• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    GRINDING DEVICE. The invention relates to a device (10) for the mechanical comminution of material conglomerates composed of materials having a different density and/or consistency, comprising a comminution chamber (14) with a feed side and a feed side. exit, this comminution chamber being surrounded by a comminution chamber wall (42) cylindrical and/or conical, in particular circular, which expands in a downward direction and has at least two segments that are consecutive in an axial direction, meeting at least one rotor (26, 28, 30) is each provided coaxially with the comminution chamber, each rotor having a rotor shaft and punching tools (38) which extend at least widely radially into the comminution chamber at least during operation, having a feeder cone (12), which covers the rotor rod(s), above the comminution chamber (14) on the feed side, and an inlet funnel of flow (11) over the cone feeds pain (12), forming an inflow region between the inflow funnel and the feeder cone, and the size (d) of the inflow region can be adjusted, in which the (...).
    公开号:BR112016005916B1
    申请号:R112016005916-6
    申请日:2014-08-29
    公开日:2021-05-25
    发明作者:Felix Scharfe
    申请人:Pms Handelskontor Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [001] The present invention relates to a crushing or pickling device, in particular for metals and mineral substance compounds in ores (in the mining field), industrial slag that contains metal, thermal recovery slag of metal-containing waste and any another metal conglomerate. It is known that various metals and compounds of mineral substances are found in ores, which, according to the present state of technology, can only be separated from the corresponding ores with great effort.
    [002] The efficient extraction of metals is considerably simplified through pickling or total separation of all materials occurring in the ores. During the metal smelting process, molten metals (eg Fe and Cu) cannot be prevented from entering the slag due to the smelting process, and these are equally difficult to recover.
    [003] Numerous ferrous and non-ferrous metals are found in the slag and ash from thermal waste recovery, as well as the slag from metal production, which are integrated in the mineral slag in pure form or strongly dimensioned. It is only possible to efficiently recover such metals from material conglomerates if those metals are released or separated from their compounds/sizing so that they can then be isolated from the material flow through magnets or non-ferrous metal separators.
    [004] According to the prior technology, this slag is crushed with conventional hammers and percussion mills, and subsequently is introduced in the separators of magnets and non-ferrous metal.
    [005] With the use of hammers and percussion mills it is possible and also efficient to release and recover metals with a particle size greater than 20 mm. Regarding the release of smaller metal particles with such mills, it is necessary to define very small gaps, for example, less than 20 mm, which greatly increases crushing at the expense of percussion crushing. Such percussion crushing would result in the soft non-ferrous metals being crushed so that they can no longer be separated using a non-ferrous metal separator. Therefore, it is possible to recover, only to a limited extent, small metal particles that exist in the slag in pure form with the grinding devices that make up the prior technology.
    [006] EP 2 529 835 A2 presents a crushing device with the features of the preamble of Claim 1.
    [007] The aim of the invention is, therefore, to create a device with which it is possible to release and/or crush and/or mechanically separate particles of pure metal and compounds of mineral substances integrated in the slag and ores. It should still be possible to use the invention in material conglomerates made of materials of different density and/or consistencies.
    [008] This problem is solved by a device with the characteristics of Claim 1. The subclaims have as their subject the advantageous models of the invention.
    [009] The crushing and/or separating device according to the invention has an inherently known crushing chamber with a supply end and an output end. The milling chamber is preferably surrounded by a milling chamber wall which is preferably cylindrical, in particular arched, which is normally vertically aligned, wherein the supply end is at the top and the outlet end is at the bottom or at the bottom. side. Essentially, however, it is also possible to arrange the axis horizontally, if the equipment is used to prepare very small conglomerates of material, using a horizontal air stream. Otherwise, material is fed, in a vertical arrangement, from top to bottom, gravimetrically, and through a fan rotor that comes with its own drive mechanism. The crushing device according to the invention can be used to separate material conglomerates, but also only for crushing conglomerates.
    [010] The grinding chamber has at least two, preferably three, successive sections in the direction of the cylindrical axis. In each of these sections there is at least one rotor disposed centrally or concentrically to the crushing chamber, in which there are blow tools, which extend at least radially into the crushing chamber when the device is being operated. If chains or mobile punching tools are used as punching tools, these only extend radially into the crushing chamber if the rotor rotates with a corresponding rotational speed. The blow tools serve to break up the material conglomerates in the manner described in more detail - possibly in conjunction with inherently well-known impact bars on the crushing chamber wall yet to be described.
    [011] A feeder cone, which covers the rotor shaft, is placed at the supply end through the crushing chamber, in order to achieve a uniform feed of material only in the radius of action of the blowing tools, which is important for a good separation result. A hopper is arranged above the feed cone which forms a guiding area between the hopper and the feed cone, the size of which (eg width “d”) can be adjusted or controlled. This can, for example, be implemented through the axial adjustability of the hopper and/or feeder cone. In this way, the supply of material in interaction with that of the control of a fan rotor placed in the output area can be controlled so as to set the desired time to retain the fine particles in the crushing device, in which the size distribution of the particles of crushed material and also therefore the separation properties of the crushing device can be set for several different conglomerates of material, very individually. The hopper can also be formed through a configuration that obtains substantially the same result, which allows the raw material to be supplied to the feeder cone.
    [012] The rotational direction of the rotors in at least two, preferably all, successive sections is counter-rotational, which leads to high speeds of disintegration between the particles to be separated and the tools for blows, because in this way it is possible that the particles that are accelerated by the blowing tools of a rotor collide head-on with the blowing tools turning in the opposite direction in the case of the rotor going in the direction of material flow. The impact energy is thus the sum of the velocity of the particles and the velocity of the blowing tools. This results in an extremely high degree of impact energy of the material particles in the subsequent blow tools or in the impact bars on the crushing chamber wall, which causes the material conglomerates to break, since there are materials of different densities within them. and/or consistency, e.g. ex. elasticity. Finally, the rotational speed of the rotors can, according to the invention, vary between the sections of the supply end and the exit end of the crushing chamber. In this way, it is possible to increase the impact energy of the material conglomerates in the area of higher particle density towards the exit end, since the rotational speeds of the rotors and, therefore, the absolute speed of the blowing tools are also increased there.
    [013] The deflection ribs are found around the interior of the grinding chamber wall at axial intervals, and/or the radius of the grinding chamber walls increases from top to bottom, which leads to the stream of particles that do not they flow along the outer wall of the crushing chamber, without entering the range of action of the blowing tools. This effectively prevents this type of shunt current. These deflection ribs are preferably located in the area of at least two rotors or between the rotors in the wall of the crushing chamber, where the material flow falling into the crushing chamber is effectively diverted to the radius of action of the tools for scams. The deflecting rib preferably has an upper edge extending from the upper outer area to the lower inner area, which improves the guiding function of the latter.
    [014] An air stream device for discharging a mixture of particles/air from the grinding chamber is arranged in connection with the grinding chamber, which air stream device has at least one grinding chamber coaxial to the axis of the grinding chamber. grinding, which is on its own rod, driven through a separate fan drive mechanism, to rotate the fan rotor independently of the rotors. This allows to feed the particulate/air mixture created in the crushing chamber into and out of the crushing chamber, whereby preferably the fan speed, in particular in interaction with the control of the size of the inlet area, can also be controlled , for an optimized separation of the material conglomerate. The feed material is usually broken up by the blow tools so that a high number of dust particles occurs. If valuable components are contained in these dust particles, the fan can be switched to a high number of revolutions, whereby the “valuable” powder can be transported to a settling or flotation vessel to be collected for further preparation. dust is to the unwanted part, the fan can be switched to a low number of revolutions. The valuable components of the material conglomerates can to a large extent be completely emptied in this way, in which case fine dust escapes or can be supplied to a In addition, a clear separation of this type of conglomerate components of the material can be achieved, whereas hitherto this has only been possible with much more complex procedures, eg chemical processes.
    [015] The material particles are still obligatorily discharged from the crushing chamber through the air stream equipment after they have been sufficiently crushed and, thus, do not prevent the larger particles from being crushed successfully. On the other hand, it is ensured that small particles of material, which sometimes even create dust, are also safely transported from the crushing chamber to the preparation area, where they can be separated or isolated from the air stream through separators, in particular centrifugal separators, especially cyclones. Following isolation, a procedural step, e.g. ex. a density separation, to separate the ore content from the slag, to thereby obtain the desired ore content.
    [016] An inlet area is formed in the form of a gap with the width “d” between the hopper and the feeder cone. In this way, the raw material is uniformly introduced over the entire rotational area of the grinding chamber. The areas of the inlet area, ie the distance “d” between the hopper and the feed cone, are adjustable. The ground current supplied in this way can easily be controlled through the width “d” of the input area. Additionally, through this control of the width “d” of the inlet area between the hopper and the feed cone, the maximum conglomerate diameter supplied can be limited, which in turn contributes to increasing the efficiency of the entire piece of equipment. Additionally, the airflow in the device can also be controlled by controlling the width of the entrance area. Together with the fan rotor control via the electronic control, it is possible to set a well-adjusted particle stream suitable for the intended effect. The definition of the inlet area perfectly interacts with the individual fan rotor control. In this way, it is possible to define and even precisely regulate the retention times of particles in the grinding chamber and, therefore, the degree of grinding.
    [017] To easily define the size of the inlet area, the hopper is preferably held in an axial direction so that it can slide. This solution is technically simple to implement and is very effective.
    [018] The inlet area formed between the hopper and the feed cone is at least largely identically constructed around the central axis of the crushing chamber, to ensure a uniform feed and thus a crushing effect uniform throughout the rotational area of the grinding chamber.
    [019] In an advantageous improvement of the invention, the device has a control to drive the fan, and there is a powder sensor at the supply end, where the fan drive can be controlled, depending on the output signal of the powder sensor . It can thus be achieved that - provided it contains valuable components - the powder is supplied to a fine particle recovery plant, e.g. ex. a cage or float chamber. Otherwise, it can be supplied to a dust collector, to implement an ecological solution.
    [020] It is advantageous in this case if the fan control and drive allow the fan rotor to be operated at different rotational speeds, and the rotational speed can be regulated depending on the output signal of the powder sensor. The particle stream in the grinding chamber can be adjusted very precisely to the particle fractions that are likely to be expected.
    [021] In an advantageous development of the invention, the blowing tools are placed at various levels of a rotor, offset from each other. This results in effective and uniform crushing of the raw material.
    [022] In an advantageous improvement of the invention, the rotors have a rotor casing in sections that run consecutively from the supply end to the output end, whose radius remains constant along the axial length of the crushing chamber. In this way, the rotors are designed against the stream of particles moving at high speed, and the stream of particles is limited in a definite way in the area of the rotors. In this way, the rotor is preferably also covered by the feed cone, so that the material flow in this area is reduced.
    [023] The rotors preferably have a rotor housing in the form of a cylinder with a constant radius. This means: the radius or base area of the cylinder is the same in all sections. A rotor casing of this type primarily prevents material from being trapped in the rotor. Second, a cylinder is easy to manufacture. The cylinder can have a polygonal or round, for example circular, base area. A cylinder base area that is circular is appropriate because it is easy to clean, prevents material from adhering, and minimizes wear and tear. In case the cylinder has a polygonal base area, a certain amount of leverage for the particles can be achieved, i.e. particles falling on the rotor housing are again transported out through the edges of the polygon, to the range of action of the tools for blows. A polygonal base area, e.g. ex. quadratic or star-shaped, it is therefore suitable if you want to obtain a high degree of crushing efficiency in an improved interaction with the punching tools.
    [024] The rotor casing preferably includes several interchangeable rotor casing components, supported on the rotor. When transferring the material particles to the outer radial region of the crushing chamber, the rotor casing is exposed to a certain degree of wear and tear, so that only the rotor casing elements have to be exchanged, which is considerably cheaper than if you had to change the entire rotor. Additionally, the rotor housing protects the rotor components located further inside, e.g. ex. the bearings.
    [025] The retainer bars, which run axially or at an inclination and which divert the flow of material from the rotor casing in the direction of the radius of action of the tools for blows, are preferably placed in the rotor casing. The retainer bars axially and radially extending into the grinding chamber are preferably formed at least on the second or penultimate rotor, in the direction of material flow. These retaining bars carry particles of material with them and accelerate them radially outward, so that this material can be reintroduced into the radius of action of the blow tools, and can be effectively broken there.
    [026] While it is essentially possible to use a drive mechanism for the rotors and allow the direction of rotation in the opposite direction and different rotational speeds through corresponding gears, it is preferable that each rotor has its own drive mechanism, which can be operated or controlled independently of the other rotors. In this way, the rotational speeds can be individually adjusted to different conglomerates of material to be released, which, with a single drive for all rotors, can be implemented in a more complex way.
    [027] The tools for blows are preferably removable or can be exchanged through a fixing device formed in the rotor, and as a result can be easily exchanged.
    [028] The fastening device preferably includes plates that are concentric to each other, which are firmly arranged at an axial distance from each other in the rotor, these plates having holes that are concentric to each other, which can be penetrated by screws, which in turn pass through recesses in the mounting part of the punching tools. The mounting parts of the blowing tools can therefore, for example, contain a recess or a hole, which is penetrated by a screw between two plates. The mounting part of the punching tool can therefore, for example, be formed by at least one chain link or a perforation. This makes it possible to secure the blow tools to the rotor so that they can be easily removed.
    [029] The clamping device preferably has at least two receptacles for the blowing tools, axially offset from each other. In this way, the blowing tools can be axially deflected reciprocally, but fixed to the rotor, so that they overlap in the circumferential direction, which produces a high efficiency.
    [030] The tools for blows are preferably formed, in a known way, through chains and/or deflectors. These are manufactured on an industrial scale and can be obtained from the market at low cost.
    [031] In an advantageous improvement of the invention, at least one rotor that goes in the material feed direction has more tools for blows than the rotor placed in front. As a result, the frequency of particle collisions with blow tools in the lowest high energy radius increases, where the rotors rotate at high speed, which aids the process of breaking up virtually all material conglomerates.
    [032] In an advantageous development of the invention, a uniform base is arranged under the grinding chamber, at the outlet end. This is preferably formed directly under the fan so that, through the fan, the crushed material can be discharged radially to desired preparation and disposal areas. Therefore, a fine particle recovery installation can be connected to the outlet end of the device, e.g. ex. to a cage chamber or a cyclone, enabling the recovery of “valuable” powder for further preparation. Naturally, a dust collector can also be connected to the outlet end of the device to, for example, collect dust for disposal or for preparing the air current.
    [033] In an advantageous improvement of the invention, the fine particle recovery installation or the dust collector can optionally be connected to the outlet end through a controlled guide mechanism, which allows to easily control the material flow in line with individual orders to prepare different fractions of particles. This solution can be implemented particularly easily with a uniform base, as described above.
    [034] The guide mechanism can preferably be controlled via the powder sensor signal. In this way, both the inlet area and the fan as well as the particulate discharge can be controlled with the dust sensor.
    [035] Preferably, the impact bars that are axial or at an inclination are found in the crushing chamber wall, in which the material flow impacts and which diverts the material flow from the crushing chamber wall backwards in the direction of the sphere of influence of the blow tools, so that this material later re-enters the range of action of the blow tools and can be effectively broken there.
    [036] The milling chamber wall radius is constant or preferably increases from the supply end to the output end, which leads to particles not collected in the milling chamber wall area, but always returns to the tooling area for blows, where they are broken. In principle, the milling chamber wall radius can even be reduced, which can, however, be problematic due to an increased risk of congestion. If the milling chamber wall radius increases downwards, the increase can occur continuously or in stages.
    [037] At least if it is cylindrical, the grinding chamber wall contains deflection ribs around it, with which the material flow is diverted from the grinding chamber wall to the radius of action of the blowing tools. In this way, a high degree of efficiency in separating the material conglomerates is obtained. As an alternative or in addition to the deflection ribs, the diameter of the crushing chamber can also increase from the inlet end (or also the supply end) to the outlet end, resulting in a deviation of the material stream in the direction of the radius of action. of blowing tools, through gravity and forced air current.
    [038] The combination of technical characteristics explained above causes, firstly, the impact energy of the material conglomerates that increases towards the exit end, and simultaneously the density of the particles, which must ultimately lead to the material conglomerates entering into contact with the blow tools and impact bars with a high degree of impact energy in the last section before they are discharged from the crushing chamber, which leads to material conglomerates that are spread out without being crushed as in the prior art. The size of the metal particles contained in the material conglomerates is thus not reduced. The resulting fine particles of material are inevitably transported through an additional stream and air device towards the outlet end of the crushing chamber to a preparation area, in which the material particles are isolated from the air stream, in which the Retention time of the fine particles of material in the grinding chamber can be regulated through the air stream device. Preferably centrifugal separators, such as cyclones, are suitable for this purpose.
    [039] The device of the invention thus allows an effective crushing, separation or release, for example, of metals and mineral compounds contained in Fe or non-ferrous ores or metals from the slag or sizing, which is hardly possible with known devices according to the prior art. In this regard, the invention uses a construction that leads to the impact energy of the material conglomerates to be released in the tools for blows and/or impact bars in the crushing chamber which is maximized, without the metal components themselves being crushed in the process. . Therefore, even the smallest components of the composite material can still be conveniently isolated economically. Therefore, the invention achieves the highest degree of impact energy from the material conglomerates to be separated, which, even in the case of only a small crushing effect, causes the material conglomerates to be broken up and released.
    [040] Additionally, an aspect of the invention is to increase the kinetic energy of as many material particles as possible in the grinding chamber, so as to achieve that the material particles or material conglomerates are, with a certain energy level impact, impacted with tools for blows or impact bars. Applicant has found that such impact energy causes the material conglomerates to break relatively safely without the metal components themselves being crushed too much.
    [041] To increase the number of material particle interactions or material conglomerates in the crushing chamber, impact rails can be formed in the crushing chamber wall, or the number of tools for extending blows can be increased inward axially and radially. After acceleration using the blow tools, the material particles bounce against the impact bars and then depart.
    [042] The invention is explained below based on the grinding chamber with three sections. It has, however, to be clarified that the invention also works in the same way with two sections, or also with four or more sections. The axial crushing chamber sections correspond to the axial regions of the rotors.
    [043] In case the rotors follow in the material feed direction, the blow tools can be arranged as a constant number or different. Therefore, in the case of the first rotor, for example, i.e. the rotor in the first section, the number of blowing tools can be even smaller, since the function of this section is to transport the material particles radially outwards, from so as to be directed towards the radius of action of the punching tools of the subsequent rotors, in which there are already more punching tools arranged on the first rotor. Retainer bars can, moreover, be formed in the rotor casing of the first rotor, to effectively transport the material particles in the radially outer area of the crushing chamber.
    [044] Optionally, remarkably more punching tools can be placed in the second rotor, i.e. the rotor in the second section, than in the first rotor. The intent of the blow tools is to accelerate the material particles that exist more and more in greater density outward and downward toward the exit end. The rotor housing of the second rotor may also have retainer bars or a polygonal base to transport the particles to the radially outwardly located area, where they are strongly accelerated towards the third rotor by numerous tools for striking the acceleration chamber.
    [045] Preferably most of the blowing tools are placed in the third rotor, i.e. in the rotor in the third section before the exit, and are more likely to break the strongly accelerated material particles.
    [046] The increasing number of tools to strike in consecutive sections, as well as the higher rotational speed in consecutive sections, together with the opposite rotational direction, thus cause, in all transitional areas, from one section to the next a maximization of impact energy, which leads to an effective mechanical release of material conglomerates. The conglomerates of broken materials into their individual components can then be separated from one another after they have been discharged from the grinding chamber into inherently known shredding or separating devices such as float separators, wind separators, magnetic separators, etc.
    [047] To implement a maximization of the impact energy of the metal particles in the grinding chamber, as well as to ensure the impact of a metal particle on a punching tool, it has been found to be advantageous to secure the punching tools. top to bottom, offset relative to each other by each rotor (see Fig. 3).
    [048] The rotor speeds (rotational speeds) can, in this example, in the three sections, from top to bottom, go up to 800, 1200 and 1500 revolutions/min. respectively, wherein the rotors in the first and second section rotate in the same direction, and in the second and third sections rotate in the opposite direction from each other. The absolute speed of the tools for striking in the outer area of the third section (high speed impact chamber) is therefore greater than 150 m/s. This means that, together with the counter-acceleration of the particles in the pre-treatment chamber and the acceleration chamber, impact velocities in excess of 200 m/s can be achieved.
    [049] The impact energy is calculated by the rotational speed of a rotor together with the weight of a tool for blowing and the diameter of the crushing chambers. In other words: To achieve excellent crushing or release (particle size or also grain size) different rotational speeds are tested to obtain the required impact energy.
    [050] In this way, the impact velocity and therefore the impact energies of the metal particles when they come into contact with the striking tools and/or impact bars in the crushing chamber are maximized within the limits of what is physically possible and appropriate.
    [051] Strike tools are designed in an inherently known way, as can be seen, for example, in DE 10 2005 046 207. They can therefore be formed from chains and/or deflectors or from combinations of that kind of elements. Finally, the design of the blow tools is not relevant to the invention.
    [052] The blowing tools are preferably articulated with the rotors, so that they always remain in their horizontal position. Therefore, high rotational speeds (as in the case of conventional chains) are not necessary to place the punching tools in the horizontal position. Additionally, as a result, multiple punching tools can be placed on one rotor, deflected from each other because they are no longer suspended when the machine is turned off, possibly ending up getting lost in the process. The movable configuration of the punching tools in such a way that they can only be moved in one plane on an axis normal to the cylindrical axis of the grinding chamber is therefore highly advantageous. It is also possible to provide for securing the punching tools at least to the rotors in an almost rigid manner.
    [053] Of course, the invention is not limited to the use of metal particles in slag, it can also be used in all kinds of material conglomerates consisting of materials of different densities or elasticity.
    [054] If the rotor of each section has its own drive mechanism, the rotors can be separately driven through rods that are concentric to each other through drive mechanisms placed at one end of the crushing chamber, or the drive mechanisms can be found radially within the rotor casings of the corresponding rotors, in particular in the form of external gearmotors.
    [055] Both the milling chamber wall and the blow tools and the rotor casing preferably consist of hard, impact resistant materials such as metal composites or ceramic metal. The rotor casing and crushing chamber wall can optionally be lined up with wear plates.
    [056] The invention is described below, for example, based on the schematic drawing. Displays the following:Fig. 1 A longitudinal section through a mechanical milling device of the invention with three rotors; Fig. 2 A perspective view of a shaft with three rotors and one fan rotor of Fig. 1.
    [057] Figure 1 shows a material crushing and separating device 10, which has a hopper 11 and a feeder cone 12, which are arranged in a cylindrical crushing chamber 14. The clearance "d" between the hopper 11 and the Feeder cone 12 can be adjusted using a hopper height adjustment system (not shown) in the direction of the cylindrical axis of the crushing chamber. Both provide a homogeneous controlled supply of material over the entire range of action of the crushing device, without damaging or wearing out its components, i.e. a complete 360° feed area relative to the cylindrical crushing chamber. Underneath the crushing chamber a horizontal distribution tray 16 is placed, from which a passage 17 leads to a cage chamber 19. The hopper 11, the feeder cone 12, the crushing chamber 14 and the distribution tray 16 they are connected to each other and rest on a frame 18 schematically shown in Figure 1. The cylindrical grinding chamber 14 is arranged vertical with its axis. Three concentric rods are provided in the center of the crushing chamber 14, to which a first rotor 26, a second rotor 28 located below it and a lower third rotor 30 at the outlet end are connected. As can be inferred, in particular, also from the perspective representation in Fig. 2, these three concentric rods are driven by separate drive mechanisms, which are not shown in the present example, but which are inherently known. The drive mechanisms allow the three rotors 26, 28 and 30 to be controlled separately via sprockets 20, 22 and 24, with a desired rotational direction and a desired rotational speed. Each rotor has a cylindrical rotor casing 34, the diameter of which is identical in the case of all three rotors 26, 28 and 30. Each rotor further contains a clamping device 36 for punching tools 38, which are attached to the clamping device 36 of the rotors 26, 28 and 30. The blow tools 38 remain in a horizontal position, that is, transverse to the rotor axis, regardless of the rotation of the rotors.
    [058] A fan rotor 31 that rotates coaxially to the rotor axis, which has fan blades 35, which are mounted on a separate rod 33, which is driven through its own drive mechanism (not shown) underneath the rotors 26, 28 and 30 as an airflow device. Therefore, the fan rotor 31 can be operated independently of the rotors 26, 28 and 30, preferably also its rotational speed. The fan rotor 31 is driven through a part sprocket 25.
    [059] The distribution tray 16, from which the crushed particles are transported to the cage chamber 19 through passage 17 via the fan rotor 31, is located directly under the fan rotor 31. Instead of or additionally in another sector of the distribution tray, another device for separating material, e.g. ex. a gravity separator, a rotational separator, such as a cyclone, over another passage 17.
    [060] The construction of the crushing chamber 14 can, moreover, be seen in detail in Figure 1. Correspondingly, the crushing chamber 14 contains a wall of the crushing chamber 42, on the inside of which, facing to the crushing chamber, wear plates 44 can be attached, which protect the wall of the crushing chamber. The wear plates are preferably fixed to the wall of the grinding chamber so that they can be exchanged. In addition, the impact bars 46 are arranged to run vertically on the interior wall of the grinding chamber 14 at a distance of 45 degrees, which serves as an impact surface for the material accelerated by the punch tools 38.
    [061] Deflection ribs 48, 49 are preferably provided all the way around a level in the area of the first and second rotors, which are in particular placed in a circular formation on the inside of the grinding chamber wall 42 and they serve to guide the flow of material from the wall of the grinding chamber 42 into the radius of action of the punching tools 38.
    [062] The design of the rotors is clearly visible in Fig. 2, which shows a perspective representation of the rotor configuration inserted centrally in Fig. 1.
    [063] The fixture 36 of each rotor 26, 28 and 30 preferably comprises four discs 50, 52, 54 and 56 concentric to each other, which have holes 58 that are concentric to each other. This type of concentric holes 58 can be penetrated by screws 60, which pass through the holes in the end 26, 28 or 30 of the punching tools 38 facing the rotor, thus identifying the latter in the rotor. The fixing device can, however, be designed in a different way.
    [064] In the present example, in the case of each rotor 26, 28 and 30 the blow tools 38 can be set in three different height positions between the four discs 50, 52, 54 and 56. In spite of the rotors 26, 28 and 30 are also provided identically in the present model, the rotors located further down can also be made to have a greater number of options for securing the blow tools or to have a greater number of blow tools suspended from the lower rotors of the than the upper rotors, as can be seen in the example. For example, more concentric discs can be built in the lower rotors, and fewer concentric discs in the upper rotors. In any case, it is always worth it that the density of the punching tools in the lower combined separation area, where high particle speeds prevail, is higher, improving the efficiency of the equipment.
    [065] In the present design, deflectors 38 are provided which are attached to the fixture 36 of rotors 26, 28 and 30. Instead of deflectors, chain links or other inherently common punching tools can also be used. When the rotor is stopped, the blow tools are normally suspended and are pressed out by the rotational force with a higher rotational speed until they obtain the operational orientation shown in the figure, where they point radially outwards from the rotor 26, 28 or 30 respectively in the grinding chamber direction 42.
    [066] The crushing mechanism in the crushing and separation chamber can be set through the rotors 26, 28 and 30, while the flow conditions and therefore also the retention times of the ultrafine particles in the crushing chamber can be defined through the gap “d” between the hopper and the feed cone, as well as through the fan rotor control 31. As a result, to ensure an excellent separation of the components contained in the material conglomerate, it is possible to control the crushing and separation device in order to be adapted to the specific conglomerates of the material.
    [067] The operation of the material crushing device is explained briefly below:
    [068] The material to be separated, p. ex. metal-containing ores, metal-containing industrial slag or slag with metal inclusions, is supplied in a controlled manner through hopper 11 and feeder cone 12, namely by adjusting clearance "d" through vertical adjustment of hopper 12 of crushing chamber 14 of the crushing device 10. The coarse material falls there initially due to its heavy weight, and, in the course of increasing crushing in the crushing device 10, it is sucked by the fan rotor 31 towards the dispensing tray, where it is blown. of the distribution tray 16 in the direction to continue preparation, p. ex. a cage chamber 19, a density separation or rotational separation device (eg a cyclone).
    [069] The rotors 26, 28 and 30 always preferably rotate in opposite directions from each other, that is, with alternate rotational directions, where the rotational speed can preferably increase from top to bottom. The rotational speed of the upper rotor can, for example, go up to 800 revolutions/min, while the central rotor rotates at 1200 revolutions/min and the rotor at less than 1500 revolutions/min. The downwardly flowing material is partially crushed by punching tools 38 in the uppermost first rotor 26, and partially accelerated in the circumferential direction of the rotor. The material either collides with the impact bars 46 or the punching tools 38 on the central rotor 28 which rotates in the opposite direction, where particles from the material flow now, due to earlier acceleration by the upper rotor in the opposite direction, collide to a higher speed, the result of which is a significant increase in the crushing effect. Additionally, also in the case of the second central rotor, the rotational speed can be greater than in the case of the first rotor 26, so that, also in this case, the impact on the material particles is greater than in the case of the upper rotor . Additionally, the material particles hit the vertically running impact bars 46, and are also crushed there. The material that hits down in the area of the grinding chamber wall 42 is again transported by the deflection ribs 48 back to the area located inside the grinding chamber 14 radially, where it is guided into the radius of action of the punching tools 38 Since the blow tools on each rotor are at various heights (see Figure 3), there is a high probability that each particle material will collide with a blow tool, which increases the effectiveness of the device.
    [070] The third lowest rotor 30 in the exit area can rotate at the highest speed. Furthermore, in this case, it must be remembered that, through the second central rotor 28, the material particles are subjected to a greater acceleration in the opposite direction, so that the particles now collide with the lower rotor 30, rotating in the opposite direction. at a correspondingly higher counter speed. Preferably most of the punching tools 38 are located in the area of the lower rotor 30, so that there is a high probability here that the particles will collide with the punching tools 30 or the vertical impact bars 46. This leads to a crushing of very effective stuff.
    [071] The invention is not limited to the present model, as variations are possible within the scope of protection of the following claims.
    [072] A large amount of impact energy from material conglomerates to be separated against the blow tools with the invention is achieved, where the broken particles can be efficiently transported to continue the preparation. Additionally, material separation can be controlled by effectively regulating the material flow, in particular the flow of ultra-fine particles.
    [073] In particular, the number and distribution of blow tools may differ from the example presented. Several different blowing tools can be used, such as chains and deflectors. Many tools can be distributed to strike over the circumference in the area of the rotor lower than in the areas higher up. This makes the third section area increase the probability of collisions.
    [074] The wall of the crushing chamber may have a sector that can be opened to access the crushing chamber possible, for example, to carry out maintenance work. Consumables, such as blow tools 38 or wear plates 44, can thus be more easily exchanged.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [0001]
    1. Device (10) for mechanically grinding material conglomerates consisting of materials of varying density and/or consistency, characterized in that it comprises a grinding chamber (14) having a supply side and a discharge side, which grinding chamber is closed by a grinding chamber wall (42), in particular cylindrical and/or circular conical, widened downwards and having at least two successive portions in the axial direction, in each of which at least one rotor (26, 28, 30 ) is disposed coaxially with the crushing chamber, each rotor having a rotor shaft and having impact tools (38) that extend substantially radially in the crushing chamber at least during operation, the rotors having (26, 28, 30) opposite directions of rotation in at least two successive portions, dissipation ribs (48) being arranged in an annular fashion inside the milling chamber wall at axial intervals and/or where the radius of the wall of the crushing chamber (42) rises from top to bottom, characterized in that a delivery cone (12) is arranged above the crushing chamber (14) on the supply side and covers the central region of the rotors, in which an inlet funnel (11) is arranged above the delivery cone (12), an inlet region of adjustable size (d) being formed between the inlet funnel and the delivery cone, and wherein an air flow device is arranged to guide a mixture of particles / air produced in the crushing chamber, connected to the crushing chamber, in which the air flow device having at least one fan rotor (31) which is arranged coaxially with the axis of the crushing chamber and has its own shaft (33) which is driven by its own fan drive, so as to rotate the fan rotor independently of the rotors.
    [0002]
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance (d) between the inlet funnel and the delivery cone can be adjusted.
    [0003]
    3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the inlet funnel (11) is arranged coaxially with the central axis of the grinding chamber, so as to be displaceable in the axial direction.
    [0004]
    4. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the inlet region formed between the inlet funnel (11) and the delivery cone (12) is formed at least substantially identically on the axis center of the grinding chamber (14).
    [0005]
    5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has a control system for the activation of the fan in which a dust sensor is arranged on the supply side, and the activation of the fan can be controlled in function of the dust sensor output signal.
    [0006]
    6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the control system and fan drive allows the operation of the fan rotor (31) at different speeds of rotation and that the speed of rotation can be controlled depending on the output signal of the dust sensor.
    [0007]
    7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the impact tools (38) are arranged offset from one another in several planes.
    [0008]
    8. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, in successive parts from the supply side to the discharge side, the rotors (26, 28, 30) have a rotor casing (34 ), whose radius remains constant along the axial length of the crushing chamber.
    [0009]
    9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each rotor (26, 28, 30) has its own drive that is controllable independently of the other rotors.
    [0010]
    10. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that each rotor (26, 28, 30) has a fastening device (36) to releasably fasten the impact tools (38) .
    [0011]
    11. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a rotor (28, 30) downstream in the material delivery direction has more impact tools than the rotor (26, 28) upstream.
    [0012]
    12. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a flat distributor plate (16) is arranged below the crushing chamber on the discharge side.
    [0013]
    13. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the deflector strips (46), which extend axially or obliquely, are arranged on the wall of the grinding chamber.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP2016530097A|2016-09-29|
    RU2628498C1|2017-08-17|
    CN105555408A|2016-05-04|
    CA2923948C|2017-12-19|
    AU2014323337A1|2016-04-14|
    ES2552203T3|2015-11-26|
    AU2014323337B2|2016-11-03|
    EP2851122B1|2015-10-14|
    US10525478B2|2020-01-07|
    BR112016005916A2|2017-08-01|
    US20160228879A1|2016-08-11|
    PE20160484A1|2016-05-11|
    DE102013110352A1|2015-03-19|
    JP6257781B2|2018-01-10|
    CL2016000644A1|2016-10-07|
    WO2015039855A1|2015-03-26|
    CN105555408B|2017-10-20|
    CA2923948A1|2015-03-26|
    MX2016003376A|2016-10-28|
    ZA201601604B|2017-11-29|
    PL2851122T3|2016-03-31|
    EP2851122A1|2015-03-25|
    PT2851122E|2015-11-20|
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    法律状态:
    2019-12-24| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-04-13| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-05-25| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 29/08/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102013110352.9|2013-09-19|
    DE102013110352.9A|DE102013110352A1|2013-09-19|2013-09-19|comminution device|
    PCT/EP2014/068389|WO2015039855A1|2013-09-19|2014-08-29|Comminuting device|
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