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    • 专利摘要:
    polyolefin composition, extruded article, use of a composition, and, unfilled or filled polyolefin side article. polyolefin compositions useful for articles of construction for external use, for example, house siding, external cladding, soffit or roof. the composition comprises a polyolefin substrate which has incorporated therein one or more additives selected from the group consisting of a) one or more ultraviolet light absorbers, b) one or more hindered amine light stabilizers, and c) one or more antioxidants. advantageously, the polyolefin substrate also has incorporated therein d) one or more dyes, e) one or more fillers, f) one or more flame retardants, and optionally g) one or more antimicrobial compounds. compositions exhibit certain performance levels according to standard tests, eg impact force > 35 in-lb (3.95 nm) per astm d4226, coefficient of linear thermal expansion < 4.5 x 10e-05 in/ in/ft per astm d696 and optionally acceptable color uniformity in finished sidings per astm d6864 and/or acceptable delta and low color for the intended application per astm d2244 and/or an ul-94 v-1 or v- rating 0 and/or a flame propagation index of < 200 according to astm e-84.
    公开号:BR112016006528B1
    申请号:R112016006528-0
    申请日:2014-09-24
    公开日:2021-07-27
    发明作者:Stephen Mark Andrews；Joseph James Fay；Roswell Easton King；Mohammad Zafar；Zhisheng Chen；Thomas Friend Thompson；Feng Zuo
    申请人:Basf Se；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [001] Fully-formulated polyolefin compositions useful for long-term outdoor applications are described. The compositions are useful for building materials such as house siding panels, soffit, profiles, roofing and others. In particular, the compositions are useful as home siding panels (siding).
    [002] Currently, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sidings are commonly used. PVC sidings have disadvantages regarding their environmental impact and overall performance. PVC siding is not widely used in regions with high temperatures and prolonged sun exposure, due to the fact that it will deform, distort and experience color fading under these conditions. PVC siding exposed to high levels of sun exposure will experience excessive color fading in a short period of time ie 5-7 years. In addition, PVC is not easily recycled and careful controls during manufacturing must be taken to limit exposure due to harmful vinyl chloride monomer.
    [003] It would be advantageous to replace PVC siding with polyolefin coating when the polyolefin siding meets or exceeds the required levels of light fastness, processing stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties. For polyolefin siding articles, the current state of the art is injection molding of thick sections. The polyolefin injection molded thick section has a thick cross section due to the inadequate melt strength of currently available polymeric olefin compositions. Injection molding processing can lead to defects such as flow lines, injection port defects and "tiger tracks" during outdoor weather. Currently, the industry is looking for extrudable polymeric olefin compositions that are capable of replacing PVC siding with adequate processability, durability, aesthetics, and light weight.
    [004] Conventional injection molded siding panels have a typical thickness range of 0.10 to 0.125 inches (2.54 to 3.18 mm), with widths ranging from 10 to 20 inches (254 to 508 mm) and lengths from 30 to 60 inches (762 to 1524 mm) depending on specific projects.
    [005] Extruded profile siding dimensions can range from about 30 to about 50 mils (0.762 to 1.27 mm) thick, from about 35 to about 45 mils (089 to 1.143 mm) of thickness is preferred. thickness. The present compositions allow siding lengths to be extruded to current industry standards and offered in any linear lengths as produced by the siding converting operation. Typical siding widths are a minimum of (4) inches (101.6 mm) to a maximum of (18) inches (457.2 mm) as is current common industry practice.
    [006] The invention relates to a polyolefin-based composition having suitable physical and mechanical properties, for example, sufficiently high melt strength, for use in extruded profiles (for example, for sides, window profiles, decorations, fences, etc.). The extruded compositions of this invention exhibit improved processability, durability and aesthetics compared to current injection molded polyolefin sides. The extruded side compositions of this invention provide easier installation vs. State-of-the-art PVC sides.
    [007] The present invention describes a polyolefin composition that allows useful profile extrusion on sides, ornaments, fences and window profiles.
    Accordingly, there is described a polyolefin composition comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein one or more additives selected from the group consisting of a) one or more ultraviolet light absorbers, b) one or more hindered amine light stabilizers and c) one or more antioxidants, where the composition has an impact strength of > 35 in-lb (3.95 Nm) measured in accordance with ASTM D4226, linear thermal expansion coefficient of < 4.5 x 10E-05 in/in/ ft (0.00147637795 m-1) measured in accordance with ASTM D696 and optionally acceptable color uniformity in finished sidings in accordance with ASTM D6864 and/or acceptable low delta E color for the intended application in accordance with ASTM D2244 and/or a UL-94 rating of V-1 or V-0 and/or a flame spread index of <200 measured in accordance with ASTM E-84.
    [009] Advantageously, the polyolefin substrate also has incorporated one or more dyes.
    [0010] Optionally, the polyolefin substrate also has incorporated therein one or more additives selected from the group consisting of e) one or more fillers, f) one or more flame retardants and g) one or more antimicrobial compounds.
    [0011] The polyolefin substrate is preferably polyethylene homopolymers (PE), random or block polyethylene copolymers, polypropylene (PP) homopolymers, random or block polypropylene copolymers, ethylene/propylene copolymers, a blend of polypropylene and polyethylene or a mixture of different types of polyethylene. Most preferably the polyolefin substrate is polypropylene. The polyethylene is preferably linear low density (LLDPE), low density (LDPE), medium density (MDPE) or high density (HDPE). The mixtures mentioned above are, for example, PP/HDPE, PP/LDPE and LDPE/HDPE. Ternary blends such as PP/HDPE/LLDPE are also included. Polyolefin substrates can be formulated with or without crosslinking.
    The polyolefin composition contains, for example, > 10 percent by weight of polyolefin (% by weight), for example, > 15% by weight, > 20% by weight, > 25% by weight, > 30% by weight, > 35% by weight, > 40% by weight, > 45% by weight, > 50% by weight, > 55% by weight, > 60% by weight, > 65% by weight, > 70% by weight , >75% by weight, >80% by weight or >85% by weight polyolefin, based on the weight of the composition.
    [0013] Polypropylene can be a polypropylene homopolymer, a random polypropylene copolymer, segmented or alternative copolymer or block copolymer containing one or more comonomers selected from the group consisting of ethylene, C4-C30 α-olefins, vinylcyclohexane, vinylcyclohexene, C4-C20 alkandienes, C5-C12 cycloalkandienes and norbornene derivatives; the total mol amount of propylene and the comonomers being 100%.
    [0014] The polypropylene copolymer also coats the long chain branched polypropylene copolymer.
    [0015] Examples of suitable C4-C30 α-olefins are 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-eicosene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-eicosene, 1-docosene, 1-tetracosene, 1-hexacosene, 1-octacosene and 1-triacontene.
    Examples of suitable C4-C20 alkadienes are hexadiene and octadiene.
    [0017] Examples of suitable C5-C12 cycloalkandienes are cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadiene and cyclooctadiene.
    [0018] Examples of suitable norbornene derivatives are 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB), dicyclopentadiene (DCP) and methylene-domethylene-hexahydronaphthaline (MEN).
    [0019] A propylene/ethylene copolymer contains, for example, 50 to 99.9%, preferably 80 to 99.9%, in particular 90 to 99.9%, by weight of propylene.
    [0020] A copolymer of propylene wherein the comonomer is a C9-C20 α-olefin such as, for example, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1 -octadecene or 1-eicosene; C9-C20 alkandiene, C9-C12 cycloalkandiene or a derivative of norbornene such as, for example, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) or methylene-domethylene-hexahydronaphthaline (MEN) preferably contains more than 90 mol% , in particular 90 to 99.9% by mol or 90 to 99% by mol, of propylene.
    [0021] A copolymer of propylene wherein the comonomer is an α-C4-C8 olefin such as, for example, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene or 4-methyl-1 -pentene; vinylcyclohexane, vinylcyclohexene, C4-C8 alkandiene or C5-C8 cycloalkandiene preferably contains more than 80% by mol, in particular 80 to 99.9% by mol or 80 to 99% by mol, of propylene.
    [0022] Additional examples of polypropylene are propylene/isobutylene copolymer, propylene/butadiene copolymer, propylene/cycloolefin copolymer, terpolymers of propylene with ethylene and a diene such as hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene or ethylidene-norbornene; propylene/1-olefin copolymers where the 1-olefin is generated in situ; and propylene/carbon monoxide copolymers.
    Allyl or vinyl terminated oligomers of ethylene or propylene can be used as branches in polymerization reactions with propylene to prepare the high melt strength branched polypropylenes as described in U.S. Patent No. 8,399,725 and U.S. Publication No. 2013/0274425, 2013/0274425, 2013/0030135 and 2013/0137829.
    [0024] The straight-chain structure of polypropylene results in the polymer exhibiting low melt strength and a need for strain hardening. This can result in processing problems where polymer extensibility is required. In contrast, polypropylenes that exhibit high melt strength are valued in industrial converting operations such as blow molding, thermoforming, or sheet foaming of polypropylene. The polypropylene-based compositions of this invention exhibit acceptable melt strength, extensibility and filament hardening to produce extruded profiles and sidings.
    Advantageously, the polyolefin substrate comprises a propylene homopolymer or copolymer of suitably high melt strength, optionally combined with a polyethylene homopolymer or copolymer. The combination may further contain a suitable third polymer to facilitate compatibility, partial miscibility or miscibility of the different polyolefins. Such materials are referred to as interfacial tension reducing agents or compatibilizers.
    [0026] Suitable compatibilizers are typically polymers that contain two or more different segments each of which are miscible or compatible with the individual components to be combined. A compatibilized polymer combination need not be fully miscible or satisfactory in all thermodynamic mixing (eg, resulting in a single phase, or simple glass transition temperature), yet such a combination of the different polymer structures will exhibit the resulting properties improvements in the individual components.
    [0027] One type of compatibilizer for combining PP and PE are segmented "block olefin copolymers" or "OBC" containing propylene, ethylene and optionally additional alpha-olefin sequences such as those produced by Dow Global Technologies and explained in US Publication No. 2011/032621, 2011/060103, 2010/298515, 2011/054121 and 2011/015354. Dow products are included under the trade name products INFUSE and ExxonMobil VISTAMAXX. These block copolymers are produced with a total molecular weight distribution and segment molecular weight distribution such that Mw/Mn > 1.4, with two or more ethylene and alpha-olefin blocks per chain and low molecular weights (Mw < 200,000 g/mol). These alternative block copolymers are characterized by crystallisable, rigid 'hard block' segments and an amorphous, elastomeric 'soft block' content. The hard block content ranges from 1284% by weight in these OBCs and total 1-octene content (i.e., giving the long chain branches) ranges from 3 to 14% by weight. OBCs can match a combination of PP and HDPE where an increase in elongation to break and tensile strength can be achieved compared to an unmatched combination of HDPE and PP.
    [0028] The homopolymer or copolymer or combination of polypropylene with optionally compatibilized polyethylene can be chemically cross-linked to introduce the long chain branches (LCB) of the polypropylene backbone resulting in greater melt strength and extensibility and lower melt flow than it is generally commercially available.
    Chemical crosslinking of a homopolymer or copolymer of propylene with another polypropylene or with a homo- or copolymer of polyethylene and/or with a compatibilizing material is advantageous. Such crosslinking processes can impart a valuable increase in polyolefin combination melt strength, melt extensibility, tensile strength and mechanics useful in the present extrusion processes. Such crosslinking processes in polypropylene can produce long chain branching (LCB) in the polypropylene backbone and create an intensified amount of polymer chain tangles which results in increased polymer melt strength.
    [0030] Crosslinking can be accomplished with agents such as organic peroxides or by treatment with a radiation source such as ultraviolet light, electron support or gamma irradiation. Radiation can be followed in a reduced oxygen or zero oxygen environment. For example, a polypropylene of high melt strength and melt extensibility is achieved by combining a linear polypropylene with a branched polypropylene (b-PP) in an extruder. b-PP is prepared by reacting a peroxide with an unmodified polypropylene and optionally a bifunctional unsaturated monomer capable of grafting onto the unmodified polypropylene to produce long chain branches, WO2014/001394. In another example, U.S. Patent No. 5,508,318, 5,731,362, 5,591,785, 5,554,668 and 4,916,198 describe the composite of combinations of irradiated and non-irradiated olefin polymer materials suitable for extrusion.
    [0031] In contrast to downstream extrusion or chemical polymer modification to form crosslinks or long chain branches to improve melt strength, the formation of long chain branching in polyolefins can be conducted upstream during polymer fabrication. In one example, polyethylene can be modified in a polymerization unit through exposure to a low level of oxygen, termed 'oxygen cutting', resulting in the formation of long chain branching and enhanced melt strength, as explained in the Publication US No. 2012/100357.
    [0032] The polyolefin substrate may contain an additive that promotes a higher level of melt crystallinity by converting the polymer into the formed articles. Such additives are referred to as nucleating agents.
    [0033] The degree of crystallinity in polypropylene is an important parameter that influences properties such as modulus, yield stress, strength, etc. Within the scope of this invention is the use of nucleating agents which influence the favorable formation of a degree of crystallinity which improves the melt strength during extrusion processing and improves the mechanical properties in the end use article. Suitable nucleating agents are, for example, sodium benzoate, 2,2'-methylene-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate, zinc glycerolate, 1,2-dicarboxylic acid calcium salt cyclo -hexane, aromatic trisamide compounds, cis-endo-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid disodium salt, aluminum hydroxy-bis[4-(tert-butyl)benzoate] and sorbitol such as 1, 3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol 1.3:2,4-bis(4-methylbenzylidene)sorbitol or 1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol, such as explained in US Patent No. 7,423,088, 7,790,793 and 8,183,312 and U.S. Publication No. 2012/0190797.
    Nucleating agents can be present, for example, from about 10 parts per million (ppm) to about 10,000 ppm, from about 12 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, from about 12 ppm to about 500 ppm or from about 12 ppm to about 300 ppm or about 400 ppm, by weight based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate.
    [0035] The polyolefin substrate advantageously contains an inorganic (mineral) filler to balance the melt strength and extensibility or withdrawal capability to allow the production of extruded profiles and sidings. Fillers are described in more detail below.
    [0036] The polyolefin substrate comprising a homopolymer or copolymer of propylene optionally combined with a homopolymer or copolymer of polyethylene, where the combination may further contain a compatibilizer that exhibits an adequate high melt strength. The present melt strength for the polyolefin substrate is at least 4 centiNewtons (cN) at 210°C. For example, the melt strength of the polyolefin substrate is about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, about 9, about 10, about 11, about 12, about 13, about 14, about 15, about 16, about 17, about 18, about 19, about 20, about 21, about 22, about 23 about 24 or about 25 centiNewtons a 210°C, for example, the melt strength is > 5, > 7, > 9, > 11, > 13, > 15, > 17, > 19, > 21 or > 23 centiNewtons at 210°C.
    [0037] Polyolefins can be prepared by the following methods: a) radical polymerization (usually under high pressure and at high temperature) or b) catalytic polymerization using a catalyst that normally contains one or more than one metal of groups IVb, Vb, VIb or VIII of the periodic table. These metals usually have one or more than one ligand, typically oxides, halides, alcoholates, esters, ethers, amines, alkyls, alkenyls and/or aryls which can be in the π- or 6-coordinates. These metal complexes can be in the form or fixed to substrates, typically activated magnesium chloride, titanium(III) chloride, alumina or silicon oxide. These catalysts can be soluble or insoluble in the polymerization medium. The catalysts can be used alone in the polymerization or additional activators can be used, typically metal alkyls, metal hydrides, metal alkyl halides, metal alkyl oxides or metal alkylxanes, said metals being elements of groups Ia, IIa and/or IIIa of the periodic table. Activators can be conveniently modified with additional esters, ether, amine or silyl ether group. These catalyst systems are usually called Phillips, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler(-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocene or single site catalysts (SSC).
    Polypropylenes are produced by processes as described in the literature including Kissin, Y.V. (2008), Alkene Polymerization Reactions with Transition Metal Catalysts, Elsevier, pp. 207-. ISBN 978-0444-53215-2; Hoff, Ray and Mathers, Robert T. (2010), Handbook of Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 158- ISBN 978-0-470-13798-7; Moore, E.P. (1996) Polypropylene Handbook, Polymerization, Characterization, Properties, Processing, Applications, Hanser Publishers: New York, ISBN 1569902089; Benedikt, G.M. and Goodall, B.L. (eds.) (1998) Metallocene Catalyzed Polimers, ChemTech Publishing: Toronto, ISBN 978-1-884207-59-4; Malpass, D.B., Introduction to Industrial Polyethylene, Properties, Catalysts, Processes, Wiley Publ., (2010); and Malpass, D.B., Introduction to Industrial Polypropylene, Properties, Catalysts, Processes, Wiley Publ., (2012).
    Ultraviolet light absorbers (UV) are preferably selected from the group consisting of hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole, tris-aryl-s-triazine, hydroxybenzoate, 2-hydroxybenzophenone and cyanoacrylate (UVAs) ultraviolet light absorbers.
    UVA hydroxyphenylbenzotriazoles are, for example, described in U.S. Patent No. 3,004,896; 3,055,896; 3,072,585; 3,074,910; 3,189,615; 3,218,332; 3,230,194; 4,127,586; 4,226,763; 4,275,004; 4,278,589; 4,315,848; 4,347,180; 4,383,863; 4,675,352; 4,681,905. 4,853,471;5,268,450; 5,278,314; 5,280,124; 5,319,091; 5,410,071; 5,436,349;5,516,914; 5,554,760; 5,563,242; 5,574,166; 5,607,987. 5,977,219 and 6,166,218, such as 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2- (2-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-t-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 5-chloro-2-(3,5-di-t-butyl -2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 5-chloro-2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3-sec-butyl-5-t-butyl -2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3,5-di-t-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2- (3,5-bis-α-cumyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-(2-( w-hydroxy-octa-(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl- ethyl)-, phenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3-dodecyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-(2-octyloxycarbonyl) )ethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-dodecylated benzotriazole, 2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5- chloro-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3- tert-butyl-5-(2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-carbonylethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chloro-2H- benzotriazole, 2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chloro-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-(2 -methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3-t-butyl-5-(2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3-t- butyl-2-hydroxy-5-(2-iso-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl-2H-benzotriazole, 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-t-octyl-(6-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol), 2-(2-hydroxy-3-a-cumyl-5-t-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3-t-octyl-5-a-cumylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 5- fluoro-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-a-cumylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 5-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-α-cumylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 5 - chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-3-a-cumyl-5-t-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-(2-iso-octyloxycarbonylethyl) phenyl)-5-chloro-2H-benzotriazole, 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3-a-cumyl-5-t-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy- 5-t-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 3-(5-trifluoromethyl-2 Methyl H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-t-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, 5-butylsulfonyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3-a-cumyl-5-t-octylphenyl)-2H -benzotriazole, 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3-a-cumyl-5-t-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-t- butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 5-trifluoromethyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-α-cumylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 5-butylsulfonyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di- t-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole and 5-phenylsulfonyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole.
    UVA tris-aryl-s-triazines are, for example, those described in U.S. Patent No. 3,843,371; 4,619,956; 4,740,542; 5,096,489; 5,106,891; 5,298,067; 5,300.414; 5,354,794; 5,461,151; 5,476,937; 5,489,503; 5,543,518; 5,556,973; 5,597,854; 5,681,955; 5,726,309; 5,736,597; 5,942,626; 5,959,008; 5,998,116; 6,013,704; 6,060,543; 6,242,598 and 6,255,483, for example 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine, CYASORB 1164, 4,6-bis- (2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-s-triazine , 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-s-triazine, 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy- 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-s-triazine, 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(4-bromophenyl) )-s-triazine, 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(2,4-di- hydroxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(4-biphenylyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxycarbonylethylideneoxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 2-phenyl-4- [2-hydroxy-4-(3-sec-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)phenyl]-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-sec-amyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)phenyl]-s-triazine, 2, 4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-benzyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)phenyl]-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-n- butyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-di-n-butyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-nonyloxy*-2-hydroxypropyloxy)-5-a-cumylphenyl]-s-triazine (* indicates a mixture of octyloxy, nonyloxy and decyloxy groups), methylenebis-{2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butyloxy-2-hydroxy-propoxy)phenyl]-s- triazine}, bridge-forming dimer mixture of methylene bridge-forming at the 3:5', 5:5' and 3:3' positions in a 5:4:1 ratio, 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy -4-iso-octyloxycarbonylisopropylideneoxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy-5-α-cumylphenyl)-s-triazine, 2-( 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,6-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)phenyl]-s-triazine, 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4 -(3-sec-butyloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)phenyl]-s-triazine, mixture of 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-(3-dodecyloxy-2) - hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl)-s-triazine and 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-(3-tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl)-s-triazine , TINUVIN 400, 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-(3-(2-ethylhexyloxy) )-2-hydroxypropoxy)-phenyl)-s-triazine and 4,6-diphenyl-2-(4-hexyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine.
    Hydroxybenzoate UV absorbers are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acid esters, such as, for example, 4-tert-butylphenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoyl resorcinol, bis(4- tert-butylbenzoyl) resorcinol, benzoyl resorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 3 octadecyl ,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzoate, 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
    2-Hydroxybenzophenone UV absorbers are, for example, those derived from 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'- trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy.
    [0044] Cyanoacrylate UV absorbers are, for example, pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate), ethyl ester or iso-octyl ester of α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacetic acid and methyl ester or ester α-cyano-e-methyl-p-methoxy-cinnamic acid butyl.
    [0045] The UVA is in particular 5-chloro-2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3,5-bis-α-cumyl-2-hydroxyphenyl )-2H-benzotriazole, 4,6-diphenyl-2-(4-hexyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4- -octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate or 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone.
    [0046] Many of the UVAs are commercial, for example, TINUVIN 326, TINUVIN 234, TINUVIN 1577, TINUVIN 1600, CYASORB UV 1164, CYASORB THT, CYASORB UV 2908, CHIMASSORB 81, UVINUL 3030, etc.
    Ultraviolet light absorbers are present in total from about 0.01 to about 2.5 percent by weight, preferably from about 0.10 to about 1.5 percent by weight, with based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate. More preferably from about 0.10 to about 0.95 percent by weight. For example, at levels of about 0.20, about 0.25, about 0.30, about 0.35, about 0.40, about 0.45, about 0.50, about 0.55, about 0.60, about 0.65, about 0.70, about 0.75, about 0.80, about 0.85 or about 0.90 weight percent, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate and between levels.
    Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) are described, for example, in U.S. Application No. 14/379,842, published as WO2013/136285 and U.S. Patent No. 5,004,770. 5,204,473. 5,096,950. 5,300,544. 5,112,890. 5,124,378. 5,145,893. 5,216,156. 5,844,026. 5,980,783. 6,046,304. 6,117,995. 6,271,377. 6,297,299. 6,392,041. 6,376,584 and 6,472,456.
    Suitable hindered amine light stabilizers are for example: (1) 1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-octadecylamino-piperidine, (2) bis(2.2) sebacate ,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl), (3) bis(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (4) bis(1,2,2) sebacate ,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl),(5) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (6) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy) sebacate -octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl); (7) bis(1-acyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (8) n-butyl -3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)(9) 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2 ,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxyethyl-amino-s-triazine),(10) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-adipate) tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl), (11) 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)-butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine ,(12) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine,(13) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)- 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,(15) bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl),(16) bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2 adipate, 2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl),(17) 2,4-bis{N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine -4-yl]-N-butylamino}-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-s-triazine,(18) 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,(19) di-(p-methoxybenzylidenemalonate) 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl),(20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octadecanoate,(21) bis(1-octyloxy-2,2 succinate) ,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl),(22) 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine,(23) 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3, 8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4,5]decane,(24) tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) nitrilotriacetate, (25) tris(2-hydroxy-3) nitrilotriacetate -(amino-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl),(26) tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4- butane- tetracarboxylate,(27) tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butane-tetracarboxylate, (28) 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl) )-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone),(29) 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decan-2, 4-dione,(30) 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decane-2,4-dione,(31) 3- dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione,(32) 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4 -piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione,(33) N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine,(33a) bis (1-undecanyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)carbonate,(34) 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidine) reaction product -4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine with N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine), (35) 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6 condensate -tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid,(36) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro condensate -1,3,5-triazine,(37) condensed of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(38) condensate of N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(39) N, condensate N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(40) condensate of 2 -chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane,(41) condensed of 2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis-(3-aminopropylamino) ethane,(42) a reaction product of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin,(43) poly [methyl(3-oxy-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl)]siloxane, CAS#182635-99-0,(44) maleic acid anhydride-α copolymer reaction product -C18-C22 olefin with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine,(45) 4,4'-h oligomeric condensate xamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and covered 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine at the end with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(46) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-1,2,2,6,6-pentaamethylpiperidine) and 2, 4-dichloro-6-[(1,2,2,6,6-pentaamethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s -triazine,(47) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-propoxy-2,2 ,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(48) 4,4'-hexamethylenebis oligomeric condensate (amino-1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s -triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine and(49) product obtained by the reaction of (a) with (b) where (a) is product obtained by the reaction of 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane with cyanuric chloride and (b) is (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamine.
    Also included are the analogs of NH, N-methyl, N-methoxy, N-hydroxy, N-propoxy, N-octyloxy, N-cyclohexyloxy, N-acyloxy and N-(2-hydroxy-2- methylpropoxy) sterically hindered from any of the compounds mentioned above. For example, replacement of an N-H hindered amine with an N-methyl hindered amine would be using the N-methyl analog in place of the N-H.
    [0051] For illustrative purposes, some of the structures for the compounds named above are shown below.






    Preferably, the hindered amine light stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of (2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (20) 2.2, octadecanoate 6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,(33) N,N'-bis-formyl -N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine,(36) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) condensate - hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(38) N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) condensate - hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(39) N,N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperi-condensate) dil)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(44) reaction product of maleic acid anhydride-α-olefin copolymer C18-C22 with 2,2,6,6 -tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine, (45) condensed oligomeric compound of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6 -[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(47) condensed oligomeric compound of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) -4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine and binary and ternary combinations thereof.
    [0053] Certain binary combinations of the hindered amine light stabilizers are advantageous. Preferred hindered amine light stabilizers are binary combinations of (48) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (49) N,N'-bis(2.2,) condensate 6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (BIN1), (50) bis sebacate(2,2,6,6 -tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) and (51) condensed oligomeric compound of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2.2,2 ,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine (BIN2), (52) 2.2 octanoate, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl e(53) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2, 2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine (BIN3) or (2) bis sebacate (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) and (20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octanoate (BIN4).
    Also preferred hindered amine light stabilizers are ternary combinations of (2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl),(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-yl) sebacate methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(45) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro -6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine (TER1) ,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, (20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octanoate and( 45) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4) -yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine (TER2) or (2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-sebacate 4-yl),(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(36) c N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine condensate (TER3).
    [0055] HALS (38) or (39) can be replaced by HALS (36) in binary and ternary combinations.
    Many of the present hindered amine stabilizers are commercial, for example, TINUVIN 770, CHIMASSORB 944, CHIMASSORB 2020, CYASORB UV 3853, CYASORB UV 3529, TINUVIN NOR 371, UVINUL 4050, UVINUL 5050, etc.
    [0057] Ternary combination 1 is especially effective for polypropylene homopolymers and copolymers and ternary combination 3 is especially effective for polyethylene.
    [0058] In binary HALS combinations, the weight:weight ratio is from about 1:19 to about 19:1, from about 1:17 to about 17:1, from about 1:15 to about 15:1, from about 1:13 to about 13:1, from about 1:11 to about 11:1 or from about 1:9 to about 9:1, for example, in ratios of about about 1:10, about 1:8, about 1:7, about 1:6, about 1:5, about 1:4, about 1:3, about 1:2, about 1 :1, about 2:1, about 3:1, about 4:1, about 5:1, about 6:1, about 7:1, about 8:1 or about 10:1 and reasons between.
    [0059] In ternary HALS combinations, the weight:weight ratios and any two of HALS are as for binary combinations.
    [0060] Advantageously, a combination of a low molecular weight and a high molecular weight HALS is used. Low molecular weight stabilizers have a molecular weight from about 200 g/mol to about 1000 g/mol. High molecular weight stabilizers have a molecular weight of about 1200 g/mol to about 10,000 g/mol.
    Suitable low molecular weight hindered amines are (1)-(33a). Suitable high molecular weight hindered amines are (34)-(49). In oligomeric or polymeric hindered amines, the repeating unit "n" is a value such that the average molecular weight is from about 1200 g/mol to about 10,000 g/mol.
    [0062] Advantageously, a combination of low and high molecular weight hindered amine is used together with a UV absorber, eg a hydroxybenzoate UV absorber.
    [0063] A further object of the invention is a polyolefin composition comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein a) a hydroxybenzoate ultraviolet light absorber and b) a high molecular weight hindered amine and a low molecular weight hindered amine.
    The hindered amine light stabilizers are present in total from about 0.10 to about 1.9 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate. Preferably from about 0.15 to about 1.5 percent by weight. For example, hindered amine light stabilizers are present at about 0.2, about 0.3, about 0.4, about 0.5, about 0.6, about 0.7, about of 0.8, about 0.9, about 1.0, about 1.1, about 1.2, about 1.3, or about 1.4 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate and between levels.
    [0065] Antioxidants are selected from the group consisting of hindered phenolic antioxidants, organic phosphorus stabilizers, dialkylhydroxyamine stabilizers, amine oxide stabilizers and tocopherols. Antioxidants are preferably a combination of an organic phosphorus stabilizer and a hindered phenolic antioxidant, a dialkylhydroxylamine stabilizer, a combination of an organic phosphorus stabilizer and a dialkylhydroxylamine stabilizer, an amine oxide stabilizer or a combination of an organic phosphorus stabilizer and an amine oxide stabilizer.
    [0066] Antioxidants present also include vitamin E acetate and vitamin E (tocopherols). Each can be used alone, in combination with each other, or in combination with one or more antioxidants selected from the group consisting of hindered phenolic antioxidants, dialkylhydroxyamine stabilizers, organic phosphorus stabilizers and amine oxide stabilizers.
    Organic phosphorus stabilizers are, for example, known phosphite and phosphonite stabilizers and include triphenyl phosphite, alkyl diphenyl phosphites, dialkyl phenyl phosphites, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, bis(2,4-di-α-cumylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4) diphosphite -di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol (D), bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite (E), bisisodecyloxy-pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di) diphosphite -tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol, bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, 4,4'-biphenylene-tetrakis diphosphonite (2,4-di -tert-butylphenyl) (H), 6-iso-octyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxafosfepin (C), 6-fluoro -2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenz o[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin (A), bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl) methyl phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-) phosphite butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl (G), 2,2',2"-nitrile[triethyltris(3,3'5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'- diyl) phosphite] (B), bis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) octylphosphite, poly(4,4'-{2,2'-dimethyl-5,5'-di-t-butylphenylsulfite-} octylphosphite), poly(4,4'{-isopropylidenediphenol}-octylphosphite), poly(4,4'-{isopropylidenebis[2,6-dibromophenol]}-octylphosphite), poly(4,4'-{2.2'-dimethyl-5,5'-di-tbutylphenylsulfite}-pentaerythryldiphosphite)


    Suitable organic phosphorus stabilizers are also liquid stabilizers as described in U.S. Publication No. 2010/048782 and U.S. Patent No. 7,888,414, for example, liquid P-2, P-3 and P-4 phosphites in this. Suitable liquid organic phosphorus stabilizers are also described in U.S. Publication No. 2013/0225736 and 2010/0029844 and U.S. Patent No. 7,468,410 and 8,304,477.
    Hindered phenolic antioxidants include, for example, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, the calcium salt of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid monoethyl ester, tetrakis [3-(3,5-di-di-pentaerythritol propionate) tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)] or octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate).
    [0070] The combination of an organic phosphorus stabilizer and a hindered phenolic antioxidant is in particular tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite and tetrakis [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl) pentaerythritol propionate butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)] or octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate.
    [0071] The weight:weight ratio of organic phosphorus stabilizer to hindered phenolic antioxidant is from about 9:1 to about 1:9 and ratios between, for example, about 8:1, about 7:1, about 6:1, about 5:1, about 4:1, about 3:1, about 2:1, about 1:1, about 1:2, about 1:3, about 1:4, about 1:5, about 1:6, about 1:7, or about 1:8 and ratios in between.
    Hydroxylamine stabilizers are, for example, N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-didodecyl- hydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-tetradecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-heptadecylhydroxylamine, N- hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-methyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine or preferably N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine.
    [0073] The amine oxide stabilizer is, for example, a dialkyl oxide (C16-C18) methyl amine, CAS# 204933-93-7.
    [0074] The combination of an organic phosphorus stabilizer and a dialkylhydroxylamine is in particular tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) and N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine phosphite.
    [0075] The combination of an organic phosphorus stabilizer and an amine oxide stabilizer is in particular tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite and dialkyl(C16-C18)methyl amine oxide.
    [0076] The weight:weight ratios of these two combinations are as above for the hindered combination of organic phosphorus/phenolic antioxidant.
    Antioxidants are present in total from about 0.05 to about 1.0 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate. Preferably from about 0.10 to about 0.75 percent by weight. For example, antioxidants are present at levels of about 0.20, about 0.30, about 0.40, about 0.50, about 0.60, about 0.70, about 0. 80, about 0.90 or about 1.0 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate and between levels.
    [0078] The dyes are preferably selected from the group consisting of organic pigments, inorganic pigments and mixtures thereof. Some suitable examples can be seen in Pigment Handbook, TC Patton, Ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1973. Any of the commercial pigments used in polymer-based products can be used in the present compositions such as: metal oxides, such as such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide and iron oxide, metal hydroxide, metal flakes such as aluminum flake, chromates such as lead chromate, sulfides, sulfates, carbonates, carbon black, bismuth vanadate , silica, talc, china clay, phthalocyanine blues and greens, organo reds, organo brown, pearlescent pigments and other organic pigments. If desired chromate free pigments such as barium metaborate, zinc phosphate, aluminum triphosphate and mixtures thereof can also be used.
    [0079] Some useful pigments include CI Pigments: Black 12, Black 26, Black 28, Black 30, Blue 15.0, Blue 15.3 (G), Blue 15.3 (R), Blue 28, Blue 36, Blue 385, Brown 24 , Brown 29, Brown 33, Brown 10P850, Green 7 (Y), Green 7 (B), Green 17, Green 26, Green 50, Violet 14, Violet 16, Yellow 1, Yellow 3, Yellow 12, Yellow 13, Yellow 14, Yellow 17, Yellow 62, Yellow 74, Yellow 83, Yellow 164, Yellow 53, Red 2, Red 3 (Y), Red 3 (B), Red 4, Red 48.1, Red 48.2, Red 48.3, Red 48.4, Red 52.2, Red 49.1, Red 53.1, Red 57.1 (Y), Red 57.1 (B), Red 112, Red 146, Red 170 (Type F5RK) Bluer, CI Pigment Orange 5, Pigment Orange 13, Pigment Orange 34, Pigment Orange 23 (R) and Pigment Orange 23 (B). Some useful organic pigments include: Pigment Yellow 151, Pigment Yellow 154, Pigment Yellow 155, Pigment Red 8, Pigment Red 8, Pigment Red 49.2, Pigment Red 81, Pigment Red 169, Pigment Blue 1, Pigment Violet 1, Pigment Violet 3, Pigment Violet 27, Pigment Red 122, Pigment Violet 19. Some useful inorganic pigments include Medium Chromium, Lemon Chromium, Evening Chromium, Scarlet Chromium, and Zinc Chromate.
    The present organic pigments are preferably selected from the group consisting of phthalocyanines, perylenes, azo compounds, isoindolines, quinophthalones, diketopyrrolopyrroles, quinacridones, dioxazines and indantrones. Pigments blue are, for example, from the classes of indanthrone and copper phthalocyanine, for example, Pigment Blue 60, Pigment Blue 15:1, Pigment Blue 15:3, Pigment Blue 15:4 and Pigment Blue 15:6. Green pigments are, for example, from the copper phthalocyanine class, for example, Pigment Green 7 and Pigment Green 36. The Magenta Pigments are, for example, from the quinacridone class, for example, 2,9-dichloro quinacridone, Pigment Red 202. Red pigments are, for example, of the quinacridone class, for example, dimethyl quinacridone, Pigment Red 122, or of the perylene class, for example, Pigment Red 149, Pigment Red 178 and Pigment Red 179, or of the class of diketopyrrolopyrrole, eg Pigment Red 254 and Pigment Red 264. Yellow pigments are, for example, from the classes of pteridine, isoindolinone and isoindoline, eg Pigment Yellow 215, Pigment Yellow 110 and Pigment Yellow 139. Orange pigments are from the class of isoindolinone or diketopyrrolopyrrole, for example, Pigment Orange 61, Pigment Orange 71 and Pigment Orange 73. Pigments Violet are, for example, from the class of quinacridone, for example pigment Violet 19 or of the dioxazine class, for example pigment Violet 23 or pigment Violet 37. Advantageously, mixtures of pigments can be used.
    The dyes are present in total from about 0.10 to about 3.0 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate. Preferably from about 0.2 to about 1.0 percent by weight. For example, dyes are present at levels of about 0.3, about 0.4, about 0.5, about 0.6, about 0.7, about 0.8, or about 0. 9 percent by weight, based on weight of polyolefin substrate and between tiers.
    [0082] The fillers can be particulate or fibrous and organic or inorganic.
    [0083] Particulate organic fillers include wood flour, cork, nutshell, starch, polymers, carbon and proteins.
    [0084] Fillers can include natural or synthetic organic wood fibers, lignin-free or nearly lignin-free cellulose, linen, jute, hemp, kenaf, rice husks, abaca, wool, carbon, aramid fibers, nylons, polyesters and /or combinations thereof.
    [0085] Inorganic particulate fillers include glass, calcium carbonate, beryllium oxide, iron oxide, magnesia, magnesium carbonate, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zirconia, hydrated alumina, antimony oxide, metallic powders, silica, silicates, organo-nanoclays, clays, barium ferrite, silicon carbide and potassium titanate.
    [0086] Inorganic fibrous fillers include glass, mineral wool, calcium sulfate, potassium titanate, boron, alumina and metals.
    [0087] Inorganic fillers also include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carboxylate stearates or sulfates. Preferably the inorganic fillers are dolomite, silica, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, talcs (magnesium silicates), vermiculite, diatomite, perlite, wollastonite, fly ash, kaolin clay, mica or various titanium dioxides including surface treated titanium dioxide.
    [0088] Preferably, the fillers are calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, talc, wollastonite or fly ash.
    [0089] Fillers are present in total from about 5 to about 60 or about 70 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate. Preferably from about 10 to about 50 or from about 15 to about 40 percent by weight, for example, fillers are present at about 10, about 20, about 25, about 30, about 35 or about 45 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate and between levels.
    [0090] Suitable flame retardants include chlorinated flame retardants, bromide flame retardants, phosphorus-based flame retardants, metal hydroxide compounds, melamine-based compounds, antimony compounds, borate compounds, other metal containing retardants of flame and combinations of these.
    [0091] Chlorinated flame retardants are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,472,456, 5,393,812, 7,230,042 and 7,786,199. Chlorinated flame retardants are, for example, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphite, bis-(hexachlorocycloentadene) cyclooctane, tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate, tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, sodium phosphate bis(2-chloroethyl)vinyl, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, tris(chloropropyl)phosphate, tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, tris(chloropropyl)phosphate, polychlorinated biphenyls, mixtures of monomeric chloroethyl phosphonates and high-boiling phosphonates, tris(2,3 -dichloropropyl)phosphate, chlorendic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid, poly-β-chloroethyl triphosphonate mixture, bis(hexachlorocyclopentadiene)cyclooctane (DECLORANE PLUS), chlorinated paraffins and hexachlorocyclopentadiene derivatives.
    Bromide flame retardants include tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its derivatives such as esters, ethers and oligomers1, eg tetrabromophthalate esters, bis(2,3-dibromopropyloxy)tetrabromobisphenol A, bromide based carbonate oligomers TBBPA, epoxy bromide oligomers based on the condensation of TBBPA and epichlorohydrin and copolymers of TBBPA and 1,2-dibromoethane; dibromobenzoic acid, dibromostyrene (DBS) and their derivatives; ethylenebromobistetrabromophthalimide, dibromoneopentyl glycol, dibromocyclooctane, trisbromoneopentanol, tris(tribromophenyl)triazine, 2,3-dibromopropanol, tribromoaniline, tribromophenol, tetrabromocyclopentane, tetrabromobiphenyl ether, tetrabromodipentaerythritol, tetrabromodipentaerythritol, decabromodipentabromophenylether, pentabromophenyl,pentaphenylic ether, pentabromophenyl,pentaphenylic ether , pentabromophenyl benzoate, pentabromoethylbenzene, hexabromocyclohexane, hexabromocyclooctane, hexabromocyclodecane, hexabromocyclododecane, hexabromobenzene, hexabromobiphenyl, octabromobiphenyl, octabromodiphenyl oxide, poly(pentabromobenzyl acrylate), octabromodiphenylether, tetrabromodiphenylether, bistetrabromodiphenylether, bistetrabromodiphenylether, bis (tetrabromophthalimido)ethane, bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane, bromide polystyrene, bromide epoxy oligomer, polypentabromobenzyl acrylate, dibromopropylacrylate, dibromohexachlorocyclopentadiene cyclooctane, N'-ethyl(bis)dibromononboranedicarboximide, tetrabrombisphenol S, N'N'-ethylbis(dibromononbornene)dicarboximide, bis(2,3-dibromo-1-propyl) phthalate of hexachlorocyclopentadiene, bromide-like phosphates similar to bis( 2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate and tris(tribromoneopentyl)phosphate and tris(dichlorobromopropyl), N,N'-ethylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide), diol[2-hydroxypropyl-oxy-2-2-hydroxyethyl] tetrabromophthalic acid - ethyltetrabromophthalate], vinyl bromide, polypentabromobenzyl acrylate, polybromide dibenzo-p-dioxins, tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)-isocyanurate, ethylene-bis-tetrabromophthalimide and tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate.
    Suitable examples of commercially available bromide flame retardants include polybromide diphenyl oxide (DE-60F), decabromodiphenyl oxide (decabromodiphenyl ether) (DBDPO; SAYTEX® 102E), tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis (bromomethyl)propyl]phosphate (PB 370®, FMC Corp. or FR 370, ICL/Ameribrom), tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, tetrabromophthalic acid, bis(N,N'-hydroxyethyl)tetrachlorphenylene diamine, tetrabromobisphenol Bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (PE68), bromide epoxy resin, ethylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide) (SAYTEX® BT-93), octabromodiphenyl ether, 1,2-bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane (FF680), tetrabromo- bisphenol A (SAYTEX® RB100), ethylene bis(dibromo-norbornanedicarboximide) (SAYTEX® BN-451), tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)-isocyanurate, hexabromocyclododecane, bromide polystyrene and Chemtura's EMERALD INNOVATION series, for example, EMERALD INNOVATION 1000.
    The organobromide flame retardant is preferably decabromodiphenyl ether or tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl phosphate].
    [0095] Antimony trioxide (ATO) can be used, especially together with a halogenated flame retardant present, ie a bromide flame retardant. Combinations of antimony trioxide with decabromodiphenyl ether or tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl] phosphate are preferred.
    Phosphorus-based flame retardants include those described, for example, in U.S. Publication No. 2003/0220422, 2014/0005289, 2011/0257310 and 2014/0005289 and U.S. Patent No. 3,966,894. 4,079,035. 4,107,108. 4,108,805. 4,174,343. 4,228,063. 6,265,599. 6,528,559. 6,740,695. 7,786,199 and 8,349,925. Phosphorus-based fire retardant includes phosphazene compounds, triphenyl phosphates, phosphate esters, phosphonium derivatives, phosphonates, phosphoric acid esters and phosphate esters. Phosphorus-based fire retardants are usually composed of a phosphate core which is attached to the alkyl (usually straight chain) or aryl (aromatic ring) groups. Examples include phosphorus red, inorganic phosphates, insoluble ammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, urea ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium orthophosphate, ammonium carbonate phosphate, urea ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, melamine ammonium phosphate, diethylenediamine polyphosphate , dicyandiamide polyphosphate, polyphosphate, urea phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, melamine orthophosphate, dimethyl methyl phosphonate melamine salt, dimethyl hydrogen phosphite melamine salt, boron polyphosphate ammonium salt, phosphonate urea salt of dimethyl methyl, organophosphates, phosphonates and phosphine oxide. Phosphate esters include, for example, trialkyl derivatives such as triethyl phosphate, tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, triaryl derivatives such as triphenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate and diphenyl phosphate. tricresyl and aryl-alkyl derivatives such as 2-ethylhexyl-diphenyl phosphate and dimethyl-aryl phosphates, octylphenyl phosphate and ethylene diamine phosphates.
    [0097] Other examples of phosphorus based fire retardants include resorcinol-bis-diphenylphosphate, guanidine phenylphosphonate, melamine phenylphosphonate, dimethylaluminum phosphinate, methyl-ethylaluminum phosphinate, diethylaluminumphosphinate, poly-[2,4-(piperazine-1, 4-yl)-6-morpholin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine], aluminum polyphosphate, methylamine boron phosphate, cyanuramide phosphate, magnesium phosphate, dimethyl ethanolamine phosphate, pentaerythritol-di- methylphosphonate, cyclic phosphonate ester, trialkyl phosphonates, potassium ammonium phosphate, cyanuramide phosphate, aniline phosphate, trimethylphosphoramide, tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine oxide, bis(5,5-dimethyl-2-thiono-1, 3,2-dioxaphosphorinamyl)oxide, dimethylphosphono-N-hydroxymethyl-3-propionamide, tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium salts such as tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) sulfate phosphonium, n-hydroxymethyl-3-(dimethylphosphono)-propionamide, a melamine salt of boron polyphosphate, an ammonium salt of boron polyphosphate, triphenyl phosphite, dimethyl ammonium phosphate, melamine orthophosphate, urea ammonium phosphate, melamine ammonium phosphate, a dimethyl methyl phosphonate melamine salt, a melamine salt of dimethyl hydrogen phosphite and others.
    [0098] Metal hydroxide fire retardants include inorganic hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) and hydroxycarbonate.
    [0099] Melamine-based fire retardants are a family of non-halogenated flame retardants that include three chemical groups: (a) melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5 triazine); (b) melamine derivatives (including salts with organic or inorganic acids such as boric acid, cyanuric acid, phosphoric acid or pyro/poly-phosphoric acid); and (c) melamine homologues. Melamine derivatives include, for example, melamine cyanurate (a salt of melamine and cyanuric acid), melamine mono-phosphate (a salt of melamine and phosphoric acid), melamine pyrophosphate and melamine polyphosphate. Melamine homologues include melam (1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6-triamino-n-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin--2-yl), melem (2, 5,8-triamino 1,3,4,6,7,9,9b-heptaazaphenalene) and melon (poly[8-amino-1,3,4,6,7,9,9b-heptaazaphenalene-2,5- diyl).
    [00100] Melamine based flame retardants are also melamine compounds/polyol condensates. For example, as described in U.S. Application No. 10/539,097 (published as WO 2004/055029) and U.S. Publication No. 2010/152376, where the polyol is a linear or branched or cyclic trihydric, tetrahydric, pentahydric or hexahydric alcohol or a C4-C6 aldose or linear or cyclic ketose and where the melamine compound is melamine phosphate , melamine pyrophosphate or melamine polyphosphate. The polyol is preferably pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol. The melamine compound is preferably melamine phosphate. The molar ratio of melamine compound to polyol is preferably from about 1:1 to about 4:1. The condensate may further have incorporated therein a dendritic polymer substituted by hydroxy groups, for example a dendritic polyester or dendritic polyamide. A dendritic polyester is preferably a product of an initiator compound selected from the group consisting of trimethiolpropane, pentaerythritol and ethoxylated pentaerythritol and chain-extending dimethylpropionic acid. A dendritic polyamide is preferably a polycondensate of a cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride and diisopropanolamine.
    [00101] The borate fire retardant compounds include zinc borate, borax (sodium borate), ammonium borate and calcium borate. Zinc borate is a boron-based fire retardant having the chemical composition xZnOyB2O3^zH2O. Zinc borate can be used alone, or in conjunction with other chemical compounds such as alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide or phosphorus red. This acts through the zinc halide or zinc oxyhalide, which accelerates the decomposition of halogen sources and promotes the formation of carbon.
    [00102] Examples of other metal containing flame retardant substances, which can be used alone or in combination with other flame retardant substances, include, but are not limited to, magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, talc, alumina hydrate , zinc oxide, alumina trihydrate, magnesium alumina, calcium silicate, sodium silicate, zeolite, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, ammonium molybdate, iron oxide, copper oxide, zinc phosphate, sodium chloride zinc, clay, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, tin, molybdenum and zinc.
    [00103] Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is also considered as an anti-drip agent that can provide additional flame retardancy to the composition.
    [00104] Silicon-based materials are also included that are, for example, straight-chain or branched-chain type silicone with (hydroxy or methoxy) or without reactive functional groups (saturated hydrocarbons).
    [00105] Suitable flame retardants are also those of US Patent Applications 61/739842 and 61/835893, published as WO2014/099397, for example a combination of one or more bismuth compounds selected from the group consisting of bismuth oxychloride. bismuth, bismuth oxyfluoride, bismuth oxybromide, bismuth oxyiodide and bismuth oxynitrate and one or more organobromine flame retardants.
    [00106] Preferably, the flame retardant is melamine polyphosphate, pentaerythritol-di-methylphosphonate, ammonium polyphosphate or a condensate of melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol.
    [00107] Flame retardants are present in total from about 0.5% to about 70% by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate, preferably from about 1% to about 50% by weight or more preferably from about 1% to about 40% by weight or from about 15% to about 50% by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate. Flame retardants are present at levels of about 3, about 5, about 7, about 9, about 11, about 13, about 15, about 17, about 19, about 21, about 23, about 25, about 27, about 29, about 31, about 33, about 35, about 37, or about 39 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate and in between. levels.
    Suitable antimicrobial compounds are described in U.S. Publication No. 2008/0306183.
    [00109] Antimicrobial compounds are, for example, o-benzyl-phenol, 2-benzyl-4-chloro-phenol, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, 4,4'-dichloro-ether 2-hydroxydiphenyl, 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-diphenyl-methane, mono-chloro-o-benzyl-phenol, 2,2'-methylenbis-(4-chloro-phenol) or 2,4,6-trichlorophenol.
    [00110] Suitable inorganic antimicrobial compounds are selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, copper and copper compounds, colloidal silver, silver nitrate, silver sulfate, silver chloride, silver complexes, metal-containing zeolites and zeolites containing surface modified metal.
    [00111] Metal-containing zeolites are those as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,775,585, 4,911,898, 4,911,899, 6,071,542 or 6,585,989.
    [00112] Preferably, the antimicrobial compounds comprise a form of silver, eg a silver compound, a silver dispersion or a supported silver (e.g. silver supported on a zeolite or on a glass), elemental silver, elemental silver on micro or nano scale, elemental silver dispersed in silicone oil (polymethyldisiloxane), silver chloride, silver nitrate, silver sulfate, silver phosphate, silver zirconate, or silver apatite.
    Antimicrobials are also, for example, 3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-1,3,5-2H-thiodiazin-2-thione, bis-tributyltin oxide, 4,5-dichlor-2-n -octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, N-butyl-benzisothiazoline, 10,10'-oxybisphenoxyarsine, zinc-2-pyridinthiol-1-oxide, 2-methylthio-4-cyclopropylamino-6-(α,β-dimethylpropylamino )-s-triazine, 2-methylthio-4-cyclopropylamino-6-tert-butylamino-s-triazine or 2-methylthio-4-ethylamino-6-(α,β-dimethylpropylamino)-s-triazine, ether 2,4 ,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl, 3-idodino-2-propenyl-butylcarbamate (IPBC or iodopropynyl butylcarbamate), carbendazim or thiabendazole.
    Antimicrobials are present from about 0.001 percent by weight to about 5.0 percent by weight, preferably from about to about 0.01 to about 4.0 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate, more preferably from about 0.02 to about 2.0 percent by weight. For example, antimicrobials are present at weight levels of about 0.05, about 0.10, about 0.20, about 0.30, about 0.40, about 0.50, about 0.60, about 0.70, about 0.80, about 0.90, about 1.0, about 1.1, about 1.2, about 1.3, about 1, 4, about 1.5, about 1.6, about 1.7, about 1.8, or about 1.9 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate and between levels.
    [00115] Additional additives may also be present in the inventive compositions. Additional additives can be present from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 10 percent by weight, based on the polyolefin substrate. Preferably from about 0.2 to about 5.0 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate.
    [00116] Additional additives include benzofuranone stabilizers, for example those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,325,863. 4,338,244. 5,175,312. 5,216,052. 5,252,643 5,369,159 5,356,966 5,367,008 5,428,177 or 5,428,162 or U.S. Publication No. 2012/0238677 or 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2 -stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-one, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one], 5,7 -di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one, 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2- one, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert- butyl-benzofuran-2-one, 3-(2-acetyl-5-iso-octylphenyl)-5-iso-octylbenzofuran-2-one and 3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert- butylbenzofuran-2-one. Benzofuranone stabilizers are also described in U.S. Patent No. 8,653,284. 7,601,853 and 7,390,912 and U.S. Publication No. 2012/238677.
    [00117] Additional additives also include antistatic agents, anti-scratch agents, slip agents, polymer processing aids and others. Additional additives include metal salts of fatty acids, for example calcium, magnesium, zinc or aluminum stearate. Additional additives also include thiosynergists, for example, dilauryl thiodipropionate or distearyl thiodipropionate.
    [00118] Acrylic processing aids such as all acrylic or nearly all acrylic production aids such as Dow's PARALOID K 125 are suitable. Acrylic production aids are, for example, discussed in U.S. Publication Nos. 2009111915 and 2012189837 and U.S. Patent No. 8,124,664. Acrylic production aids are, for example, copolymers of a blend of acrylic monomers or copolymers of an acrylic monomer or blend of acrylic monomers with one or more additional monomers. Copolymers are generally in powder form and have a molecular weight, Mw, of from about 500,000 to about 9,000,000.
    [00119] Acrylic monomers include all monomeric acrylic or methacrylic esters of tertiary alkyl alcohols, with the alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or alternatively 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Suitable acrylate monomers include, but are not limited to, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate and dodecyl acrylate. Aromatic acrylates (eg, benzyl acrylate) are also useful. Suitable methacrylate monomers include, but are not limited to, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, octadecyl methacrylate methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate and dodecyl methacrylate. The content of the acrylic monomers is in the range of from about 60 to 100% by weight and alternatively from about 70 to about 90% by weight of the total monomers of the acrylic copolymer processing aid.
    [00120] Examples of additional monomers copolymerizable with these include benzyl acrylate and phenyl acrylate; aromatic vinyl compounds such as styrene, α-methylstyrene and vinyltoluene; vinyl cyanide compounds such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate; and acid anhydrides such as maleic anhydride. The other copolymerizable monomers can also be used alone or in a mixture of two or more. The content of other monomers is in the range of from 0 to about 40% by weight and alternatively from about 10 to about 30% by weight of the total monomers.
    [00121] Furthermore, multifunctional monomers such as divinylbenzene, allyl methacrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate and triallyl cyanurate can be used as constituents of the acrylic processing aid. The content of these monomers can range from 0.001 to about 2.0% by weight and alternatively from about 0.2 to about 1.0% by weight, based on total monomers.
    [00122] The Tg of the acrylic processing aid is, for example, from about -50°C to about 130°C, for example from about 40°C to about 130°C. The Mw of the processing aid is, for example, from about 500,000 to about 9,000,000, from about 1,000,000 to about 8,000,000, or from about 2,000,000 to about 7,000,000.
    [00123] Acrylic production aids are, for example, used at a weight level of from about 0.5% to about 15%, from about 1% to about 12% or from about 1% to about 10%, based on the weight of the polyolefin. The acrylic processing aid can be used at a weight level of about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8% or about 9%, based on the weight of the polyolefin.
    [00124] A further object of the invention is a polyolefin composition comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein an acrylic processing aid.
    [00125] Additional additives also include compatibilizers or dispersion aids, for example, PE or PP grafted by grafted maleic anhydride, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene acrylic acid and others.
    [00126] The polymer components of the present polyolefin compositions consist essentially of the polyolefin substrate. Generally, no other polymer is present, however the possibility of certain additive amounts of polymeric additives such as compatibilizers and others. That is, the polyolefin substrate is >90% by weight, >92% by weight, >94% by weight, >96% by weight or >98% by weight of the polymeric components of the polyolefin compositions.
    [00127] The present compositions pass or exceed the following industry standard tests.
    [00128] The present compositions exhibit an impact force of > 35 inlb (3.95 Nm) measured in accordance with ASTM D4226, linear thermal expansion coefficient of < 4.5 x 10E-05 in/in/ft (0.00147637795 m-1) measured in accordance with ASTM D696 and optionally acceptable color uniformity in finished sidings in accordance with ASTM D6864 and/or acceptable low delta E color for the intended application in accordance with ASTM D2244 and/or a rating of V-1 or V-0 in accordance with UL-94 Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, 5th Ed., October 29, 1996 and/or a flame propagation index of <200 measured in accordance with ASTM E-84.
    [00129] For example, the present compositions exhibit an impact force of > 60 in-lb (6.78 Nm) in accordance with ASTM D4226, e.g., > 55 in-lb (6.21 Nm), > 50 in -lb (5.65Nm), >45 in-lb (5.08Nm) or >40 inlb (4.52Nm).
    [00130] For example, the intended application is external use as siding panels for the house, soffit, profiles or roof. In particular, the compositions are useful as siding panels for home (siding). An acceptable low delta E color is, for example, < 8.0, < 7.5, < 7.0, < 6.5, < 6.0, < 5.5, < 5.0, < 4.5 , < 4.0, < 3.5, < 3.0, < 2.5, < 2.0, < 1.5 or < 1.0.
    [00131] The incorporation of the present components a) - g) and optional additional additives in the polyolefin substrate is carried out by known methods, for example, before or after molding or also for applying the dissolved or dispersed additive mixture to the polyolefin, with or without subsequent evaporation of the solvent. The present components a) - g) and optional additional additives can also be added to a polyolefin in the form of an additive plastic compound which contains the additives in a concentration of, for example, about 2.5% to about 40% in weight, based on the total weight of the additivated plastic compound. In the form of an additivated plastic compound, the polymer of the additivated plastic compound need not be the same as the polyolefin substrate.
    [00132] The molding is carried out with known mixing machines, for example, mixers, kneaders or extruders.
    [00133] The present components a) - g) and optional additional additives can be pre-mixed or individually added.
    The present components a) - g) and optional additional additives can also be added before or during polymerization or before crosslinking.
    [00135] The present components a) - g) and optional additional additives can be incorporated into the polymer to be made flame retardant in pure form or encapsulated in waxes, oils or polymers.
    [00136] The present components a) - g) and optional additional additives can also be sprayed onto the polyolefin substrate. These are capable of diluting other additives or their melts so that these can be sprayed together with these additives in the polyolefin as well. The addition by spraying during deactivation of a polymerization catalyst is particularly advantageous, it being possible to carry out the spraying using, for example, the steam used for deactivation.
    [00137] In particular, the present additives of components a) - g) are incorporated into the thermoplastic polyolefin substrate by melt combination in an extruder. That is, the present compositions are melt extruded and the final articles are prepared by melt extrusion.
    [00138] The present additives of components a) - g) can be added together or separately.
    [00139] Generally, the present process includes measuring the raw materials by weight followed by dry blending the raw ingredients. The mixture is fed to a screw extruder at a constant feed rate to extrude the material into a desired shape. The product can be etched to provide a desired surface texture followed by water cooling, drying and ornamentation to make the final product.
    [00140] The benefits of producing polyolefin siding through profile extrusion compared to injection molding of panel siding include:
    [00141] Extrusion is a continuous process where the polymer leaves a die forming a linear shaped blade of any relevant length before cutting into suitable lengths for eventual installation. Injection molding is a batch process with more “cycle time” and less favorable economics considering the volume of polymer converted to form the article per unit of time.
    [00142] In the case of counter-rotating twin screw machines used in profile extrusion, a uniform head pressure is created that enables articles of consistent thickness and volume to be produced.
    [00143] Twin screw machines in general allow the flexibility and economic benefit to blend the combination and mix various additives, colorants, fillers etc. and directly produce a finished profile siding article. In contrast, the injection molding process is not as complete as a mixing machine, hence a time consuming and additional costly pre-composition step is required to mix the additives and fillers into the base polymer resin prior to feeding said resin injection molding machine. While additional pre-compound components can be added to an injection molding machine this again requires a separate pre-composition step and the use of the multiple material feeders in the injection molding machine for the various pre-compound components.
    [00144] The present compositions are especially useful as a house siding, external cladding, soffit or roof.
    [00145] The present siding panels can be embossed as explained in U.S. Patent No. 5,284,693 and 5,662,977. Alternatively, a process in accordance with U.S. Patent No. 6,823,794 can be used where curable inks are applied to an extruded sheet to produce a visual effect. Also a process in accordance with U.S. Publication No. 2007/092701 can be used.
    Accordingly, an article of manufacture comprising the present polyolefin compositions is also described. In particular, the article of manufacture is house siding, outer cladding, soffit or roof.
    [00147] The present formulations can be extruded into a monolithic single layer article.
    [00148] Alternatively, the present article may be a multilayer article formed, for example, by means of co-extrusion, thermoforming or lamination. A present multilayer article contains at least one layer consisting of the present polyolefin composition. Preferably, a present multilayer article contains a present polyolefin composition as a coating and/or base layer.
    [00149] The multilayer article may comprise a base layer and a coating layer covering a base layer. The multilayer article may comprise a base layer and a protective layer that overlies the base layer. The multi-layer article may comprise a base layer, a coating layer and a protective layer.
    [00150] The base layer consists of a polyolefin composition. Additional "bonding layers" may be present to provide adhesion between dissimilar polymer layers in a multilayer article. The cladding layer faces the outside of the house and is exposed to the environment. The protective layer faces the interior of the house.
    [00151] Bonding layers are especially useful for adhesion of dissimilar polymers or similar polymers of different viscosity or molecular weights, for example, to such polymers present in the coating and base layer respectively. Examples of the joining layer materials include a polyolefin, e.g. a polypropylene or polyethylene homopolymer, copolymer etc. and a graft or block polyolefin co- or ter-polymer. Examples are olefinic block polymers useful as compatibilizers described above.
    [00152] The coating layer may be comprised of the same polymer as the base layer or may be comprised of another material such as an acrylic, a styrenic such as acrylonitrile-styrene acrylate (ASA) or PVC. The coating layer or cover layer can provide durability against environmental exposure, ie sunlight, rain and thermal cycling. Such durability can be evidenced by adequate gloss retention, surface appearance and color stability.
    [00153] The protective layer is useful as an insulating layer, to enhance structural rigidity, dimensional stability and/or impact strength. Such reinforcing material can be a foamed organic polymer such as polyurethane, or it can be a polyolefin of similar or different composition to the base layer. The protective layer can be applied to the base layer by means of co-extrusion, lamination or adhesive or mechanical bonding. Examples of foamed protective layers for siding are explained in U.S. Patent No. 6,590,004 and 8,061,097.
    [00154] Examples of multilayer articles are described in U.S. Publication No. 2010/330272, 2007/092701, 2008/182074 and 2006/0013994 and U.S. Patent No. 8,006,455.
    [00155] The monolithic siding of the present invention is, for example, from about 12 feet (3.66 m) to about 25 feet (7.62 m) in length, from about 6 inches (15.24 cm) to about 10 inches (25.4 cm) wide and from about 0.035 inches (0.89 mm) to about 0.055 inches (1.40 mm) thick.
    [00156] The thickness of the present monolithic articles or the base layer of a multilayer article is about 0.030 (0.76 mm), about 0.032 (0.81 mm), about 0.034 (0.86 mm), about 0.036 (0.91 mm), about 0.038 (0.96 mm), about 0.040 (1.02 mm), about 0.042 (1.07 mm), about 0.044 (1.12 mm), about 0.046 (1.17 mm), about 0.048 (1.22 mm), about 0.050 (1.27 mm), about 0.052 (1.32 mm), about 0.054 (1.37 mm), about 0.056 (1.42 mm), about 0.58 (1.47 mm), about 0.60 (1.52 mm), about 0.62 (1.57 mm), about 0. 64 (1.62 mm), about 0.66 (1.67 mm), about 0.68 (1.72 mm), or about 0.70 inches (1.77 mm), and between tiers.
    [00157] A moderately thin siding article is much lighter and less labor intensive to install. In the situation where a siding of this invention has a back face material, it is conceivable to decrease the gauge of the front face siding material to a thinner cross section, has less weight, but still has adequate rigidity to allow easy installation compared to especially the large square area and heavier polyolefin injection molded siding.
    [00158] One inch is 1000 mils (25.4 mm).
    [00159] The monolithic siding of the present invention, for example, a monolithic polyolefin siding comprising such a polyolefin substrate polyolefin homopolymer or copolymer optionally combined with a polyethylene homopolymer or copolymer, where a combination may further contain a compatibilizer that exhibits a weight of about 0.19 lbs/ft2 (9.10 Pa). This is for the unfilled polymer. For filled polymer, siding that exhibits a weight of about 0.20 lbs/ft2 (9.57 Pa) to about 0.30 lbs/ft2 (14.36 Pa). The present monolithic siding articles exhibited a weight of about 0.18 lbs/ft2 (8.62 Pa), about 0.19 lbs/ft2 (9.09 Pa), about 0.20 lbs/ft2 (9 .57 Pa), about 0.21 (10.05 Pa), about 0.22 (10.52 Pa), about 0.23 (10.99 Pa), about 0.24 (11.46 Pa) Pa), about 0.25 (11.93 Pa), about 0.26 (12.40 Pa), about 0.27 (12.87 Pa), about 0.28 (13.34 Pa), about of 0.29 (13.81 Pa), about 0.30 (14.28 Pa), about 0.31 (14.75 Pa), about 0.32 (15.22 Pa), about 0. 33 (15.69 Pa), about 0.34 (16.16 Pa) or about 0.35 lbs/ft2 (16.63 Pa) and between levels.
    [00160] The description will also adjust a base layer of a multi-layer article.
    [00161] Accordingly, also object of the present invention is an unfilled or filled polyolefin side article, which article comprises a polyolefin substrate and which has a weight of about 0.18 lbs/ft2 (8.62 Pa) to about 0.35 lbs/ft2 and where the article has an impact force of > 35 in-lb (3.95 Nm) measured in accordance with ASTM D4226, coefficient of linear thermal expansion < 4.5 x 10E-05 in /in/ft (0.00147637795 m-1) measured in accordance with ASTM D696 and optionally acceptable color uniformity in finished sidings in accordance with ASTM D6864 and/or acceptable low delta E color for the intended application in accordance with ASTM D2244 and/or a UL-94 V-1 or V-0 rating and/or a flame spread index of < 200 measured in accordance with ASTM E-84.
    [00162] Coextrusion is a process where the structure of multiple layers is simultaneously manufactured. This type of extrusion uses two or more extruders to often fuse and release different viscous plastics into a single extrusion die that will extrude the materials into the desired shape. Co-extrusion technology is used in any number of processes including blown film, jacket, pipe and sheet including profiles. Specific to construction markets, co-extrusion is selected to produce items such as vinyl fences, window profiles or building siding, in cases where such items are expected to withstand many years of service life where exposure to weathering free and sunlight occurs. These articles are often composed of a thin outer “coating” layer of polymeric compound that contains weather resistant additives and is extruded into an identical or different polymeric compound that provides more impact strength and structural rigidity (“base layer”). The base layer must contain the same or different levels of weather resistant additives, colorants, fillers, flame retardants, and others. The base layer must still be adhered at its later stage any way from other structural reinforcement materials, barrier materials to high or low density materials from pure plastic to foamed cellular plastics. Alternatively the base layer itself must be a foamed polymeric structure, providing a substantial amount of structural rigidity, strength and insulating properties. Compositions of this invention include base layer builders composed of foamed polyolefins including polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polyurethanes, vinyl chloride polymers and copolymers.
    [00163] Examples of co-extruded compositions suitable for siding articles include but are not limited to polyolefin coating materials such as a polypropylene homo- or copolymer or a polyethylene homo- or copolymer with the same or different base layer of polypropylene or polyethylene, such base layer optionally can be a foamed composition or optionally has a separate foamed polypropylene or polyethylene backing layer prepared by an integrated co-extrusion operation or a post-lamination process.
    [00164] Coating materials can be dissimilar to the base layer, such as acrylics (polymerized forms of methacrylate esters as homopolymers or copolymers) available as ACRILIGARD, SOLARKOTE, LURAN and GELOY, terpolymers including "ASA" poly(acrylonitrile-styrene -acrylate), vinyl chloride polymers or copolymers or combinations thereof.
    [00165] The coating layer may optionally contain any or all of UV absorbers, hindered amine stabilizers, dyes, flame retardants, antimicrobial additives, nucleating agents.
    [00166] Other base layer materials may comprise acrylics and vinyl chloride polymers and copolymers as described above. Such base layers optionally can be a foamed composition or optionally have a separate foamed polypropylene or polyethylene protective face layer prepared by the integrated coextrusion or post-lamination operation processes.
    [00167] Each of the U.S. Patents, U.S. Published Patent Applications, and U.S. Patent Applications cited herein are therefore incorporated by reference.
    [00168] The term "one" when referring to a component is synonymous with "one or more".
    [00169] The term "about" refers to the variation of what occurs, for example, up to typical measurement and manual procedures; through inadvertent error in these procedures; through differences in manufacture, source, or purity of ingredients used; through differences in the methods used; and others. The term "about" also encompasses amounts that differ due to different equilibrium conditions for a composition resulting from a particular initial blend.
    [00170] Whether or not modified by the term "about", the embodiments and claims include equivalents to the amounts cited.
    [00171] All numerical values herein are modified by the terms "about," whether or not explicitly stated. The term "about" generally refers to a range of numbers that a person skilled in the art should consider equivalent to the quoted value (ie, having the same function and/or result). In many examples, the term "about" may include numbers that are rounded to the nearest significant figure.
    [00172] A value modified by the term "about" of course includes the specific value. For example, "about 5.0" should include 5.0.
    The present compositions and articles offer unexpected advantages in the siding of common materials such as PVC, wood, HARDIE BOARD, aluminum, etc. Comprehensive polyolefin compositions and articles that are cost effective and durable for external use are described. These display the following: Molded - in color - no paint required. Wider and brighter color range. Can be made to resemble natural wood siding. Low maintenance and longer life than wood siding. Environmentally friendly - chlorine free. More sustainable - 100% recyclable. Will not rust or corrode. Less warping compared to PVC when exposed to heat, light and oxygen.
    [00174] The following are some modalities of the description.
    Modality 1. A polyolefin composition comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein one or more additives selected from the group consisting of a) one or more ultraviolet light absorbers, b) one or more hindered amine light stabilizers, and c ) one or more antioxidants, where the composition has an impact strength of > 35 in-lb (3.95 Nm) measured in accordance with ASTM D4226, linear thermal expansion coefficient of < 4.5 x 10E-05in/in/ft ( 0.00147637795 m-1) measured in accordance with ASTM D696 and optionally acceptable color uniformity in finished sidings in accordance with ASTM D6864 and/or acceptable low delta E color for the intended application in accordance with ASTM D2244 and/or a classification UL-94 V-1 or V-0 and/or a flame propagation index of < 200 measured in accordance with ASTM E-84.
    Modality 2. A polyolefin composition according to modality 1 comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein a) one or more ultraviolet light absorbers, b) one or more hindered amine light stabilizers, and c) one or more antioxidants.
    Modality 3. A polyolefin composition according to modality 1 comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein a) one or more ultraviolet light absorbers, b) one or more hindered amine light stabilizers, c) one or more antioxidants , d) one or more colorants and e) one or more fillers.
    Modality 4. A polyolefin composition according to modality 1 comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein a) one or more ultraviolet light absorbers, b) one or more hindered amine light stabilizers, c) one or more antioxidants , d) one or more dyes, e) one or more fillers and f) one or more flame retardants.
    Modality 5. A polyolefin composition according to modality 1 comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein a) one or more ultraviolet light absorbers, b) one or more hindered amine light stabilizers, c) one or more antioxidants, d) one or more dyes, e) one or more fillers, f) one or more flame retardants, and g) one or more antimicrobial compounds.
    Modality 6. A polyolefin composition according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the polyolefin substrate is polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene/propylene copolymer, a mixture of polypropylene and polyethylene or a mixture of different types of polyethylene.
    Modality 7. A polyolefin composition according to any one of embodiments 1-5 where the polyolefin substrate is a homopolymer or copolymer of propylene, optionally combined with a homopolymer or copolymer of polyethylene where the combination may further contain a compatibilizer .
    [00182] Modality 8. A polyolefin composition according to any of the foregoing modalities ultraviolet light absorbers are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyphenylbenzotriazoles, tris-aryl-s-triazines, hydroxybenzoates, 2-hydroxybenzophenones and cyanoacrylates, the antioxidants are selected from the group consisting of organic phosphorus stabilizer/hindered phenolic antioxidant combinations, dialkylhydroxyamine stabilizers, organic phosphorus stabilizer/dialkylhydroxylamine stabilizer combinations, amine oxide stabilizers organic phosphorus stabilizer/hydroxyamine stabilizer combinations amine oxide, dyes are selected from the group consisting of organic and inorganic pigments, fillers are selected from the group consisting of natural fibers and inorganic fillers, and flame retardants are selected from the group consisting of chlorinated flame retardants, flame retardants bromides, retard before phosphorus-based flame, metal hydroxide compounds, melamine-based compounds, antimony compounds, borate compounds and other metal-containing flame retardants.
    [00183] Modality 9. A polyolefin composition according to any of the preceding embodiments ultraviolet light absorbers are selected from the group consisting of 5-chloro-2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) -2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3,5-bis-α-cumyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 4,6-diphenyl-2-(4-hexyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 4 ,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate hexadecyl, 3,5-di 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl and 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and the hindered amine light stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of (1) 1-cyclohexyloxy-2 ,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-octadecylamino-piperidine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (3) bis(1-acetoxy-2, sebacate) 2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl), (4) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (5) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2, 2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (6) bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tet (methylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate; (7) bis(1-acyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (8) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) n-butyl- 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate(9) 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-(2 -hydroxyethylamino-s-triazine,(10) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)adipate,(11) 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy- 2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)-butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine, (12) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6 ,6-tetramethyl-piperidine,(13) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2- methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,(15) bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl) sebacate,(16) bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)adipate,(17) 2,4-bis{N-[1 -(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-N-butylamino}-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-s-triazine,(18) 4- benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,(19) p-methoxybenzylidene di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) malonate,(20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octadecanoate,(21) bis(1-octyloxy- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate,(22) 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine, (23) 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1- oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4,5]decane, (24) tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) nitrilotriacetate, (25) tris(2-hydroxy- 3-(amino-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl) nitrilotriacetate,(26) tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3, 4-butane-tetracarboxylate,(27) tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butane-tetracarboxylate,(28) 1,1'-(1 ,2-ethanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone),(29) 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5] decan-2,4-dione,(30) 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decane-2,4-dione,( 31) 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione, (32) 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6 -pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione,(33) N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-t and tramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine,(33a) bis(1-undecanyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)carbonate,(34) 2,4-bis[(1-cycle) reaction product -hexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine with N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine), (35) condensate of 1-( 2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid,(36) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine condensate and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, (37) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine condensate and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(38) N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine condensate and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(39) N,N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine condensate and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(40) 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) condensate -1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, (41) cond 2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis-(3-aminopropylamino) assay )ethane,(42) a reaction product of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin,(43) poly[methyl,(3-oxy-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl)]siloxane, CAS#182635-99-0,(44) maleic acid anhydride-copolymer reaction product of α-olefin C18-C22 with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine,(45) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s -triazine,(46) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1,2,2,6,6 -pentaamethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(47) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-1 -proposed xi-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(48) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2, 4-dichloro-6-[(1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s -triazine e(49) product obtained by the reaction of (a) with (b) where (a) is product obtained by the reaction of 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane with cyanuric chloride and (b) is (2, 2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamine.
    Modality 10. A polyolefin composition according to any of the preceding embodiments hindered amine light stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of (2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-sebacate) ila), (20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octadecanoate, (14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine ,(33) N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine,(36) N,N'-bis condensate(2, 2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(38) N,N'-bis-(2, 2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(39) N,N'-bis-(1,2,) condensate 2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(44) maleic acid copolymer anhydride reaction product-α- C18-C22 olefin with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine, (45) oligomeric compound condenses that of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino] -s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(47) condensed oligomeric compound of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1-propoxy-2,2 ,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine and binary and ternary combinations of these.
    [00185] Modality 11. A polyolefin composition according to any of the preceding embodiments the hindered amine stabilizers are a binary or ternary combination selected from the group consisting of(2) bis(2,2,6,6-) sebacate tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) and (36) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1, condensate 3,5-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and(38) N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl) condensate -4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) and(39) sebacate ) N,N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine condensate,( 2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (45) condensed oligomeric compound of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine cover to the end with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, (20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octanoate and (45) 4,4' oligomeric condensate -hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, (2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (20) 2, octadecanoate 2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4 -octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(45) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[ (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(14) 1-( 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, (20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octanoate and (45) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino ]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate(14) ) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(36) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4 condensate) -piperidyl)- hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate(14) ) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(38) N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-condensate) 4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazinee(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,(14) 1 -(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(39) N,N'-bis-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-condensate 4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine.
    Modality 12. A polyolefin composition according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated in it a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite/phenolic antioxidant combination hindered where the hindered phenolic antioxidants are selected from the group consisting of tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl) 4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, the calcium salt of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid monoethyl ester, tetrakis [3-(3,5-di) pentaerythritol propionate -tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)] and octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine, a phosphite combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine, dialkyl(C16-C18) methyl amine oxide or a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert)phosphite - butylphenyl)/dialkyl oxide (C16-C18) methyl the mine.
    Modality 13. A polyolefin composition according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated in it a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite/pentaerythritol tetrakis propionate [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)], a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/octadecyl propionate 3-(3,5-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl), N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine, a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl) phosphite )hydroxylamine, dialkyl(C16-C18)methyl amine or a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite/dialkyl(C16-C18)methyl amine oxide.
    [00188] Modality 14. A polyolefin composition according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein a filler selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, talc, wollastonite and fly ash .
    [00189] Modality 15. A polyolefin composition according to any of the foregoing embodiments comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated in it (f) one or more flame retardants selected from the group consisting of brominated flame retardants, flame retardants based in phosphorus, melamine-based compounds and antimony compounds.
    [00190] Embodiment 16. A polyolefin composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated in it a melamine/polyol condensate compound.
    [00191] Modality 17. A polyolefin composition according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein
    [00192] Modality 17 melamine polyphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol-dimethylphosphonate or a melamine/polyol condensate compound where the polyol is a linear trihydric, tetrahydric, pentahydric or hexahydric branched alcohol or cyclic or a C4-C6 aldose or linear or cyclic ketosis and where the melamine compound is melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate or melamine polyphosphate or a combination of antimony trioxide with decabromodiphenyl ether or tris[3-bromo-phosphate 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl].
    [00193] Modality 18. A polyolefin composition according to any of the foregoing embodiments comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein one or more antimicrobial compounds selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, copper, copper compounds, compounds of silver, silver dispersions, supported silver, 3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-1,3,5-2H-thiodiazin-2-thione, bis-tributyltin oxide, 4,5-dichlor-2-n- octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, N-butyl-benzisothiazoline, 10,10'-oxybisphenoxyarsine, zinc-2-pyridinthiol-1-oxide, 2-methylthio-4-cyclopropylamino-6-(α,β-dimethylpropylamino) -s-triazine, 2-methylthio-4-cyclopropylamino-6-tert-butylamino-s-triazine, 2-methylthio-4-ethylamino-6-(α,β-dimethylpropylamino)-s-triazine, ether 2,4, 4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl, 3-iodo-2-propenyl-butylcarbamate, carbendazim and thiabendazole.
    [00194] Modality 19. A polyolefin composition according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein one or more antimicrobial compounds selected from the group consisting of silver supported on a zeolite, silver supported on a glass , elemental silver, micro or nano scale elemental silver, elemental silver dispersed in silicone oil, silver chloride, silver nitrate, silver sulfate, silver phosphate, silver zirconate and silver apatite.
    Embodiment 20. A polyolefin composition according to any of the foregoing embodiments comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein one or more ultraviolet light absorbers, in total from about 0.10 to about 2, 5 percent by weight, preferably from about 0.10 to about 1.5 percent by weight, more preferably from about 0.10 to about 0.95 percent by weight, b) one or more stabilizers of hindered amine light, in total, from about 0.10 to about 1.9 percent by weight, preferably from about 0.15 to about 1.5 percent by weight, c) one or more antioxidants, in total from about 0.05 to about 1.0 percent by weight, preferably from about 0.10 to about 0.75 percent by weight, d) one or more dyes, in total from about from 0.10 to about 3.0 percent by weight, preferably from about 0.2 to about 1.0 percent by weight, e) one or more fillers, in total, from about 5 to about 70 percent by weight, prefer from about 15 to about 40 percent by weight, f) one or more flame retardants, in total from about 1 to about 70 percent by weight, preferably from about 1 to about 50 percent by weight, more preferably from about 1 to about 40 percent by weight, and optionally g) one or more antimicrobial compounds, in total from about 0.001 to about 5.0 percent by weight, preferably from about 0.01 to about 4.0 weight percent, more preferably about 0.02 to about 2.0 weight percent, weight percent based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate.
    Modality 21. A polyolefin composition comprising a polyolefin substrate selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene/propylene copolymer, a mixture of polypropylene and polyethylene and a mixture of different types of polyethylene having incorporated therein) from about 0.10 to about 0.95 percent by weight, in total, of one or more ultraviolet light absorbers selected from the group consisting of 5-chloro-2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy -5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3,5-bis-α-cumyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 4,6-diphenyl-2-(4-hexyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)- s-triazine, 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, b) from about 0.15 to about 1.5 weight percent of a combination of binary or ternary hindered amine light stabilizer selected from the group consisting of (2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (36) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) condensate )- hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and(38) condensed of N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(2) bis sebacate (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) and (39) N,N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine condensate and 4 -morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (45) 4,4' condensed oligomeric compound -hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine covered in end with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, (20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octanoate and (45) 4,4'-hexamethylene oligomeric condensate - bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis(dibutylamino)- s-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octadecanoate,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl),(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(45) condensed oligomeric of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl) butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2.2, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,(20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octanoate and (45) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis(dibutylamino )-s-triazine ,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl),(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine and (36) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine condensate ,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl),(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine and(38) N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazinee condensate ( 2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl),(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and (39) N,N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine condensate ,c) from about 0.10 to about 0.75 percent by weight of a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite/pentaerythritol tetrakis propionate [3-(3,5- di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)], a combination that of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/octadecyl propionate 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) phosphite), N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine ,a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine, dialkyl(C16-C18) methyl amine phosphite or a combination of tris(2 ,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/dialkyl oxide (C16-C18) methyl amine, d) from about 0.1 to about 3.0 percent by weight, in total, of one or more dyes selected from group consisting of organic and inorganic pigments, e) from about 15 to about 40 percent by weight, in total, of one or more fillers selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, talc, wollastonite, and ash flywheels, f) from about 1 to about 40 percent by weight, in total, of one or more flame retardants selected from the group consisting of melamine polyphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol-dimethylphosphonate, melamine compound /condensates of and polyol and a combination of antimony trioxide with decabromodiphenyl ether or tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl] and optionally g) phosphate from about 0.02 to about 2.0 per percent by weight, in total, of one or more antimicrobial compounds selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, copper, copper compounds, silver compounds, silver dispersions, supported silver, 3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro- 1,3,5-2H-thiodiazin-2-thione, bis-tributyltin oxide, 4,5-dichlor-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, N-butyl-benzisothiazoline, 10.10' -oxybisphenoxyarsine, zinc-2-pyridinthiol-1-oxide, 2-methylthio-4-cyclopropylamino-6-(α,β-dimethylpropylamino)-s-triazine, 2-methylthio-4-cyclopropylamino-6-tert-butylamino-s -triazine, 2-methylthio-4-ethylamino-6-(α,β-dimethylpropylamino)-s-triazine, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, 3-iodo-2-propenyl-butylcarbamate, carbendazim and thiabendazole, where the composition has an impact strength of > 35 in-lb (3.95 Nm) measured in accordance with ASTM D4226 , linear thermal expansion coefficient of < 4.5 x 10E-05 in/in/ft (0.00147637795 m-1) measured in accordance with ASTM D696 and optionally acceptable color uniformity in finished siding in accordance with ASTM D6864 and/or acceptable low delta E color for the intended application in accordance with ASTM D2244 and/or a UL-94 V-1 or V-0 rating and/or a flame propagation index of < 200 measured in accordance with ASTM E-84 .
    [00197] Modality 22. A polyolefin composition comprising a substrate propylene homopolymer or copolymer, optionally combined with a polyethylene homopolymer or copolymer where the combination may further contain a compatibilizer having incorporated therein from about 0.10 to about 0.95 weight percent, in total, of one or more ultraviolet light absorbers selected from the group consisting of 5-chloro-2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole , 2-(3,5-bis-α-cumyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 4,6-diphenyl-2-(4-hexyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 4,6-bis -(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 3,5-di-tert-butyl 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, b) from about 0.15 to about 1.5 weight percent of an amine light stabilizer combination binary or ternary handicap selected from the group consisting of (2) bis sebacate( 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) and (36) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-condensate 2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, (2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (38) N,N'-bis-(2 condensate) ,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine sebacate) -4-yl) and (39) N,N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1 condensate ,3,5-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (45) 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2) condensed oligomeric compound ,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6- bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octanoate and(45) 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6) oligomeric condensate ,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl) 1-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-) sebacate tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) and (20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octadecanoate, (2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,(14 ) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(45) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis (dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, (20) 2,2,6,6-octanoate tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl e(45) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro- 4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,) sebacate 6-tetram ethylpiperidin-4-yl),(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(36) N,N'-bis condensate(2, 2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-) sebacate tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl),(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(38) N,N'-bis-(2 condensate) ,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazinee(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-sebacate) 4-yl),(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(39) N,N'-bis-(1,2) condensate ,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,c) from about 0.10 to about 0.75 per percent by weight of a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite/pentaerythritol tetrakis [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)] propionate, a phosphite combination of tris(2,4-di-tertbu tilphenyl)/octadecyl propionate 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl), N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine, a combination of tris(2,4-di-phosphite) tert-butylphenyl)/N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine, dialkyl(C16-C18) methyl amine or a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite/dialkyl oxide ( C16-C18) methyl amine, d) from about 0.1 to about 3.0 percent by weight, in total, of one or more dyes selected from the group consisting of organic and inorganic pigments, e) from about 15 to about 40 percent by weight, in total, of one or more fillers selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, talc, wollastonite, and fly ash, f) from about 1 to about 40 percent by weight, in total, of one or more flame retardants selected from the group consisting of melamine polyphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol-dimethylphosphonate, melamine compound/polyol condensates and a combination of trioxide that of antimony with decabromodiphenyl ether or tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl] phosphate and optionally g) from about 0.02 to about 2.0 percent by weight, total , from one or more antimicrobial compounds selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, copper, copper compounds, silver compounds, silver dispersions, supported silver, 3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-1,3,5- 2H-thiodiazin-2-thione, bis-tributyltin oxide, 4,5-dichlor-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, N-butyl-benzisothiazoline, 10,10'-oxybisphenoxyarsine, zinc-2 -pyridinthiol-1-oxide, 2-methylthio-4-cyclopropylamino-6-(α,β-dimethylpropylamino)-s-triazine, 2-methylthio-4-cyclopropylamino-6-tert-butylamino-s-triazine, 2-methylthio -4-ethylamino-6-(α,β-dimethylpropylamino)-s-triazine, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, 3-iodo-2-propenyl-butylcarbamate, carbendazim and thiabendazole, where the composition has an impact force of > 35 in-lb (3.95 Nm) measured in accordance with ASTM D4226, thermal expansion coefficient line air < 4.5 x 10E-05 in/in/ft (0.00147637795 m-1) measured in accordance with ASTM D696 and optionally acceptable color uniformity in finished siding in accordance with ASTM D6864 and/or delta E color acceptable low for the intended application per ASTM D2244 and/or a UL-94 V-1 or V-0 rating and/or a flame spread index of < 200 measured per ASTM E-84.
    Embodiment 23. A polyolefin composition according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated in it a high molecular weight hindered amine and a low molecular weight hindered amine.
    [00199] Embodiment 24. A polyolefin composition according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein a) one or more ultraviolet light absorbers, e.g., a hydroxybenzoate and b) a high molecular weight hindered amine and a low molecular weight hindered amine.
    Modality 25. A polyolefin composition comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein a) a hydroxybenzoate ultraviolet light absorber and b) a high molecular weight hindered amine and a low molecular weight hindered amine.
    Modality 26. A polyolefin composition according to modality 25 comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein one or more additional compounds selected from the group consisting of c) one or more antioxidants, d) one or more dyes, e) one or more fillers and f) one or more flame retardants.
    Modality 27. A polyolefin composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments comprising a polyolefin substrate having an acrylic processing aid incorporated therein.
    Modality 28. A polyolefin composition comprising a polyolefin substrate having an acrylic processing aid incorporated therein.
    Modality 29. A polyolefin composition according to modality 28 comprising a polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein one or more additional compounds selected from the group consisting of a) one or more ultraviolet light absorbers, b) one or more stabilizers of hindered amine light, c) one or more antioxidants, d) one or more dyes, e) one or more fillers and f) one or more flame retardants.
    [00205] Modality 30. An extruded article comprising the polyolefin composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
    [00206] Modality 31. An extruded article according to modality 30 which is house siding, outer cladding, soffit or roof.
    [00207] Modality 32. An extruded article in accordance with embodiments 30 or 31 having a thickness of about 0.030 inches to about 0.070 inches and a weight of about 0.18 lbs/ft2 to about 0.31 lbs/ft2 .
    [00208] Modality 33. Use of a composition according to any one of modalities 1 to 29 in the article of manufacture selected from the group consisting of house siding, external cladding, soffit and roof.
    [00209] Modality 34. An unfilled or filled polyolefin side article, which article comprises a polyolefin substrate and has a weight of from about 0.18 lbs/ft2 to about 0.31 lbs/ft2 and optionally , a thickness of about 0.030 inches to about 0.070 inches and where the article has an impact force of > 35 in-lb (3.95 Nm) measured in accordance with ASTM D4226, linear thermal expansion coefficient of < 4.5 x 10E-05 in/in/ft (0.00147637795 m-1) measured in accordance with ASTM D696 and optionally acceptable color uniformity in finished sidings in accordance with ASTM D6864 and/or acceptable low delta E color for the application intended in accordance with ASTM D2244 and/or a UL-94 V-1 or V-0 rating and/or a flame spread index of < 200 measured in accordance with ASTM E-84.
    [00210] Modality 35. A polyolefin article according to modality 34 which is a monolithic side article.
    [00211] In the following examples and throughout the specification, all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified. ExamplesExample 1 Polypropylene copolymer
    [00212] The formulations are dry blended together with the polypropylene copolymer and compounded in an extruder to form 2” x 2” x 60 mil bars. Percentage by weight levels of restrained pets are noted in the table below. Each formulation still contains 20 percent by weight calcium carbonate filler.
    [00213] Each formulation also contains 0.20 percent by weight of 5-chloro-2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 0.40 percent by weight of a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite/pentaerythritol tetrakis [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)] propionate, 1.0 weight percent carbon dioxide titanium and 15 percent by weight of the condensate of melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol.
    [00214] All weight percentages are based on the weight of polypropylene copolymer.

    [00215] Hindered amines are those identified in the detailed description.
    [00216] BIN1 is a binary combination of hindered amines (2) and(36) .
    [00217] BIN2 is a binary combination of hindered amines (2) and (45) .
    [00218] BIN3 is a binary combination of hindered amines (20) and (46) .
    [00219] Formulations 5, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 13 contain 1:1 weight ratios of the binary combinations.
    Formulation 6 contains 0.3% hindered amine (2) and 0.1% hindered amine (36). Formulation 9 contains 0.3% hindered amine (2) and 0.1% hindered amine (45). Formulation 12 contains 0.3% hindered amine (20) and 0.1% hindered amine (45).
    [00221] TER1 is a ternary combination of hindered amines (2), (45) and (14). TER2 is a ternary combination of hindered amines (20), (45) and (14).
    Formulation 14 contains 0.2% hindered amine (2), 0.14% hindered amine (45) and 0.06% hindered amine (14).
    Formulation 15 contains 0.5% hindered amine (2), 0.35% hindered amine (45) and 0.15% hindered amine (14).
    Formulation 16 contains 0.2% hindered amine (20), 0.14% hindered amine (45) and 0.06% hindered amine (14).
    Formulation 17 contains 0.5% hindered amine (20), 0.35% hindered amine (45) and 0.15% hindered amine (14).
    Formulations 1 to 17 are repeated, substituting 20% calcium carbonate with 40% calcium carbonate to produce formulations 18 to 34 respectively.
    [00227] Formulations 1 to 17 are repeated, replacing 20% calcium carbonate with 20% talc to produce formulations 35 to 51 respectively.
    Formulations 1 to 17 are repeated, substituting 20% calcium carbonate for 40% talc to produce formulations 52 to 68 respectively.
    [00229] Formulations 1 to 17 are repeated, replacing 20% calcium carbonate with 20% wollastonite to produce formulations 69 to 85 respectively.
    [00230] Formulations 1 to 17 are repeated, substituting 20% calcium carbonate with 40% wollastonite to produce formulations 86 to 102 respectively.
    [00231] The bars of formulations 1 to 102 are tested for flame retardancy and color stability after accelerated weathering.Example 2 High Density Polyethylene
    [00232] The formulations are dry blended together with High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and compounded in an extruder to form 2” x 2” x 60 mil bars. The weight percent levels of hindered amines used are in the table below. Each formulation still contains 20 percent by weight calcium carbonate filler.
    [00233] Each formulation also contains 0.20 percent by weight of 5-chloro-2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 0.40 percent by weight of a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite/pentaerythritol tetrakis [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)] propionate, 1.0 weight percent carbon dioxide titanium and 15 percent by weight of the condensate of melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol.
    [00234] All weight percentages are based on polyethylene weight.

    [00235] The hindered amines are those identified in the detailed description.
    [00236] BIN4 is a binary combination of hindered amines (2) and (20).
    [00237] Formulations 111 to 116 contain 1:1 weight ratios of the binary combinations.
    Formulation 117 contains 0.1% hindered amine (20), 0.07% hindered amine (45) and 0.03% hindered amine (14).
    Formulation 118 contains 0.25% hindered amine (20), 0.175% hindered amine (45) and 0.075% hindered amine (14).
    Formulation 119 contains 0.1% hindered amine (36), 0.07% hindered amine (2) and 0.03% hindered amine (14).
    Formulation 120 contains 0.25% hindered amine (36), 0.175% hindered amine (2) and 0.075% hindered amine (14).
    [00242] Formulations 103 to 120 are repeated, substituting 20% calcium carbonate with 40% calcium carbonate to produce formulations 121 to 138 respectively.
    [00243] Formulations 103 to 120 are repeated, replacing 20% calcium carbonate with 20% talc to produce formulations 139 to 156 respectively.
    [00244] Formulations 103 to 120 are repeated, substituting 20% calcium carbonate for 40% talc to produce formulations 157 to 174 respectively.
    Formulations 103 to 120 are repeated, replacing 20% calcium carbonate with 20% wollastonite to produce formulations 175 to 192 respectively.
    [00246] Formulations 103 to 120 are repeated, substituting 20% calcium carbonate with 40% wollastonite to produce formulations 192 to 210 respectively.
    [00247] The bars of formulations 103 to 210 are tested for flame retardancy and color stability after accelerated weathering.Example 3 Polypropylene copolymer
    [00248] Example 1 is repeated, replacing 5-chloro-2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole with a UVA selected from 2-(3,5-bis-α -cumyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 4,6-diphenyl-2-(4-hexyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2- (2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and 2,4-di-di-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate tert-butylphenyl, substituting the combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/pentaerythritol tetrakis [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)] phosphite combination with a selected antioxidant of a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/octadecyl propionate 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl), N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl) phosphite )hydroxylamine, a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine phosphite, dialkyl(C16-C18) methyl amine oxide and a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/dialkyl oxide (C16-C18) methyl amine, replacing calcium carbonate, talc and wollastonite with magnesium hydroxide or fly ash and replacing the condensate of melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol with a flame retardant selected from melamine polyphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate and a combination of antimony trioxide with decabromodiphenyl ether or tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl phosphate]. Example 4 High Density Polyethylene
    [00249] Example 2 is repeated, substituting 5-chloro-2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole with a UVA selected from 2-(3,5-bis-α -cumyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 4,6-diphenyl-2-(4-hexyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2- (2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and 2,4-di-di-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate tert-butylphenyl, substituting the combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/pentaerythritol tetrakis [3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)] phosphite combination with a selected antioxidant of a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/octadecyl propionate 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl), N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl) phosphite )hydroxylamine, a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine phosphite, dialkyl(C16-C18) methyl amine oxide and a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)/dialkyl oxide (C16-C18) methyl amine, replacing calcium carbonate, talc and wallastonite with magnesium hydroxide or fly ash and replacing the condensate of melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol with a flame retardant selected from melamine polyphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate and a combination of antimony trioxide with decabromodiphenyl ether or tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl] phosphate]. Example 5 Polypropylene homopolymer
    [00250] Examples 1 to 4 are repeated replacing the polyolefin with polypropylene homopolymer.Example 6 Polypropylene with High Melting Strength
    [00251] ExxonMobil 5341E1 high melt strength polypropylene homopolymer is cryogenically ground to a powder, to which powder additives, inorganic talc reinforcing filler, calcium carbonate lubricant, powder colorant and 500 ppm IRGANOX B are combined -215 as processing and heat stabilizer. The formulations are fed via a single gravimetric feeder at a feed rate of 12 lbs/hr (5.44 kg/hr) to a COPERION 25 co-rotating twin screw extruder at fixed temperature 220°C, screw speed 150 rpm . The extruded polymeric filaments are cooled in a water bath and pelletized to granular form.
    [00252] Talc is Specialty Minerals ULTRATALC 609
    [00253] The dye is Ocean Blue pigment
    [00254] IRGANOX B-215 is a 2:1 weight combination of tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl)phosphite and pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionate]
    [00255] The formulations prepared are as follows. Percentages are percent by weight based on polypropylene.1 blank polypropylene2 0.4% HALS (2)3 0.2% HALS (2) / 0.2% HALS (36)4 0.3% HALS HALS (2) / 0.1% HALS (36)5 0.2% HALS (2) / 0.14% HALS (36) / 0.06% 3,5-di-tert-butyl- Hexadecyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 6 0.2% HALS (2) / 0.2% HALS (45)7 0.3% HALS (2) / 0.1% HALS (45)8 0.2% HALS HALS (2) / 0.14% HALS (45) / 0.06% hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate 0.4% HALS (20)10 0.2% HALS (20) / 0.2% HALS (45)11 0.2% HALS (14) / 0.2% HALS (45)12 0.2% HALS (2) / 0.14% HALS (45) / 0.06% HALS (14)13 0.2% HALS (2) / 0.14% HALS(45) / 0.06% 3.5-di-tert-butyl- Hexadecyl 14 4-hydroxybenzoate 0.2% HALS (2) / 0.14% HALS (45) / 0.06% HALS (14) / 0.04% 5-chloro-2-(3-t -butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazol15 0.2% HALS (2) / 0.14% HALS (45) / 0.06% 3.5-di-tert-butyl- Hexadecyl 4-hydroxybenzoate / 0.04% 5-chloro-2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy -5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazol16 0.14% HALS (45) / 0.06% HALS (14) / 0.2% HALS (20)17 0.14% HALS (45) / 0 .06% hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate / 0.2% HALS (20)
    [00256] The formulations are injection molded into plates 60 mil (1.524 mm) thick, 1.75 in. x 2.5 in. (44.45 mm x 63.50 mm), using BOY 50 injection molding machine with fixed temperature of 450°F (232.22°C), mold temperature of 65°F (18.33° Ç).
    [00257] Three repeating plates of each formulation are then mounted on the structures and subjected to light aging/accelerated weathering using an Atlas Ci65A xenon Weather-O-Meter ("WOM") meter, by ASTM G155 cycle 1 (irradiation 0.35 W/m2, black panel temperature 63°C, 102 minute and 18 minute light cycles with spray water, with internal and external borosilicate light filters).
    [00258] The results for the average readings after 1912 hours of weathering are as follows.

    [00259] Formulations 5, 8 and 11 to 17 show excellent results Example 7 Polypropylene copolymer
    [00260] The substrate is PROFAX SG702 polypropylene impact copolymer in pellet form. The filler is Heritage Plastics HT6P commercial plastic additive (60% talc in polypropylene copolymer). The filler is left at 20% in all formulations. Procedure:1. 1kg2 bag mix. Composition @ 200°C3. Injection molding @ 220°C (60 mil plate thickness (1.524 mm) for Weather-o-Meter exposures)4. Periodic color and brightness reading5. Microscopy for microcracking and exudation6. Weathering with regular spray at intervals of 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 h, etc.
    [00261] The following formulations are prepared. Additives are present at 0.75 percent by weight based on polypropylene. Multi-component additive mixtures contain individual additives in percent by equal weight.1 Hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate2 2,4-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate di-t-butyl phenyla3 HALS (2)4 HALS (2) / 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate hexadecyl-5 HALS (14)6 HALS (14) / 3,5-di-tert-butyl hexadecyl-4-hydroxybenzoate7 HALS (36)8 HALS (36) / 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate hexadecyl9 HALS (2) / HALS (14) / HALS (45)10 HALS (2) / HALS (14) / HALS (45) / 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate hexadecyl HALS (2) / HALS (14) / HALS (45) / 3,5-di-t-butyl -4- 2,4-di-t-butyl phenyl hydroxybenzoate 12 HALS (20) / 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate hexadecyl / HALS (39) / 4,6-bis-(2, 4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine (0.41 percent by total weight)
    [00262] Delta E color change results after accelerated weathering at 1500 hours and 4000 hours are below.

    [00263] Excellent results are achieved with formulations containing HALS and a UV benzoate absorber.
    [00264] The following additional formulations are used for glass retention studies. 1a 0.15% of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate hexadecyl 2a 0.15% of 3,5-di-t- 2,4-di-t-butyl phenyla butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate13a 0.15% HALS (2) / HALS (14) / HALS (45)14a 0.15% HALS (2) / HALS (14) / HALS (45) / hexadecyl 15a 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate 0.15% HALS (2) / HALS (14) / HALS (45) / 3,5-di-t-butyl - 2,4-di-t-butyl phenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 60° percent gloss retention at various time intervals is noted below

    [00265] Combinations of hindered amine stabilizers and UV benzoate absorbers provide gloss retention support in accelerated weathering.Example 8 Polypropylene Homopolymer Flame Retardant
    [00266] ExxonMobil 5341E1 high melt strength polypropylene homopolymer is dry blended with the listed additives, 0.5% zinc stearate and 0.1% IRGANOX B-225 heat stabilizer. The formulations are extrusion compounds in a 25 mm twin screw extruder at fixed temperatures of 195 to 205°C running at 200 rpm and feed rate of 20 kg/h. Composite formulations are injection molded into UL-94 vertical burn test specimens with dimensions of 0.125 x 5.0 x 0.5 inch (3.18 x 127 x 12.7 mm).
    [00267] IRGANOX B-225 is a 1:1 weight combination of tris(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl)phosphite and pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionate ].
    [00268] The following formulations are prepared. Additives are in percent by weight based on polypropylene.1 control - no flame retardants2 6% AFLAMMIT PCO 960 / 0.6% HALS (34) 3 8% AFLAMMIT PCO 960 / 0.8% HALS ( 34) 4 6% AFLAMMIT PCO 960 / 0.6% HALS (47) 5 8% AFLAMMIT PCO 960 / 0.8% HALS (47) AFLAMMIT PCO 960 is a patented flame retardant organic phosphorus containing 24% of phosphorus, available from Thor.
    [00269] Ratings according to UL-94 V testing are as compiled in the following table. UL-94 Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances, 5th Edition, October 29, 1996.
    The results are below.
    Example 9 Polypropylene Melting Strength Improvement
    [00270] Adequate melt strength is an important property in extruded polymeric profile articles. High melt strength is desired to prevent sagging or sagging of the polymeric film, sheet or profiled articles in polymeric melt exiting the extruder die and during the coil winding operation in the downstream equipment. It has surprisingly been found that improvements in melt strength can be imparted to commercially available high melt strength propylenes used as profile extrusion applications through polymer blending in the melt with certain random or block polymers. In particular, polyolefin copolymers known as Olefin Block Copolymer (OBC) such as INFUSE from Dow and VISTAMAXX from ExxonMobil have been found to improve the melt strength properties of polypropylene and polypropylene and polyethylene blends as shown below. A valuable property is melt strength for extruded profile articles. It is shown in the table that while HDPE alone and OBC alone have poor melt strength, certain binary and ternary combinations with a polypropylene, in this case high melt strength polypropylene (HMS) polypropylene, has higher melt strength and elongation stress in the breaks, during the HMS PP alone.
    [00271] Polypropylene (PP) is ExxonMobil's 5341E1 high melt strength polypropylene homopolymer. Polyethylene is ALATHON L 5332CP, HDPE from LyondellBasell. The olefinic block copolymers (OBC) are INFUSE 9010 or INFUSE 9100 from Dow or VISTAMAXX 6102 or VISTAMAXX 3020FL from ExxonMobil. PARALOID K 125 is an acrylic processing aid for vinyl from Dow, Mw 4.0 to 5.0 million, Tg 106°C.
    [00272] The following formulations are tested. Percentages are by weight.1 PP2 HDPE3 INFUSE 90104 90% PP / 10% INFUSE 90105 90% HDPE / 10% INFUSE 90106 70% PP / 30% HDPE7 63% PP / 32% HDPE / 5% INFUSE 90108 63% PP / 27% HDPE / 10% INFUSE 90109 PP 10 95% PP / 5% INFUSE 910011 90% PP / 10% INFUSE 910012 95% PP / 5% VISTAMAXX 610213 90% PP / 10% VISTAMAXX 610214 95% PP / 5% VISTAMAXX 3020FL15 90% PP / 10% VISTAMAXX 3020FL16 PP17 99% PP / 1% PARALOID K 12518 97% PP / 3 % PARALOID K 12519 95% PP / 5% PARALOID K 125
    [00273] The results for formulations 1 to 8 are below. Vb is breaking speed (mm/s). F is breaking strength in cN (fusion strength). The withdrawal rate is the withdrawal rate at break - the ratio of initial speed to speed at break, the highest is desired. The elongation stress and the elongation stress at break in MPa - the more extensibility of the polymeric melt, the higher is desired.

    [00274] The results for formulations 9 to 15 are below


    [00275] The results for formulations 16 to 19 are below.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    1. An extruded article comprising a polyolefin composition, which comprises a polyolefin substrate incorporated therein comprising: one or more additives selected from: a) one or more ultraviolet light absorbers, b) one or more hindered amine light stabilizers, or c) one or more antioxidants, characterized by the fact that the extruded article has an impact force of > 3.95 Nm (35 in-lb) measured in accordance with ASTM D4226, linear thermal expansion coefficient of < 8.1 x 10E -05 cm/cm/°C (4.5 x 10E-05 in/in/ft) measured in accordance with ASTM D696 and optionally acceptable color uniformity in finished sidings in accordance with ASTM D6864 and/or low delta E color acceptable for the intended application in accordance with ASTM D2244 and/or, optionally, a UL-94 V-1 or V-0 rating and/or a flame spread index of < 200 measured in accordance with ASTM E-84;a Polyolefin composition is incorporated into the extruded article selected from the group consisting of home siding, overcoat external, soffit and roof; and the extruded article has a thickness of 0.076 cm (0.030 inches) to 0.178 cm (0.070 inches) and a weight of 8.62 Pa (0.18 lbs/ft2) to 14.84 Pa (0.31 lbs/ft2) .
    [0002]
    2. An extruded article according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyolefin substrate has incorporated in it additional additives comprising: d) one or more dyes, e) one or more fillers, f) one or more retarders of flame, eg) one or more antimicrobial compounds.
    [0003]
    3. An extruded article according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyolefin substrate comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene/propylene copolymer, a mixture of polypropylene and polyethylene, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
    [0004]
    4. An extruded article according to claim 1, characterized in that the one or more ultraviolet light absorbers are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyphenylbenzotriazoles, tris-aryl-s-triazines, 2-hydroxybenzophenones and cyanoacrylates, the one or more antioxidants are selected from the group consisting of organic phosphorus stabilizer/hindered phenolic antioxidant combinations, dialkylhydroxyamine stabilizers, organic phosphorus stabilizer/dialkylhydroxylamine stabilizer combinations, amine oxide stabilizers/organic phosphorus stabilizer combinations/ amine oxide stabilizer, the one or more dyes are selected from the group consisting of organic and inorganic pigments, the one or more fillers are selected from the group consisting of natural fibers and inorganic fillers, and the one or more flame retardants are selected from the group consisting of chlorinated flame retardants, brominated flame retardants etedates, phosphorus-based flame retardants, metal hydroxide compounds, melamine-based compounds, antimony compounds, borate compounds and other metal-containing flame retardants.
    [0005]
    5. An extruded article according to claim 1, characterized in that the one or more ultraviolet light absorbers are selected from the group consisting of 5-chloro-2-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5- methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3,5-bis-α-cumyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 4,6-diphenyl-2-(4-hexyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine , 4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate hexadecyl, 3,5 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl and 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and the hindered amine light stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of: (1) 1-cyclo- hexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-octadecylamino-piperidine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,(3) bis(1-acetoxy-2 ,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (4) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (5) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2 ,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (6) bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine -4-yl) sebacate; (7) bis(1-acyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (8) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4 -piperidyl) n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate(9) 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino-s-triazine,(10) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)adipate,(11) 2,4-bis [(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)-butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine,(12) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4 -hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine,(13) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine,(14) 1 -(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,(15) bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl) sebacate, (16) bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl) adipate, (17) 2, 4-bis{N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-N-butylamino}-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-s -triazine,(18) 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,(19) di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) p-methoxybenzylidenemalonate,(20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octadecanoate,(21) bis( 1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl),(22) 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine,(23) 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl -1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4,5]decane, (24) tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) nitrilotriacetate, (25) tris(2 -hydroxy-3-(amino-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl) nitrilotriacetate,(26) tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2 ,3,4-butane-tetracarboxylate,(27) tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butane-tetracarboxylate,(28) 1,1' -(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone),(29) 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4 ,5]decan-2,4-dione,(30) 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decane-2,4- dione, (31) 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione, (32) 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2, 6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione,(33) N,N'-bis-formy 1N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine,(33a) bis(1-undecanyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)carbonate,(34 ) reaction product of 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine with N,N'-bis( 3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine),(35) condensate of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid,(36) condensate of N,N'-bis(2 ,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(37) N,N'-bis condensate(2, 2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(38) N,N'-bis-(2,) condensate 2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(39) N,N'-bis-(1,2,) condensate 2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(40) 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4) condensate -n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylam) ino)ethane, (41) condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2 -bis-(3-aminopropylamino)ethane,(42) a reaction product of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4.5] decane and epichlorohydrin, (43) poly[methyl,(3-oxy-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl)] siloxane, CAS#182635-99-0, (44) reaction product of maleic acid anhydride-C18-C22 α-olefin copolymer with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine,(45) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino )-s-triazine,(46) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-1,2,2,6,6-pentaamethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1,2,2, 6,6-pentaamethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(47) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'- hexamethylene obis(amino-1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]- s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(48) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6 -tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6- bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine e(49) product obtained by the reaction of (a) with (b) where (a) is product obtained by the reaction of 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane with cyanuric chloride and ( b) is (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamine.
    [0006]
    6. An extruded article according to claim 1, characterized in that the hindered amine light stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of: (2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-sebacate) ila), (20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octadecanoate, (14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine ,(33) N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine,(36) N,N'-bis condensate(2, 2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(38) N,N'-bis-(2, 2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(39) N,N'-bis-(1,2,) condensate 2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(44) maleic acid anhydride-α-copolymer reaction product C18-C22 olefin with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine,(45) 4,4'-hexamethyl condensed oligomeric compound covered eno-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and covered 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine at the end with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(47) condensed oligomeric compound of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1-propoxy-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis (dibutylamino)-s-triazine and binary or ternary combinations thereof.
    [0007]
    7. An extruded article according to claim 1, characterized in that the hindered amine stabilizers are a binary or ternary combination selected from the group consisting of (2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4) sebacate -ila) and (36) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-condensate -triazine, (37) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (38) N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-yl condensate) piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, (2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (39) condensate of N,N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(40) sebacate of bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) and (45) condensed oligomeric compound of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4 -dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-c loro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(46) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octanoate and (47) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-2 ,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4, 6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(48) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (49) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octadecanoate ila,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6 - tetramethylpiperidine e(45) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4 - yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2 ,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,(20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octanoate and (45) 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino) oligomeric condensate o-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro -4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy) 4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(36) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-condensate 2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy) 4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(38) N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholine-2 condensate ,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine and(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)- 4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(39) N,N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholine condensate -2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine.
    [0008]
    8. Extruded article according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyolefin substrate has additionally incorporated in it: a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite/combination of hindered phenolic antioxidant in that hindered phenolic antioxidants are selected from the group consisting of tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl- 4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, the calcium salt of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid monoethyl ester, pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert- butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] and octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl),N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine propionate, a combination of tris(2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite/N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine, dialkyl(C16-C18)methyl amine oxide, or a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite /dialkyl(C16-C18) methyl amine.
    [0009]
    9. An extruded article according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyolefin substrate has additionally incorporated in it: a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite/pentaerythritol tetrakis [3-(3 ,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite/octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4 propionate) -hydroxyphenyl),N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine, a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite/N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine,dialkyl oxide (C16-C18) methyl amine, or a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite/dialkyl oxide (C16-C18) methyl amine.
    [0010]
    10. An extruded article according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyolefin substrate has additionally incorporated therein an additional additive comprising: a filler selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, talc, wollastonite and fly ash, or one or more flame retardants selected from the group consisting of bromide flame retardants, phosphorus-based flame retardants, melamine-based compounds, and antimony compounds; or a melamine/polyol condensate compound; or melamine polyphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol-dimethylphosphonate or a melamine/polyol condensate compound wherein the polyol is a linear, branched or cyclic trihydric, tetrahydric, pentahydric or hexahydric alcohol or a linear or cyclic C4-C6 aldose or C4-C6 ketose and wherein the melamine compound is melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate or melamine polyphosphate or a combination of antimony trioxide with decabromodiphenyl ether or tris[3-bromo phosphate -2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl]; or.one or more antimicrobial compounds selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, copper, copper compounds, silver compounds, silver dispersions, supported silver, 3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-1,3,5- 2H-thiodiazin-2-thione, bis-tributyltin oxide, 4,5-dichlor-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, N-butyl-benzisothiazoline, 10,10'-oxybisphenoxyarsine, zinc-2 -pyridinthiol-1-oxide, 2-methylthio-4-cyclopropylamino-6-(α,β-dimethylpropylamino)-s-triazine, 2-methylthio-4-cyclopropylamino-6-tert-butylamino-s-triazine, 2-methylthio 4-ethylamino-6-(α,β-dimethylpropylamino)-s-triazine, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, 3-iodo-2-propenyl-butylcarbamate, carbendazim and thiabendazole.
    [0011]
    11. An extruded article according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyolefin substrate has additionally incorporated therein an additional additive comprising: one or more antimicrobial compounds selected from the group consisting of silver supported on a zeolite, silver supported on a glass, elemental silver, micro- or nano-scale elemental silver, elemental silver dispersed in silicone oil, silver chloride, silver nitrate, silver sulfate, silver phosphate, silver zirconate, and silver apatite.
    [0012]
    12. An extruded article according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyolefin substrate has additionally incorporated therein: one or more ultraviolet light absorbers, in total from 0.10 to 2.5 percent by weight , preferably from 0.10 to 1.5 percent by weight, more preferably from 0.10 to 0.95 percent by weight, the one or more hindered amine light stabilizers, in total, from 0.10 to 1 .9 percent by weight, preferably from 0.15 to 1.5 percent by weight, the one or more antioxidants, in total, from 0.05 to 1.0 percent by weight, preferably from 0.10 to 0 .75 percent by weight, one or more dyes, in total, from 0.10 to 3.0 percent by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 1.0 percent by weight, one or more fillers, in total, from 5 to 70 percent by weight, preferably from 15 to 40 percent by weight, one or more flame retardants, in total from 1 to 70 percent by weight, preferably from 1 to 50 percent by weight, more preferably from 1 at 40 percent by weight, and, opc orally, one or more antimicrobial compounds, in total from 0.001 to 5.0 percent by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 4.0 percent by weight, more preferably from 0.02 to 2.0 percent by weight ,the weight percentages based on the weight of the polyolefin substrate.
    [0013]
    13. An extruded article according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a polyolefin substrate selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene/propylene copolymer, a mixture of polypropylene and polyethylene and a mixture of two or more thereof, the polyolefin substrate having incorporated therein: a) from 0.10 to 0.95 percent by weight, in total, of one or more ultraviolet light absorbers selected from the group consisting of 5-chloro-2- (3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(3,5-bis-α-cumyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 4,6-diphenyl-2- (4-hexyloxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 3,5-di- hexadecyl tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, b) from 0.15 to 1 .5 percent by weight of a binary or ternary hindered amine light stabilizer combination if Selected from the group consisting of (2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (36) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-condensate) 4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(37) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) and( 38) N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine condensate,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (39) N,N'-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) condensate hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine,(40) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (45) condensed oligomeric compound of 4 ,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]- s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(46) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octanoate and (47) oligomeric condensate of 4 ,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)- s-triazine,(48) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate and (49) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octadecanoate,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl),(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(45) condensed oligomeric of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s -triazine end capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine, (20) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl octanoate and (45) oligomeric condensate of 4,4'-hexamethylenebis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4 -dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutyl amino)-s-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2, 2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(36) N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1 condensate ,3,5-triazine,(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2, 2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(38) N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1 condensate, 3,5-triazinee(2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl),(14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2.2, sebacate 6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and(39) N,N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1 condensate ,3,5-triazine,c) from 0.10 to 0.75 percent by weight of a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite/pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di) -tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], a combination of tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite/propionate octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl), N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine, a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite/N,N-di(C16-C18 alkyl)hydroxylamine, di(C16-C18)alkyl methyl amine or a combination of tris(2,4-di-tert- butylphenyl) phosphite/dialkyl oxide (C16-C18) methyl amine,d) from 0.1 to 3.0 percent by weight, in total, of one or more dyes selected from the group consisting of organic and inorganic pigments,e) from 15 to 40 percent by weight in total of one or more fillers selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, talc, wollastonite and fly ash, f) from 1 to 40 percent by weight, in total of one or more flame retardants selected from the group consisting of melamine polyphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol-di-methylphosphonate, melamine compound/polyol condensates and a combination of antimony trioxide with decabromodiphenyl ether lithium or tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl] phosphate, and optionally g) from 0.02 to 2.0 percent by weight, in total, of one or more antimicrobial compounds selected from group consisting of zinc oxide, copper, copper compounds, silver compounds, silver dispersions, supported silver, 3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-1,3,5-2H-thiodiazin-2-thione, oxide of bis-tributyltin, 4,5-dichlor-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, N-butyl-benzisothiazoline, 10,10'-oxybisphenoxyarsine, zinc-2-pyridinthiol-1-oxide, 2- methylthio-4-cyclopropylamino-6-(α,β-dimethylpropylamino)-s-triazine, 2-methylthio-4-cyclopropylamino-6-tert-butylamino-s-triazine, 2-methylthio-4-ethylamino-6- (α ,β-dimethylpropylamino)-s-triazine, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, 3-iodo-2-propenyl-butylcarbamate, carbendazim and thiabendazole, where the composition has an impact strength of > 3 .95 Nm (35 in-lb) measured in accordance with ASTM D4226, linear thermal expansion coefficient of < 8.1 x 10E-05 cm/cm/°C (4.5 x 10E-05 in/in/ft) measured in accordance with ASTM D696 and optionally acceptable color uniformity in finished sidings in accordance with ASTM D6864 and/or acceptable low delta E color for the intended application in accordance with ASTM D2244 and/or a UL-94 V-1 rating or V-0 and/or a flame propagation index of <200 measured in accordance with ASTM E-84.
    [0014]
    14. An extruded article according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyolefin substrate further comprises a nucleating agent or one or more fillers, wherein the nucleating agent preferably comprises sodium benzoate, 2,2'-methylene -bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate, zinc glycerolate, 1,2-dicarboxylic acid cyclohexane calcium salt, aromatic trisamide compounds, cis-endo-bicyclo[2.2.1] acid salt ]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic disodium, aluminum hydroxy-bis[4-(methylbenzylidene)sorbitol, or 1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethyl-benzylidene)sorbitol, and in particular a trisamide compound aromatic.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    MX2016003734A|2016-08-04|
    AU2014326295A1|2016-04-14|
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    PL3049464T3|2020-11-30|
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    法律状态:
    2019-12-24| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-26| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-06-01| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-07-27| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 24/09/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201361883229P| true| 2013-09-27|2013-09-27|
    US61/883229|2013-09-27|
    US201461969498P| true| 2014-03-24|2014-03-24|
    US61/969498|2014-03-24|
    PCT/IB2014/002719|WO2015044785A2|2013-09-27|2014-09-24|Polyolefin compositions for building materials|
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