• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Antenna Assembly, Downhole Measurement Tool, and Method of Obtaining a Measurement in a Borehole Formed in a Formation The present disclosure describes several antenna assemblies, each antenna coil being arranged around a section of the tool body into an antenna path. the antenna path passes through alternate notches and peripheral parts. in each embodiment, at least one of the notches is disposed in the tool body section in a non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tool body section. the antenna coil can be an axial coil or an inclined coil. additional notches oriented in the axial direction can be included. Also described are methods including acquiring a plurality of data pairs, each data pair comprising a signal induced in a receiver and a corresponding tool face angle using a tool including at least one disclosed antenna array, and a method for generating a measurement containing information regarding the directionality of the formation by calculating areas of an induced signal function approximated by the plurality of data pairs.
    公开号:BR112015024984B1
    申请号:R112015024984-1
    申请日:2013-12-30
    公开日:2021-08-31
    发明作者:Jian Yang
    申请人:Oliden Technology, Llc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    RELATED ORDER CROSS REFERENCE
    [001] This application claims the benefit of Provisional Patent Application No. US 61/807,236, filed April 1, 2013, Non-Provisional Application No. US 14/061,566 filed October 23, 2013, and Non-Provisional Application No. US 14/061,572 filed October 23, 2013. BACKGROUND
    [002] The present disclosure relates in general to the field of profiling tools and particularly to electromagnetic profiling tools. More specifically, the present disclosure concerns various directional antenna and tool designs, and methods for directional electromagnetic well logging during drilling.
    [003] Several well logging techniques are known in the field of hydrocarbon exploration and production. These techniques use instruments or tools equipped with transmitters adapted to emit energy into a subsurface formation that has been penetrated by a borehole. In this description, "instrument" and "tool" will be used interchangeably to indicate, for example, an electromagnetic instrument (or tool), a conventional electrical cable logging tool (or instrument), or a logging tool (or instrument) during drilling. The emitted energy interacts with the surrounding formation to produce signals that are then detected and measured by one or more sensors. By processing the detected signal data, formation profile properties can be generated.
    [004] More specifically, electromagnetic profiling tools including electromagnetic induction and wave propagation profiling tools are used for determining electrical properties of formations around a borehole. Such logging tools obtain measurements related to the resistivity (or its inverse, conductivity) of the formation which, when interpreted, illustrate various petrophysical properties of the formation and fluids within it. The physical principles of electromagnetic induction resistivity well logging are well known.
    [005] Electromagnetic profiling tools use transmitter and receiver antennas formed from an antenna coil, or a short coil, formed from one or more windings of lead wire, wound on a support. In some embodiments, such antennas may be operable as a transmitter and/or receiver. Those skilled in the art will realize that an antenna can be used as a transmitter at one time and as a receiver at another time. It is also noticed that the transmitter-receiver configurations revealed here are interchangeable because of the reciprocity principle, that is, the “transmitter” can be used as a “receiver”, and vice versa.
    [006] Conventional electromagnetic profiling tools employ non-directional transmitting and receiving antennas that do not have azimuthal sensitivity. In high-angle or horizontal wells, measurements taken with non-directional antennas do not contain information about the directionality of the formation that allows one to distinguish whether the drillhole is approaching, for example, a conductive layer above or below. Such information is used in well placement applications. Profiling tools comprising a directional antenna (an antenna with azimuthal sensitivity), such as those described in US Patent No. 5,508,616 , US Patent No. 6,163,155 and US Patent No. 6,476,609 . Such profiling tools can provide a directional measurement containing information about the directionality of the formation. It additionally provides more information used for various training assessment applications.
    [007] A challenge of profiling electromagnetic logging tools during drilling is protecting the antenna coil in order to withstand the demanding aggressive downhole conditions. One design to protect the antenna known in the prior art is to provide a “narrow-down” type collar portion, radially reducing the collar dimension to provide a deep, wide notch. The antenna coil is wound in the reduced radial dimension area of the collar, separated by an insulating layer from the surface of the reduced area, and a knurled sleeve or sheath is provided and secured in position over the antenna coil. Various antenna designs of this type are described in US Patent 4,536,714, US Patent 4,949,045, US Patent 6,297,639 and US Patent 6,566,881.
    [008] Another design known in the prior art is to provide the antenna coil directly in a path within a drilling collar with notches in the thickness of the drilling collar, without the knurled sheath disposed around the antenna coil found in the first method described . The antenna coil in the path exposed in the notches is protected by a non-metallic material disposed in the notches, and the antenna coil in the path between notches is protected by the perforation collar material through which the path passes. Various antenna designs of this type are described in US Patent No. 5,138,263 , US Patent No. 5,530,358 , US Patent No. 6,577,129 , US Patent No. 7,057,392 , US Patent No. 7,414,407 and US Patent 7,839,149.
    [009] Various processing methods for generating measurements from data collected by the profiling electromagnetic logging tool during drilling including a directional antenna are described in U.S. Patent No. 7,382,135 and U.S. Patent No. 8,195,400. SUMMARY
    [010] In at least one aspect, the disclosure concerns an antenna assembly. The antenna assembly includes a tool body section with a longitudinal axis, the tool body section having an outer surface. On the outer surface, a plurality of notches of reduced radial dimension are spaced around the tool body section. At least one of the plurality of notches is oriented in a non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tool body section. On the outer surface, a plurality of peripheral portions of similar radial dimension or substantially flush with the outer surface of the tool body section is provided, each peripheral portion of the plurality of peripheral portions separating at least two adjacent notches from the plurality of notches. The antenna assembly also includes an antenna path that traverses the plurality of notches and the plurality of peripheral portions around the tool body section. The antenna assembly also includes a coil disposed in the path of the antenna.
    [011] In at least one aspect, the disclosure concerns a method for obtaining a measurement in a borehole formed in a formation. The method includes arranging a tool comprising a transmitter and a receiver in a borehole, at least one of the transmitter and receiver comprising an antenna assembly. The antenna assembly includes a tool body section with a longitudinal axis, the tool body section having an outer surface. On the outer surface, a plurality of notches of reduced radial dimension are spaced around the tool body section. At least one of the plurality of notches is oriented in a non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tool body section. On the outer surface, a plurality of peripheral portions of similar radial dimension or substantially flush with the outer surface of the tool body section is provided, each peripheral portion of the plurality of peripheral portions separating at least two adjacent notches from the plurality of notches. The antenna assembly also includes an antenna path that traverses the plurality of notches and the plurality of peripheral portions around the tool body section. The antenna assembly also includes a coil disposed in the path of the antenna. The method also includes selectively transmitting electromagnetic energy from the transmitter. The method also includes obtaining a plurality of data pairs associated with the energy transmitted at the receiver.
    [012] In at least one aspect, the disclosure concerns a downhole measurement tool for obtaining data in a borehole. The downhole measurement tool includes at least one transmitter implanted around a first section of the tool body and at least one receiver implanted around a second section of the tool body, the receiver being axially spaced from the transmitter . At least one of the transmitter and receiver is the antenna assembly described above. The antenna assembly includes a tool body section with a longitudinal axis, the tool body section having an outer surface. On the outer surface, a plurality of notches of reduced radial dimension are spaced around the tool body section. At least one of the plurality of notches is oriented in a non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tool body section. On the outer surface, a plurality of peripheral portions of similar radial dimension or substantially flush with the outer surface of the tool body section is provided, each peripheral portion of the plurality of peripheral portions separating at least two adjacent notches from the plurality of notches. The antenna assembly also includes an antenna path that traverses the plurality of notches and the plurality of peripheral portions around the tool body section. The antenna assembly also includes a coil disposed in the path of the antenna.
    [013] In at least one aspect, the revelation concerns a method. The method may include arranging a tool in a borehole disposed in a formation, the tool including at least one transmitter and at least one receiver. At least one of the transmitter and receiver is a directional antenna. Transmitter and receiver are axially spaced from each other. The method may include acquiring in the borehole a plurality of data pairs, each data pair comprising an induced signal at at least one receiver and a corresponding tool face angle out of a total tool face range. The method may include computing at least an area of an approximate induced signal function by the plurality of data pairs to generate a measurement that characterizes the formation.
    [014] In at least one aspect, the disclosure concerns a downhole measurement tool. The downhole measurement tool includes a tool body with a longitudinal axis. The downhole measurement tool includes at least one transmitter antenna implanted around the tool body. The downhole measurement tool includes at least one receiver antenna deployed around the tool body, the receiver antenna being axially spaced from the transmitter antenna. At least one of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna comprises a directional antenna. The downhole measurement tool includes a controller configured to (i) cause the tool to acquire a plurality of data pairs while rotating in an underground borehole, each data pair comprising an induced signal measurement and an angle of the corresponding tool face; and (ii) calculate downhole at least one area of an induced signal function approximated by the plurality of data pairs to generate a measurement characterizing the formation.
    [015] This summary is provided to present several concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the matter claimed, nor should it be used as an aid in limiting the scope of the matter claimed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [016] The modalities of antennas, tools and methods for directional electromagnetic well logging are described with reference to the following figures. Like numbers are used in figures to reference like features and components.
    [017] Figure 1 is a schematic of a drilling environment that can be used in connection with various deployments of the present disclosure.
    [018] Figure 2 is a schematic of an exemplary electromagnetic profiling tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
    [019] Figures 3A to 3E provide side views of various antenna assemblies according to embodiments of the present disclosure, and Figures 3F to 3G show sectional views along the orientation of a notch and through a peripheral part, respectively.
    [020] Figure 4 shows a flowchart of a method for acquiring data using an antenna array in accordance with the present disclosure.
    [021] Figure 5 shows a graph of an approximate induced signal function connecting discrete signal data points, as well as the four subsets of the induced signal function area, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
    [022] Figure 6 shows a graph of original simulated data points, recalculated data points according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the exact signal of a sinusoidal shape.
    [023] Figure 7 shows a flowchart of a method for processing data obtained in accordance with the present disclosure to generate measurements. DEFINITIONS
    [024] As used herein, the terms "up" and "down", "top" and "bottom", "up" and "down", "below" and "above" and other similar terms indicating positions Relatives above or below a given point or element may be used with respect to some implementations of the various technologies described herein. However, when applied to equipment and methods for use in wells that are offset or horizontal, or when applied to equipment and methods that, when arranged in a well, are in an offset or horizontal orientation, such terms may refer to relationships of the left to right, right to left, or other as appropriate, where "up" is the position in a tool string relatively more proximal to the surface equipment and "down" is the position in the tool string relatively more proximal to the drillhole set.
    [025] “Axial” refers to a direction disposed substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of a tool or downhole housing.
    [026] “Non-axial” refers to a direction disposed at a given angle not parallel to the longitudinal axis of a tool or downhole housing, including orthogonal angles as well as any angle less than ninety degrees.
    [027] “Induced signal function” refers to a signal induced at a tool receiver by the electromagnetic wave emitted at a tool transmitter, as a function of the tool face angle. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the induced signal is measured at a discrete time, and the induced signal function is therefore roughly defined by a plurality of data pairs, each pair comprising an induced signal, and an angle of the corresponding tool face.
    [028] “Tool face angle” refers to the angular separation around the circumference of the tool from a given direction to the radial direction of a datum on a downhole tool.
    [029] “Total tool face range” refers to the 360 degree range that covers a full or full azimuth rotation.
    [030] "Tool body section" refers to a portion of any tubular mechanical support that is adapted to be movable through a borehole, the portion being substantially local to the position of the antenna coil disposed therein, such as such as, for example, a portion of any one of a drill collar, drill pipe segment, tool housing, or other well drilling tubular, with an outer surface and an inner surface separated by a wall thickness, in that the inner surface defines a central hole through it. The overall length of a tool may exceed the section from the local tool body to the coil.
    [031] “Antenna path” refers, in one or more notches, to at least the space occupied by an antenna coil; and, in one or more peripheral parts, the antenna path refers to at least one space in which an antenna coil can pass. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [032] In the following description, numerous details are presented to provide an understanding of the present revelation. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present disclosure can be practiced without these details, and that numerous variations or modifications in the described modalities are possible.
    [033] The present disclosure describes several modalities for antenna assemblies, with each antenna coil being arranged around a section of the tool body in an antenna path. The antenna path passes through alternate peripheral parts (with a similar outer diameter or substantially flush with the tool body section) and notches (with a reduced outer diameter in relation to the tool body section, not passing completely through the thickness of the tool body section). In each mode, at least one of the notches is disposed in the tool body section in a non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tool body section, i.e. not parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tool body section . In one embodiment, the antenna coil is an axial coil, where the geometry axis of the coil is parallel to the geometric axis of the tool body section, or an inclined coil, where the axis of the coil is not parallel to the geometric axis of the section of the tool body. Additional notches in axial angles or transverse angles can be arranged in the tool body section. Inserts of magnetic permeable material, such as ferrite, can be arranged in the notches. Each of the disclosed antenna assemblies can be employed in an electromagnetic profiling tool to provide directional measurements during drilling.
    [034] The present disclosure also describes methods for acquiring a plurality of data pairs, each data pair comprising a signal induced in a receiver and a corresponding tool face angle using a tool including at least one directional antenna, such as as a directional antenna assembly described here. It further discloses a method for generating a measurement containing information regarding the directionality of the formation by calculating at least an area of an induced signal function approximated by the plurality of data pairs. PHYSICAL COMPONENTS
    [035] Figure 1 illustrates a drilling environment 100 that can be used in connection with various deployments of the present disclosures. In one deployment, drilling environment 100 may include a drilling rig 10 positioned over a well bore 11. A drilling tool assembly, which may include a drill string 12 and a drill bit 15 coupled to the lower end of the drill string 12, can be arranged in well bore 11. Drill string 12 and bit 15 can be rotated by a drill string connecting assembly to swivel 17 coupled to the upper end of drill string 12. The drill string connecting the swivel 17 can be rotated by engaging with a turntable 16 arranged on the platform 10. The drill string connecting assembly to the swivel 17 and the drill string 12 can be suspended by a hook 18 coupled to the connection assembly of the drill string to the swivel 17 by a rotatable swivel 19.
    [036] Drilling fluid can be stored in a well 27 and can be pumped through the center of drill string 12 by a mud pump 29 to flow down (shown by arrow 9). After circulation through drill 15, drilling fluid can circulate upward (indicated by arrow 32) through an annular space between well bore 11 and drill string 12. The drilling mud flow can lubricate and cool the bit 15 and take drill cuttings produced by the bit 15 to the surface for collection and disposal.
    [037] A downhole assembly (BHA) 110 can be connected to the drill string 12. The downhole assembly 110 can include a stabilizer 140 and a drill collar 130, which can be coupled to a metering device. location 120. The downhole assembly 110 may also include a subsurface communications system 150, such as a pressure modulation (mud pulse) telemetry system. Pressure modulation telemetry can include various techniques to selectively modulate the flow (and hence the pressure) of drilling mud. Drill string 12 may also (or alternatively) comprise wire-connected drill pipes that support high-speed telemetry between the surface and the downhole tools.
    [038] A transducer 31 disposed on the surface of the earth can be configured to detect pressure variations and conduct signals to an upward telemetry subsystem 90 for demodulation and interpretation. The demodulated signals can be routed to a processor 85 and a recorder 45 for further processing and/or storage. The surface equipment may optionally include a downward telemetry subsystem 95, which may include a pressure modulating transmitter (not detailed) which may modulate the pressure of the downward flowing drilling mud to communicate control signals to the bottom assembly of well 110. It should be understood that the mud telemetry described above is an example of a communication device. Other telemetry systems known in the art can also be used.
    [039] The subsurface communication system 150 may also include various types of processors and controllers (not shown) to control the operation of sensors disposed therein, to communicate command signals to the local measurement device 120, and to receive and process transmitted measurements by local measurement device 120. Sensors in downhole assembly 110 and/or subsurface communications system 150 may include magnometometers, accelerometers, counters, and the like.
    [040] Various instruments arranged in the downhole assembly 110, the subsurface communications system 150 and the local measurement device 120 can be collectively referred to as a logging tool during drilling (LWD) or measurement tool during drilling (MWD ). Downhole assembly 110, processor 85, and/or subsurface communications system 150 may include various forms of data storage or memory that can store measurements made by all or any of the sensors, including sensors disposed in the device. of site measurement 120, for further processing during or after the drill string 12 is withdrawn from the well bore 11. In an implementation, the LWD or MWD tool can be a propagation resistivity tool. As such, the downhole assembly 110, the subsurface communications system 150 and the local measurement device 120 can be used to obtain well logging data obtained from various transponder pairs (to be discussed further below) and at multiple frequencies. Such data can be communicated with the surface while the LWD or MWD tool is downhole or stored in the LWD or MWD tool for later reading.
    [041] Figure 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary downhole tool for use as the local measurement device 120 of Figure 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Starting at the left of Figure 2, several antenna assemblies (one or more of which may be in accordance with antenna assemblies described here) are provided along the local measuring device 120 shown. Each antenna set can function as a transmitter or receiver. On the left, the local measuring device 120 is connected to the perforation collar 130, as shown in Figure 1. A first T1 antenna assembly 21 functions as a first transmitter. Adjacent to T1 21 is a second antenna assembly T2 22, functioning as a second transmitter. Axially spaced from T2 22 are positioned one or more antenna assemblies. As shown, a third antenna assembly R1 23 is positioned and functional as a receiver, with a fourth antenna assembly R2 24 functioning as a receiver, coupled to a fifth antenna assembly T3 25 functioning as a transmitter. Axially spaced from the T3 are positioned a sixth T4 antenna assembly 26 functioning as a transmitter and a seventh R3 antenna assembly 28 functioning as a receiver. On the right, the spot measuring device 120 is connected to a next close section of the drill collar 130 and the drill bit 15.
    [042] As is well known, antenna assemblies in general can function as a receiver, transmitter or both, being referred to as a transceiver, and so the example presented here is intended to be just a representative example, and various other combinations of receivers, transmitters and/or transceivers are currently covered. For example, the profiling tool can be deployed with multiple modules, with one or more transmitter antenna assemblies deployed in one module, transmitting electromagnetic energy to be received by one or more receiver antenna assemblies deployed in a different module. Tool modules are detachably joined together, or in an intervening module, or set of modules, which can be other tools in the tool column. At least one of the transmit and receive antenna sets is in accordance with the antenna sets described here. Additional transmitters and/or receivers (not shown) may be provided adjacent to the antenna assemblies shown in Figure 2, as well.
    [043] In a particular embodiment of the downhole tool of Figure 2, T1 21 comprises a non-directional antenna, while T2 22 comprises a directional antenna, such as one of the antenna array embodiments presented here. In one embodiment, R1 23 comprises a non-directional antenna, R2 24 comprises a non-directional antenna, and T3 25 comprises a directional antenna, such as one of the antenna array embodiments presented here. In one embodiment, T4 26 comprises a non-directional antenna, and R3 28 comprises a directional antenna, such as one of the antenna array embodiments presented here. Optionally, additional transmitters and/or receivers can also be arranged on the local measuring device 120, in various positions, and used in combination with the transmitters and receivers shown.
    [044] In a particular embodiment of the local measuring device 120 of Figure 2, the spacing between adjacent antenna arrays can range from about fifteen (15) cm to about forty-five (45) cm. In a particular embodiment of Figure 2, the spacing between some adjacent antenna arrays (21 and 22, 22 and 23, 24 and 25, 25 and 26, and 26 and 28) may be forty (40) cm, whereas the spacing between some adjacent antenna arrays 23 and 24 (such as those used as receivers) can be from about twenty (20) cm to about twenty-five (25) cm. In other embodiments, the spacing between adjacent antenna arrays can cover greater or lesser distances.
    [045] Figures 3A to 3E provide side views of various directional antenna assemblies according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In each of the antenna assembly embodiments, a tool body section 12-1 is provided, defined with a longitudinal axis 341 disposed lengthwise. Returning to Figure 3A, the tool body section 12-1 has an outer surface 12-2, in which a plurality of notches such as 342 are disposed. Each of the notches 342 has a reduced radial dimension relative to the outer surface. 12-2 of tool body section 12-1. Notches 342 are spaced around tool body section 12-1. Between neighboring notches 342, a peripheral portion 344 is disposed, each peripheral portion 344 having a radial dimension greater than that of each of the neighboring notches and similarly or substantially flush with the outer surface 12-2 of the tool body section 12 -1. In each embodiment described below, at least one of the notches 342 is oriented in a non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis 341 of the tool body section 12-1. An antenna path 347 (shown by the dashed line in Figure 3E) traverses the plurality of notches 342 and the plurality of peripheral portions 344 in the tool body section 12-1. The path of antenna 347 passes through peripheral parts 344, and a portion (or portions) of space in each of the notches that allow passage of a coil 340, which may comprise one or multiple windings, and may be non-planar.
    [046] Figure 3A shows an embodiment of a first set of antenna 300A, intended to show the relative positioning of the notches and the coil. A section of tool body 12-1 has an outer surface 12-2, and with a longitudinal axis 341. Specifically, six notches 342 and two notches 346 are disposed on the outer surface 12-2, shown here as rectangular, but may be of any geometric shape, such as a quadrilateral or otherwise elongated shape. Each notch 342, 346 is defined by two sides, a top and a base, which can be optionally rounded. Each notch 342, 346 also has a depth, which can be a portion of the thickness of the tool body section 12-1. The depth can be, for example, uniform, graduated or rounded. The orientation of each notch 342, 346 refers to the direction in which the notch 342, 346 is elongated. In more simplified terms, each notch 342, 346 acts as a magnetic dipole oriented in the same orientation as the elongation of notch 342, 346, respectively.
    [047] As shown, the six notches 342 are oriented in a non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis 341, whereas two notches 346 are oriented in the axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis 341. An inclined coil 340A is positioned in an antenna path, passing through alternate notches 342 and notches 346, where the coil is shown in full curve, and peripheral parts 344, where the coil is shown in dashed curve. The antenna path can be formed by machining a portion of each peripheral portion 344, and subsequently welding each peripheral portion 344 into the tool body section 12-1 before or after the coil(s) 340A is (are) rolled up. The antenna path can also be formed by machining a portion of each peripheral part 344 and subsequently covering the antenna coil with a covering part, preferably with similar electromagnetic properties as the material of the tool body section 12-1 , on the coil, for each peripheral part 344 after the coil 340A is wound. The addition of the covering part restores the overall radial dimension of the peripheral part. In one embodiment, the antenna path can also be formed by machining a portion of each peripheral portion 344 and subsequently filling each machined portion with a non-metallic protective material, such as fiberglass or epoxy, to restore the overall dimension. of the peripheral part after the coil 340A is wound. Alternatively, the antenna path can be drilled or punched through each peripheral part. In one embodiment, the antenna path in the peripheral parts 344 is preferably minimized to allow the antenna coil to pass through it without additional void remaining around the antenna coil and, optionally, if a void is present, the void space can be sealed with a non-metallic filler such as fiberglass or epoxy. In one embodiment, the non-axially oriented notches 342 are oriented substantially perpendicular to coil 340A.
    [048] In one embodiment, a non-metallic protective material, such as fiberglass or epoxy, is disposed in each notch when coil 340A is in place, substantially filling the remaining space of the notch to a level flush with the surface external of each neighboring peripheral part 344.
    [049] In one embodiment, a magnetic permeable material insert (not shown in Figure 3A) may optionally be disposed in each notch such that the insert is under coil 340A when coil 340A is placed around the body section of tool 12-1. The magnetic permeable material can, for example, be a ferrite material.
    [050] In one embodiment, the two axial notches 346 can be removed from Figure 3A. On the other hand, removing the non-axial notches 342 or replacing the non-axial notches 342 with the axial notches in Figure 3A will result in a non-directional antenna assembly.
    [051] Figure 3B shows an embodiment of a second set of antenna 300B, intended to show the relative positioning of the notches and coil. A cylindrical section of tool body 12-1 has an outer surface 12-2, and has a longitudinal geometric axis 341. Six notches 342 and two notches 346 are disposed on the outer surface 12-2, shown here as rectangular, but may be of any geometric shape such as a quadrilateral or otherwise elongated shape. Each notch 342, 346 is defined by two sides, a top and a base, which can be optionally rounded. Each notch 342 also has a depth, which can be a portion of the thickness of the tool body section 12-1. The depth can be, for example, uniform, graduated or rounded. The orientation of each notch 342, 346 refers to the direction in which the notch 342, 346 is elongated. In more simplified terms, each notch 342, 346 acts as a magnetic dipole oriented in the same orientation as notch 342, 346. As shown, notches 342 are oriented in a non-axial direction with respect to longitudinal axis 341, whereas two notches 346 are oriented in the axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis 341. An axial coil 340B is positioned in an antenna path (not shown), passing through the alternating notches 342, where the coil 340B is shown in full curve, and peripheral parts 344, where the coil is shown in dashed curve. Non-axially oriented notches 342 are oriented at an angle to coil 340B.
    [052] As stated, the antenna path can be formed by machining a portion of each peripheral portion 344, and subsequently welding each peripheral portion 344 to the tool body section 12-1 before or after the coil(s) 340B be wound. The antenna path can also be formed by machining a portion of each peripheral part 344 and subsequently covering the antenna coil with a covering part, preferably with similar electromagnetic properties as the material of the tool body section 12-1 over the coil for each peripheral part 344 after the coil 340B is wound. The addition of the covering part restores the overall radial dimension of the peripheral part. In one embodiment, the antenna path can also be formed by machining a portion of each peripheral portion and subsequently filling each machined portion with a non-metallic protective material, such as fiberglass or epoxy, to restore the overall radial dimension. of the peripheral part after the coil 340B is wound. Alternatively, the antenna path can be drilled or punched through each peripheral part. In one embodiment, the antenna path in the peripheral parts 344 is preferably minimized to allow the antenna coil to pass through without additional void remaining around the antenna coil, and optionally, if void space is present, the space Vacuum can be sealed with a non-metallic filler such as fiberglass or epoxy.
    [053] In one embodiment, a non-metallic protective material, such as fiberglass or epoxy, is disposed in each notch when coil 340B is in place, substantially filling the remaining space of the notch to a level flush with the surface external of each neighboring peripheral portion 344. In one embodiment, an insert of magnetic permeable material may be disposed in each notch such that the insert is under coil 340B when coil 340B is placed around tool body section 12 -1. The magnetic permeable material can, for example, be a ferrite material.
    [054] In one embodiment, the two axial grooves 346 can optionally be removed in Figure 3B. On the other hand, removing the non-axial notches 342 or replacing the non-axial notches 342 with the axial notches of Figure 3B will result in a non-directional antenna assembly.
    [055] Figure 3C shows an embodiment of a third antenna assembly 300C intended to show the relative positioning of the notches and coil. A cylindrical section of tool body 12-1 has an outer surface 12-2 and has a longitudinal geometric axis 341. Six notches are disposed on the outer surface 12-2, shown here as rectangular, but can be of any geometric shape such as quadrilateral or if not elongated. Each notch 343, 346 is defined by two sides, a top and a base, which can be optionally rounded. Each notch 343, 346 also has a depth, which can be a portion of the thickness of the tool body section 12-1. The depth can be, for example, uniform, graduated or rounded. The orientation of each notch 343, 346 refers to the direction in which the notch 343, 346 is elongated. In more simplified terms, each notch 343, 346 acts as a magnetic dipole oriented in the same orientation as notch 343, 346. As shown, four of the notches 343 are oriented orthogonally to the longitudinal axis 341. Two of the notches 346 are axially oriented with respect to longitudinal axis 341. An inclined coil 340C is positioned in an antenna path, passing through alternating notches 342, where the coil is shown in full curve, and peripheral parts 344, where the coil is shown in dashed curve.
    [056] As stated, the antenna path can be formed by machining a portion of each peripheral part 344, and subsequently welding each peripheral part 344 into the tool body section 12-1 before or after the 340C coil(s) is(are) wound. The antenna path can also be formed by machining a portion of each peripheral part 344 and subsequently covering the antenna coil with a covering part, preferably with similar electromagnetic properties as the material of the tool body section 12-1 over the coil for each peripheral part 344 after the coil 340C is wound. The addition of the covering part restores the overall radial dimension of the peripheral part. In one embodiment, the antenna path can also be formed by machining a portion of each peripheral portion 344, and subsequently filling each machined portion with a non-metallic protective material, such as fiberglass or epoxy, to restore the dimension. general radial of the peripheral part after coil 340C is wound. Alternatively, the antenna path can be drilled or punched through each peripheral part. In one embodiment, the antenna path in the peripheral parts 344 is preferably minimized to allow the antenna coil to pass through without additional void remaining around the antenna coil, and optionally, if void space is present, the space Vacuum can be sealed with a non-metallic filler such as fiberglass or epoxy.
    [057] In one embodiment, a non-metallic protective material, such as fiberglass or epoxy, is disposed in each notch when the 340C coil is in place, substantially filling the remaining space of the notch to a level flush with the surface external of each neighboring peripheral portion 344. In one embodiment, an insert of magnetic permeable material may be disposed in each notch such that the insert is under coil 340C when coil 340C is placed around tool body section 12 -1. The magnetic permeable material can, for example, be a ferrite material.
    [058] In one embodiment, the two axial notches 346 can be removed from Figure 3C.
    [059] Figure 3D shows a modality of a fourth set of antenna 300D, intended to show the relative positioning of the notches and coil. A section of the cylindrical tool body 12-1 has an outer surface 12-2, and has a longitudinal geometric axis 341. Six notches are disposed on the outer surface 12-2, shown here as rectangular, but can be of any such geometric shape. as a quadrilateral or otherwise elongated shape. Each notch 343, 346 is defined by two sides, a top and a base, which can be optionally rounded. Each notch 343, 346 also has a depth, which can be a portion of the thickness of the tool body section 12-1. The depth can be, for example, uniform, graduated or rounded. The orientation of each notch 342, 346 refers to the direction in which the notch 342, 346 is elongated. In more simplified terms, each notch 343, 346 acts as a magnetic dipole oriented in the same orientation as notch 343, 346.
    [060] As shown, four of the notches 343 are oriented orthogonally to the longitudinal axis 341. Two of the notches 346 are oriented axially to the longitudinal axis 341. A segmented coil 340D is positioned in an antenna path, passing through of alternating notches 343 and 346. The antenna path can be formed by machining a portion of each peripheral portion 344, and (optionally) subsequently welding each peripheral portion 344 into the tool body section 12-1 before or after that. coil(s) 340A is (are) wound, or otherwise.
    [061] As stated, the antenna path can also be formed by machining a portion of each peripheral part 344, and subsequently covering the antenna coil with a covering part, preferably with similar electromagnetic properties to the section material from tool body 12-1 over the coil to each peripheral part 344 after the coil 340D is wound. The addition of the covering part restores the overall radial dimension of the peripheral part. In one embodiment, the antenna path can also be formed by machining a portion of each peripheral portion 344, and subsequently filling each machined portion with a non-metallic protective material, such as fiberglass or epoxy, to restore the dimension. general radial of the peripheral part after the coil 340D is wound. Alternatively, the antenna path can be drilled or punched through each peripheral part. In one embodiment, the antenna path in the peripheral parts 344 is preferably minimized to allow the antenna coil to pass through without additional void remaining around the antenna coil, and optionally, if void space is present, the space Vacuum can be sealed with a non-metallic filler such as fiberglass or epoxy.
    [062] In one embodiment, a non-metallic protective material, such as fiberglass or epoxy, is disposed in each notch when the 340D coil is in place, substantially filling the remaining space of the notch to a level flush with the surface external of each neighboring peripheral portion 344. In one embodiment, an insert of magnetic permeable material may be disposed in each notch such that the insert is under coil 340D when coil 340D is placed around tool body section 12 -1. The permeable material can, for example, be a ferrite material.
    [063] In one embodiment, the two axial notches 346 can be removed from Figure 3D.
    [064] Figure 3E shows a side view of an antenna assembly according to the modality shown in Figure 3B. Outer surface 12-2 of tool body section 12-1 is shown. A plurality of notches oriented in a non-axial direction are disposed around the outer surface 12-2 of the tool body section 12-1, the notches being defined by regions of small radial dimensions and alternating peripheral part elements. The sides of each notch 342 appear as a flat surface in Figure 3E, however, those skilled in the art will notice that, depending on the details of the construction of the notch, any side of the notch may be represented by a curved surface. An antenna path 347 (outlined by two dashed lines in Figure 3E) is formed by machining a portion of each peripheral part 344. An axial antenna coil 340B is positioned in the antenna path 347, passing through the alternating notches and peripheral parts . Figure 3E clearly illustrates that the orientation of the notches, which is in a non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tool body section 12-1, is clearly distinct from a notch orientation arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis. 341 of tool body section 12-1.
    [065] In an embodiment, for example, without axial notches, but with two sets of non-axial notches, a peripheral part segment between the sets of non-axial notches is present, which has a different dimension than the peripheral parts that are between adjacent notches in the same set. This is illustrated by the embodiment of Figure 3E on a single section of tool body 12-1.
    [066] Figure 3F is a sectional view of an individual notch 342 where the coil 340 passes through it, along the orientation of the notch 342. A non-metallic protective material 349, such as fiberglass or epoxy, is disposed in each notch filling the remaining space of the notch to a level substantially flush with the outer surface of the neighboring peripheral portion. Coil 340 appears as a circular shape in Figure 3F, however, those skilled in the art will realize that, depending on the orientation of a particular notch 342 and/or the wire shape of coil 340 itself, coil 340 may also be represented by an elliptical shape. In addition, coil 340 appears with one lead wire winding in Figure 3F, however, those skilled in the art will appreciate that coil 340 may be formed from more than one lead wire winding.
    [067] As shown in the embodiment of Figure 3F, a magnetic permeable material insert 348 can be disposed in each notch such that insert 348 is under coil 340 when coil 340 is placed around the tool body section 12-1. The magnetic permeable material can, for example, be a ferrite material.
    [068] Figure 3G is a sectional view of a peripheral part 344 along the orientation of a neighboring notch 342. The antenna passes through an antenna path 347, which is formed by machining a portion of the peripheral part 344. Figure 3G, the sectional view of the antenna path 347 on the peripheral part 344 appears angled at an angle, however, those skilled in the art will notice that other modalities with an antenna path formed in different orientations and shapes are possible. A non-metallic protective material 349, such as fiberglass or epoxy, is disposed in any remaining space in the antenna path to a level substantially flush with the outer surface of the peripheral portion. Coil 340 appears as a circular shape in Figure 3G, however, those skilled in the art will realize that, depending on the orientation of the section of a particular peripheral part 344 and/or the shape of the wire of coil 340 itself, coil 340 may also be represented by an elliptical shape. In addition, the antenna path 347 shown in the figure is illustrated formed by machining an individual portion of the peripheral portion with the coil 340 with a lead wire winding disposed therein in Figure 3G. However, those skilled in the art will realize that the antenna path can be formed by machining multiple portions of the peripheral portion, with adjacent portions axially spaced from one another, and with one or more lead wire windings disposed in each of the multiple portions. of the antenna path. METHODS
    [069] Turning now to a discussion of methods performed using the physical component described above, Figure 4 shows a flowchart of a method for acquiring data that uses an antenna array in accordance with the present disclosure.
    [070] A method for acquiring data in a borehole formed in a formation includes arranging 460 a tool comprising at least one transmitter and at least one receiver in a borehole. At least one of the transmitter(s) or receiver(s) will be one of the antenna assembly arrangements disclosed herein and described with reference to Figures 3A to 3G, with at least one of the plurality of notches in the body section of the tool is oriented in a non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tool body section. The method may include spacing the transmitter axially with respect to the receiver, as described with reference to Figure 2. The method may include rotating the tool azimuthally in the borehole and, for example, during drilling.
    [071] The method may include 462 selectively transmitting electromagnetic energy from the transmitter. The method may include obtaining 464 a plurality of data pairs associated with the energy transmitted at the receiver (which, upon processing, may generate a directional measurement). The method can optionally include using directional measurement to change (or alternatively confirm) a drilling plan. The method may optionally include the use of directional measurement to determine a direction to a formation boundary, a distance to the formation boundary and/or relative resistivity on opposite sides of the formation boundary.
    [072] Turning now to a method for data processing, a directional downhole tool (as shown in Figure 2) comprises at least two antennas, one of which is a non-directional antenna and the other is a directional antenna , such as those disclosed in the present disclosure. One antenna is used as a transmitter that transmits electromagnetic fields, for example, at 100 kHz, and or 400 kHz and or 2 MHz, and the other antenna is used as a receiver. The function of the induced signal V(Φ) at the receiver can be written according to an equation of the form:

    [073] where Φ is the angle of the tool face. In the real situation, it is a discrete function approximated by a plurality of data pairs, each pair comprising an induced signal at each discrete time, and a corresponding tool face angle measured, for example, by a magnetometer, an accelerometer , or similar device at the same time the induced signal is measured. It is expected that in a short time interval V0, V1c and V1s, which are called 0th and first harmonic coefficients, which are generally linear combinations of various components of the induced magnetic fields, which are tensors, and contain formation information around the borehole remain relatively constant. During this time interval, there can be a plurality of induced signals and tool face angles measured. The present method is aimed at calculating coefficients V0, V1c and V1s from the plurality of data pairs, each pair comprising an induced signal, and a corresponding tool face angle. Coefficients can be calculated based on the following mathematical equations:

    [074] Equations 2a, 2b and 2d indicate that the area defined by the induced signal function in the full range of the tool face can be divided into several subsets (such as, for example, four subsets) according to the face values of the tool, such as, for example: [0, π/2], [π/2, π], [π, 3π/2] and [3π/2, 2π]. The flagged areas of these subsets are referred to here as Area1, Area2, Area3 and Area4. Coefficients V0, V1c and V1s can then be obtained by calculating (such as, for example, by discrete integration) the areas of the subsets as follows:

    [075] Figure 5 shows a 500 plot of an induced signal function approximated by a 549 signal curve connecting discrete signal data points 548. The signal data points are simulated originals with random noise added in the exact function of the induced signal plotted as a 656 curve in Figure 6. Up to four signal data points (at 0, π/2, π, 3π/2 and 2π) can be added, if not already presented in the original simulated data points, by means of interpolations. The area of the signal curve 549 can be divided with peripheral part in the tool face angle into several subsets (in the example, four subsets 550, 551, 552 and 553 representing four subsets of tool face angles). The flagged area, which will simply be referred to as “area” for the sake of brevity, for each subset can be calculated using an integration method, such as the trapezoidal method, to obtain the coefficients according to the aforementioned mathematical equations. With the coefficient values, you can combine the 0th harmonic coefficient and the first harmonic coefficients linearly to generate measurements used, for example, for well placement, or geotargeting, and formation assessment applications. Although four subsets of the induced signal function are shown in Figure 5, it is also contemplated that a smaller amount of subsets or a larger amount of subsets can make a coefficient result suitable for similar purposes.
    [076] Figure 6 shows a 600 graph with original simulated signal data points, recalculated signal data points according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the exact signal which is a sine curve, shown for comparison. The 658 recalculated data points are generated by Eq. (1) using V0, V1c and V1s calculated by Eq. (3). As seen in the graph, the recalculated data points are a more accurate representation of the exact signal than the original simulated data points. This demonstrates that V0, V1c and V1s calculated by Eq. (3) can provide an accurate representation of the exact signal.
    [077] If both the transmitter and receiver are directional antennas such as those disclosed in the present invention above, Eq. (1) will need to be extended to add two second harmonic terms V2c * cos(2Φ) + V2s * sin(2Φ) , with V2c and V2s being called second harmonic coefficients, which are generally linear combinations of various components of the induced magnetic fields and contain formation information around the borehole. The method described here can be generalized to calculate second harmonic coefficients. The area of the induced signal function is divided into 8 subsets according to the angle of the tool face: [0, π/4], [π/4, π/2], [π/2, 3π/4], [3π/4, π], [π, 5π/4], [5π/4, 3π/2], [3π/2, 7/4π], and [7/4π, 2π], and the area of each subset is referred to as Area1_1, Area1_2, Area2_1, Area2_2, Area3_1, Area3_2, Area4_1 and Area4_2. So, in this way, V2c and V2s can be calculated from the 8 subset areas as follows:

    [078] As stated, one can combine the 0th harmonic coefficient, first harmonic coefficients, and second harmonic coefficients linearly to generate measurements, for example, for well placement and formation evaluation applications.
    [079] Figure 7 shows a flowchart of a method 700 for processing data obtained in accordance with the present disclosure to produce measurements. The method for processing data may include arranging 770 a downhole tool in a borehole. In one embodiment, the downhole tool includes at least one transmitter and at least one receiver in a borehole disposed in a formation. At least one of the transmitter(s) and receiver(s) is a directional antenna. In one embodiment, at least one of the transmitter(s) and receiver(s) is an antenna assembly in accordance with the present disclosure. The method continues with rotation 772 of the downhole tool in the borehole through a plurality of tool face values.
    [080] The method may include acquiring 774 in the borehole a plurality of data pairs to approximate a function of the induced signal. In one embodiment, each data pair includes a signal induced at at least one receiver and a corresponding tool face angle among the full range of the tool face. One or more data pairs can be added through interpolation using some of the acquired data pairs so that the tool face angles cover the full range of the tool face. The method may include calculating 776 at least an area of the induced signal function to generate a measurement characterizing the formation.
    [081] The method may include dividing the total tool face range into a plurality of subsets, and calculating, for each subset of the total tool face range, the area of the induced signal function to generate a measurement characterizing the formation.
    [082] In an embodiment, the plurality of subsets is four subsets. In one embodiment, the plurality of subsets is eight subsets. In one embodiment, the plurality of subassemblies cover equal ranges of tool face angles.
    [083] The measurement includes a linear combination of the areas of the plurality of subsets of the induced signal function.
    [084] The measurement includes a magnitude ratio or a phase difference between two different linear combinations of the areas of the plurality of subsets of the induced signal function.
    [085] The measurement includes a 0th harmonic coefficient of the induced signal, one or more first harmonic coefficients of the induced signal, and one or more second harmonic coefficients of the induced signal.
    [086] In one embodiment, the calculation comprises a trapezoidal integration method.
    [087] In one modality, the method may include linearly combining a 0th harmonic coefficient, one or more first harmonic coefficients and, if determined, one or more second harmonic coefficients.
    [088] In one modality, the method may include a magnitude ratio or a phase difference between two different linear combinations of the 0th harmonic coefficient, the first harmonic coefficient and, if determined, the second harmonic coefficient.
    [089] The method may optionally include using measurement characterizing the formation, for example, for geotargeting and formation evaluation.
    [090] In one embodiment, the directional transmitter is selected from any of the antenna array designs described above with respect to Figures 3A to 3G. In one embodiment, the directional receiver is selected from any of the antenna array designs described above with respect to Figures 3A through 3G. In yet another embodiment, both the transmitter and receiver are selected from any of the antenna array designs described above in connection with Figures 3A through 3G. Although some exemplary embodiments have been described in detail herein, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from this disclosure. Accordingly, such modifications are to be included within the scope of this disclosure defined in the following claims. In the claims, half-plus-function clauses must cover the structures described here performing the cited function and not simply structural equivalents, but equivalent structures as well. Thus, although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure pieces of wood together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface, in the environment of fastening wood pieces, a nail and screw can be equivalent structures. It is the express intent of the applicant not to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, para. 6 for any limitation of any of the claims herein, except those in which the claim uses the words 'means to' expression in conjunction with an associated function.
    权利要求:
    Claims (25)
    [0001]
    1. ANTENNA ASSEMBLY, characterized in that it comprises: a section of the tool body (12-1) with a longitudinal geometric axis (341), the section of the tool body (12-1) having an outer surface (12- 2), and an inner surface, and a plurality of notches (342), each having a reduced radial dimension spaced around the tool body section (12-1), wherein each of the plurality of notches ( 342) comprises two sides, a top, a base, and a depth being of reduced radial dimension with respect to the outer surface (12-2), but does not penetrate the inner surface; a first notch of the plurality of notches (342) being oriented in a first direction, and a second notch of the plurality of notches (342) being oriented in a second direction, wherein the first direction is a non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis. of the tool body section (12-1), and the second direction is another non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tool body section (12-1) or an axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body section of the tool (12-1); and a plurality of peripheral portions (344) spaced around the tool body section (12-1), each peripheral portion of the plurality of peripheral portions separating at least two adjacent notches from the plurality of notches (342); an antenna path (347) traversing the plurality of notches (342) and the plurality of peripheral parts (344) around the tool body section (12-1); and a coil (340) disposed in the antenna path (347), wherein the antenna path (347) is angled at an angle with respect to at least one of the plurality of peripheral parts (344), and intercepts a non-axial notch at a non-orthogonal angle; wherein at least one of the plurality of peripheral portions (344) has a dimension different from the dimension of at least one other peripheral portion of the plurality of peripheral portions (344); and wherein the first notch and the second notch act as magnetic dipoles oriented in the same orientation as the first notch and the second notch, respectively.
    [0002]
    ASSEMBLY according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil (340) is an inclined coil, an axial coil or a segmented coil.
    [0003]
    ASSEMBLY according to claim 1, characterized in that, for any particular non-axial groove, at least one of the two sides of that groove is a curved surface.
    [0004]
    4. ASSEMBLY according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an insert of magnetic permeable material disposed in each of the plurality of notches (342) between the coil (340) and the section of the tool body (12-1) .
    [0005]
    5. ASSEMBLY according to claim 4, characterized in that the magnetic permeable material insert comprises an insert of ferrite material.
    [0006]
    6. ASSEMBLY according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna path (347) is formed by machining at least a portion of each peripheral part of the plurality of peripheral parts (344).
    [0007]
    7. WELL DOWN MEASUREMENT TOOL, to obtain data in a borehole, characterized in that it comprises: at least one transmitter (21); at least one receiver (23); wherein at least one of the transmitter (21) and the receiver (23) comprises an antenna assembly comprising: a tool body section (12-1) with a longitudinal axis (341), an outer surface (12- 2), and an inner surface, and a plurality of notches (342) of reduced radial dimension spaced around the tool body section (12-1), each of the plurality of notches (342) comprising two sides, a top, a base, and the depth of radial dimension reduced with respect to the outer surface (12-2), but not penetrating the inner surface; a first notch of the plurality of notches (342) being oriented in a first direction, and a second notch of the plurality of notches (342) being oriented in a second direction, wherein the first direction is a non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis. of the tool body section (12-1), and the second direction is another non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tool body section (12-1) or an axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body section of the tool (12-1); a plurality of peripheral portions (344) spaced around the tool body section (12-1), each peripheral portion of the plurality of peripheral portions separating at least two adjacent notches from the plurality of notches (342); an antenna path (347) traversing the plurality of notches (342) and the plurality of peripheral parts (344) around the tool body section (12-1); a coil (340) disposed in the antenna path (347), the antenna path (347) intersecting a non-axial notch at a non-orthogonal angle; wherein the antenna path traversing any particular peripheral part has coverage; wherein at least one of the plurality of peripheral portions (344) has a dimension different from the dimension of at least one other peripheral portion of the plurality of peripheral portions (344); and wherein the first notch and the second notch act as magnetic dipoles oriented in the same orientation as the first notch and the second notch, respectively.
    [0008]
    8. TOOL, according to claim 7, characterized in that the coil (340) comprises one of an inclined coil, an axial coil and a segmented coil.
    [0009]
    TOOL according to claim 7, characterized in that, for any particular non-axial groove, at least one of the two sides of that groove is a curved surface.
    [0010]
    10. TOOL, according to claim 7, characterized in that the antenna assembly further comprises an insert of magnetic permeable material disposed in each of the plurality of notches (342) between the coil (340) and the section of the tool body (12 -1).
    [0011]
    11. TOOL, according to claim 10, characterized in that the insert of magnetic permeable material comprises an insert of ferrite material.
    [0012]
    12. TOOL according to claim 7, characterized in that the antenna path (347) is formed by machining at least a portion of each peripheral part of the plurality of peripheral parts (344).
    [0013]
    13. TOOL, according to claim 7, characterized in that the transmitter (21) and the receiver (23) are deployed in a single tool module.
    [0014]
    14. TOOL, according to claim 7, characterized in that the transmitter (21) and the receiver (23) are implanted in more than one detachable tool module.
    [0015]
    15. METHOD OF OBTAINING A MEASUREMENT IN A DRILLING HOLE FORMED IN A FORMATION, characterized in that it comprises: arranging a tool (120) comprising a transmitter (21) and a receiver (23) in a drilling hole (11), being that at least one of the transmitter (21) and the receiver (23) comprises an antenna assembly comprising: a tool body section (12-1) with a longitudinal axis (341); and an outer surface (12-2) and an inner surface; and a plurality of notches (342) of reduced radial dimension spaced around the tool body section (12-1), wherein each of the plurality of notches (342) comprises two sides, a top, a base, and the depth of reduced radial dimension in relation to the outer surface (12-2), but does not penetrate the inner surface; a first notch of the plurality of notches (342) being oriented in a first direction, and a second notch of the plurality of notches (342) being oriented in a second direction, wherein the first direction is a non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis. of the tool body section (12-1), and the second direction is another non-axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tool body section (12-1) or an axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the body section of the tool (12-1); a plurality of peripheral portions (344) spaced around the tool body section (12-1), each peripheral portion of the plurality of peripheral portions separating at least two adjacent notches from the plurality of notches (342); an antenna path (347) traversing the plurality of notches (342) and the plurality of peripheral parts (344) around the tool body section (12-1); a coil (340) disposed in the path of the antenna (347); wherein the antenna path (347) is angled at an angle relative to at least one of the plurality of peripheral portions (344), and intersects a non-axial notch at a non-orthogonal angle; wherein at least one of the plurality of peripheral portions (344) has a dimension different from the dimension of at least one other peripheral portion of the plurality of peripheral portions (344); and wherein the first notch and the second notch act as magnetic dipoles oriented in the same orientation as the first notch and the second notch, respectively. the method further comprising: selectively transmitting electromagnetic energy from the transmitter (21); and acquiring a plurality of data pairs associated with the energy transmitted in the receiver (23).
    [0016]
    16. METHOD according to claim 15, characterized in that the coil (340) comprises one of an inclined coil, an axial coil and a segmented coil.
    [0017]
    17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, for any particular non-axial notch, at least one of the two sides of that notch is a curved surface.
    [0018]
    18. The METHOD according to claim 15, characterized in that the antenna assembly further comprises an insert of magnetic permeable material disposed in each of the plurality of notches between the coil (340) and the section of the tool body (12-1) .
    [0019]
    19. METHOD according to claim 18, characterized in that the magnetic permeable material insert comprises an insert of ferrite material.
    [0020]
    20. METHOD according to claim 15, characterized in that the antenna path (347) is formed by machining at least a portion of each peripheral part of the plurality of peripheral parts (344).
    [0021]
    21. The method of claim 15, further comprising using the plurality of data pairs to generate a measurement indicative of at least one of 1) a direction to a formation boundary, 2) a distance to the boundary of formation and 3) one or more formation resistivities.
    [0022]
    22. METHOD according to claim 21, characterized in that it further comprises using the measurement to change or confirm a drilling plan.
    [0023]
    23. METHOD, according to claim 15, characterized in that it further comprises rotating the tool azimuthally in the well drilling (11).
    [0024]
    24. METHOD, according to claim 15, characterized in that it further comprises deploying the transmitter (21) and the receiver (23) in a single tool module.
    [0025]
    25. METHOD, according to claim 15, characterized in that it further comprises deploying the transmitter (21) and the receiver (23) in more than one detachable tool module.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BR112015024984B1|2021-08-31|ANTENNA ASSEMBLY, WELL DOWN MEASUREMENT TOOL, AND METHOD OF OBTAINING A MEASUREMENT IN A DRILLING HOLE FORMED IN A FORMATION
    US10119389B2|2018-11-06|Drilling collision avoidance apparatus, methods, and systems
    CN104350396B|2018-05-11|For obtaining the electromagnetic method of dip azimuth angle
    US20130320985A1|2013-12-05|Apparatus and method for directional resistivity measurement while drilling using an antenna with a joint-coil structure
    BRPI0813559A2|2019-09-10|method for determining one or more parameters of a well bore formation, method for determining an electromagnetic coupling tensor of a well bore formation, and tool arranged in a well bore penetrating a well bore
    US10119394B2|2018-11-06|Multi-frequency dielectric borehole imager
    BR112014021162B1|2021-05-18|method and apparatus for conducting wellbore logging operations
    US10641917B2|2020-05-05|Pipe and borehole imaging tool with multi-component conformable sensors
    BRPI0714248B1|2018-01-16|ELECTROMAGNETIC RESISTIVITY PROFILE TOOL AND METHOD
    US9429675B2|2016-08-30|Anisotropy processing in low angle wells
    BR112016013189A2|2020-08-25|DETERMINATION AND DISPLAY OF APPARENT RESISTIVITY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC DATA FROM WELL-FUND
    WO2014123800A9|2014-10-02|Casing collar location using elecromagnetic wave phase shift measurement
    US20140078288A1|2014-03-20|Far Field In Situ Maximum Horizontal Stress Direction Estimation Using Multi-Axial Induction And Borehole Image Data
    US10481290B2|2019-11-19|Generalized directional measurements and using symmetrized and anti-symmetrized angles to indicate orientation of anisotropy and formation boundaries
    US20160320517A1|2016-11-03|Fracture Detection Method Using Multi-Axial Induction Tool
    BRPI0810180B1|2018-10-02|DETECTION OF WELL HOLE EFFECTS DUE TO DECENTRALIZATION IN INDUCTION INSTRUMENTS WITH INCLINED TRANSDUCERS
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US9389332B2|2016-07-12|
    EP2981850A1|2016-02-10|
    BR112015024984A2|2020-10-27|
    WO2014163707A1|2014-10-09|
    CN105190362B|2020-12-08|
    EA201591848A1|2016-04-29|
    US20140292341A1|2014-10-02|
    US10345477B2|2019-07-09|
    CN105190362A|2015-12-23|
    US20140292340A1|2014-10-02|
    US20160266270A1|2016-09-15|
    EA032815B1|2019-07-31|
    CA2903736A1|2014-10-09|
    EP2981850A4|2017-03-15|
    EP2981850B1|2021-03-17|
    EP3839579A1|2021-06-23|
    BR112015024984A8|2021-01-19|
    CA3113026A1|2014-10-09|
    CA2903736C|2021-05-18|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4536714A|1982-04-16|1985-08-20|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Shields for antennas of borehole logging devices|
    US4949045A|1987-10-30|1990-08-14|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Well logging apparatus having a cylindrical housing with antennas formed in recesses and covered with a waterproof rubber layer|
    US5138263A|1991-01-16|1992-08-11|Teleco Oilfield Services Inc.|Electromagnetic formation evaluation tool|
    JP2534193B2|1993-05-31|1996-09-11|石油資源開発株式会社|Directional induction logging method and apparatus|
    US5530358A|1994-01-25|1996-06-25|Baker Hughes, Incorporated|Method and apparatus for measurement-while-drilling utilizing improved antennas|
    US6163155A|1999-01-28|2000-12-19|Dresser Industries, Inc.|Electromagnetic wave resistivity tool having a tilted antenna for determining the horizontal and vertical resistivities and relative dip angle in anisotropic earth formations|
    US6476609B1|1999-01-28|2002-11-05|Dresser Industries, Inc.|Electromagnetic wave resistivity tool having a tilted antenna for geosteering within a desired payzone|
    US6566881B2|1999-12-01|2003-05-20|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Shielding method and apparatus using transverse slots|
    US6351127B1|1999-12-01|2002-02-26|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Shielding method and apparatus for selective attenuation of an electromagnetic energy field component|
    US6297639B1|1999-12-01|2001-10-02|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Method and apparatus for directional well logging with a shield having sloped slots|
    US6788065B1|2000-10-12|2004-09-07|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Slotted tubulars for subsurface monitoring in directed orientations|
    US6769497B2|2001-06-14|2004-08-03|Baker Hughes Incorporated|Use of axial accelerometer for estimation of instantaneous ROP downhole for LWD and wireline applications|
    US6577129B1|2002-01-19|2003-06-10|Precision Drilling Technology Services Group Inc.|Well logging system for determining directional resistivity using multiple transmitter-receiver groups focused with magnetic reluctance material|
    US6903553B2|2002-09-06|2005-06-07|Baker Hughes Incorporated|Method and apparatus for a quadrupole transmitter for directionally sensitive induction tool|
    US7436183B2|2002-09-30|2008-10-14|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Replaceable antennas for wellbore apparatus|
    US7382135B2|2003-05-22|2008-06-03|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Directional electromagnetic wave resistivity apparatus and method|
    AU2003256141A1|2003-08-22|2005-03-10|Instituto Mexicano Del Petroleo|Method of viewing multiphase flows using electrical capacitance tomography|
    US7525315B2|2004-04-01|2009-04-28|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Resistivity logging tool and method for building the resistivity logging tool|
    WO2008008386A2|2006-07-11|2008-01-17|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Modular geosteering tool assembly|
    US7663372B2|2006-09-25|2010-02-16|Baker Hughes Incorporated|Resistivity tools with collocated antennas|
    US7656160B2|2006-12-14|2010-02-02|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Determining properties of earth formations using the electromagnetic coupling tensor|
    EP2066866B1|2006-12-15|2018-09-12|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Antenna coupling component measurement tool having rotating antenna configuration|
    US9638830B2|2007-12-14|2017-05-02|Westerngeco L.L.C.|Optimizing drilling operations using petrotechnical data|
    US7839149B2|2008-01-11|2010-11-23|Baker Hughes Incorporated|Multi-component resistivity logging tool with multiple antennas using common antenna grooves|
    US8278931B2|2008-07-14|2012-10-02|Baker Hughes Incorporated|Anisotropy orientation image from resistivity measurements for geosteering and formation evaluation|
    US8786287B2|2009-03-04|2014-07-22|Baker Hughes Incorporated|Collocated tri-axial induction sensors with segmented horizontal coils|
    US8207738B2|2009-03-24|2012-06-26|Smith International Inc.|Non-planar antennae for directional resistivity logging|
    US8368403B2|2009-05-04|2013-02-05|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Logging tool having shielded triaxial antennas|
    US8195400B2|2009-05-08|2012-06-05|Smith International, Inc.|Directional resistivity imaging using harmonic representations|
    US8604796B2|2009-10-08|2013-12-10|Precision Energy Services, Inc.|Steerable magnetic dipole antenna for measurement-while-drilling applications|
    US8749243B2|2010-06-22|2014-06-10|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Real time determination of casing location and distance with tilted antenna measurement|
    US20110316542A1|2010-06-29|2011-12-29|Frey Mark T|Slotted shield for logging-while-drilling tool|
    US9360582B2|2010-07-02|2016-06-07|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Correcting for magnetic interference in azimuthal tool measurements|
    BR112014030172A2|2012-06-25|2017-06-27|Halliburton Energy Services Inc|resistivity profiling method and system ".|US9581721B2|2014-03-29|2017-02-28|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Method for making downhole electromagnetic logging while drilling measurements|
    US9423525B2|2014-03-29|2016-08-23|Schlumberger Technology Corporation|Gain compensated directional propagation measurements|
    EP3126626A4|2014-03-30|2017-11-15|Services Petroliers Schlumberger|Gain compensated measurements using tilted antennas|
    AU2014411434B2|2014-11-13|2017-12-07|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Resistivity logging tools with tilted ferrite elements for azimuthal sensitivity|
    CA2970449C|2015-01-16|2019-08-13|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Collar-mountable bobbin antenna having coil and ferrite slots|
    AU2015400156A1|2015-06-26|2017-11-02|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Antennas for wellbore logging tools and methods of manufacture|
    US10768333B2|2015-08-21|2020-09-08|Oliden Technology, Llc|Determining a full electromagnetic coupling tensor using multiple antennas|
    RU2756409C2|2016-08-15|2021-09-30|Олиден Текнолоджи, Ллс|Determination of total tensor of electromagnetic coupling using set of antennas|
    US10024996B2|2015-10-12|2018-07-17|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Collocated coil antennas incorporating a symmetric soft magnetic band|
    US10048399B2|2015-10-20|2018-08-14|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Soft magnetic bands for tilted coil antennas|
    CA2999195A1|2015-10-20|2017-04-27|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Logging tool ferrites and methods of manufacture|
    EP3325766B1|2015-10-28|2021-03-31|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Inductive cavity sensors for resistivity tools|
    EP3414560A4|2016-04-21|2019-10-30|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Minimizing azimuthal current induced on tubulars by transmitters|
    CN107871922B|2016-09-27|2020-06-02|中国石油化工股份有限公司|Directional transmitting antenna and measurement device for formation resistivity while drilling|
    US11053793B2|2016-12-22|2021-07-06|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Single layer antenna path profile|
    EP3535478A4|2017-01-10|2020-07-01|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Stacked soft magnetic inserts and slotted shield designs for tilted coil antennas|
    BR112019012412A2|2017-01-10|2020-02-27|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|ANTENNA SET AND METHOD|
    US10690799B2|2017-12-22|2020-06-23|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Antenna shield design for optimized EM wave propagation in resistivity logging tools|
    US11149538B2|2018-03-01|2021-10-19|Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc|Systems and methods for determining bending of a drilling tool, the drilling tool having electrical conduit|
    US11125902B2|2018-09-14|2021-09-21|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Antenna shields for co-located antennas|
    法律状态:
    2020-12-22| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-08-03| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-08-31| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 30/12/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201361807236P| true| 2013-04-01|2013-04-01|
    US61/807,236|2013-04-01|
    US14/061,566|2013-10-23|
    US14/061,572|2013-10-23|
    US14/061,572|US9389332B2|2013-04-01|2013-10-23|Method and tool for directional electromagnetic well logging|
    US14/061,566|US20140292340A1|2013-04-01|2013-10-23|Antenna, Tool, and Methods for Directional Electromagnetic Well Logging|
    PCT/US2013/078327|WO2014163707A1|2013-04-01|2013-12-30|Methods and tools for directional electromagnetic well logging|
    [返回顶部]