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    REGULATORY COMPOSITION OF PLANT GROWTH AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURE AND USE OF THE SAME Regulatory compositions of the growth of water-soluble plants in the form of granules and methods to produce and use them. The granules comprise an active medium, a vehicle medium and, optionally, a surfactant, wherein the active medium comprises: a gibberellin, a cytokinin, and an auxin. The compositions of the invention are shelf stable and can be completely dissolved in water before application to a plant or seed.
    公开号:BR112016005449B1
    申请号:R112016005449-0
    申请日:2014-09-12
    公开日:2021-02-02
    发明作者:Phil Wikeley；Kevin Forney；Greg Johnson
    申请人:Fine Agrochemicals Limited；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [001] This application claims priority to US Provisional Application No. 61 / 877,474, filed on September 13, 2013, the entire amount of which is incorporated herein by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [002] The present invention relates generally to growth-regulating compositions of water-soluble plants in the form of granules, and more particularly to growth-regulating compositions comprising an active medium, a vehicle medium and, optionally, a surfactant , in which the active medium comprises a gibberellin, a cytokinin and an auxin. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [003] Plant growth regulators, such as auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins are useful to influence a variety of plant development processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, sexual expression, enzyme induction, size and quality of the fruits, as well as the senescence of the leaves and fruits.
    [004] For example, growth stimulators based on naturally occurring and synthetic auxins, such as indolacetic acid and naphthalene acetic acid, are known to induce stem elongation and promote root formation. Other synthetic auxins include 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA); 2,4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D); 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T); 2- (4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy) propionic acid (CMPP); 4- (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid (2,4-DB); 2,4,5-trichlorobenzoic acid (TBA); and 3,5-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), for example. All of the above acids are active in the form of their salts and esters, such as their sodium, potassium, ammonium, dimethylamine and ethanolamine salts, and their lower alkyl esters. Many of these synthetic auxins are being used commercially as effective herbicides, and some of them are known to negatively affect the morphogenesis of treated plants. Some auxins, however, such as 3-indolbutyric acid (3-IBA), have been shown to exhibit high instability in aqueous systems.
    [005] Cytokinin-based preparations, such as 6-furfurylamino purine and 6-benzylamino, are also known to be growth promoters. However, preparations based on cytokinins that have a decisive influence on the stimulation of cell division rarely produce a desirable effect in the absence of auxins. Although the mechanism by which cytokinins affect the plant growth cycle is far from being understood, it is clear that they affect leaf growth and prevent aging in certain plants. Although the action of cytokinins on the growth of cultivated plants has been extensively studied, these plant hormones have not found wide application in the growth of the plant, since it must be applied in specific concentrations in parts per million. These critical application rates process preparations based on highly impractical cytokines in an agricultural environment.
    [006] Of all known stimulators, the most widely used is a series of natural plant hormones generically called "gibberellins". Gibberellins are used to accelerate or regulate the various stages of plant development, particularly the growth, efflorescence, germination and parthenocarpy of higher plants. A series of related compounds, identified as gibberellin A1 to A44 were obtained by microbiological synthesis, and the various compounds isolated from the culture broth of Gibberella fujikuroi and from various plants, including certain grains. The main component of gibberellins used in practice is gibberellin A3, also known as gibberellic acid.
    [007] Although gibberellins are highly effective as substances promoting or regulating the growth of plants, their use is quite limited due to their expense and insufficient performance in low concentrations. As a result, considerable research has focused on the search for synergistic agents that can be used to increase the activity of gibberellins. Such a synergistic agent for use with gibberellins that have been discovered and put to practical use is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,507,144 to Aloni. This patent describes a composition consisting of auxin naphthalenoacetic acid (NAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) used for application to growing plants, in order to increase the fiber content of the plants. However, the patented composition does not find wide application in plants other than those described as being used as a source of commercial fibers, and shows little efficacy in stimulating the growth, flowering and fruiting of vegetable crops. In addition, since the composition described is applied to the plant as an aqueous spray, appreciably quantities of the composition flow down into the soil, and are not absorbed and assimilated systemically by the plant. Another disadvantage of the particular aqueous composition described by Aloni, which is especially specific when a spraying technique is used, is the reduction in crop quality caused by the inability to achieve equally uniform application of the aqueous spray to the various parts of the treated plant. Another disadvantage lies in the relatively high water requirements for the preparation of the reference compositions, the water consumption being up to 800 liters per hectare.
    [008] Gibberellin solution formulations are disadvantageous in several respects. Solutions, such as those of GA4 + 7 in propylene glycol, are less concentrated due to the low solubility of the active ingredients, and have limited stability. Of the solvents used today, isopropyl alcohol and methyl alcohol offer serious disadvantages, such as flammability and toxicity, which lead to restrictions in the manufacture, packaging, labeling, transportation and storage of such solutions. THFA, used in some of the formulations, is considered corrosive to the eye and skin. In addition, the low solubility of gibberellins in propylene glycol does not allow the preparation of formulations in high potency solution. These low strength solution formulations also require larger packaging, more storage space, and the associated associated costs of transport, storage and disposal. Due to the very low solubility and undesirable hydrolysis, it has not been possible to formulate gibberellins in aqueous systems.
    [009] Some plant growth regulators can be prepared in the form of water-dispersible granules. To prepare the water-dispersible granules for spray application, they are dispersed in water and form a suspension by stirring. Many water-dispersible granular formulations are known for different agricultural chemicals. For example, EP 0 252 897 and United States Patent No. 4,936,901 describe plant growth regulators encapsulated in water-dispersible granular formulations; and U.S. Patent No. 5,622,658 discloses an extrusion-susceptible composition for preparing water-dispersible granules. U.S. Pat. No. 6,984,609 describes a water-soluble granular composition including at least 40% of at least one gibberellin as a plant growth regulator, at least one binder, at least one disaccharide and at least one surfactant.
    [010] Water-dispersible granules generally have no moisture content greater than eight percent, and form suspensions when added to aqueous solutions. The resulting suspension must be stirred for a period of time in order to disperse it completely. The stirring or bypass recirculation of the mixing tank must also be maintained during application. The quality of the water-dispersible granules is highly dependent on the process and the active ingredient, and can result in low-yield recoveries, poor resistance to friction leading to potential dust, high manufacturing cost and poor dispersion. Generally, sprays of granular formulations dispersed in dissolved water leave undesirable insoluble residues on the treated foliage and fruits.
    [011] For plant growth regulators such as gibberellins to be effective, the active ingredient must be solubilized in the mixing tank prior to application. Otherwise, the effectiveness of the product will be seriously affected. When dispersing granules in water are used, the producer may not often be able to perceive if he had reached the total solubility of the active ingredient in the spray solutions. In addition, water-dispersible granules may become hardened over time and thus result in poor dispersibility and solubility of the active ingredient. Dust and agglomeration can be problems with certain water dispersible granules and powder formulations.
    [012] Attempts have been made to combine several plant growth regulators into a single formulation. Patent No. 5,188,655, for example, describes a mixture of gibberellins, indole-3-acetic acid heteroauxin and cytokinin 6- (4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-trans-betenylamino) purine in defined proportions. In addition to the aforementioned problems with plant growth regulation granules, gibberellins of the composition with certain other plant growth regulators, however, have been shown, in particular, to increase the granule instability and reduce solubility. Therefore, there is a need for plant growth regulator formulations that provide high potency and rapid solubility, and avoid the problems associated with conventional formulations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [013] In one embodiment, the invention is a Water-soluble plant growth regulating composition in the form of granules comprising an active medium, a vehicle medium and, optionally, a surfactant, in which the active medium comprises a gibberellin, a cytokinin, and an auxin. Preferably, the composition has a solubility greater than 1 g / 100 g of water, for example, greater than 5 g / 100 g of water or greater than 10 g / 100 g of water, at 25 ° C.
    [014] Gibberellin is optionally selected from the group consisting of GA3, GA4, GA5, GA7 and their combinations. Cytokinin is optionally selected from the group consisting of kinetin, 6-BAP, 1- (2-chloropyridin-4-yl) -3-phenylurea (CPPU), and TDZ. Auxin is optionally selected from the group consisting of 3-indolbutyric acid, 3-indolacetic acid, 1-naphthylacetic acid, 3-indolbutyric acid, and salts and esters thereof. The optional surfactant is preferably selected from the group consisting of: alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, Oxoalcohol PO-EO adducts, and the salts and mixtures thereof, and, optionally, in an amount of 1 to 20 weight percent.
    [015] The composition may comprise one or more micronutrients, for example, chelating agents, optionally selected from the group consisting of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citrate salts. The one or more optional micronutrients can comprise one or more nitrogen sources.
    [016] The composition optionally comprises gibberellin in an amount of 0.001 to 10% by weight, cytokinin in an amount of 0.001 to 10% by weight, and auxin in an amount of 0.001 to 10% by weight, based on total weight of the granules.
    [017] In one aspect, gibberellin comprises gibberellin GA4, cytokinin comprises kinetin, and auxin comprises indole-3-butyric acid. In some respects, gibberellin comprises a mixture of gibberellin GA4 and gibberellin GA7.
    [018] The active medium can have an average particle size of 1 to 5 μm as determined by particle size analysis by laser diffraction.
    [019] The carrier medium preferably comprises lactose monohydrate.
    [020] The granules optionally comprise the vehicle medium in an amount of 70 to 99% by weight, based on the total weight of the granules. The vehicle medium is preferably soluble in water.
    [021] In another embodiment, the invention is a process for preparing a liquid plant growth regulating composition, comprising dissolving any of the aforementioned compositions in water to form the liquid plant growth regulating composition. In this embodiment, water can be supplied in an amount sufficient to provide an auxin concentration of 0.3 to 10.5 ppm by weight, a cytokinin concentration of 0.6 to 20.9 ppm by weight and a concentration of gibberellin from 0.2 to 7.0 ppm by weight (ppm by weight being ppm on a weight basis).
    [022] In another embodiment, the invention is a process for regulating plant growth comprising: (a) dissolving the composition as described above or, in general, or preferred and / or optional modalities in water to form a composition plant growth regulating liquid, and (b) applying the liquid plant growth regulating composition to a plant or seed. Step (b) optionally comprises applying the liquid plant growth regulating composition to a seed, the process further comprising planting the seeds. Alternatively, step (b) comprises applying the liquid plant growth regulating composition to a seed groove during the planting operation. Alternatively, step (b) comprises applying the liquid plant growth regulating composition to a plant.
    [023] In another embodiment, the invention is a process for the preparation of a water-soluble plant growth regulating composition in the form of granules, the process comprising the steps of: (a) mixing a gibberellin, a cytokinin into powder , an auxin, a vehicle medium and optionally a surfactant to form a powder mixture; (b) adding water to the powder mixture in an amount sufficient to form an extrudable paste; (c) extruding the paste to form an extrudate; (d) cutting the extrusion to form wet granules; and (e) drying the wet granules to a water content of less than 5% by weight, and forming the plant growth regulating composition in the form of granules. The process further comprises, optionally, grinding gibberellin, cytokinin and auxin in the grinding mill before the mixing step. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [024] The present invention relates to a water-soluble plant growth regulating composition in the form of granules, comprising an active medium, a vehicle medium and, optionally, a surfactant, wherein the active medium comprises a gibberellin, a cytokinin, and an auxin. It has now been discovered that compositions containing these plant growth regulators can advantageously be prepared in the form of stable water-soluble granules, even at higher levels of gibberellin loading. The invention also relates to processes for making and using such plant growth regulating compositions. The composition desirably has an overall solubility greater than 1 g / 100 g of water, for example, greater than 5 g / 100 g of water or greater than 10 g / 100 g of water, at 25 ° C.
    [025] As used herein, the term "granule" refers to a solid composition comprising particles, preferably extruded particles, having an average particle size (diameter for substantially spherical or extruded cylindrical particles) from 0.5 to 3 , 0 mm, for example, from 0.5 to 2.0 mm or 0.9 to 1.5 mm, as determined by the selection of the sieve. The granules are preferably formed by grinding all micro-sized solid components, for example, 1 to 10 μm, for example, 1 to 5 μm, followed by the addition of water and optionally a surfactant and / or other additives, for example , ligand. The resulting mixture is preferably extruded through a sieve (for example, 0.5 to 3.0, 0.5 to 20 or 0.9 to 1.5 mm sieve type) and dried to form the granular compositions of the invention. In the case of cylindrical extrudates, preferably the length is about the same size ranges, as described for the particle diameter. The active medium is thus bound to support particles, optionally surfactant and any other desired adjuvants. The active medium is preferably evenly distributed throughout the granule. Gibberellins
    [026] The term "gibberellins" encompasses diterpenoids having a tetracyclic ring system. In terms of their nomenclature, Gibberellins were numbered according to their discovery, so the numbering does not mean the position of any particular substituent. The compounds have nineteen or twenty carbon atoms, and four or five ring systems. Exemplary gibberellins include GA3, commonly referred to as gibberellic acid; and GA4 and GA7, which are immediate precursors to GA3. There are approximately 90 gibberellins, and, as used herein, all are covered by the general term "gibberellin", "gibberellins" or "gibberellic acid". In formulations, either an individual gibberellin or a combination of two or more gibberellins can be used in the active medium. The gibberellin (s) can preferably be selected from the group consisting of gibberellin A2 (GA2), gibberellin A3 (GA3), gibberellin A4 (GA4), gibberellin A5 (GA5), gibberellin A7 (GA7), gibberellin A14 (GA14 ), and mixtures thereof; most preferably selected from the group consisting of GA3, GA4, GA5, GA7 and their combinations.
    [027] Preferred gibberellin combinations include GA4 and GA7 (preferably in a weight ratio of 1.5: 1 to 99: 1, for example, from 1.5: 1 to 15: 1 or from 2: 1 to 10: 1), when stored for long periods in water, GA7 tends to hydrolyze. Thus, the solid granulation composition of the present invention advantageously provides a longer shelf life over conventional liquid formulations when the gibberellin employed includes GA7. Cytokinins
    [028] The active medium also comprises one or more cytokines, which is a class of plant growth substances (phytohormones) that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots. There are two types of cytokinins: adenine-type cytokinins represented by kinetin, zeatin, and 6-benzylaminopurine (also referred to as BAP, 6-BAP, or 6-benzyladenine), and phenylurea-type cytokinins such as diphenylurea and tidiazuron (TDZ). In preferred embodiments, cytokinin is selected from the group consisting of kinetin (synthetic or derived from seaweed), 6-BAP, 1- (2-chloropyridin-4-yl) -3-phenylurea (CPPU), and TDZ.
    [029] Kinetin was the first of the active cytokinins (having growth-promoting properties) identified, and is a 6-furfurylaminopurine having the formula:

    [030] Other naturally occurring cytokinins include dimethylalyl amino purine:
    methylamino purine:
    and zeatin (methylhydroxymethylalylaminopurine):

    [031] Zeatin was isolated and chemically identified from young kernels of corn, coconut milk, plums, fungi, bacteria, lupine plants and other plants with soluble ribonucleic acid.
    [032] It can also be linked to the amino group phenyl, benzyl, n-ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and similar groups.
    [033] Diphenylurea, a synthetic compound, shown below, also exhibits cytokinin activity.

    [034] Another synthetic cytokinin is 6-benzylaminopurine (benzyl adenine or BAP), which has the structure:

    [035] Several cytokinins are found in different sources. Dimethylalylaminopurine occurs in soluble ribonucleic acid from many different organisms and is produced by the bacterium Corynebacterium fasians.
    [036] The bacterium and mutations of dimethylalylaminopurine invade green plants, such as algae, chlorella, kelp and, through the secretion of the compound, produce cytokinin effects.
    [037] The dihydro derivative of zeatin was isolated from lupine plants, and cytokinins were isolated from the moss sporophyte.
    [038] The richest natural sources of kinin that have been isolated are algae, fruits and endosperm tissues.
    [039] Diphenylura in the presence of casein hydrolyzate is distinctly active in cytokinin effects.
    [040] Cytokinins are strong promoters of yolk growth and stimulation of leaf growth. Some other effects of cytokinins on plants result in ending dormancy, promoting growth polarity, promoting flowering, increasing the efficiency of light in germination, and promoting stem elongation. Auxinas
    [041] There are many synthetic chemicals that behave like naturally occurring auxins produced by plant enzyme systems, and the term "auxin" and "auxins" as used herein refers to such compounds in the natural and synthetic. In addition to indolacetic acids, indole-3-butyric acid (3-BA); naphthalene acetamide; 2-methyl-1-naphthalene acetic acid and 2-methyl-1-naphthylacetamide have hormonal activity and can be replaced by naturally occurring auxins. Synthetic auxins cannot function without zinc, manganese, and other minerals in the same requirement pattern as verified with naturally occurring auxins. For best results, minerals should be in the form of proteinates. Proteinate preferably has a linked (-CONH-) peptide. In preferred embodiments, the auxin employed is selected from the group consisting of 3-indolbutyric acid, 3-indolacetic acid, 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), 3-indolbutyric acid, and salts and esters thereof, for example, acid 1-sodium naphthylacetic.
    [042] One of the important aspects of plant growth and nutrition is nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen can enter biological systems only when it has been combined with other elements, such as hydrogen and oxygen. Industrially, nitrogen is converted into compounds such as ammonia, nitrate salts, urea or ammonium sulfate. Nature provides a pathway for nitrogen fixation using the molecular nitrogen gas (N2) from the air and combining it enzymatically with hydrogen from carbohydrates or natural gas to form ammonia using a nitrogenase. Certain bacteria also act to form ammonia. No substance between nitrogen and ammonia was isolated, so all intermediate states must be linked to nitrogenase.
    [043] In the soil, fixed nitrogen is used in the synthesis of biological molecules. A critical structural element is the peptide bond (-CONH-) that links one amino acid to the next; the bond connects a nitrogen atom in one amino acid to a carbon atom in another. Several amino acids can be linked together to form a peptide or polypeptide that will ultimately form a protein.
    [044] A metal proteinate not only supplies the plant with an essential trace metal, but also has a sparing effect of nitrogen fixation thereby avoiding several steps in nitrogen fixation, and allows the plant to absorb ligands that directly contain peptide bonds . This can be achieved through application to the soil or by foliar spraying.
    [045] Phytohormones can be prepared synthetically or naturally. Cytokinins are mainly available as seaweed extracts. These extracts are diluted with water and used as foliar sprays, or applied to the soil.
    [046] Kinetin can be prepared synthetically, and has essentially the same activity as cytokinin. Gibberellin (s) was also obtained from seaweed extracts, but it stores far less than cytokinins or kinetin. Auxins were also prepared from seaweed extracts.
    [047] Several beneficial aspects have been attributed to plant hormones, including increased crop yields, improved seed germination, increased plant resistance to frost, insects and fungi attack, increased uptake of inorganic constituents from the soil, reduction of fruit storage losses and stabilization of chlorophyll. See Blunden, Marine Natural Products Chemistry, Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, NY, 1001, pp 337-344.
    [048] Phytohormones are known vehicles for certain inorganic substances in a plant, but the amount of minerals is only a tiny fraction of the total mineral requirement for the plant.
    [049] According to Brain et al., The Effects of Aqueous Seaweed Extract on Sugar Beet, Proceedings of the Eighth International Seaweed Symposium, University of North Wales, 1974, algae extracts are characterized by their high cytokinetic activity. The most important effects of cytokinins are on cell division, cell growth, delayed senescence and related nutrient transport.
    [050] An important factor is that cytokinins are very limited in their circulation inside the plant, if in fact they move as a whole from the original application site. The treated leaf areas act as metabolic reservoirs and amino acids, phosphates and other substances accumulate in plant tissues directly below or near the application site. For best results, cytokinins or other phytohormones should spread throughout the plant. More is involved with phytohormones than the mere mobilization of nutrients, since the senescence delay of excised plant parts has been demonstrated several times.
    [051] The observation that treatment with cytokinin increased the ratio of RNA to DNA, suggests that a critical effect of cytokinins on senescence may be the maintenance of the protein synthesis machine, possibly by regulating RNA synthesis.
    [052] As sugar beets are affected, cytokinin translocation or spreading will increase leaf size, protein content, chlorophyll and leaf life. Thus, the energy of the photosynthesis of the plant could be increased with the translocation of the cytokinin, which would result in increased carbohydrate synthesis and increase the stored carbohydrate content of the root.
    [053] Watery algae extracts have been used successfully as fertilizer additives in bananas, gladioli, tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, corn and oranges with varying degrees of success. Of particular interest was the increased absorption of manganese in banana trees. Also of interest was the improvement of peach storage.
    [054] The class of phytohormones referred to as auxins can be natural or synthetic, such as indolacetic acid or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (b 2.4D.). These hormones are transported within the root of their base to the apex. Naturally occurring auxins are not as stable in the air as synthetic auxins. Auxins generally move more quickly to the tip of the root when applied to cotyledons or leaves. The movement is presumably accompanied by the transport of carbohydrates through the phloem. Since auxins, in contrast to cytokines, move more quickly through the plant, they are adapted for seed treatment before planting. The consistent application of phytohormones helps to reduce the use of N.P.K fertilizers by up to 25%. Optimally, cytokinins, auxins, and gibberellin (s) are applied at a rate of 0.001 to 4.0 grams per acre (or 0.0025 to 9.9 grams per hectare). Preferably, these phytohormones are used as dilute solutions that contain on the order of 10 to 200 ppm by weight of active ingredient and, if used in an alkaline medium, are stabilized by a preservative, such as sodium benzoate.
    [055] The root of a plant contains parts of the best known phytohormones, and serves as a center of synthesis. The xylem and phloem being the main parts of a plant's circulatory system also serve as hormone vehicles for the hormones that can be translocated. It has been documented that there are multiple effects of root hormones, especially cytokinins, on bud development. These include control of protein and CO2 metabolism in leaves, enzyme formation in leaves, leaf aging and senescence, elongation of shoots, elongation of branches, the development of side shoots and dormancy release from flower buds, and fruiting.
    [056] Environmental influences that affect the root system, such as water stress, floods, excessive heat or cold, act not only on the absorption of water and transport of organic substrates, but also on the hormonal flow from the root to the branches and vice versa .
    [057] The relative amounts and proportions of gibberellin, cytokinin and auxins employed in the compositions of the present invention can vary widely. Preferred amounts of composition for these active media are provided in Table 1. When the composition includes a plurality of different gibberellins, cytokinins or auxins, the ranges of composition shown below are based on the total amount of the plant growth regulator specified, for example, the total amount of GA4 and GA7 collectively if both are used together in the formulation. Table 1
    In one embodiment, the intervals for the three components are preferably combined more generally, for narrower intervals. In another embodiment, any of the preferred ranges can be combined with any of the more general ranges
    [058] The specific combination of gibberellin, cytokinin, and auxin employed may vary, but preferred non-limiting combinations are provided in Table 2 below. Table 2
    In a more general preferred embodiment, any of the gibberellins that are described as preferred above (in the preceding paragraphs) can be combined with any of the cytokinins described as preferred above, any of which the combination can be combined with any of the aids described. as preferred above. Surfactant
    [059] In the formulation, a surfactant is preferably used, and can function as a wetting agent, as well as a dispersion and granulation aid. Suitable surfactants include nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.
    [060] Nonionic surfactants include ethoxylated sorbitan esters such as EMSORB, TWEEN, and T-MAZE; esters of sorbitan fatty acids, such as SPAN and ALKAMUL; esters of sucrose and glucose and their derivatives, such as MAZON, RHEOZAN and Glucopon; ethoxylated alcohols such as TRYCOL, BRIJ, ARMIX and PLURAFAC; ethoxylated alkylphenols such as IGEPAL, MACOL and TERGITOL; ethoxylated fatty amines such as TRYMEEN and ETHOMEEN; ethoxylated fatty acids such as EMEREST, ALKAMUL and TRYDET; ethoxylated fatty esters and oils such as ALKAMUL and ATLAS G; fatty acids such as ATLAS G-1556; glycerol esters like MAZOL GMO; glycol esters such as GLICOL SEG; lanolin-based derivatives such as AMERCHOL CAB; methyl esters such as OLEOCAL ME; monoglycerides and derivatives such as ETHOSPERSE G-26; ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acids, such as ANTAROX AA-60; block copolymers of ethylene oxide (OE) and propylene oxide (PO), such as PLURONIC or SURFONIC; silicone-based surfactants, such as SILWET, BREAKTHRU and mixtures of organo-silicon surfactants with nonionic or ionic surfactants; polysaccharides, copolymers of acrylamide and acrylic acid; and acetylenic diol derivatives such as SURFYNOL 104 or tristyrylphenols, such as SOPROPHOR, among others. Ethoxylated sorbitan esters can also be employed as a surfactant. Nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene (20) monolaurate (TWEEN 20 or POLYSORBATE 20) can also be used.
    [061] Suitable anionic surfactants include phosphate esters such as EMPHOS and RHODAFAC; sulfates and sulfonates from oils and fatty acids such as POLYSTEP; ethoxylated alkylphenol sulfates and sulfonates such as TRITON X-301; dodecyl sulfates and tridecylbenzenes such as CALMULSE; condensed naphthalene sulfonates such as VULTAMOL; naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, such as MORWET and sulfosuccinates, and derivatives such as MONAWET, among others.
    [062] Suitable amphoteric surfactants include lecithin and lecithin derivatives; and imidazolines and imidazoline derivatives, such as MIRANOL, among others.
    [063] Preferred surfactants include nonionic block copolymer surfactants and anionic sulfonates. The most preferred surfactants include those selected from the group consisting of alkylarylsulfonates, such as alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, and polyethoxylate-propoxylate block copolymers, such as PO-EO oxoalcohol adducts, and their salts and mixtures thereof.
    [064] The trade names used above for binders and surfactants are often common to a class or series of binders or surfactants. Therefore, where a trade name is mentioned, any binder or surfactant in the family including the trade name will be suitable.
    [065] If incorporated into the formulation, the amount of surfactant employed may vary depending largely on the type of surfactant, vehicle medium and specific active media employed. In preferred embodiments, the composition comprises the surfactant in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight, for example, from 1 to 10% by weight, or from 3 to 9% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. Optional vehicles
    [066] As indicated above, the granulated formulations of the invention also include one or more vehicles / fillers, preferably one or more inert vehicles. Examples of vehicles include inorganic minerals such as kaolin, mica, plaster, fertilizer, carbonates, such as magnesium carbonates, sulfates, or phosphates, sodium aluminum silicate, organic materials such as sugar, starches or cyclodextrins. Combinations of these various support agents can also be employed. Preferred vehicles include sugars.
    [067] The granular compositions of the invention preferably comprise the vehicle medium in an amount of 30 to 99% by weight, for example, 70 to 99% by weight, or 85 to 95% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
    [068] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the vehicle may be a fully dissolving vehicle, while in other embodiments, the vehicle may be dispersible, but not soluble in water. Therefore, when indicated here that the plant growth regulating compositions are "water-soluble", it is understood that the active ingredients are water-soluble, and, optionally, the vehicle is water-soluble.
    [069] The vehicle most preferably includes a saccharide, such as, for example, a disaccharide. Suitable saccharides include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,984,609, hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Saccharide can be used as a diluent and as a granulation aid in the formulation. Suitable saccharides include sucrose, lactose and maltose, hydrolyzed starches, such as maltodextrin and corn syrup solids, sugar alcohols such as sorbitol and mannitol, and other sugars, such as fructose and glucose, among others. A presently preferred disaccharide is lactose monohydrate. A preferred vehicle is lactose, for example, lactose monohydrate, for example, commercially available as LACTOPUR products. Optional Binder
    [070] The formulation optionally includes one or more binders, which aid in the binding, disintegration and solubilization of the formulation. The use of binders is preferred, in case the support material alone is less effective in an extrusion process. Suitable binders include alkylated vinyl pyrrolidone copolymers such as AGRIMER AL-10 and AGRIMER AL-10LC; cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidones such as AGRIMER AT and AGRIMER ATF; copolymers of vinyl acetate and vinylpyrrolidone such as AGRIMER VA-6 and AGRIMER VA-7; lignosulfonates and their sodium or calcium salts, such as MARASPERSE, VANISPERSE, BORRESPERSE, NORLIG, POLYFON and KRAFTSPERSE; unsulfonated lignins such as INDULIN AT; clays such as HYDRITE RS, microcrystalline celluloses, such as AVICEL PH and LATTICE NT; methyl cellulose ethers, such as METHOCEL; ethyl cellulose polymers such as ETHOCEL; starch (natural or modified); gluten; silicates and sodium or calcium salts thereof; aluminum and magnesium silicates such as VEEGUM F; natural or modified lecithins, such as BEAKIN, CENTROMIX or YELKIN; sugar alcohols such as NEOSORB, SORBOGEM, MANOGEM and MALTISWEET and polyethylene glycols, among others. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, such as AGRIMER 15, AGRIMER 30, AGRIMER 60, AGRIMER 90 and PLASDONE can also be used as a binder. In case a binder is used, it is used in small amounts, such as, for example, 0.1 to 10% by weight, for example, from 0.5 to 8% by weight, from 0.8 to 5% in weight, or 1 to 2% by weight. Preferred binders are vinylpyrrolidones, cellulose ethers or polyethylene glycols, as described above. Optional Auxiliary Nutrients
    [071] The growth of a plant is regulated in an orderly way through photosynthesis and respiration. This is achieved by the sun, water, micronutrients, such as molybdenum, manganese, zinc, iron and boron, and enzymes and growth hormones. In particular, metals and plant growth hormones are inseparably linked.
    [072] Dimethylalylaminopurine has been identified with the transfer of ribonucleic acid, which combines with serine and tyrosine before these amino acids are incorporated into proteins. This explains the effect of cytokine on ribonucleic acid, chlorophyll and protein levels, and indirectly, plant growth. Zinc, manganese and iron are all involved in the plant's growth process. Magnesium is essential for the formation of chlorophyll.
    [073] Manganese activates the enzyme oxidase indolacetic acid, which controls the distribution of growth regulators produced from auxins. This enzyme limits the amount of auxin in any area and prevents excessive amounts. It also disables aids in areas of non-growth.
    [074] Zinc accumulates the hormone auxin, as well as regulating manganese and controlling supply.
    [075] Iron activates an enzyme transport system that controls the directions and movement of plant regulators.
    [076] Other minerals such as copper, boron, molybdenum, and magnesium also have important functions in plants.
    [077] Bearing in mind the importance of metals in plant growth, the plant growth regulating compositions of the present invention optionally further comprise one or more auxiliary nutrients containing metal, for example, micronutrients. The chemical characteristics of auxiliary nutrients are dictated by several factors. The purity of the selected vehicle influences the rate of absorption and distribution of the nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by plant tissues.
    [078] In preferred embodiments, the composition comprises one or more micronutrients, preferably one or more chelating agents, optionally to provide a metal concentration of 1 to 15% by weight, for example, from 2 to 12% by weight , or 4 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition (i.e., the granules). Preferred chelating agents include any metallic EDTA or transition metal citrate salt, preferably zinc, copper, manganese, magnesium, iron, copper, boron, or molybdenum.
    [079] In another aspect, the composition comprises one or more sources of nitrogen, such as urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, or a urea clathrate thereof. Such nitrogen sources can be provided in an amount effective to provide a nitrogen content of 1 to 30% by weight, for example, between 2 and 20% by weight, or from 4 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition (ie granules). In one embodiment, a mixture of a polyoxyethylene alcohol and a urea clathrate can be employed, such as ATPLUS UCL1007, optionally in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight, for example, from 1 to 10% by weight or 10 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.
    [080] Based on the aforementioned criteria, the auxiliary nutrients selected for use in combination with the growth promoting compositions of the present invention may comprise ammonium thiosulfate, ammonium polysulfate, technical grade phosphoric acid 75 to 85% and a solution 45% potassium hydroxide; and soluble dry products comprising potassium tri-polyphosphate, potassium phosphates, technical grade diamonium-ammonium phosphate, containing no more than 3% by weight of the tri-calcium phosphate impurity, and manufacturing feed grade urea low biuret.
    [081] In some embodiments, the plant growth regulating composition of the present invention further comprises one or more amino acids, optionally an amino acid selected from the group consisting of arginine, histidine, lysine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, cysteine, selenocysteine, glycine, proline, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, with a preference for alanine and tryptophan. Preferred amino acids include forms or derivatives of proline, for example, L-proline, and forms or derivatives of glycine, for example, glycine betaine. The amino acid can be present in a range of levels within the plant growth regulating composition, for example from 1 to 40% by weight, for example, from 2 to 30% by weight, from 5 to 25 % by weight, or 10 to 20% by weight. Additional supplementary active ingredients
    [082] It is also contemplated that the materials of this invention can be used in combination with other essential biological products or beneficial microorganisms or active ingredients, such as herbicides, antimicrobials, fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, biological pesticides, such as microbial pesticides, biochemical pesticides (semiochemicals, hormones or natural plant regulators), pesticide-producing plants (botanicals) or plant nutrients. Optional adjuvants
    [083] The other components of the formulation may include additional surface active agents, adhesives, spreading adhesives, preservatives, humectants, dyes, UV (ultraviolet) protectors, buffers, acidifiers, compatibility agents, flow agents, antifoams, antioxidants, petroleum-based oils, vegetable-based oils, or other components that facilitate product handling and application. A preferred antifoaming agent is polydimethylsiloxane. Optional adjuvants can be applied, for example, at a rate ranging from 0.125 to 0.5% v / v.
    [084] Acidifiers, such as citric acid, phosphoric acid and its derivatives, for example, phosphate ester surfactants, optionally in an amount of 0.01 to 1% by weight can be used to reduce the resulting pH in facilitating the dissociation of carboxylic acid allowing some active medium, for example, gibberellins, to be more easily absorbed in the plant. Preferably, when dissolved in water, the granules of the invention provide a pH ranging from 4 to 8, for example, from 5 to 7. Granule manufacturing method
    [085] The granules of the invention can be formed by a variety of processes, such as agglomerating granulation, container granulation, or spray drying. In a preferred embodiment, the compositions that regulate the growth of water-soluble plants of the invention are formed by a grinding and extrusion process. For example, those of the present invention can be formed by means of grinding and extrusion process. Gibberellin, cytokinin and auxin can be passed separately through a mill, for example, hammer or jet mill, to reduce their particle size to the order of 1 to 5 μm. The resulting powder is preferably mixed dry, optionally with a dry powder surfactant, to form a powder mixture. The resulting powder mixture can then be ground again, preferably ground with air, to further reduce the particle size.
    [086] After supplementary grinding, the powder mixture can be combined with the vehicle medium and mixed, for example, in a powder mixer, to form a homogeneous mixture. The water is preferably added to the mixed mixture in an amount sufficient to form an extrudable paste or mass, while preferably mixing continuously. Water is typically added in an amount of 12 to 14% by weight, although the amount may vary depending on the scale and equipment.
    [087] The resulting paste is then extruded, preferably through a sieve, to form granules of the desired diameter, which can be recycled to produce more granules. The screen preferably comprises a mesh size of 0.5 to 2.0 mm, for example, 0.5 to 1.0 mm of mesh size or about 0.8 mm of mesh size. The resulting extrudate is then dried, preferably in a fluid bed dryer, to a content of less than 10% by weight, for example, less than 5% by weight of moisture or less than 3% by weight. The fine particles can be removed, for example, through a process of cyclonic separation or sieving, during or after the drying step. Application
    [088] Once formed, the exact amount of plant growth regulating composition employed in the treatment of plants or seeds depends largely on the type of response desired, the formulation used and the type of plant or seed species treated. For example, when applied to seed treatment, the composition can be applied in an amount sufficient to provide a cytokinin concentration of 0.265 to 0.106 grams per 100 pounds of seed, an auxin concentration of 0.0133 to 0.0532 grams per 100 pounds of seed, and a gibberelline concentration of 0.0089 to 0.0356 grams per 100 pounds. When applied to the furrow (foliar application), the composition can be applied in an amount sufficient to provide a cytokinin concentration of 0.0795 to 0.159 grams per acre, an auxin concentration of 0.0399 to 0.0798 grams per acre, and a gibberellin concentration of 0.0267 to 0.0534 grams per acre. For furrow application, water can be added to the granules in an amount sufficient to provide a cytokinin concentration of 0.84 to 14.05 ppm by weight, an auxin concentration of 0.42 to 7.02 ppm by weight, and a concentration of gibberellin from 0.28 to 4.70 ppm by weight. For furrow / leaf applications, typical spray volumes can range from 2 to 35 gallons per acre. This provides concentrations of active component as follows: (1) gibberellin: from 0.2 to 7.0 ppm by weight (0.0267 g / 35 gal to 0.0534 g / 2 gal); (2) cytokinin: 0.6 to 20.9 ppm by weight (0.0795 g / 35 gal to 0.159 g / 2 gal); (3) auxin: 0.3 to 10.5 ppm by weight (0.0399 g / 35 gal to 0.0798 g / 2 gal). In another embodiment, the intervals described in this paragraph are preferred intervals, which the person skilled in the art will understand, can be combined with other specifically mentioned and / or preferred constituents of the composition.
    [089] The following examples are illustrative of the wide range of plant growth responses that can be accomplished by applying a preferred composition of the present invention to various plant species. However, there is no intention that the invention will be limited to these optimal proportions of active components, as workers in the art will find the compositions according to the invention presented above to be effective growth enhancers. Furthermore, it should easily occur to a person skilled in the art that the recognition of the best results using the compositions according to the present invention in connection with other plants, seeds, fruits and vegetables that are not specifically illustrated here is easily within the capabilities of an expert technician on the subject. Examples Preparation of Examples A-D
    [090] A water-soluble plant growth regulating composition in the form of granules was produced in Examples A-D by a grinding and extrusion process. The dry powdered ingredients were mixed in a bag completely. The resulting powder mixture was hammered through a 0.8 mm sieve. The water was added gradually to the powder while mixing in a Kenwood food processor until a suitable pasty material for extrusion was formed. The pasty material was extruded through a 0.8 mm sieve, using a Kuji KAR75 bench extruder. The resulting granules were dried on a tray in an oven at 55 ° C for approximately 4 hours. The dried granules were sieved through 2 mm and 0.25 mm screens to remove large and fine particles.
    [091] The gibberellin employed was GA4 (92% pure), the cytokinin used was kinetin (98.5% pure), and the auxin employed was indole-3-butyric acid (98% pure). The surfactants used in Examples A and D included a powdered condensed naphthalene sulfonate (NSC) sodium salt (MORWET D-425, Akzo-Nobel) and powdered isopropyl sodium naphthalene sulfonate (SINS) powder (MORWET IP, Akzo Nobel). Example B does not include a surfactant. Example C included an adduct surfactant C12 / C15-oxo-alcohol PO-EO (Genapol EP 2552, AAKO). The vehicle medium employed was lactose monohydrate (LACTOPUR 216). Granules having an average particle size of 1 mm were formed with the following compositions. Table 3

    [092] The inventive granules surprisingly and unexpectedly exhibited good physical and chemical stability for all three plant growth regulators. The granules were tested before and after storage for 2 weeks at 54 ° C in a temperature controlled cabinet. The following evaluations were made (active content method is reverse phase HPLC). Table 4 Details

    [093] The concentrations of plant growth regulators can be increased significantly, along with the optional inclusion of micronutrients, and adjuvants, as described above. Appearance
    [094] The granules of the invention appeared as light brown cylindrical granules, 3-9 mm long. The granules visibly maintained their integrity in storage. The granules of Example A were larger than the others due to a slightly higher moisture content in the extrusion. The granules of Example B were smaller, due to the low moisture content in the extrusion. The granules of Example C exhibited a "speckled" appearance, probably due to too little of the product to adhere to the glass bottle. Moisture content after drying
    [095] All samples had a moisture content after drying in the range of 4.6 to 4.9% w / w. pH
    [096] For all samples, 1% of the dilutions gave pH values in the range of 4.2 to 4.8, with no significant changes in storage. Wettability
    [097] All granules had good wettability of less than 5 seconds. Wet sifting residue
    [098] All samples were well within acceptable limits (usually less than 2% on a 75 μm sieve). Example C gave the highest value, and Example A gave the lowest value. Persistent foam
    [099] All granules gave little foam in the dilution, that is, a maximum foam of 2 ml after 1 minute. Suspensibility
    [100] The mass of the residue was similar for all samples, in the range of 0.26 to 0.29 g. Dilution stability
    [101] Example C gave the largest residue, but all samples were within the normally acceptable limits. Densities
    [102] Densities were generally similar for all samples. Mass densities were in the range of 0.415 to 0.484 g / ml. The compacted densities were in the range of 0.466 to 0.540 g / ml. Active content
    [103] The three active components in the examples exhibited the desired stability after storage for 2 weeks at 54 ° C, and met or exceeded the United Nations Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) specifications for active ingredient concentration. Preparation of E-P Examples
    [104] To produce the water-soluble plant growth regulating compositions in the form of granules for EP Examples, the following materials were pre-ground before being mixed with other ingredients: indole-3-butyric acid, kinetin tech, and Gibberellins GA4 / 7 (if required by the formulation) were all ground using a Retzsch impact rotor mill with 0.5 and 1.0 mm sieves. For formulations containing magnesium sulfate, the magnesium sulfate was ground through a Retzsch impact rotor mill with a 1.0 mm screen. In addition, BAP, Gibberellin GA3 and sodium NAA, where applicable, were passed through a bench top hammer mill without a sieve mounted. After pre-grinding, all dry powder ingredients were mixed thoroughly. The resulting powder base was passed through a hammer mill. The water was added gradually to the powder base to make a wet mass suitable for extrusion. The wet mass was then extruded through a 0.8 mm sieve. The resulting granules were dried in a greenhouse tray at 50 ° C for approximately 1 hour, either the dry tray or dry bed fluid using MP1. The dried granules were sieved through 2 mm and 0.25 mm sieves to remove large and fine particles. Evaluation of Examples E - L
    [105] For Examples E - L, granules were prepared with the following compositions. Table 5 JKL

    [106] All batches processed satisfactorily, except for those containing an alternative water-soluble filler. Batches with magnesium sulfate as a water-soluble filler could be extruded, but gave a low yield of powder granules. Using ammonium sulfate or sodium sulfate as a water-soluble filler gave materials that were non-extrusable. It is hoped that such filler materials can be used properly if combined with a small amount of binder to aid extrusion.
    [107] The inventive granules surprisingly and unexpectedly exhibited good stability for all three plant growth regulators. The appearance of the granules was observed before and after storage for 2 weeks at 54 ° C; 4 weeks at 50 ° C, 25 ° C, and 0 ° C in a temperature controlled cabinet. The only change in the observed aspect was a color change for Examples J and K, after 4 weeks of storage. Evaluation of Examples M - P
    [108] Examples M - P were prepared according to the same procedure as Examples E - L above. The granules were formed having the following compositions. Table 6

    [109] All lots processed satisfactorily. Example N produced an amount of fines, which required the preparation of a second batch to have sufficient material for field tests.
    [110] The inventive granules exhibited surprisingly and unexpectedly good physical and chemical stability for all three plant growth regulators. The granules were evaluated before and after storage for 2 weeks at 54 ° C; 4 weeks at 50 ° C, 25 ° C and 0 ° C; and 8 weeks at 40 ° C in a temperature controlled cabinet. The following evaluations have been made. Asset Content
    [111] The active ingredient concentration of Example M was determined initially, and after 2 weeks at 54 ° C by means of reverse phase HPLC. Table 7 - Content of the Active Ingredient for Example M

    [112] All three active ingredients had good chemical stability after 2 weeks at 54 ° C. Appearance
    [113] The only change in appearance for Examples M - P seen through the 8-week evaluation was a color change for Example P, when stored at 50 ° C and 54 ° C. pH
    [114] The pH for Examples M - P was measured using the CIPAC MT75.3 method with a 1% dilution in deionized water. The results are shown below. Table 8 - pH for Examples M - P


    [115] There was no significant change in pH for Examples M and O. Example P revealed a decrease of 54 ° C, 50 ° C, and 40 ° C. Example N showed variability. Wettability
    [116] Wettability was measured using the CIPAC MT53.3 method, CIPAC D water. All four samples showed excellent and almost instantaneous wettability. There was no change in wettability after storage for up to 8 weeks at 40 ° C. Wet Sieve Retention
    [117] Wet sieve retention was measured using the CIPAC MT 167 method. Table 9 - Wet sieve retention for Examples M - P (% retained)

    [118] High initial sieve retentions were found for Examples M and O (which both contained metal citrates). Acceptable sieve retentions were checked for Examples N and P initially and after 8 weeks. Dilution stability
    [119] The dilution stability for Examples M to P was measured using the CIPAC MT179 method at 1.2% w / w in CIPAC D. No significant increase in the wet sieve retention of the samples was observed after 18 hours for either samples or initially after storage. Moisture Content
    [120] The moisture contents for Examples M through P were essentially unchanged from an initial measurement with measurements taken after 8 weeks of storage.
    [121] Thus, it was observed from Examples E to P that it was possible to formulate the Examples, with some difficulty in granulating compositions that contained alternative water-soluble fillers such as magnesium sulfate. The only change in product characteristics observed after storage was a change in the color of samples J, K, and P. In addition, it was observed that the samples prepared containing the metal citrates had a high sieve retention.
    [122] Although the invention has been described in detail, changes within the spirit and scope of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. It is to be understood that certain aspects of the invention and portions of various modalities and of various characteristic aspects referred to above and / or in the appended claims, can be combined or exchanged, either in whole or in part. In the preceding descriptions of the various modalities, those modalities that refer to another modality can be suitably combined with other modalities appreciated by a technician specialized in the subject. In addition, experts in the field will appreciate that the above is by way of example only, and is not intended for invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    1. Formulation regulating the growth of water-soluble plants in the form of granules characterized by comprising an active medium and a vehicle medium, the granule shape having an average particle size of 0.5 to 3 mm, the active medium being comprises: (A) a gibberellin; (b) a cytokinin; and (C) an auxin, in which the carrier medium is soluble in water and the formulation comprises gibberellin in an amount of 0.001 to 10% by weight, cytokinin in an amount of 0.001 to 10% by weight, and auxin in an amount of 0.001 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the granules.
    [0002]
    Formulation according to claim 1, characterized by having a solubility greater than 1 g / 100g of water at 25 ° C.
    [0003]
    Formulation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further comprises a surfactant present in an amount of 1 to 20 weight percent selected from the group consisting of: alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, PO-EO oxoalcohol adducts, and their salts and mixtures.
    [0004]
    Formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises one or more micronutrients.
    [0005]
    Formulation according to claim 4, characterized in that the one or more micronutrients comprise one or more chelating agents selected from the group consisting of EDTA and citrate salts.
    [0006]
    Formulation according to any one of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the one or more micronutrients comprise one or more nitrogen sources.
    [0007]
    Formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it further comprises one or more amino acids.
    [0008]
    Formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that gibberellin is selected from the group consisting of GA3, GA4, GA5, GA7 and their combinations.
    [0009]
    Formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the cytokinin is selected from the group consisting of kinetin, 6-BAP, 1- (2-chloropyridin-4-yl) -3-phenylurea ( CPPU) and TDZ.
    [0010]
    Formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that auxin is selected from the group consisting of 3-indolbutyric acid, 3-indolacetic acid, 1-naphthylacetic acid, 3-indolbutyric acid, and salts and esters thereof.
    [0011]
    Formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises gibberellin in an amount of 0.03 to 3% by weight, cytokinin in an amount of 0.07 to 7% by weight, and auxin in an amount from 0.04 to 4% by weight, based on the total weight of the granules.
    [0012]
    Formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the active form has an average particle size of 1 to 5 μm, as determined by laser diffraction particle size analysis.
    [0013]
    Formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the carrier medium comprises lactose monohydrate.
    [0014]
    Formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the granules comprise the carrier medium in an amount of 70 to 99% by weight, based on the total weight of the granules.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US9968088B2|2018-05-15|
    AU2014318558A1|2016-03-31|
    CN105960168A|2016-09-21|
    ZA201601699B|2018-05-30|
    MX2016003266A|2017-01-09|
    CA2923886C|2021-06-01|
    EP3043645A1|2016-07-20|
    GB2520147B|2017-06-21|
    CA2923886A1|2015-03-19|
    CN113508812A|2021-10-19|
    AU2014318558B2|2018-03-29|
    US20150080216A1|2015-03-19|
    WO2015038917A1|2015-03-19|
    GB201416279D0|2014-10-29|
    NZ717628A|2022-01-28|
    GB2520147A|2015-05-13|
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    法律状态:
    2019-05-21| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|
    2020-02-27| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-07-28| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-24| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-02-02| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 12/09/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201361877474P| true| 2013-09-13|2013-09-13|
    US61/877,474|2013-09-13|
    PCT/US2014/055428|WO2015038917A1|2013-09-13|2014-09-12|Plant growth regulating composition and methods for making and using same|
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