• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    METHOD FOR SEPARATING A DEFINED MINERAL PHASE OF VALUE FROM A CRUSHED ORE. The invention relates to a method for separating a defined value mineral phase (2) from a crushed ore (4) which has several chemical phases and which is present in a heterogeneous particle size distribution, which comprises the following steps: - classify (6) the ore according to a particle diameter defined in at least two fractions, in which a first fraction (8) has particles essentially larger than the defined particle diameter, and a second fraction (10) which comprises particles essentially smaller than the defined particle diameter, and in which the defined mineral particles of value (2) are present in both fractions (8, 10), - flotate (11) the first fraction that has the largest particle diameters , and select the defined mineral particles of value (2) in a flotation concentrate (12), - selectively mix the defined mineral particles of value (2) in the fraction (10), which has the smallest particle diameters, with magnetizable particles (14), - apply a magnetic separation process to the second fraction (10), which has smaller particle diameters, and separate a concentrate (16) with an enrichment of the defined mineral phase of value (2).
    公开号:BR112015020790B1
    申请号:R112015020790-1
    申请日:2014-12-15
    公开日:2021-01-05
    发明作者:Sonja Wolfrum；Hermann Wotruba；Werner Hartmann；Theresa Stark
    申请人:Siemens Aktiengesellschaft；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The separation of defined phases of a useful mineral, which, in particular, are present in the ore with a very fine distribution, from a crushed ore always represents a technical problem. This finely distributed presence of useful phases in an ore appears particularly in the case of rare earth phases, but also for other conventional metallic phases, such as copper minerals. Because this separation problem arises more frequently in the case of rare earth elements or rare earth compounds in mineral rock, the extraction of rare earths will be particularly discussed below. However, the method described below can be applied basically to multiple extraction processes for other metals.
    [0002] Rare earths occur naturally in various minerals, always in an oxidized form, for example, as carbonates or phosphates. Although there are multiple minerals, 95% of the world's rare earth resources consist of three minerals, bastnasite, monazite and xenotime. It is a characteristic of rare earth minerals that they contain the entire spectrum of rare earth elements. Due to this association and the great similarity of rare earth elements in their chemical behavior, the requirements that must be met by the process in order to separate the individual substances are very strict. In the case of rare earth minerals, a characteristic feature that is always technically challenging is the fact that, in the ore, they are generally very thinly interwoven, and as a result, the beneficiation process must additionally meet very strict requirements . Thus, the ore needs, on the one hand, to be properly crushed in order to achieve a sufficient level of exposure of useful materials. On the other hand, very fine grain sizes often make it difficult to extract useful materials during the production of a concentrate (flotation). In addition, there is the fact that a large area is required for the quantities of waste material that originate (the waste material flow, or gangue, referred to below as tailings). An additional property of rare earths is that they are often interspersed with such radioactive contaminating materials as thorium and uranium. These are also released during processing, so that there are also environmental risks. Due to the mentioned ecological and economic problems, many rare earth mineral deposits are not explored today.
    [0003] In the processing of bastnasite, a typical ore that contains rare earth minerals, after the ore has been crushed, the broken pieces are crushed to a size suitable for flotation of less than 150 micrometers. This process involves substantial energy costs. In general, the target grain size for crushing is determined according to the exposed grain size of the rare earth mineral. This depends heavily on the type of ore and the deposit of interest. The term exposed grain size should be understood here as the grain size in which the individual mineral phases are present as individual grains. Basically, a 100% exposure should be the goal, in reality it could be that 50% to 70% exposures are realistic, depending on the deposit. If crushing produces pieces smaller than the exposed grain size, that is, the grain size in which the individual mineral phases are present as separate pieces, excessive crushing of the particles occurs and results in the formation of a high proportion of fine particles. They can often not be extracted by subsequent flotation, which is used to separate useful and worthless material (denim, tailings) or may even have a detrimental effect on the process. On the other hand, if the exposed grain size is exceeded, the mineral will not be present in a completely free state, so that the interaction between the mineral's surface and the chemical agents is reduced or prevented. As a result, the useful material, which must be extracted, cannot adequately adhere to the rising gas bubbles during flotation and, thus, becomes enriched in the foam zone of the upper surface of the liquid.
    [0004] In addition to the extraction efficiency, the yield (recovery) of the flotation has a decisive influence on the efficiency of the general process for the extraction of rare earths. The higher the yield of rare earths, and therefore the enrichment of rare earths in the concentrate, the lower the loss of material useful in the process. Presently, it is possible to reach yield levels for rare earths of 65% to 70%. However, as a result, 30% to 35% of the rare earth materials that are contained in the initial ore do not flow through the flotation and are lost in the tailings. One reason for this is the unsatisfactory buoyancy of the fine particles of the material, in particular, particles with a grain size of less than 20 micrometers are affected by this. The main reason for this is the low collision efficiency between the small particles and the gas bubbles. In addition, small particle sizes require a large bubble surface area to adhere to particles of useful material, which, with conventional flotation, can only be achieved with a high proportion of very small gas bubbles. However, they are not, in turn, suitable for transporting the larger particles of useful material to the foam layer and, furthermore, in a conventional flotation process (agitated or mechanical cells; columnar cell), they can only be produced at a substantial energy cost.
    [0005] In order to provide a remedial measure for this, two approaches are applied in principle. One is to increase the size of the particles of useful material or to reduce the size of the gas bubbles. In order to increase particle sizes, selective flocculation, coagulation and hydrophobic aggregation of the particles are used. These methods require additives, such as polymers or electrolytes, and are already used industrially. Compared to electrolytes, the advantage of added polymers is their high selectivity, they adhere only to particles of useful material, and they do not do so with the worthless material. However, there are often inclusions of gangue (tailings) in the interstices in the aggregates that are formed. Reducing the size of gas bubbles is the approach used, for example, in flotation of dissolved gas, electroflotation and turbulent microflotation. Because the gas bubbles are small, low speeds of upward movement are achieved, so that small particles can remain fixed during upward movement. However, this results in long residence times for the material useful in the flotation cell. In addition, low upward movement speeds can have a negative effect on selectivity.
    [0006] The aim of the invention is to improve the yield of mineral phases, for useful materials that are present in finely distributed form in a crushed ore, compared to that of the prior art flotation methods.
    [0007] The way to achieve this goal is through a method to separate a defined mineral phase from a useful material from a crushed ore.
    [0008] The inventive method serves to separate a defined mineral phase from a useful material, essentially a phase of a rare earth mineral, but also to separate other metallic ores, such as copper, from a crushed ore. Here, the crushed ore has several chemical phases and the grain sizes are heterogeneous. In this case, the method includes the following steps:
    [0009] First, the ore is classified, where the particle diameter is defined and at least two fractions are produced, where a fraction has particles with diameters that are essentially larger than the defined particle diameter, and the second fraction has particles that are essentially smaller than the defined particle diameter. The term "essentially" was added here, as it is not possible to commercially produce an arbitrary separation into two fractions with an exact discrete particle diameter. It cannot be excluded that the fraction with the larger diameter particles also contains particles that are nominally smaller than the defined particle diameter, and vice versa.
    [00010] The fraction with the larger diameter particles is fed in a conventional flotation process, and the mineral particles of useful material are selectively enriched in a flotation concentrate. In addition, mineral particles of material useful in the second fraction that have a smaller particle diameter are selectively associated with magnetizable particles (hereinafter referred to by the generic term "magnetite", although other suitable magnetic materials that are, suitably, chemically inert materials such as Fe3O4 magnetite can also be used) and are then subjected to a magnetic separation process. Here too, the result is a concentrate with an enrichment of the defined mineral phase of the useful material, which is present, however, with a smaller particle diameter.
    [00011] In comparison with the prior art, in which all the crushed ore particles are concentrated using a conventional flotation process, the essential point of the present invention lies in the selective differentiation in at least two particle fractions and in the concentration of the smallest particle fraction using a magnetic separation process. In comparison with the conventional flotation process, in which the size of the gas bubbles limits the ore particles that can be selected, it is possible, on the one hand, to use magnetite particles with a small diameter in the magnetic separation, through which the specific surface area is increased and therefore more surface area becomes available to adhere to the useful material. On the other hand, greater separation power can be used to separate the magnetite particles fixed in the magnetic field than with small gas bubbles in a flotation process. An additional advantage of magnetic separation is the selective controllability of the magnetite grain size distribution. Therefore, compared to the production of gas bubbles, it is simpler to adapt the size distribution of the magnetite to the useful material, which must be separated, so that the yield can be substantially increased.
    [00012] An additional advantage of the combination of flotation and magnetic separation in the processing of rare earths is that two different waste streams are obtained. Magnetic separation tailing streams, which contain very fine particles, also generally contain most substances that are harmful to the environment, such as, for example, thorium or heavy metals, as these substances that are harmful to the environment are also separated during classification. If so, the result of having the two separate waste streams that are obtained is a significantly smaller volume requirement for the storage of critical substances.
    [00013] In conventional processes, both fine and coarse ore particles are fed to flotation, as a result of which it is possible to achieve yields of 65% to 70%. Through the inventive combination of flotation and magnetic separation, it is possible to significantly increase the total yield of rare earths, depending on the ore and deposit (depending on the ore by 5% to 15%), and therefore have a positive effect on efficiency of beneficiation processes. As a consequence, it may then become economically advantageous to explore several rare earth deposits that had not been considered until now.
    [00014] In one embodiment of the invention, a waste stream that originates with flotation is fed, at least partially, to the magnetic separation process. It was concluded that the magnetic separation process is also completely compatible with a broader grain size distribution spectrum, so that particles of the useful material or phases or the useful material, which could not be successfully separated with flotation, can be subjected to separation again by an additional alternative process step.
    [00015] It has been concluded that it is advantageous that the defined particle diameter, which is adjusted during classification, is less than 70 micrometers. In particular, it is less than 50 micrometers. Here, in particular, a hydrocyclone is used for classification. Other grading processes, such as sieving, spiral conveyors, etc., are also possible.
    [00016] The inventive process will preferably be applied to mineral particles of useful materials from the rare earth series. The term rare earths should be understood as compounds of the elements of rare earths, in particular, their oxides, but also carbonates and phosphates. The term rare earth elements means, in particular, the so-called lanthanides, which include lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, ytterbium and lutetium, but yttrium and scandium are also included here, in this case, due to their chemical similarities. Rare earths are, in turn, composed of rare earth elements, in particular their oxides and phosphates.
    [00017] Additional advantageous forms of modality and additional features of the invention will be explained in more detail, with reference to the following figure and listing of the following examples. These are only exemplary modalities, which do not represent any restriction in the scope of protection.
    [00018] Here, Figure 1 shows a process for the separation of a mineral particle from useful material, which is a crushed ore, which makes use of a combination of flotation and magnetic separation.
    [00019] Referring to the single Figure, one embodiment of the method for separating a phase of a useful material 2 from a crushed ore 4 is described below, by way of example. Ore 4 is crushed according to a conventional process, in which a heterogeneous distribution of grain sizes for the individual particles is inevitably originated. The classification of crushing, and with it, the extent or level of exposure, depends on the deposit, or on the phase sizes present in it, of the phase of useful material 2 that must be separated. However, even for these phase sizes of the useful material phase 2, there is also a phase size distribution curve so that it is appropriate to classify crushed ore 4 in two fractions. This occurs in a 6 classification plant, in which, on the one hand, a first fraction 8 is produced, which has a grain size distribution that is essentially greater than 50 micrometers. In addition, in the classification system 6, which preferably takes the form of a hydrocyclone, a second fraction 10 is separated, which has particle sizes that are essentially below 50 micrometers. It is fundamentally possible to still produce additional fractions that have different grain size distributions, if it is possible, thus, to technically optimize the selection process.
    [00020] The first fraction 8, with the larger diameter particles, is passed to the flotation plant 11 which represents a conventional flotation plant. Flotation produces a flotation concentrate 12 which contains an enrichment of the useful material phase 2. Depending on the flotation method, and depending on the nature and constitution of the crushed ore, the level of yield of the useful material phase 2 in the flotation concentrate will vary. For this reason, it may be appropriate to apply the flotation process 11 more than once.
    [00021] Parallel to this, the second fraction 10 of the crushed ore 4 is passed on to a magnetic separation process. For this purpose, a chemical conditioning 20 of the particles in fraction 10 is carried out first, in which that conditioning 20 is known per se and, therefore, will not be further discussed here. It will only be said that particles of useful material are joined with organic substances that have a selective effect, which attach themselves to the surface of particles of useful material and, therefore, influence the characteristics of their surfaces. Also during conditioning, magnetite with surface treatment (Fe3O4) or some other magnetic phase is introduced, which is collected by the particles with selective surface treatment of useful material 2. In a downstream magnetic separation reactor 15, the agglomerates of particles, which consist of particles of magnetite 14 and particles of useful material 2, are separated. In the course of this, a waste stream 19 is generated, which can be fed back to the magnetic separation process. This will depend on how high the yield is, of particles of useful material, after the first separation process in the separation reactor 15. After the magnetite particles have been separated from the second fraction 10 in a separation apparatus, the magnetite particles 14 , which are attached to the particles of useful material 2, are separated again from the particles of useful material 2, so that it results, on one side, in a magnetic separation concentrate 16 with particles of useful material 2, and, on the other side, the magnetite particles 14 are recovered and fed back to the conditioning process 20.
    [00022] It has been concluded that, for several ores, if the tailing stream 18, which originates from flotation 11, still contains a high enough proportion of particles of useful material 2, it is also suitable to feed, in addition, the same to the process magnetic separation. On the other hand, this implies, of course, that in this case the yield of flotation 11 was not yet at a satisfactory level. It was concluded that, in relation to a wider grain size distribution, the magnetic separation 15 is less variable than flotation 11. Basically, therefore, the tailing flow 18 can also be discarded in the form of 18 'and stored permanently at an appropriate disposal site, or at that time, it is also possible to separate the particles from other useful alternative materials.
    [00023] It has further been established that environmentally critical substances in crushed ore 4, in particular radioactive particles, such as uranium oxide or thorium dioxide, are also present with a very fine distribution in crushed ore 4, so that a large portion of these substances harmful to the environment accumulate in the second fraction 10. These are then left in the waste stream 19 and can be permanently stored separately from the waste stream 18. This is particularly advantageous due to the fact that the waste stream 19, which results from magnetic separation, has, in comparison with the tailing stream 18 or the tailing stream 18 'that results from the flotation process, a comparatively smaller volume. If the enrichment of substances harmful to the environment in this waste stream 19 is greater, this comparatively smaller waste stream can be stored separately in a disposal site selected for this purpose, so that the products harmful to the environment, which originate with the extraction of rare earth elements, they can be adequately stored in a smaller fraction, which significantly reduces the environmental impact.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [0001]
    1. Method for separating a defined mineral phase of a substance of value (2) from a crushed ore (4), which has several chemical phases and in which the grain sizes are heterogeneous, characterized by the fact that it includes the following steps, - classification (6) of the ore according to a particle diameter defined in at least two fractions, a first fraction (8) having particles that are essentially larger than the defined particle diameter, and a second fraction (10) contains particles that are essentially smaller than the defined particle diameter, and the defined mineral particles of the substance of value (2) are contained in both fractions (8, 10), - flotation (11) of the first fraction with the particles larger diameter and selection of the defined mineral particles of the substance of value (2) in a flotation concentrate (12), - selective mixing, in the fraction (10) that has the smaller diameter particles, of the defined mineral particles of the su substance of value (2), with magnetizable particles (14), - application of a magnetic separation process to the second fraction (10), with the particles of smaller diameter and separation of a concentrate (16) with enrichment of the defined mineral phase of the valuable substance (2).
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that a waste stream (18) that originates from flotation (11), is, at least in part, fed to the magnetic separation process (15).
    [0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the particle diameter defined for classification (6) is less than 70 μm, in particular, less than 50 μm.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the classification (6) is carried out with the aid of a hydrocyclone.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mineral particles of the substance of value (2) are derived from the layers of rare earths, in particular, salts of lanthanides.
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    法律状态:
    2018-11-06| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-24| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-29| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-05| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 15/12/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102013226845|2013-12-20|
    DE102013226845.9|2013-12-20|
    DE102014200415.2A|DE102014200415A1|2013-12-20|2014-01-13|Process for the separation of a defined mineral substance phase from a ground ore|
    DE102014200415.2|2014-01-13|
    PCT/EP2014/077692|WO2015091324A1|2013-12-20|2014-12-15|Method for separating a defined mineral phase of value from a ground ore|
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