity generation plant 16 can be used.
    [028] The plant complex comprises an energy store 25. The energy store is powered by electricity 26 which was produced at least partially from renewable energy and the stored energy is emitted again at a time after the complex's electrical loads of power plants. Energy storage 25 is also operated on an electrical network with the power generation plant 3. To achieve the continuous operation of the plants to produce acid pig iron and to produce crude steel and chemical plant 12, mixed gas must be continuously available as a feed for the chemical plant 12. So that, adversely, the plant complex always has the amount of electricity required to produce acid pig iron and produce available crude steel, in times of low electricity prices and sufficient availability of renewable energy , electrical energy is stored in energy storage 25. If renewable energy is not available externally in sufficient quantity at acceptable prices, the required electricity is withdrawn from energy storage 25. The plant complex with the inclusion of the generation plant of power 3 is designed in such a way that the power generation plant 3 can be used in standby mode and at least in certain m oments to be turned off. Power generation plant 3 is used at any time when chemical plant 12 is out of operation or the stored energy is not sufficient to guarantee the operation of the plant complex. In this case, the plant complex is at least partially operated with the electricity generation plant 16. This prevents the chemical plant 12 from having to be operated in partial or reduced load mode exactly at its output. Energy storage 25 is formed as an electrochemical or chemical storage. The same applies correspondingly if a biotechnology plant is used instead of the chemical plant 12.
    [029] In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 2, the plant complex additionally comprises a plant 21 to produce hydrogen, which is connected to the gas conduction system by a hydrogen transport line 22. Plant 21 to produce hydrogen can be, in particular, an electrolysis plant for the electrolysis of water. A water electrolysis uses energy intensively to operate. At least part of the electrical energy required for water electrolysis is taken from energy storage 25. In addition, external electricity 26, which preferably originates from regenerative sources, can be used. The hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water is fed to the chemical plant 12 together with the gas useful as synthesis gas. This allows the capacity of chemical plant 12 to be increased significantly. The same applies correspondingly if a biotechnology plant is supplied instead of the chemical plant 12.
    [030] The blast furnace top gas 7, converter gas 9 and coke oven gas 20 can be combined with each other in any desired manner. The combination of gas streams 7, 9, 20 depends on the desired synthesis gas or the product that must be produced in chemical plant 12 or in the biotechnological plant from synthesis gas.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    1. Steelmaking plant complex comprising a blast furnace (1) to produce acid pig iron, a steel converting plant (2) to produce crude steel, and a gas conduction system for gases occurring in the production of acid pig iron and / or in the production of crude steel, characterized by the fact that the plant complex additionally has a chemical plant (12) or a biotechnological plant, connected to the gas conduction system, and also an energy storage (25) to cover at least part of the electricity demand at the power plant complex.
    [0002]
    Plant complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy storage (25) is formed as a chemical or electrochemical storage.
    [0003]
    3. Plant complex according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the plant complex additionally has an electrolysis plant (21) for water electrolysis, in which the electrolysis plant (21) is connected to the chemical plant (12) by a hydrogen line (22) and is connected to the blast furnace (1) and / or a plant to produce crude steel or to treat crude steel by means of an oxygen return device (24), and, in that, for the purpose of supplying electricity to the electrolysis plant (21), the energy storage (25) is electrically connected to it.
    [0004]
    Plant complex according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the plant complex additionally comprises a power generation plant (3) which is designed as a gas turbine power generation plant or a gas turbine or steam turbine power generation plant and is operated with a gas that comprises at least a partial amount of the top gas in the blast furnace that occurs in the production of acid pig iron in the blast furnace (1 ) and / or a partial amount of the converter gas that occurs in the steel converter plant (2), and in which the gas conduction system has a switchable gas tap (13) to divide the gas streams that are fed into the power generation plant (3) and chemical plant (12).
    [0005]
    5. Method for operating a steelmaking complex characterized by comprising at least one blast furnace (1) to produce acid pig iron, a steel converting plant (2), a chemical plant (12) or a plant biotechnology and also energy storage (25) to cover at least part of the electricity demand of the plant complex, 1. at least a partial amount of a blast furnace top gas that occurs in the production of acid pig iron in the blast furnace (1) and / or a partial amount of a converter gas that occurs in the production of crude steel that is used after a gas conditioning operation as a gas useful for producing chemicals or that is fed after a conditioning of gas in the biotechnological plant and used for biochemical processes, 2. the storage of energy (25) which is fed with electricity (26) which has been produced at least partially from renewable energy and the stored energy is emitted again in a later time for electrical charges of the plant complex.
    [0006]
    6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the useful gas is enriched with hydrogen, which is preferably produced in an electrolysis plant (21) by water electrolysis, and in which at least part of the electrical energy necessary for the electrolysis of water is removed from the energy storage (25).
    [0007]
    7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the oxygen that occurs in water electrolysis (21) is used in the blast furnace (1) to produce acid pig iron and / or be used in the steel converting plant ( 2) to produce crude steel or to treat crude steel.
    [0008]
    Method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized by 5% to 60% of the amount of gas that occurs as top gas in the blast furnace (7) in the production of acid pig iron and as converter (9) at the steel converting plant (2) to be fed at the chemical plant (12) and used to produce valuable chemicals.
    [0009]
    Method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the coke oven gas is mixed by addition with the useful gas.
    [0010]
    Method according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the energy storage (25) is operated on an electrical network with a power generation plant (3) which is designed as an electricity generation plant gas turbine or steam turbine and gas turbine electricity generation plant and for the purposes of electricity generation to be operated with blast furnace top gas, converter gas or coke oven gas or a mixed gas formed at from at least two of these gaseous components, in which the power generation plant (3) and the chemical plant (12) or biotechnological plant are arranged in parallel with respect to the gas supply and in which the gas streams that are fed in the power generation plant (3) and in the chemical plant (12) they are controlled.
    [0011]
    11. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the power generation plant (3) is used in standby mode and, at certain times, is switched off.
    [0012]
    12. Use of an electrochemical or chemical energy storage (25) characterized by serving for the integration in a complex of plants for the production of steel, which comprises at least one blast furnace (1) to produce acid pig iron, a steel converting plant (2) to produce crude steel and a chemical plant (12) or biotechnology plant fed with the blast furnace top gas and / or converter gas.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    2019-07-30| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-02-23| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 11/12/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102013113950.7|2013-12-12|
    DE102013113950.7A|DE102013113950A1|2013-12-12|2013-12-12|Plant network for steelmaking and process for operating the plant network|
    PCT/EP2014/003318|WO2015086152A1|2013-12-12|2014-12-11|Combined system for producing steel and method for operating the combined system|
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