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    • 专利摘要:
    METHOD AND APPARATUS TO CONTROL TIRES ON A TIRE PRODUCTION LINE, AND TIRE PRODUCTION LINE. Relative methods and apparatus (100) ´to control tires on a production line, comprising predisposing a tire (200) to be controlled, to elastically deform a portion of the sidewall of the tire by exerting a compressive force on a contact surface external side wall portion, the compression force having the axial direction and direction towards the midline plane, illuminate an internal and / or external surface of the side wall portion and detect an image of the illuminated surface, generate a signal of representative contact of the detected image, and analyze the control signal in order to detect the possible presence of faults in the side wall portion.
    公开号:BR112015032611B1
    申请号:R112015032611-0
    申请日:2014-07-07
    公开日:2021-02-09
    发明作者:Vincenzo Boffa；Gabriele PECE；Valeriano BALLARDINI
    申请人:Pirelli Tyre S.P.A；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [001] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling tires on a tire production line, in particular a method and apparatus for controlling the possible presence of faults in or in proximity to the surface of a tire, more particularly at or in proximity to the inner and / or outer surface of the sidewalls of a tire.
    [002] By "tire" is meant the finished tire, that is, after the molding and vulcanization steps subsequent to the construction step.
    [003] Typically, a tire has a substantially toroidal structure around a geometric axis of rotation during operation, and has an axial midline plane orthogonal to the geometric axis of rotation, said plane being typically a plane with symmetry geometric (substantial) (for example, ignoring possible minor asymmetries, such as the tread design and / or the internal structure).
    [004] Two portions of the tire are defined here: the crown and the sidewalls.
    [005] The crown comprises the tread, the belt and the corresponding carcass structure, which is radially internal with respect to the last two.
    [006] By "sidewall" is intended one of the two portions of the tire that are facing each other and are extended radially on opposite sides of the crown to the beads, that is, to the two inner ends edges radially of the tire, with circular extension substantially orthogonal to the geometric axis of rotation; each of the said beads intended to be coupled with a respective mounting ring. Each side wall thus comprises a corresponding portion of carcass structure, and in the external position axially with respect to it, a portion made of suitable elastomeric material, generally called “equVcfq”
    [007] Typically, the carcass structure comprises at least one carcass tarpaulin having respectively opposite end flaps engaged with respective reinforcing annular structures, generally called "bead cores", integrated in the zones identified above with the term beads. In "tubeless" type tires, the carcass tarpaulin is internally covered with a layer of elastomeric material, preferably with a butyl base, commonly called "lining" having ideal air-tight characteristics and being extended from a bead To the other.
    [008] In addition, the so-called "edge" is intended to be fully understood in the structure of a side wall; such rim is the portion of the tire that connects the crown and the innermost portion radially of the side wall (in other words, the two edges correspond with the two “dqtfcu” ektewnctgu gzVgmcu fg ocpgktc tcfkcn g czkcn fq rpgw + o Q tgdqtfq it has a circular extension substantially orthogonal to the geometric axis of rotation.
    [009] By homologous portions of the tire, it is intended portions of the same component having the same geometry. For example, homologous portions are the different angular portions of the axially external part of a sidewall, the angular portions of the rim surfaces in their circumferential extension, the corresponding portions of lining within channels or ribs determined by the expansion bladder of the mold during molding and vulcanization, etc.
    [0010] By component of the tire is intended any element that performs a function or a portion of it.
    [0011] By "radius of curvature" is meant the local radius of curvature of the surface of a tire element in any plane of radial section, that is, comprising said geometric axis of rotation (given that the radial section of the tire typically does not vary with the entire tire).
    [0012] By external or internal surface of the tire, respectively, the surface that remains visible after the coupling of the tire with its mounting rim and the surface that is no longer visible after said coupling is intended.
    [0013] The terms 'optical', 'light' and the like refer to used electromagnetic radiation that has at least a portion of the spectrum that is within an extended area of the optical band, and not necessarily strictly within the optical band ( ie 400 nm - 700 nm), for example, such an extended area of the optical band can vary from ultraviolet to infrared (for example, wavelength comprised epVtg crtqzkocfcogpVg 322 in g crtqzkocfcogpVg 3 μo +
    [0014] By "cycle time" within the production line comprising at least one workstation, preferably a plurality of workstation, and inserted in a plant for the production of tires, it is intended, under operating conditions, the maximum transit time for a tire being processed to cross the workstation where at least a portion of a component of the tire itself is constructed. For example, the cycle time can be between approximately 20 and approximately 120 seconds.
    [0015] In the field of tire production and construction processes for vehicle wheels, the need was sought to perform quality controls on the products obtained, in order to prevent defective tires from being placed on the market, and / or to adjust progressively the equipment and the machinery used, in a way to improve and optimize the execution of the operations carried out in the production process.
    [0016] Such quality controls, for example, include those performed by human operators who dedicate a pre-established time, for example, between 30 s and 60 s, for a visual and tactile examination of the tire; if, in the light of someone's experience and sensitivity, the operator suspects that the tire does not respect certain quality standards, the tire itself is subjected to additional controls, through more detailed human control and / or through appropriate equipment, for the purpose of assessing possible structural and / or qualitative flaws in depth.
    [0017] US 2004/0212795 describes a method for measuring the contour and / or deformation of an object, in particular a tire. The object is illuminated by a light emitted by a radiation source and in particular consists of coherent or partially coherent light, especially laser light. The light reflected by the object is received by a camera with an image sensor.
    [0018] EP0785421 describes a method to detect anomalies in a deformable object, by observing the dynamic changes in the deformable object using light reconstruction techniques. For example, when the pressure on an object made of reinforced rubber is varied, the weaker portions of the object expand more than the areas surrounding the object. These variations can be detected, recorded and analyzed.
    [0019] In the field of tire control, the Depositor addressed the problem of detecting the possible presence of flaws in or in proximity to the internal and / or external surface of the sidewalls. The thought flaws, for example, can be irregularities in the surface of a tire (non-vulcanized compound, form alterations, etc.), non-structural uniformities, the presence of foreign bodies on the surface. Among the structural non-uniformities, the so-called "displacement in the carcass" is particularly critical; this is a rare fault that can also be very dangerous, generated in the interface region between two portions of the tire having different chemical-physical characteristics (for example, different compounds). Such flaws present themselves as small indentations (typically with longitudinal extension, ie that follows the circular extension of the tire) characterized by flaps that correspond perfectly (among which there is no removal or lack of material); this characteristic makes faults particularly difficult to identify. The displacement in the carcass can also affect carcass structures positioned in proximity to the tire surface, for example, in proximity to the inner surface, below the coating layer that is typically present. In such a case, typically the coating itself is involved in the displacement, also having a tear with the displacement in the housing and thus making the identification through possible optical inspection.
    [0020] The Depositor noted that in order for the control to be employed "in line production" within a tire production plant, it is necessary that the control itself be carried out in reduced times, less than or corresponding with the cycle time mentioned above, and with limited costs.
    [0021] The Depositor realized that the methods for controlling tires with optical image acquisition, described in US 2004/0212795 and / or EP0785421, are very costly and / or time consuming, thus substantially adapted to be executed outside the production line , within a production cycle.
    [0022] More precisely, the Depositor found that the optical control method described in the document mentioned above EP0785421 provides that the tire is mounted on the rim, inflated and then subjected to mechanical stress, for example, creating a vacuum in the environment around the tire , or using acoustic vibrations, or using a conventional machine to control RFV ("Radial Force Variation").
    [0023] Similarly, the method described in US 2004/0212795 provides that the tire is subjected to the various states of deformation, from whose corresponding images an average value is subsequently obtained. Deformation can be exerted by varying the ambient pressure or the temperature of the tire.
    [0024] Both documents additionally provide for the use of laser light and interferometric techniques, with all the disadvantages stemming from the complexity of such techniques. In addition, the Depositor has found that, without considerable mechanical stress, optical methods are unable to detect some types of failure, as is further specified here below.
    [0025] The Depositor has in fact realized that the optical control methods mentioned above and the devices do not guarantee the desired accuracy and / or sensitivity in detecting possible failures in or in proximity to the internal and / or external surface of the side walls of a tire, including displacement in the carcass. More precisely, the method of optical inspection described in US 2004/0212795 is not sufficiently reliable in detecting displacement in the housing, since the flaps of the housing tend to remain corresponding.
    [0026] Finally, the Depositor noted that the sidewall of a tire (in particular for motor vehicles) in general is characterized by a radius of curvature less than that of the crown (which is commonly substantially flat or slightly convex) and that the rim is typically characterized by an inner radius of curvature less than the inner radius of curvature of the crown and the sidewall rest.
    [0027] The Depositor therefore addressed the problem of designing a method and apparatus for controlling tires based on the optical acquisition of images for the recognition of at least some faults, in particular those on the surface or areas close to the surface of the sidewalls; such method and apparatus being adapted to be inserted in line within a tire production line of a production plant, that is, with operating times less than or equal to a cycle time, reduced costs, reliable with respect to the result obtained, which can be easily automated, and in addition with a high degree of sensitivity in the detection of failures (that is, the ability to detect even small failures, or those that in any case are difficult to detect).
    [0028] The Depositor has verified that in any optical image acquisition system, the depth of field, in which an ideal focus corresponds, decreases with the increase of the aperture of the diaphragm and a correct exposure requires exposure times that decrease with the increase of the diaphragm opening and / or light intensity. The Depositor noted that if the depth of field is limited, the convex surfaces such as those on the side walls may not fall completely within the available depth of field, and consequently parts of the acquired image risk being out of focus. The Depositor then noted that the lighting, given the same light source, is affected by the geometry of the illuminated object: on non-flat surfaces, such as those on the sidewall of the tire, it is difficult to obtain uniform lighting over the entire surface and it is necessary to find a compromise situation between the different zones, in order to minimize overexposed and / or underexposed zones. Such difficulty is accentuated in the illumination of the internal surface of the side wall to control the carcass.
    [0029] The Depositor has found that by properly deforming a portion of the sidewall of a tire to be controlled, it is possible to flatten the surface of at least a sub-portion of the deformed portion, thereby increasing the depth of field and improving - making it more uniform - lighting conditions for image detection. In such a way, it is possible to obtain an advantageous compromise between the exposure time (which determines the aperture of the diaphragm and thus the depth of field), the extension of the portion submitted to the control for each single image (which increases with the increase of the depth of field), and the quality (focus) of the image itself.
    [0030] The Depositor also found that by properly deforming a side wall portion of a tire to be controlled, it is possible to decrease the external radius of curvature of a (additional) sub-portion of the deformed portion, thus further highlighting possible failures, in particularly the displacement in the carcass and other cuts or holes, since the accentuation of the normal external convexity tends to open the flaps or contours of such flaws, making them easier to identify in the subsequent image processing. Such an effect can also be obtained on the internal concave surface of the deformed sub-portion through flattening. The detected images, therefore, have high quality and / or contain information of such quantity and quality to allow a subsequent automatic processing of the same, for the purpose of detecting possible existing faults, making the algorithms for the automatic identification of faults used for such purpose quite effective.
    [0031] More precisely according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a method for controlling tires on a tire production line.
    [0032] Preferably it is provided to predispose a tire to be controlled, the tire having a geometric axis of rotation and a midline plane orthogonal to the geometric axis of rotation.
    [0033] Preferably, a portion of a sidewall of said tire is elasticly deformed by exerting, through physical contact, a compressive force on an external contact surface that belongs to said sidewall portion, said compression having at least one component parallel to the geometric axis of rotation and direction directed to the midline plane.
    [0034] It is preferably provided to illuminate, with a light radiation, a surface of said side wall portion and to detect an image of said illuminated surface. It is preferably provided to generate at least one control signal representative of the detected image.
    [0035] It is preferably provided to analyze said at least one control signal in order to detect the possible presence of faults in the side wall portion.
    [0036] According to a second aspect, the invention relates to an apparatus for controlling tires in a tire production line.
    [0037] Preferably a member of movement is comprised, having a support adapted to rotate the tire around a geometric axis of rotation thereof.
    [0038] Preferably a deformation system is understood, configured to exert, through physical contact, a compressive force on an external contact surface that belongs to a portion of a sidewall of said tire, when the latter is supported by the support , in order to elastically deform said side wall portion, said compression force having at least one component parallel to the geometric axis of rotation and direction directed to the midline plane.
    [0039] Preferably a source is comprised, adapted to emit a radiation of light to illuminate a surface of said side wall portion and a detection system is comprised adapted to detect an image of said surface, and to generate at least one signal of representative control of the detected image.
    [0040] Preferably a processing unit is comprised, configured for the following functions: - receiving said at least one control signal from the detection system; - analyze the said at least one control signal in order to detect the possible presence of faults.
    [0041] The Depositor considers that for the purpose of detecting faults in a portion of a sidewall of a tire through the acquisition and processing of optical images, it has proved to be particularly advantageous to deform said portion of the sidewall by exercising, by physical contact on an external contact surface that belongs to the side wall portion, a compressive force having at least one component parallel to the geometric axis of rotation and direction directed towards the midline plane; in such a way that it is possible to flatten the surface of at least one sub-portion of the deformed portion (increasing the radius of curvature thereof at least in said sub-portion). In addition or as an alternative, according to the spatial relationship between the external contact surface and the controlled side wall sub-portion, it is possible to decrease the external radius of curvature of at least one (additional) sub-portion of the deformed portion. The result is a control of the sidewall of the tire through the acquisition and processing of optical images executed in moments less than or equal to the cycle time of the production line, and with high quality of the acquired image and information: the control of the tires like this it's fast, reliable and responsive.
    [0042] The present invention, in at least one of the aspects mentioned above, can also have one or more of the preferred characteristics that are described here below.
    [0043] Preferably said analysis comprises at least comparing said at least one control signal with at least one corresponding reference signal.
    [0044] Preferably, an alarm signal is generated following said comparison, if said control signal differs from said reference signal by more than a predefined threshold level.
    [0045] Preferably the reference signal is generated by previously controlling a model tire with the method of the present invention.
    [0046] Preferably the reference signal is generated during the control of said tire by illuminating homologous portions of the portion of said tire subjected to control and generating said reference signal as the average of the signals obtained from each image of each homologous portion.
    [0047] Preferably the reference signal is generated during the control of said tire by averaging the control signals obtained in n homologous portions preceding the elasticly deformed portion, where n is greater than or equal to one.
    [0048] The Depositor considers that the generation and use of a reference signal to detect failures through appropriate algorithms performed by a processing unit on said control signal is particularly effective, fast, reliable and sensitive.
    [0049] Preferably a bead of the tire to be controlled is locked. Preferably the tire holder is configured to lock a bead. In such a way, the tire is not moved accidentally when subjected to the compressive force. Preferably the pressure inside the tire to be controlled is equal to the external pressure.
    [0050] Preferably a bead of the tire to be controlled remains free. In such a way, the aforementioned deformation is left, in particular of the innermost side wall portions in a radial manner, that is, closer to the geometric axis, and in addition to the access to the inner tire is allowed.
    [0051] Preferably it is provided to elastically deform said side wall portion, so as to flatten the surface (internal and / or external) of at least a sub-portion of the deformed side wall portion.
    [0052] The outer contact surface most preferably belongs to a flange or central portion radially of the side wall.
    [0053] Preferably, the flattened internal surface of said sub-portion is illuminated in order to detect its image, said internal surface being located on the opposite side of said external contact surface. Preferably, the flattened outer surface of said sub-portion is illuminated in order to detect its image, said outer illuminated surface being located in a position adjacent to said outer contact surface, with reference to the circular extension direction of the sidewall.
    [0054] It is preferably provided to elastically deform said side wall portion in order to decrease the external radius of curvature of at least one (additional) sub-portion of said side wall portion.
    [0055] Preferably the external surface of said at least one (additional) sub-portion is illuminated, in order to detect the image of the same and said external surface is located in the outermost position radially with respect to said external contact surface.
    [0056] Preferably the external contact surface belongs to a central portion radially of the side wall and said (additional) sub-portion is located on the respective support.
    [0057] Preferably the external contact surface is close to the bead (generally closer to the bead than to the crown) and said sub-portion belongs to a central portion radially of the side wall.
    [0058] In such a way, advantageously, the sub-portion that is more radially external with respect to said external contact surface acts as a deformation joint (since the crown, in this context, has a substantially rigid behavior) and thus passes by a decrease in the external radius of curvature in relation to the one without forces. Such improvement of the normal external convexity opens the cuts possibly present in the external surface of the sub-portion.
    [0059] Preferably the compression force is parallel to the geometric axis of rotation.
    [0060] Preferably it is provided to deform said side wall portion, maintaining at least an additional portion of the undeformed side wall.
    [0061] Preferably the compressive force is such as to deform said side wall portion in such a way that the maximum travel, taken from among all points of said side wall portion between the forceless position and the deformed position , the path being taken along the direction of the compression force, is greater than or equal to approximately 0.5 cm.
    [0062] Preferably the maximum path is greater than or equal to 1.5 cm.
    [0063] Preferably the maximum travel is less than or equal to 5 cm.
    [0064] Preferably the maximum path is less than or equal to 3 cm.
    [0065] The Depositor has verified that such value intervals guarantee an advantageous flattening of the surface to be controlled and / or an advantageous opening of possible cuts.
    [0066] Preferably said compression force is, in modulus, greater than or equal to 40 N.
    [0067] Preferably said compression force is greater than or equal to 50 N.
    [0068] Preferably said compression force is less than or equal to 80 N.
    [0069] Preferably said compression force is less than or equal to 70 N.
    [0070] The Depositor has empirically verified that such force values are such to guarantee a good compromise between the different deformations to which the different tire models are subjected and / or, for the same model, in which the different portions of the radial sidewall are submitted. In such a way, it is possible to design a single tire control that guarantees the desired performances for various types or sizes of tires.
    [0071] It is preferably provided to repeat the aforementioned actions of deforming, illuminating, detecting an image, generating and analyzing a control signal over time in a plurality of additional sidewall portions in addition to said sidewall portion, said plurality being distributed along the circular extension of the side wall.
    [0072] Preferably, for this purpose the tire is rotated around its geometric axis, maintaining said compression force in successive sidewall portions. Preferably said plurality of additional sidewall portions are continuous with each other and constitute, with said sidewall portion, the entire sidewall.
    [0073] Preferably the compression force is kept constant.
    [0074] Preferably, it is provided, subsequent to the action of elasticly deforming said side wall portion and before detecting the image, to rotate the tire around its geometric axis for at least half a revolution, maintaining said compressive strength.
    [0075] Even more preferably, it is provided to rotate the tire around its geometric axis for three revolutions, maintaining said compression force. In such a way, advantageously, the adaptation of the tire to the force exerted is facilitated.
    [0076] It is preferably provided to exert said compression force by pressing a cylindrical compression roller against said external contact surface, the roller being able to rotate freely around its geometric axis.
    [0077] Preferably the deformation system comprises a compression member and an actuating member adapted to move the compression member along the direction of the compression force.
    [0078] Preferably the compression member comprises a frame mounted on the end of the actuating member and a cylindrical compression roller mounted on the frame in such a way that it can rotate freely around its geometric axis.
    [0079] Preferably the geometric axis of the compression roller is in a plane that passes through the geometric axis of the tire and through the radial direction of the portion of the sidewall subjected to deformation.
    [0080] Preferably the length of the roller along its geometric axis is greater than the radial length of the sidewall of the tire.
    [0081] Preferably the length of the roll along its geometric axis is greater than or equal to approximately 5 cm.
    [0082] Preferably the length of the roll along its geometric axis is less than or equal to approximately 25 cm.
    [0083] Preferably the radius of the compression roller is greater than or equal to approximately 1 cm.
    [0084] Preferably the radius of the compression roller is less than or equal to approximately 4 cm.
    [0085] The Depositor has found that such conformation and / or orientation of the compression roller provides adequate deformation for the side wall portion for the purposes of automatic failure detection.
    [0086] Preferably the frame comprises a support on which the compression roller is rotatably mounted, the support being articulated on the remaining body of the frame in such a way that the support, and the compression roller with it, can oscillate around geometric axis of oscillation.
    [0087] Preferably the geometric axis of oscillation is perpendicular to the geometric axis of the tire and perpendicular to the radial direction of the side wall portion subjected to deformation.
    [0088] Preferably the geometric axis of oscillation, in the resting position of the compression roller, is positioned above, with reference to a vertical direction parallel to the geometric axis of rotation of the tire, a median portion of the compression roller.
    [0089] Preferably the geometric axis of the compression roller in operation differs from a condition of perpendicularity with the geometric axis of the tire within a range of ± 60 °. Preferably two springs are interposed between the support and the remaining body of the frame on opposite sides of the geometric axis of oscillation giving rise to a predetermined resistance for said oscillation.
    [0090] The Depositor has advantageously discovered that the compression roller as described above can be adapted to the inclination of the side wall portion in which it exerts the compression, being adapted for the consequent deformation.
    [0091] Preferably a compression system comprises a radial movement member adapted to integrally move the compression member and the actuating member along the radial direction of the tire.
    [0092] Preferably the light illumination radiation is broadband. Preferably the light radiation is incoherent white light.
    [0093] Preferably the detection system comprises a camera having a digital optical sensor and an optical objective with a focal geometric axis thereof.
    [0094] Preferably the camera is of the linear type, aligned along the radial direction. In such a way, it is advantageously possible to acquire the images of the radial surface portions.
    [0095] The detection system preferably comprises a mirror to allow illumination and / or the detection of the image of the internal surface.
    [0096] Preferably the apparatus comprises at least one robotic arm, on which the free end of said detection system and said source are mounted.
    [0097] Preferably the detected image of the illuminated surface is a digital image consisting of a plurality of pixels, each corresponding to a small sub-portion of the surface having a finite size.
    [0098] Preferably it is provided to detect an image and / or generate a control signal and / or analyze the control signal, for each pixel of the digital image. Preferably, said processing unit is also configured to command and control said apparatus.
    [0099] Preferably it is provided to control a plurality n of tires in a predefined time interval.
    [00100] Preferably, said time interval corresponds to n times a cycle time of the production line. In such a way, it is possible to keep track of each tire in line during production, avoiding the previously mentioned control having to be performed outside the production line.
    [00101] Preferably, subsequent to the control, in the same predefined time interval it is provided to keep k tires on the production line, with k = <n, and to send nk tires outside said production line, as a function of the control signal mentioned before. The Depositor considers that in this way it is possible to obtain, in acceptable periods of time and in a precise and reliable way, a control of the surface of the tires that can be used advantageously to control the quality of the tires in the production line.
    [00102] Preferably each of said n-k tires shipped off the production line is sent to a verification station to carry at least one additional test on the same tire.
    [00103] In this way, it is possible to more accurately determine the problems that each tire has, and thus it is possible to decide in a more reliable way whether such tire should be discarded or not.
    [00104] Preferably, a tire production line comprises at least one workstation, at least one molding and vulcanizing station, and at least one control station comprising an apparatus for controlling tires according to the apparatus of the second aspect of the present invention, in any of its modalities.
    [00105] Preferably the tire control station comprises a tire overturning machine adapted to arrange the tire on an opposite side wall that is on the support.
    [00106] Preferably the tire control station comprises a pair of devices for controlling tires on the production line according to the present invention and, interposed between the two devices with reference to a production flow, said overturning machine.
    [00107] Additional features and advantages will be clearer from the detailed description of various example modalities, but not limiting a method and an apparatus for controlling tires in a tire production line, in accordance with the present invention. Such description will be defined below with reference to the enclosed figures, provided only to exemplify and thus non-limiting purposes, in which: - Figure 1 shows, in terms of the functional block, the production line according to the present invention; - Figure 2 shows a schematic and partial perspective view, partly in cross section and partly in terms of functional blocks, of an apparatus for controlling tires according to the present invention; Figures 3, 4 and 5 show several side and partial views, partially in section, of the apparatus of Figure 2 in different respective operating configurations according to the method of the present invention; - Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram, in terms of the functional block, of the control station according to the present invention; - Figure 7 shows a flow diagram of a tire production process according to the present invention.
    [00108] With reference to the figures, reference number 1 in general indicates the production line on which a control is carried out, carried out through the method and / or the apparatus according to the present invention. In general, the same reference number will be used for similar elements, even in the modified modalities of the same.
    [00109] Production line 1 (indicated with the dotted line in figure 1) comprises at least one workstation 10, at least one vulcanization station 20 and at least one control station 30 downstream from vulcanization station 20 ( with reference to a production flow indicated by the arrows). Production line 1 may also comprise additional stations, not illustrated in detail here.
    [00110] A flow diagram of a process 200 for producing tires according to the present invention is illustrated schematically in figure 7.
    [00111] Process 200 comprises at least one operation 210 to build green tires (typically carried out on workstation 10 mentioned above), a molding and vulcanization operation 220 green tires (typically carried out on vulcanization station 20 mentioned above following the operation construction 210) and an operation 230 to control molded and vulcanized tires (typically performed at the aforementioned control station 30 following molding and vulcanizing operation 220).
    [00112] The tire control operation 230 provides for controlling n tires in a predefined time interval, for example, equal to approximately n times a cycle time. For example, in the predefined time interval, a flow of n tires is fed to the entrance of the control station 30.
    [00113] Preferably, the n tires will be processed in sequence, one after the other, by the same devices present in the control station 30.
    [00114] The control station 30 comprises at least one apparatus 100 for controlling tires on the production line according to the method of the present invention. As shown in figure 6, the tire control station 30 may comprise a pair of the aforementioned devices 100 for controlling tires on the production line and, interposed between the two devices with reference to the production flow, a tire overturning machine 50 adapted to define the tire on an opposite side wall that is in the support of the first device 100 (to the left in figure 6). In such a way, it is possible to control the two sidewalls of the tire respectively in the two apparatus 100 respectively.
    [00115] The control operation performed on each single tire by each device 100 provides for the use method according to the present invention.
    [00116] As a function of the control signal generated for each tire, control station 30 establishes how to direct the n tires received at the entrance: - k tires (with k <= n) are kept on the production line (for example, they are sent to additional test and / or verification stations or subjected to labeling, storage, etc.), since they are considered adequate; - n-k tires are instead shipped off the production line, as they are at least preliminarily considered unsuitable.
    [00117] Preferably the maintenance of the k tires on the production line and the sending of the n-k tires off the production line is carried out at a time equal to the predefined time interval mentioned above.
    [00118] Preferably the n-k tires sent outside the production line are sent to a verification station 40 (outside the production line), where further analysis can be carried out in order to verify whether the tires should be definitively discarded. The production process consequently provides for an additional verification operation (outside the production line) 240 (performed at verification station 40) after the control operation, carried out only on n-k tires deemed unsuitable at least preliminarily. For example, the results of the aforementioned check may be as follows for each tire: "good" tire, "dqo" tire. but to be reprocessed "," defective tire to be discarded (waste) ", with failure classification and check on the production line.
    [00119] The apparatus 100 comprises a movement member 101 for a tire 200 having a support 102 adapted to rotate the tire about the geometric axis of rotation 201 thereof, typically arranged according to the vertical. In the figures, the movement member 101 for the tire is only shown in relation to the support 102, since it can, for example, be of the known type. Preferably the tire holder is configured to lock a bead, for example, by means of suitable radially movable clamps 103.
    [00120] The tire has a substantially toroidal structure around the geometric axis of rotation 201, and has a midline axial plane 202 (represented in the section by a dotted line in figures 3, 4 and 5) orthogonal to the geometric axis of rotation . The tire is composed of the crown 203 and the side walls 204. In turn, the last ones are each composed of a bead zone 205, a bead zone 206 and a central zone radially 207 interposed between the bead and the bead.
    [00121] The apparatus comprises a deformation system 110 configured to exert, through physical contact, a compressive force on an external contact surface that belongs to a portion of a sidewall of the tire, when the latter is supported by the support, in order to elastically deform the side wall portion. In a preferred configuration, for example, shown in the figures, the compressive force (indicated by the vertical arrow in figure 3) is directed as the geometric axis of rotation. Regardless, according to the Depositor the present invention comprises cases in which the compressive force has at least one component parallel to the geometric axis of rotation. For this purpose, the Depositor considers that the desired deformation effects can be obtained for a direction of the compression force that differs from the direction parallel to the geometric axis of rotation by no more than ± 60 °. The compressive force also has a direction towards the midline plane 202.
    [00122] Preferably the deformation system 110 comprises a compression member 111 and an actuating member 112 adapted to move the compression member along the direction of the compression force (as indicated, for example, by the double arrow in figure 2). As an example, the actuating member 112 can be a pneumatic cylinder (as shown in the figures). For example, the deformation system 110 comprises a pair of sliding guides 113 (integral with the pneumatic cylinder and arranged on opposite sides of the same) and a pair of sliding axes 114 within the guides 113 along the direction of the compression force and integral with the compression member 111, in order to stabilize the compression member in each operating condition.
    [00123] Preferably, the compression member 111 comprises a frame 115 integrally mounted at the piston end of the pneumatic cylinder (and at the corresponding ends of the axles 114) and a cylindrical compression roller 116 mounted on the frame in such a way that it can rotate freely in around its geometric axis 117. For example, the length of the compression roller along its geometric axis is approximately 20 cm and the radius of the roller is approximately 1.5 cm.
    [00124] Preferably the frame 115 comprises a support 118 in which the compression roller is rotatably mounted, the support being articulated in the remaining body of the frame (the latter being rigidly integral with the pneumatic piston) in such a way that the support , and the roller with the same, can oscillate around a geometric axis of oscillation 119 (indicated by a dotted line in figure 2).
    [00125] Preferably the geometric axis of oscillation 119 is perpendicular to the geometric axis of the tire 201 and perpendicular to the radial direction of the side wall portion subjected to deformation (such a radial direction that coincides, for example, with line 202 of Figure 4). In figure 3, D represents the vertical distance of the geometric axis of oscillation from the geometric axis of rotation of the roller, in its resting position, that is, without the compression force.
    [00126] Preferably two springs 120 are interposed between the support 118 and the remaining body of the frame 115 on opposite sides of the geometric axis of oscillation 119 in order to bring a predetermined resistance to the oscillation.
    [00127] Preferably the geometric axis 117 of the compression roller is always in a plane that passes through the geometric axis of the tire and through the radial direction of the side wall portion subjected to deformation (for example, the underlying plane of Figures 3, 4 and 5). Preferably the geometric axis 117 of the compression roller, without forces, that is, in the rest position, is perpendicular to the geometric axis of the tire. The geometric axis of the roller, in operation, due to oscillation can diverge from such a condition of perpendicularity with the geometric axis of the tire (as shown, for example, in figures 4 and 5) within the range of ± 60 °.
    [00128] Preferably the deformation system 110 comprises the radial member of movement (not shown, for example, an additional pneumatic piston and a guide and block system to guide the radial movement) adapted to fully move the compression member and the member actuator along the radial direction of the tire.
    The apparatus 100 comprises a source 125 adapted to emit a radiation of light to illuminate the internal and / or external surface of the deformed side wall portion and a detection system 130 adapted to detect an image of said surface, and to generate at least one control signal representative of the detected image.
    [00130] Preferably the light illuminating radiation is an incoherent white light. Alternatively, the light radiation can be light (coherent) with narrow band, for example, laser light.
    [00131] Preferably the detection system 130 comprises a linear camera 131, which can be of a two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) type, having a digital optical sensor (for example, loaded coupled device or CCD type), white or black, or more typically colored, and an optical objective with a focal geometric axis of the same (for example, the geometric center axis of objective lenses).
    [00132] The detection system 130 preferably comprises a mirror 132 to allow the detection of the image of the internal surface.
    [00133] Preferably the apparatus comprises a robotic arm 133 on which the free end of said detection system 130 and said source 125 are mounted.
    [00134] The apparatus comprises a processing unit 150 configured to receive, from the detection system 130, the control signal and to analyze the control signal in order to detect the possible presence of faults.
    [00135] Preferably the processing unit 150 is also configured to command and control the device 100. For this purpose, it is operatively connected (as shown schematically by the connection lines in figure 2) with camera 131, the source light 125, the actuating member 112, the possible radial movement member and the movement member 101 for the tire.
    [00136] In operation, the apparatus 100 can control each single tire by implementing the method of the present invention. The following description refers to a single tire. The one described can also be applied to each of the n tires that make up the incoming flow.
    [00137] In operation, a tire 200 is contacted against the support 102 (for example, by means of a robotic arm, not shown). Preferably the pressure inside the tire to be controlled is equal to the external pressure (ie the tire remains empty). Preferably the lower bead of the tire is locked by means of the clamps 103 and the opposite or upper bead remains free (i.e. no mounting rim is used).
    [00138] A portion of a side wall is elastically deformed by exerting the compressive force on an external contact surface that belongs to the side wall portion, pressing the aforementioned compression roller on the external contact surface.
    [00139] Preferably the entire remaining portion of the side wall remains undeformed. In an alternative embodiment, an additional (or even multiple) deformation system, coupled with an additional light source and an additional detection system, subjects the tire to the same operations described here, at a point of the tire diametrically opposite the wall portion deformed side mentioned earlier. In the case of multiple deformation systems, they will be equidistant from one another to the other. In such a way, the acquisition time of the images is cut in half (or additionally decreased). In any case, at least an additional side wall portion remains undeformed.
    [00140] As an example, the compressive force is such as to deform the side wall portion in such a way that the maximum travel, taken from among all points of said side wall portion between the forceless position and the deformed position, the path being taken along the direction of the compression force, is equal to 2 cm.
    [00141] As an example, the compression force is equal to 60 N.
    [00142] Preferably the tire is then preliminarily rotated around its geometric axis for at least half a revolution, keeping the compression member pressed. Subsequently, an internal and / or external surface of the side wall portion is illuminated with light radiation and an image is detected from the illuminated surface. Preferably the image is a digital image consisting of a plurality of pixels, each corresponding to a small sub-portion of surface having finite size.
    [00143] Subsequently, at least one control signal is generated, representative of the detected image.
    [00144] Subsequently, the control signal is analyzed in order to detect the possible presence of faults (for example, irregularities and / or foreign bodies in or in proximity to the surface) in the side wall portion.
    [00145] Preferably the analysis comprises at least the comparison of the control signal with a corresponding reference signal.
    [00146] Preferably an alarm signal is generated following the aforementioned comparison if the control signal differs from the reference signal by more than a predefined threshold level.
    [00147] Preferably the reference signal is generated by previously controlling a model tire.
    [00148] Preferably the reference signal is generated during the control of the same tire subjected to control, illuminating homologous portions of the tire portion subjected to control and generation of the reference signal as the average of the signals obtained from each image of each portion homologous.
    [00149] Preferably the reference signal is generated during the control of the same tire subjected to control by averaging the control signals obtained in n homologous portions preceding the elasticly deformed portion, where n is greater than or equal to a.
    [00150] Preferably the tire is then rotated around its geometric axis, keeping the deformation system at a standstill and the compressive force in the subsequent sidewall portions constant. In one embodiment, the deformation system, the source and the detection system can rotate around the geometric axis, following the side wall (with the tire stopped or in addition to the tire rotation). In such a way, the aforementioned actions are repeated: deforming, illuminating, detecting an image, generating and analyzing a control signal over time in a plurality of additional sidewall portions in addition to said aforementioned sidewall portion, said plurality being distributed along the circular extension of the sidewall in such a way as to control the entire sidewall.
    [00151] Figures 3, 4 and 5 show the apparatus 100 in different respective operating configurations for example, each corresponding with a respective mode to execute the control method of the present invention. Figures 3 and 4 show examples of elastic deformation of the side wall portion, in order to flatten the internal and / or external surface of at least a sub-portion of the deformed side wall portion. In figure 4, the external contact surface belongs to a lip 205, while in figure 3 it belongs to a central portion radially 207 of the side wall. In figures 3 and 4, the flattened inner surface of the sub-portion is illustrating in an illuminated manner, in order to detect its image, said flattened inner surface being located on the opposite side of the outer contact surface. In addition to or as an alternative to such lighting and image detection, in the case of the deformation shown in figures 3 and 4, the flattened outer surface can preferably be illuminated (not shown); the last surface is situated in a position adjacent to the external contact surface, with reference to the circular extension direction of the side wall in the relative direction of advance between the tire 200 and the cylindrical compression roller 116.
    [00152] Figure 5 shows an example of elastic deformation of the side wall portion in order to decrease the external radius of curvature of at least a sub-portion of the deformed side wall portion. In such a case, the external surface of the sub-portion is illuminated in order to detect its image. In order to simplify the illustration, in figure 5 the lighting and the detection system have been schematized only in terms of functional blocks; in any case, it is fitted outside and above the tire. In the case of the deformation of Figure 5, the external contact surface is close to the free bead 206 and the controlled sub-portion belongs to a central portion radially 207 of the side wall.
    [00153] Still the elastic deformation shown in figure 3 can be an example of elastic deformation of the side wall portion in order to decrease the external radius of curvature of at least a sub-portion of the deformed side wall portion. In such a case, the external contact surface belongs to a central portion radially 207 of the side wall and the controlled sub-portion is located on the respective edge 205. It is observed that in figure 3 the detection and lighting system is shown in the position to acquire the images of the internal surfaces (described above), while in the present case (not shown) it must be positioned outside the tire, as shown in figure 5.
    [00154] In both the last two cases described above, the controlled sub-portion is more radially external with respect to the external contact surface.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    1. Method for controlling tires on a tire production line, characterized by the fact that it comprises: - predisposing a tire (200) to be controlled, the tire having a geometric axis of rotation (201) and a midline plane (202 ) orthogonal to the geometric axis of rotation; - elastically deform a portion of a sidewall of said tire by exerting, through physical contact, a compressive force on an external contact surface that belongs to said sidewall portion, said compressive force having at least one component parallel to the geometric axis of rotation and direction directed to the midline plane; - illuminate, with a light radiation, a surface of said side wall portion and detect an image of said illuminated surface; - generate at least one control signal representative of the detected image; and - analyzing said at least one control signal in order to detect the possible presence of faults in the side wall portion.
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said analysis comprises at least the comparison of said at least one control signal with at least one corresponding reference signal.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the reference signal is generated during the control of said tire by illuminating portions homologous to the portion of said tire subjected to control and generating said reference signal as the average of the obtained signals from each image of each homologous portion.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the reference signal is generated during the control of said tire through the average of the control signals obtained in n homologous portions preceding the elasticly deformed portion, where n is greater than or equal to one.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it is provided to elastically deform said side wall portion, so as to flatten the internal or external surface of at least a sub-portion of the deformed side wall portion. .
    [0006]
    6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the external contact surface belongs to a flange (205) or to a central portion radially (207) of the side wall.
    [0007]
    Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it is provided to elastically deform said side wall portion in order to decrease the external radius of curvature of at least a sub-portion of said side wall portion.
    [0008]
    8. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it is provided to repeat the aforementioned actions of deforming, illuminating, detecting an image, generating and analyzing a control signal over time in a plurality of additional portions of the side wall in addition to said side wall portion, said plurality being distributed along the circular extension of the side wall, wherein said plurality of additional side wall portions are continuous with each other and constitute, with said side wall portion , the entire side wall.
    [0009]
    9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it is provided, subsequent to the action of elasticly deforming said side wall portion and before detecting the image, to rotate the tire around the geometric axis of the for at least half a revolution, maintaining said compression force.
    [0010]
    10. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it is provided to exert said compression force by pressing a cylindrical compression roller (116) against said external contact surface, the roller being able to rotate freely in around its geometric axis.
    [0011]
    11. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it is provided to control a plurality n of tires in a predefined time interval, said time interval corresponding to n times a cycle time of said production line.
    [0012]
    12. Apparatus (100) for performing a method for controlling tires (200) on a tire production line as defined in any of the preceding claims, the apparatus characterized by the fact that it comprises: - a moving member (101) having a support (102) adapted to rotate the tire (200) around a geometric axis of rotation (201) of the same; - a deformation system (110) configured to exert, through physical contact, a compressive force on an external contact surface that belongs to a portion of a sidewall of said tire, when the latter is supported by the support, in such a way to elastically deform said side wall portion, said compressive force having at least one component parallel to the geometric axis of rotation and direction directed to a midline plane (202) of the tire (200); - a source (125) adapted to emit light radiation to illuminate a surface of said side wall portion and a detection system (130) adapted to detect an image of said surface, and to generate at least one representative control signal the detected image; and - a processing unit (150) configured for the following functions: - receiving, from the detection system, said at least one control signal; - analyze the said at least one control signal in order to detect the possible presence of faults.
    [0013]
    Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the deformation system (110) comprises a compression member (111) and an actuator member (112) adapted to move the compression member along the direction of the force of compression.
    [0014]
    Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the compression member comprises a frame (115) mounted on the end of the actuating member and a cylindrical compression roller (116) mounted on the frame in such a way that it can rotate freely around a geometric axis (117) thereof.
    [0015]
    15. Tire production line (1), characterized by the fact that it comprises at least one work station (10), at least one molding and vulcanizing station (20), and at least one control station (30) comprising an apparatus (100) for controlling tires as defined in any one of claims 12 to 14.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    RU2657637C2|2018-06-14|
    ITMI20131157A1|2015-01-11|
    CN105378447B|2017-05-24|
    MX2015017443A|2016-03-21|
    KR20160021815A|2016-02-26|
    WO2015004587A1|2015-01-15|
    RU2016103472A|2017-08-15|
    JP6154494B2|2017-06-28|
    CN105378447A|2016-03-02|
    EP3019847B1|2017-04-12|
    EP3019847A1|2016-05-18|
    JP2016525208A|2016-08-22|
    PL3019847T3|2017-09-29|
    RU2016103472A3|2018-03-22|
    US9719944B2|2017-08-01|
    MX349104B|2017-07-11|
    BR112015032611A2|2017-07-25|
    KR101697241B1|2017-01-17|
    US20160377556A1|2016-12-29|
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    法律状态:
    2018-11-06| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2020-04-14| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-12-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-02-09| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 07/07/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    IT001157A|ITMI20131157A1|2013-07-10|2013-07-10|METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CHECKING TIRES IN A PRODUCTION LINE|
    ITMI2013A001157|2013-07-10|
    PCT/IB2014/062912|WO2015004587A1|2013-07-10|2014-07-07|Method and apparatus for controlling tyres in a tyre production line|
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