• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    method of forming a suspended conductor that has a lower operating temperature and method of pre-treating the outer surface of an uninsulated conductor for deposition of a surface coating. The present invention relates to a surface-modified suspended conductor with a coating that allows the conductor to operate at lower temperatures. the coating contains about 5% to about 30% of an inorganic adhesive, about 45% to about 92% of a filler material, about 2% to about 20% of one or more emissivity agents and about 1% to about 5% of a stabilizer.
    公开号:BR112016007986B1
    申请号:R112016007986-8
    申请日:2013-11-14
    公开日:2021-06-15
    发明作者:Vijay Mhetar；Cody R. Davis；Sathish K. Ranganathan；John OLVER；John Dillard
    申请人:Emisshield, Inc.；General Cable Technologies Corporation；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of Invention
    [001] The present invention relates to a surface-modified suspended conductor with a coating that allows the conductor to operate at lower temperatures. Background of the Invention
    [002] As the need for electricity continues to grow, the need for transmission and distribution lines with greater capacity grows accordingly. The amount of energy that a transmission line can deliver is dependent on the current-carrying capacity (ampacity) of the line. The ampacity of a line is limited by the maximum safe operating temperature of the uninsulated conductor carrying the current. Exceeding this temperature could result in damage to the conductor or line accessories. Furthermore, the conductor is heated by ohmic losses and solar heat and is cooled by conduction, convection and radiation. The amount of heat generated due to ohmic losses depends on the current (I) that passes through it and its electrical resistance (R) by the relationship ohmic losses=I2R. The electrical resistance (R) itself is temperature dependent. The greater current and temperature lead to greater electrical resistance, which in turn leads to greater electrical losses in the conductor.
    [003] Several solutions have been proposed in the art. WO 2007/034248 to Simic describes suspended conductors coated with a spectrally selective surface coating. The coating has a heat emission coefficient (E) greater than 0.7 and solar absorption coefficient (A) which is less than 0.3. Simic also requires the surface to be white in color to have low solar absorption.
    [004] DE 3824608 describes a suspended cable having a black ink coating with an emissivity greater than 0.6, preferably greater than 0.9. The ink is made of a plastic (eg polyurethane) and black pigment.
    [005] The document FR 2971617 describes an electrical conductor coated with a polymeric layer whose emissivity coefficient is 0.7 or more and solar absorption coefficient is 0.3 or less. The polymer layer is produced from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and a white pigment additive.
    [006] Both FR 2971617 and WO 2007/034248 require white coatings which are undesirable due to gloss and discoloration over time. Both DE 3824608 and FR 2971617 require polymeric coatings which are undesirable due to their questionable heat and moisture aging characteristics.
    [007] The document US 20120074122 Al discloses the application of coatings with high emissivity, such as those found in documents US 7105047 and US 6921431, on or adjacent to heating elements inside an oven to modify the radiating heat. Those applications and patents are incorporated herein by reference.
    [008] Therefore, there continues to be a need for a durable, inorganic, non-white coating for suspended conductors that allows the conductors to operate at reduced temperatures. Invention Summary
    [009] The temperature of the conductor is dependent on several factors including the electrical properties of the conductor, the physical properties of the conductor and local weather conditions. One way in which the conductor will increase in temperature is by absorbing heat from the sun due to solar radiation. The amount of heat absorbed is dependent on the surface of the conductor, that is, the coefficient of absorptivity of the surface ("absorbtivity"). A low absorptivity indicates that the conductor only absorbs a small amount of heat due to solar radiation.
    [0010] One way for the conductor to reduce the temperature is by emitting heat through radiation. The amount of radiated heat is dependent on the emissivity coefficient of the conductor surface ("emissivity"). High emissivity indicates that the conductor is radiating more heat than a conductor with low emissivity.
    [0011] Consequently, it is an object of the present invention to provide a suspended conductor that contains an emissivity agent, when tested in accordance with ANSI CI 19.4-2004, reduces the operating temperature of the conductor compared to the temperature of the same conductor without the agent of emissivity. The emissivity agent can be incorporated directly into the conductor or coated onto the conductor. Preferably, the operating temperature is reduced by at least 5°C.
    [0012] The suspended conductor, according to various embodiments of the present invention, has its surface exposed to the environment coated with a layer consisting of a coating with high emissivity, such as those available from Emisshield, Inc. (Blacksburg, VA), disposed on the exposed surface which alters the performance of the conductor surface. The coating layer contains about 5% to about 30% of an inorganic adhesive, about 45% to about 92% of a filler material, about 2% to about 20% of one or more emissivity agents and, optionally, about 1% to about 5% of a stabilizer. The coating provides superior adhesion and flexibility to the conductor, such that it is able to resist peeling and breakage during repeated bending of the cable.
    [0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conductor coating layer contains, by dry weight, about 10% to about 25% sodium silicate, about 55% to about 75% SiO2 powder dry, about 10% to about 25% B4C, optionally about 0.5% to about 5.0% boron nitride dry weight, and about 0.5% to about 2% boron nitride powder. bentonite. The dry composition can be prepared as a wet mix by adding about 20% to about 40% deionized water on a wet basis.
    [0014] In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coating used contains, as a percentage of dry weight, about 13% to about 15% sodium silicate, about 69% SiO2 dry powder, about 14 % to about 16% boron carbide and about 1.0% to about 1.5% bentonite powder. That dry composition can be prepared as a wet aqueous mixture having about 36% to about 38% deionized water on a wet basis.
    [0015] In another more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coating used contains, as a percentage of dry weight, about 13% to about 15% of sodium silicate, about 69% of SiO2 dry powder, about 13 % to about 15% dry weight boron carbide, about 1.0% to about 2.0% dry weight boron nitride, and about 1.0% to about 1.5% powder of bentonite. That dry composition can be prepared as a wet aqueous mixture having about 36% to about 38% deionized water on a wet basis.
    [0016] Yet another object of the present invention provides methods for coating a suspended conductor with an inorganic, flexible coating that reduces the operating temperature of the conductor compared to the temperature of the same conductor without the heat radiating agent. Brief Description of Drawings
    [0017] A fuller appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conductor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conductor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a conductor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a conductor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a drawing showing the test arrangement for measuring the temperature of metal substrates for a given applied current; Figure 6 is a drawing showing a continuous process of the present invention; Figure 7 is a drawing showing a cross section of the flooded matrix; Figure 8 is a drawing showing a plan view of the flooded matrix and; Figure 9 is a drawing showing a sectional view of the flooded matrix. Detailed Description of Preferred Modalities
    [0018] The present invention provides a suspended conductor that contains an outer coating which, when tested in accordance with ANSI CI 19.4-2004, reduces the operating temperature of the conductor compared to the temperature of the same conductor without the heat radiating agent. The heat radiating agent can be incorporated directly into the conductor or coated onto the conductor. Preferably, the operating temperature is reduced by at least 5°C.
    [0019] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an uninsulated conductor suspended with a surface coating to lower the operating temperature of the conductor without significant change in any electrical or mechanical properties, such as electrical resistance, resistance to heat aging, corona, elongation at break, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, for example. The coating layer of the present invention contains about 5% to about 30%, preferably about 13% to about 15%, of an inorganic adhesive, about 45% to about 92%, preferably about 68% to about 69%, of a filler, about 2% to about 20%, preferably about 14% to about 17%, of one or more emissivity agents, and optionally, about 1% to about 5%, preferably about 1% to about 1.5%, of a stabilizer. Once coated onto a conductor and dried, the coating layer is preferably less than 200 microns, more preferably less than 100 microns, most preferably less than 30 microns. But in any case the thickness is at least 5 microns. Coatings produced in accordance with the present invention are preferably non-white. Coatings suitable for the present invention are available from Emisshield, Inc. (Blacksburg, VA).
    [0020] As used herein, all percentages (%) are percent by weight/weight, also expressed as % by weight/weight, % (w/w), w/w, w/w % or simply % , unless otherwise indicated. Likewise, as used herein, the terms "wet mix" refers to the relative percentages of the thermal protection coating composition in solution and "dry mix" refers to the relative percentages of the thermal protection coating dry mix composition before adding water. In other words, dry mix percentages are those present without considering water. Wet mixing refers to mixing in solution (with water). "Wet weight percent" is the weight in a wet mix, and "dry weight percent" is the weight in a dry mix independent of wet weight percentages. All percentages mentioned herein are based on dry weight of total composition, unless otherwise noted.
    [0021] The inorganic adhesive is preferably an alkali metal/alkaline earth silicate, which includes, among others, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, lithium silicate, calcium silicate and magnesium silicate. The preferred inorganic adhesive is sodium silicate.
    [0022] The filler material is preferably a metal oxide, which includes, among others, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and boron oxide. The preferred filler material is silicon dioxide.
    [0023] The emissivity agent includes, among others, carbon tetraboride (boron carbide), boron nitride, silicon tetraboride, silicon carbide, molybdenum disilicide, zirconium diboride, cupric chromide, and metal oxides, such as iron oxides, magnesium oxides, manganese oxides, copper and chromium oxides and chromium oxides and derivatives thereof. The preferred emissivity agent is boron carbide and/or boron nitride.
    [0024] The stabilizer includes, among others, bentonite, kaolin, magnesium clay and alumina and silica and stabilized zirconium oxide. Other granulated clay stabilizers can be substituted here as a stabilizer. The preferred stabilizer is bentonite.
    [0025] The term "total solids" refers to the sum of silica and alkali. The weight ratio is the most important silicate variable. The reason determines the solubility, reactivity and physical properties of the product. The ratio is the weight or molar ratio of silica to alkali. Density is an expression of total solids and is typically determined using a hydrometer. As temperatures increase, density decreases. When the solids content increases, the density increases. pH is a function of silicate composition and solids concentration. The pH value of silicates does not truly reflect the alkaline content of the solution, due to the strong buffering capacity of silica. This means that the pH of a silicate solution is kept constant until almost completely neutralized. The buffering capacity of silicate solutions increases with increasing silica to alkali ratio.
    [0026] Emissivity agents are available from various sources. Emissivity is the relative energy of a surface to emit heat by radiation and the ratio of the radiant energy emitted by a surface to the radiant energy emitted by a blackbody at the same temperature. Emittance is the energy radiated by the surface of a body per unit area.
    [0027] Preferably, the stabilizer is bentonite powder, tabular alumina or magnesium alumina silica clay. Bentonite powder allows the present invention to be prepared and used at a later date. The preparations of the present invention without bentonite powder should be used immediately. Bentonite is available, for example, from the American Colloid Company (Hoffman Estates, IL) as Polargel®.
    [0028] One or more colorants may be used in the coating composition, preferably at a concentration of about 0.02 to 0.2% (by weight of the total dry composition). The colorant can be organic or inorganic pigments, which include, among others, titanium dioxide, rutile, titanium, anatin, brookite, cadmium yellow, cadmium red, cadmium green, cobalt orange, cobalt blue, cerulean blue, aureolin, cobalt yellow, copper pigments, azurite, Han purple, Han blue, Egyptian blue, malachite, Paris green, phthalocyanine BN blue, phthalocyanine G green, verdigris, veridian, iron oxide pigments, sanguine, caput mortuum, oxide red, red ocher, venetian red, Prussian blue, clay soil pigments, ocher yellow, raw sienna, burnt sienna, raw umber, burnt umber, marine pigments (overseas, ultramarine green shade), zinc pigments (zinc white, zinc ferrite ) and combinations thereof.
    [0029] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conductor coating layer contains, by dry weight, about 10% to about 25% sodium silicate, about 55% to about 75% SiO2 powder dry, about 10% to about 25% B4C, optionally about 0.5% to about 5.0% boron nitride dry weight, and about 0.5% to about 2% boron nitride powder. bentonite. The dry composition can be prepared as a wet mix by adding about 20% to about 40% deionized water on a wet basis.
    [0030] In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coating used contains, as a percentage of dry weight, about 13% to about 15% of sodium silicate, about 69% of SiO2 dry powder, about 14 % to about 16% boron carbide and about 1.0% to about 1.5% bentonite powder. That dry composition can be prepared as a wet aqueous mixture having about 36% to about 38% deionized water on a wet basis.
    [0031] In another more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coating used contains, as a percentage of dry weight, about 13% to about 15% of sodium silicate, about 69% of SiO2 dry powder, about 13 % to about 15% dry weight boron carbide, about 1.0% to about 2.0% dry weight boron nitride, and about 1.0% to about 1.5% bentonite powder. That dry composition can be prepared as a wet aqueous mixture having about 36% to about 38% deionized water on a wet basis.
    [0032] Once applied and cured to a conductor, the coating provides a flexible coating that does not show any visible breakage when tilted over a 10-inch diameter mandrel or less. The cured coating is also heat resistant and undergoes the same bending test as the mandrel after heat aging at 325°C for a period of 1 day and 7 days.
    [0033] Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 illustrate various suspended uninsulated conductors according to various embodiments of the invention incorporating a spectrally selective surface.
    [0034] As seen in Figure 1, the uninsulated pendant conductor 100 of the present invention generally includes a core of one or more strands 110, conductive strands with circular cross-section around the core 120 and the spectrally selective surface layer 130. core 110 can be composite of carbon fiber, steel, invar steel, or any other material that provides strength to the conductor. Lead wires 120 are copper, or a copper alloy or an aluminum or aluminum alloy, including 1350-type aluminum, 6000 series aluminum alloy, or aluminum-zirconium alloy, or any other conductive metal. As seen in Figure 2, the pendant uninsulated conductor 200 generally includes circular conductor wires 210 and the spectrally selective surface layer 220. Conductor wires 210 are copper or a copper alloy or an aluminum or aluminum alloy, including aluminum types 1350 , 6000 series aluminum alloy or aluminum-zirconium alloy or any other conductive metal. As seen in Figure 3, the pendant uninsulated conductor 300 of the present invention generally includes a core of one or more wires 310, trapezoidal shaped conductor wires around core 320, and spectrally selective surface layer 330. Core 310 may be composite of carbon fiber, steel, invar steel or any other material that provides resistance to the conductor. Lead wires 320 are copper or a copper alloy or an aluminum or aluminum alloy, including aluminum types 1350, series 6000 aluminum alloy or aluminum-zirconium alloy, or any other conductive metal.
    [0035] As seen in Figure 4, the pendant uninsulated conductor 400 includes generally trapezoidal shaped conductor wires 410 and the spectrally selective surface layer 420. The conductor wires 410 are copper or a copper alloy or an aluminum or aluminum alloy , including 1350 types aluminum, 6000 series aluminum alloy, or aluminum-zirconium alloy or any other conductive metal. The coating composition can be made in a High Speed Disperser (HSD), Ball Mill, Ball Mill or using other techniques known in the art. In a preferred embodiment, an HSD is used to make the coating composition. To make the coating composition, binders, dispersion medium and surfactant (if used) are taken up in a high speed disperser and a solution is prepared. In that solution, the heat radiating agent, fillers, stabilizers, colorants and other additives are added slowly. Initially, a slower agitator speed is used to remove trapped air and after that the speed is gradually increased up to 3000 rpm. High speed mixing is carried out until the desired dispersion of fillers and other additives is achieved in the coating.
    [0036] The dispersion medium can be water or an organic solvent. Examples of organic solvents include, among others, alcohols, ketones, esters, hydrocarbons, and combinations thereof. The preferred dispersion medium is water. The resulting coating mixture is a suspension having a total solids content of about 40-80%, preferably about 45-55%, more preferably about 49-51%. Upon storage of this mixture, the solid particles can settle and consequently that coating mixture needs to be agitated and can be further diluted to achieve the required viscosity before transferring to the coating applicator.
    [0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the suspended conductor is prepared before applying the coating composition. The preparation process can be chemical treatment, pressurized air cleaning, hot water or steam cleaning, brush cleaning, heat treatment, sand blasting, ultrasound, glare removal, solvent cleaning, plasma treatment and the like. In a preferred process, the surface of the suspended conductor is de-glossed by sandblasting.
    [0038] The coating mixture composition can be applied by spray gun, preferably with 10-45 psi of pressure, which is controlled through air pressure. The spray gun nozzle is preferably placed perpendicular to the direction of the conductor (at an angle of approximately 90°) to achieve a uniform coating on the conductive product. In specific areas, two or more guns can be used to achieve more efficient coatings. Coating thickness and density are controlled by mix viscosity, gun pressure and lead line speed. During application of the coating, the temperature of the suspended conductor is preferably maintained between 10°C to 90°C depending on the material of the conductor.
    [0039] Alternatively, the coating mixture can be applied to the suspended conductor by dipping or using a brush or using a cylinder. Here, the clean, dry conductor is immersed in the coating mixture to allow the mixture to completely coat the conductor. The conductor is then removed from the coating mixture and allowed to dry.
    [0040] After application, the coating on the suspended conductor is allowed to dry by evaporation at room temperature or at elevated temperatures up to 325°C. In one embodiment, the coating is dried by direct exposure to a flame which exposes the coating to intense but brief heating (about 0.1-2 seconds, preferably about 0.5-1 second).
    [0041] The developed coating can be used for suspended conductors that are already installed and currently being used. Existing conductors can be coated with an automated or semi-automated robotic coating system. The automated system works in three steps: 1. Cleaning the conductor surface; 2. Application of the coating on the conductor surface; and 3. Drying the coating.
    [0042] The surface modification of the present invention can be used in pendant uninsulated conductor fittings and products and parts related to electrical transmission and distribution of pendant uninsulated conductor for the purpose of temperature reduction, for example, fixed end products /end, joints/joint products, conductor suspension and support products, and conductor and compression fit repair parts. These products are commercially available from many manufacturers, such as Preformed Line Products (PLP), Cleveland, OH and AFL, Duncan, SC.
    [0043] The coating can be applied to conductors in several ways. It can be applied by coating the individual wires before mounting them on the uninsulated conductor suspended. Here, it is possible to have all wires of the coated conductor, or more economically, just the majority of the outer wires of the coated conductor. Alternatively, the coating can be applied only to the outer surface of the conductor without suspended insulation. Here, the entire outer surface or a portion of it can be coated.
    [0044] The coating can be applied in a batch process, a semi-batch process or a continuous process. The continuous process is preferred. Figure 6 illustrates a preferred continuous process for the present invention. After the input winding roll 102, the conductor 112 is passed through a surface preparation process via a pre-treatment unit 104 before the coating is applied to the coating unit 106. After the coating is applied, the conductor can be dried via a drying/curing unit 108. Once dry, the cable is wound onto a cylinder 110.
    [0045] In the pre-treatment unit 104, the surface of the conductor 112 is preferably prepared by sandblasting the medium. The preferred medium is sand, however glass beads, ilmenite, steel shot could also be used. Blasting the medium is followed by air cleaning to blow the particulate materials out of conductor 112. An air cleaning consists of air jets blown onto conductor 112 at an angle and in a direction opposite to the direction of travel of conductor 112 The air jets create a 360° ring of air that attaches to the circumference of conductor 112 and cleans the surface with high air velocity. In this case, as the conductor leaves the pre-treatment unit 104, any particles in the conductor 112 are cleaned and blown back into the pre-treatment unit 104. The air jet typically operates at about 60 to about 100 PSI, preferably about 70-90 PSI, more preferably about 80 PSI. The air jet preferably has a speed (coming from the nozzles) of about 125 mph to about 500 mph, more preferably about 150 mph to about 400 mph and most preferably about 250 mph to about 350 mph. After air cleaning, the number of particles, which are greater than 10 microns in size, on the conductor surface is less than 1,000 per square feet of conductor surface, preferably less than 100 per square feet of surface. After cleaning the air, the conductor is preferably heated, for example, by a heating oven, UV, IR, E-beam, open flame and the like. Heating can be performed by single or multiple units. In a preferred embodiment, drying/curing takes place by direct application of the flame. Here, the cable is passed directly through a flame to heat the surface of the cable to a temperature above room temperature. Pre-treatment high temperature heating allows further low temperature heating in the drying/curing unit. However, heating should not be so severe as to affect the quality of the coating (eg adhesion, uniformity, bubbling etc.). Here, it is preferable that the conductor is not heated above about 140°C, more preferably not more than about 120°C.
    [0046] Once the surface of conductor 112 is prepared, it is ready for coating. The coating process takes place in the coating unit, where the cable passes through a flooded matrix that deposits a liquid suspension of the coating onto the prepared surface. Figures 7-9 show a description of an annular shaped flooded matrix 200. The coating suspension is fed to the matrix 200 via a tube 206. As the conductor 112 passes through the central opening 204 of the flooded matrix 200, the suspension of the coating coats conductor 112 via opening holes in the inner surface 202 of the matrix 200. Preferably, the flooded matrix 200 contains one or more, preferably two or more, more preferably four opening holes evenly spaced around the circumference of the inner surface 202 Once conductor 112 exits the flooded matrix, it then passes through another air purge to remove excess slurry from the coating and spread the coating evenly around the conductor. In the case of a braided conductor, air cleaning allows the coating to penetrate into the grooves between the filaments on the conductor surface. This air cleaning preferably operates in the same condition as that for cleaning the air in the pre-treatment unit 104.
    [0047] Once the conductor 112 is coated, it passes through the drying/curing unit 108.
    [0048] Drying/curing can be carried out by air or by using hot air of temperature up to 1000°C and/or line speed between about 9 ft/min to about 500 ft/min, preferably about 10 ft/min to about 400 ft/min, depending on the metal alloy used in the conductor. The drying process can be gradual drying, quick drying or direct flame application. Drying or curing can also be performed by other techniques such as a heating oven, UV, IR, E-beam, chemical or liquid spray and the like. Drying can be carried out by single or multiple units. It can also be vertical or horizontal or at a specific angle. In a preferred embodiment, drying/curing takes place by direct application of the flame. Here, the cable preferably passes directly through a flame to heat the surface of the cable to a temperature of up to about 300°C, preferably up to about 150°C. Once dry/cured, the coated conductor is wound into a cylinder 110 for storage.
    [0049] The continuous process, if operated for an individual filament (instead of the entire cable), preferably operates at a line speed of up to about 2500 ft/min, preferably about 9 to about 2000 ft/min, plus preferably about 10 to about 500 ft/min, more preferably about 30 to about 300 ft/min.
    [0050] The suspended conductor coating of the present invention can be used in composite core conductor designs. Composite core conductors are used because of their lower slope at higher operating temperatures and higher strength to weight ratio. Reduced conductor operating temperatures due to coating can further decrease conductor slope and decrease polymer resin degradation in the composite. Examples for composite cores can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. 7,015,395, 7,438,971 and 7,752,754, which are incorporated herein by reference.
    [0051] The jacketed conductor exhibits improved heat dissipation. Emissivity is the relative energy of a surface to emit heat by radiation and the ratio of the radiant energy emitted by a surface to the radiant energy emitted by a blackbody at the same temperature. Emittance is the energy radiated by the surface of a body per unit area. Emissivity can be measured, for example, by the method described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0076719 to Lawry et al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
    [0052] Without further description, it is believed that one skilled in the art, using the foregoing description and the following illustrative examples, can make and use the compounds of the present invention and practice the claimed methods. The following example is given to illustrate the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific conditions or details described in this example. Example
    [0053] Eleven (11) coating compositions (Exp 1, Exp 2, Exp3, Exp4, Exp 5, Exp 6, Exp 7, Exp 8, Exp 9, Exp 10, and Exp 11) were made. Exp 1 contains the dry mixture of 13-15% sodium silicate, 68-69% silicon dioxide powder, 14-16% boron carbide and 1-1.5% bentonite powder.
    [0054] Exp 2 contains 13-15% sodium silicate, 68-69% silicon dioxide powder, 13-15% boron carbide, 1-2% boron nitride, and 1-1.5 % bentonite powder.
    [0055] Exp 3-7 contains 1217% dry powder weight of B4C, 60-70% dry powder weight of SiO2, 15-20% dry weight basis of polysilicate powder, DI water on a base in 20-25% wet weight. The total solids content is approximately 50%.
    [0056] Exp 8-11 consist of 10-15% B4C dry powder weight, 7-13% TiO2 dry powder weight, 1-5% diatomaceous earth dry powder weight, polymer dry weight 30-40% acrylic and DI water on a wet weight basis of 30-50%. The total solids content is approximately 50%.
    [0057] The compositions mentioned above are coated onto sample substrates and cured.
    [0058] The final coating thickness is approximately 1 mil.
    [0059] The coated substrates are then tested for temperature reduction. A current is applied through the metal substrate with a coating thickness of 1 mil and an uncoated metal substrate to measure the coating performance improvement. The tester is shown in figure 5 and consisted primarily of a current source at 60Hz AC, a RMS true clamp current meter, a temperature data logging device, and a timer. The test was conducted inside a 68” wide x 33” deep windowed safety enclosure to control the movement of air around the sample. An exhaust was located 64" above the test apparatus for ventilation.
    [0060] The sample to be tested was connected in series with an AC current source through a relay contact controlled by a timer. The timer was used to activate the current source and controlled the duration of the test time. The 60Hz AC current flowing through the sample was monitored by an RMS true clamp current meter. A thermocouple was used to measure the surface temperature of the sample. Using a spring clip, the tip of the thermocouple was held firmly in contact with the central surface of the sample. In the case of measurement on the coated sample, the coating was removed in the area where the thermocouple made contact with the sample to achieve an accurate measurement of the substrate temperature. The thermocouple temperature was monitored by a temperature data logger to provide a continuous record of temperature change.
    [0061] Both coated cable samples were tested for temperature rise in this test setup under identical experimental conditions. The current was adjusted to a desired level and was monitored during the test to ensure that a constant current was flowing through the samples. The timer was set to a desired value and the temperature data logger was set to record temperature at a recording interval of one reading per second.
    [0062] The metal component for the uncoated and coated samples was the same source material and lots of 1350 aluminum. The finished dimensions of the uncoated sample were 12.0"(L)x0.50"(W)x0.027 "(T). The finished dimensions of the coated samples were 12.0"(L)x0.50"(W)x0.029"(T). The increase in thickness and width was due to the thickness of the applied coating.
    [0063] The temperature test data was then evaluated from the temperature data recording device and analyzed using a computer. The temperatures (measured in °C) of the coated samples when compared to the uncoated sample are reported as % reduction relative to the uncoated sample and are shown in Tables 1 and 2.


    [0064] The heat aging performance of the coating was accomplished by placing the coated samples in the air circulation oven maintained at 325°C for a period of 1 day and 7 days. After heat aging was complete, the samples were placed at an ambient temperature of 21°C for a period of 24 hours. The specimens were then flexed into different cylindrical mandrels sized from larger diameter to smaller diameter and the coatings were observed for any visible cracks in each size of the mandrel. The specimens are flexed onto the 10 inch diameter and smaller mandrels. Samples are reported "Pass" at the smallest chuck size where no visible crack is visible. The sanding hardness test was performed by running a series of sandpapers of known hardness over the coating. If the coating is not removed by sandpaper, then that coating is harder than sandpaper. Six different sandpapers were used, ranging from hardness HRC40 to HRC65 with HRC65 being the hardest and HRC 40 being the softest. Tape adhesion testing was performed as specified by ASTM D3359-09. The results of the mandrel bending test, filing hardness test, and the tape adhesion test are shown in Tables 3-5. The composition of the invention showed superior balancing properties of flexibility, hardness and tape adhesion retention before and after heat aging. Table 3. Properties of coated conductors before heat aging


    Although particular embodiments have been chosen to illustrate the invention, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [0001]
    1. Method of forming a suspended conductor that has a lower operating temperature, characterized in that it comprises: a. pretreat the outer surface of an uninsulated conductor to prepare the outer surface for coating by removing particulates greater than 10 microns in size so that less than 11111.11 particulates per square meter are present on the outer surface of the uninsulated conductor. isolation; B. applying a surface coating to the outer surface of the uninsulated conductor, wherein the surface coating comprises from 45% to 55% solids content, and the solids content comprises 5% to 30% of an inorganic adhesive, 45% to 92% of a filler material, and 2% to 20% of one or more emissivity agents; and c. drying the surface coating to form a coating layer on the outer surface of the uninsulated conductor having a thickness of 5 microns to 30 microns.
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface coating comprises 50% solids content, and the solids content comprises 13% to 15% sodium silicate, 68% to 69% silicon dioxide powder, 14% to 16% boron carbide, and 1% to 1.5% bentonite powder.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface coating comprises 50% solids content, and the solids content comprises 13% to 15% sodium silicate, 68% to 69% silicon dioxide powder, 13% to 15% boron carbide, 1% to 2% boron nitride and 1% to 1.5% bentonite powder.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the inorganic adhesive comprises one or more of sodium silicate, potassium silicate, lithium silicate, calcium silicate and magnesium silicate.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler material comprises one or more of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and boron oxide.
    [0006]
    6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the emissivity agent comprises one or more of carbon tetraboride, boron nitride, silicon tetraboride, silicon carbide, molybdenum disilicide, zirconium diboride, chromide cupric, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, manganese oxide, copper oxide, and chromium oxide.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the uninsulated conductor comprises one or more conductor wires formed from one or more of copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, aluminum alloy- zirconium, and any other conductive metal.
    [0008]
    8. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of pre-treating the external surface comprises sand blasting the external surface of the conductor without insulation.
    [0009]
    9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the step of pre-treating the external surface further comprises applying an air cleaning to the external surface of the conductor without insulation subsequent to the step of sandblasting the external surface, wherein air cleaning comprises applying a jet of air around the circumference of the uninsulated conductor at an angle and in a direction opposite to the direction of travel of the uninsulated conductor.
    [0010]
    10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the step of pre-treating the external surface further comprises heating the external surface to 140°C subsequent to the step of applying the air cleaning.
    [0011]
    11. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of drying the surface coating comprises heating the outer surface from room temperature to 325°C.
    [0012]
    12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the outer surface is heated to a temperature from room temperature to 150°C.
    [0013]
    13. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the step of heating the external surface is applied by direct exposure to the flame for a period of 0.1 second to 2 seconds.
    [0014]
    14. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of applying the surface coating occurs in a flooded matrix or a spray gun.
    [0015]
    15. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the flooded matrix comprises an annular-shaped portion with a central opening through which the uninsulated conductor passes.
    [0016]
    16. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the flooded matrix further comprises a tube to direct the surface coating to the matrix and to the uninsulated conductor.
    [0017]
    17. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the flooded matrix further comprises one or more opening holes through which the surface coating passes from the flooded matrix and is deposited on the outer surface of the conductor without isolation.
    [0018]
    18. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid content further comprises 1% to 5% of a stabilizer.
    [0019]
    19. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the air jet around the circumference of the uninsulated conductor is applied at an angle of 360°.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BR112016007986B1|2021-06-15|TRAINING METHOD OF A SUSPENDED DRIVER THAT HAS A LOWER OPERATING TEMPERATURE
    TWI633564B|2018-08-21|Surface modified overhead conductor and methods for making the same
    TWI656183B|2019-04-11|Curable two-part coating for wires
    BR112019008558A2|2019-09-17|ambient cured coating compositions for cables and cable fittings
    US10726975B2|2020-07-28|Electrical accessories for power transmission systems and methods for preparing such electrical accessories
    BR112015002970B1|2022-02-15|AIR CONDUCTOR WITH MODIFIED SURFACE AND METHOD TO MAKE SUCH CONDUCTOR
    US20180025809A1|2018-01-25|Electrical accessories for power transmission systems and methods for preparing such electrical accessories
    CA2992719C|2022-02-22|Electrical accessories for power transmission systems and methods for preparing such electrical accessories
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2015053796A1|2015-04-16|
    MX2016004379A|2016-08-19|
    US20150104641A1|2015-04-16|
    CA2925856C|2021-02-23|
    CN105814648A|2016-07-27|
    AR093122A1|2015-05-20|
    US20160343476A1|2016-11-24|
    BR112016007986A8|2020-03-17|
    TW201515026A|2015-04-16|
    EP3055868B1|2019-05-08|
    EP3055868A1|2016-08-17|
    ES2739040T3|2020-01-28|
    EP3055868A4|2017-05-17|
    US10332658B2|2019-06-25|
    CA2925856A1|2015-04-16|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US2699425A|1952-07-05|1955-01-11|Motorola Inc|Electroplating electrical conductors on an insulating panel|
    US3404031A|1963-09-03|1968-10-01|Boeing Co|Emissive coating|
    US4588546A|1984-08-27|1986-05-13|The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company|Wire coating process|
    JPH0120036B2|1985-08-06|1989-04-13|Niigata Engineering Co Ltd|
    DE3824608C1|1988-07-20|1989-08-17|Berndorf F.A.S. Freileitungen Und Aluminium Sonderprodukte Ges.M.B.H., Berndorf, At|Method of equipping an overhead-line conductor for a high-voltage overhead line with a black surface layer|
    US5296288A|1992-04-09|1994-03-22|The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration|Protective coating for ceramic materials|
    US5391606A|1992-07-02|1995-02-21|Nalco Chemical Company|Emissive coatings for investment casting molds|
    EP0729158B1|1995-02-24|2003-04-09|Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd.|Radiation wire|
    US5668072A|1996-05-09|1997-09-16|Equity Enterprises|High emissivity coating|
    DE19731625A1|1997-03-04|1998-09-10|Volkswagen Ag|Bearing material in a connecting rod eye|
    DK1124235T3|2000-02-08|2009-02-16|Gift Technologies Llc|Composite reinforced electric transmission conductor|
    US7438971B2|2003-10-22|2008-10-21|Ctc Cable Corporation|Aluminum conductor composite core reinforced cable and method of manufacture|
    US7105047B2|2003-05-06|2006-09-12|Wessex Incorporated|Thermal protective coating|
    US6921431B2|2003-09-09|2005-07-26|Wessex Incorporated|Thermal protective coating for ceramic surfaces|
    US20060015695A1|2004-06-30|2006-01-19|Cochran Robert A|Method of device mirroring via packetized networking infrastructure|
    HRP20050840A2|2005-09-23|2007-04-30|Šimić Zdenko|Overhead conductor with selective surface|
    CN200979826Y|2006-11-30|2007-11-21|张安|An enameling mould for the wire core of a power cable|
    US9011791B2|2008-04-07|2015-04-21|Emisshield, Inc.|Pyrolysis furnace and process tubes|
    US8510075B2|2008-09-24|2013-08-13|Electric Power Research Institute, Inc.|Emmissivity test instrument for overhead electrical transmission and distribution|
    TWI391668B|2008-11-21|2013-04-01|King Yuan Electronics Co Ltd|An electric conductor with good current capability and a method for improving the current capability of a electric conductor|
    RU2386183C1|2008-12-04|2010-04-10|Дмитрий Григорьевич Сильченков|Composite bearing core for external current-conducting strands of overhead high-voltage power transmission line wires and method of its production|
    CN101572137B|2009-06-05|2011-01-05|江苏中超电缆股份有限公司|Coilout lubricating system of cable three-layer co-extruded cross-linking assembly line|
    CN201773611U|2010-07-29|2011-03-23|上海德力西集团有限公司|Easily radiating electric wire|
    US8840942B2|2010-09-24|2014-09-23|Emisshield, Inc.|Food product and method and apparatus for baking|
    TWI443792B|2010-11-08|2014-07-01|
    FR2971617B1|2011-02-10|2013-02-01|Nexans|AERIAL ELECTRIC CABLE WITH IMPROVED AGING|
    CN202741376U|2012-07-31|2013-02-20|盈锋紧固系统（无锡）有限公司|Washing equipment for hard drive screw production|
    US9859038B2|2012-08-10|2018-01-02|General Cable Technologies Corporation|Surface modified overhead conductor|US9859038B2|2012-08-10|2018-01-02|General Cable Technologies Corporation|Surface modified overhead conductor|
    US10957468B2|2013-02-26|2021-03-23|General Cable Technologies Corporation|Coated overhead conductors and methods|
    KR20170016946A|2014-06-23|2017-02-14|사우쓰와이어 컴퍼니, 엘엘씨|Uv-resistant superhydrophobic coating compositions|
    SE538433C2|2014-08-05|2016-06-21|Mee Invest Scandinavia Ab|Electrical wire|
    CN107004470A|2014-08-07|2017-08-01|汉高股份有限及两合公司|Electroceramics coating for the electric wire in bunchy power transmission cable|
    BR112018001195A2|2015-07-21|2018-09-11|General Cable Tech Corp|electrical accessories for power transmission systems and methods for preparing such electrical accessories|
    CA2996086A1|2015-08-19|2017-02-23|Nkt Hv Cables Gmbh|Conductor for a power transmission cable and a process for the production of the conductor|
    CA3041297A1|2016-10-20|2018-04-26|Sathish Kumar Ranganathan|Durable coating compositions and coatings formed thereof|
    FR3079961A1|2018-04-05|2019-10-11|Nexans|ACCESSORY FOR IMPROVED THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY CABLE|
    US10889727B1|2018-06-14|2021-01-12|Southwire Company, Llc|Electrical cable with improved installation and durability performance|
    GB201814691D0|2018-09-10|2018-10-24|Cable Coatings Ltd|Overhead conductor with self-cleaning coating|
    CN109637715A|2019-01-16|2019-04-16|京仪股份有限公司|The golden copper-clad alloy cable of the counter-bending heat dissipation of one kind and its manufacturing process|
    CN110387129A|2019-06-17|2019-10-29|东莞市明盛电气有限公司|A kind of silicone rubber wire production method|
    法律状态:
    2018-11-21| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-07-28| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-04-06| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-06-15| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 14/11/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US14/051,080|2013-10-10|
    US14/051,080|US20150104641A1|2013-10-10|2013-10-10|Coated overhead conductor|
    PCT/US2013/070154|WO2015053796A1|2013-10-10|2013-11-14|Coated overhead conductor|
    [返回顶部]