mixture to treat seeds, agrochemical composition and methods for the control of phytopathogenic fung

专利摘要:
ABSTRACT ?MIXTURE, AGROCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, METHODS FOR THE CONTROL OF FUNGI AND FOR THE PROTECTION OF VEGETABLE PROPAGATION MATERIAL AND VEGETABLE PROPAGATION MATERIAL? The present invention relates to synergistic mixtures, comprising the strain Bacillus subtilis FB17, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of Bacillus subtilis FB17 that has all its identifying characteristics or extract of the mutant and at least one pesticide as defined in the description, and to compositions comprising these mixtures.
公开号:BR112015019289B1
申请号:R112015019289-0
申请日:2014-03-14
公开日:2021-05-18
发明作者:Thorsten Jabs；Kurt Seevers；Eda REINOT
申请人:Basf Corporation；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[001] The present invention relates to mixtures comprising as active components the strain Bacillus subtilis FB17, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of Bacillus subtilis FB17 that has all of the its identifying characteristics or extract of the mutant and a pesticide. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[002] Several strains associated with the plant of the Bacillus genus described as belonging to the Bacillus subtilis species are used commercially as biopesticides or to promote the growth and improve the health of crop plants (Phytopathology 96, 145-154, 2006).
[003] The strain Bacillus subtilis FB17 was originally isolated from red beet roots in North America (System Appl. Microbiol 27, 372-379, 2004, incorporated herein by reference). The strain was isolated from beet root based on its ability to form surface biofilm and dendritic growth. This strain is known to be recruited by Arabidopsis roots through the excretion of malic acid (Plant Physiol. 148, 1.547-1.556, 2008. This strain of Bacillus subtilis promotes plant health (US patent 2010/0.260.735 A1, incorporated in the present as a reference), induces the growth response and protection against pathogenic organisms and aridity through colonization and biofilm formation on the surface of the Arabidopsis thaliana root (Planta 226, 283-297, 2007). increased biomass in a vegetable, to increase the aridity tolerance of a vegetable, to induce a reduction in the concentration of lignin in a vegetable, to increase the concentration of iron in a vegetable or to inhibit fungal infection in a vegetable (publication WO 2011 /109395 A2, incorporated herein by reference.) B. subtilis FB17 has also been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, VA, USA, under accession number PTA-11857 on April 26, 2011. In the publications mentioned above, the Bacillus subtilis FB17 strain may also be referred to as UD1022 or UD10-22.
[004] Practical agricultural experience has shown that the repeated and exclusive application of an individual active compound in the control of fungi or insects or other harmful pests, in many cases, leads to a rapid selection of those fungal strains or isolated pests that have developed natural resistance or adapted against the active compound in question. Effective control of these fungi, insects or other pests with the active component in question is therefore no longer possible.
[005] To reduce the risk of selecting resistant fungal strains or isolated insects, mixtures of different active components are currently conventionally used to combat harmful fungi or insects or other pests. Through the combination of active compounds and/or biopesticides that have different mechanisms of action, it is possible to ensure successful control over a relatively long period of time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[006] It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages and provide, in order to effectively manage the resistance and effective control of harmful phytopathogenic fungi, insects and other pests or for the regulation of the effective growth of plants , with application rates that are as low as possible, compositions that, in a reduced total amount of active compounds applied, improve the activity against harmful fungi, insects or other pests or improve the activity of regulating plant growth (mixtures synergistic) and a broad spectrum of activity, especially for certain indications.
[007] A typical problem that arises in the field of pest control is the need to reduce dosage rates of the active ingredient in order to reduce or avoid adverse environmental or toxicological effects, while still allowing for effective pest control. In connection with the present invention, the term "pests" encompasses animal pests and harmful fungi.
[008] Another problem encountered refers to the need to have available pest control agents that are effective against a broad spectrum of pests, for example, animal pests and harmful fungi.
[009] There is also a need for pest control agents that combine reducing activities with those of prolonged control, that is, fast action with long-lasting action.
[010] Another difficulty in relation to the use of pesticides is that the repeated and exclusive application of an individual pesticide compound, in many cases, causes a quick selection of pests, which means animal pests and harmful fungi, which have developed a natural resistance or adapted against the active compound in question. Therefore, there is a need for pest control agents that help to prevent or overcome resistance.
[011] Another problem underlying the present invention is the desire for compositions that enhance vegetables, a process that is usually and at present referred to as "vegetable health".
[012] This is especially noticeable if the application rates for the pesticide mixtures mentioned above are used on the individual components that show no activity or virtually no activity. The present invention may also result in advantageous behavior during formulation or during use, for example, during milling, sieving, emulsifying, dissolving or dispensing; improved storage stability and light stability; advantageous residue formation, improved toxicological or ecotoxicological behavior; improved plant properties, eg better growth, increased crop yield, a more developed root system, larger leaf area, greener leaves, stronger shoots, fewer seeds needed, less phytotoxicity, mobilization of the plant defense system , good compatibility with vegetables. Furthermore, even an intensified systemic action of B. subtilis FB17 and biopesticides as defined herein and/or a persistent fungicidal, insecticidal, acaricidal and/or nematicidal action is expected. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[013] Therefore, it was also an object of the present invention to provide pesticide mixtures that solve the problems of dose rate reduction and/or increasing the spectrum of activity and/or combining reducing activity with prolonged control and/or the management of resistance and/or promotion (increasing) of plant health.
[014] Consequently, it was also found that this object is achieved by the mixtures and compositions defined herein, which comprise the strain Bacillus subtilis FB17, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of Bacillus subtilis FB17 which has all the identifying characteristics of the respective Bacillus subtilis FB17 or the mutant extract and a biopesticide.
[015] Therefore, the present invention relates to mixtures that comprise, as active components (1) the strain Bacillus subtilis FB17, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of Bacillus subtilis FB17 which has all its identifying characteristics, or mutant extract; - and (2) at least one pesticide II selected from the groups (A') to (N'): (A') BREATH INHIBITORS - Inhibitors of complex III at the Qo site (for example, the strobilurins): azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, phenaminstrobin, phenoxystrobin / fluphenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyramethostrobin, pyraoxymethyl-acid (2-deflaoxystrobin, 2-deoxystrobin, 2-acid 5-dimethyl-phenoxymethyl)-phenyl]-3-methoxy-acrylic and 2-(2-(3-(2,6-di-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allyliden-aminooxy-methyl)-phenyl)-2- methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide, pyribencarb, trichloroiricarb / chlordincarb, famoxadone, fenamidone; - Inhibitors of complex III at the Qi site: cyazofamid, amisulbrome; 2-methylpropanoate [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-acetoxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1 ,5-dioxonan-7-yl], 2-methylpropanoate [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[[3-(acetoxymethoxy)-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl]amino] -6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl], 2-methylpropanoate [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-isobutoxycarbonyloxy-4- methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl], 2-methylpropanoate [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl- 3-[[3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethoxy)-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl ]-2-methylpropanoate, 2-methylpropanoate (3S,6S,7R,8R)-3-[[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-pyridinyl)carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo -8-(phenylmethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl; - Inhibitors of complex II (eg carboxamides): benodanil, benozovinidiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapiroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, teclofen, penthiopyrad, seda N-(4'-Trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)-phenyl) -1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 1,3-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl) yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoro-methyl)-1 ,5-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole -4-carboxamide; - other respiration inhibitors (eg complex I, uncouplers): diflumethorim, (5,8-difluoro-quinazolin-4-yl)-{2-[2-fluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yloxy) )-phenyl]-ethyl}-amine; nitrophenyl derivatives: binapacril, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam; ferimzone, organometallic compounds: fentin salts such as fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide; amethoctradin, and silthiofame; (B') STEROL BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS (SBI FUNGICIDES) - C14 demethylase inhibitors (DMI fungicides) the triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, flufenbuazole, epoxiconazole , flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazol, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, - 1-[ -(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-oxiranylmethyl]-5-thiocyanate-1H-[1,2,4]triazole, 2-[rel-(2S,3R)-3-(2 -chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-oxiranyl-methyl]-2H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-thiol imidazoles: imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole; the pyrimidines, pyridines and piperazines: fenarimol, nuarimol, pyrifenox, triforine; - Delta14 reductase inhibitors: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin, spiroxamine; - Inhibitors of 3-keto reductase: fenexamide; (C‘) NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS - the phenylamide or acyl amino acid fungicides: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, chiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl; - others: hyhexazol, octilinone, oxolinic acid, bupyrimate, 5-fluorocytosine, 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxyl)pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine; (D‘) CELL DIVISION AND CYTOSKELETON INHIBITORS - Tubulin inhibitors, such as benzimidazoles, thiophanates: benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl; triazolopyrimidines: 5-chloro-7-(4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazol[1,5-a]pyrimidine; - other cell division inhibitors: dietofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycurone, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriophenone; (E’) AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS - methionine synthesis inhibitors (anilino-pyrimidines): cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil; - Protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, polyoxin, validamycin A; (F’) SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION INHIBITORS - MAP kinase / histidine inhibitors: fluoroimide, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozoline, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil; - G protein inhibitors: quinoxyfen; (G‘) LIPIDS AND MEMBRANE SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS - Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: edifenphos, iprobenphos, pyrazofó, isoprothiolan; - Lipid peroxidation: dichloran, quintazene, tecnazene, tolclophos-methyl, biphenyl, chlorneb, etridiazole; - Phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: dimethomorph, flumorph, mandiproamide, pirimorph, bentiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, valifenalate and acid (4-fluorophenyl) ester of N-(1-(1-(4-cyano-phenyl)- ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl)-carbamic; - Compounds that affect cell membrane and fatty acid permeability: propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride - fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors: oxatiapiproline; (H’) INHIBITORS WITH MULTILOCALIZED ACTION - Inorganic active substances: the mixture Bordeaux, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; - Thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, propineb, tiram, zineb, ziram; - Organochlorine compounds (eg phthalimides, sulfamides, chloronitriles): anilazine, chlorothalonil, captafol, captan, folpet, dichlofluanid, dichlorophene, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenol and its salts, phthalide, tolylfluanid, N-(4-chloro-2- nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide; - Guanidines and others: guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate, iminoctadine tris(albesylate), dithianone, 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4 ]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone; (l’) INHIBITORS OF CELL WALL BIOSYNTHESIS - Inhibitors of glucan synthesis: validamycin, polyoxin B; melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamide, dicyclomet, fenoxanil; (J’) VEGETABLE DEFENSE INDUCTORS - acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, isothianil, tiadinil, prohexadione-calcium, phosphates: fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, phosphoric acid and its salts; (K') UNKNOWN MODE OF ACTION - bronopol, quinometinate, cyflufenamide, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat methylsulfate, diphenylamine, phenpyrazamine, flumethover, flusulfamide, fluthianil, nitroprothiasulfocarline -[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4, 5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1 -yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-fluoro-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3- yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, 2[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{ 5-[2-chloro-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2yl)piperidin- 1-yl]ethanone, oxin-copper, proquinazid, tebufloquin, teclophthalam, triazoxide, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one, N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoro-methoxy-2, 3-difluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenyl-acetamide, Formamidine N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trif) fluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl, formamidine N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)- N-ethyl-N-methyl, Formamidine N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethyl-silanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl, Formamidine N'- (5 -difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl, 2-methoxy-acetic acid ester 6-tert-butyl-8-fluoro-2,3- dimethyl-quinolin-4-yl, 3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine, 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3 -dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine (pyrisoxazol), N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide, 5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl) yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole, 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy -acetamide; (L') GROWTH REGULATORS - abscisic acid, amidochlor, ancimidol, 6-benzylaminopurine, brassinolide, butralin, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride, cyclanilide, daminozide, diquegulac, dimethypine, 2,6-dimethylpuridine, ethephon , flumetralin, flurprimidol, flutiacet, forchlorphenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indole-3-acetic acid, maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), naphthaleneacetic acid, N-6-benzyladenine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione (prohexadione) , prohydrojasmon, tidiazuron, triapentenol, tributylphosphorotrithioate, 2,3,5-triiodo-benzoic acid, trinexapac-ethyl and uniconazole; (M') HERBICIDES - acetamides: acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethanamide, flufenacet, mefenacet, metolachlor, metazachlor, napropamide, naproanilide, petoxamide, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchlor; - amino acid derivatives: bilanaphos, glyphosate, glufosinate, sulfosate; - aryloxyphenoxypropionates: clodinafop, cihalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P-tefuril; - bipyridyls: diquat, paraquat; - the (thio)carbamates: asulam, butylate, carbetamide, desmedipham, dimepiperate, eptam (EPTC), esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, fenemedifam, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb, triallate; - cyclohexanediones: butroxydim, clethodim, cyclooxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim; - dinitroanilines: benfluralin, ethalfluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, trifluralin; - diphenyl ethers: acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, diclofop, ethoxyfen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen; - hydroxybenzonitriles: bromoxynil, dichlobenil, ioxynil; the imidazolinones: imazametabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr; phenoxyacetic acids: clmeprop, 2,4-(2,4-D), 2,4-DB acetic acid, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, mecoprop; - the pyrazines: chloridazon, flufenpyr-ethyl, fluthiacet, norflurazone, pyridate; - the pyridines: aminopyralid, clopyralide, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluroxypyr, picloram, picolinafen, thiazopyr; iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometurone, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron-sulfuron, trifluzo(trifloxy- 2-b]pyridazin-3-yl)sulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)urea; - the triazines: ametrine, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethathrin, etiozine, hexazinone, metamitron, metribuzine, promethrin, simazine, terbuthylazine, terbutrin, triaziflam; - ureas: chlorotoluron, daimuron, diurone, fluometurone, isoproturone, linuron, metabenzothiazuron, tebutyuron; other acetolactate synthetase inhibitors: bispyribac sodium, chloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone, flumetsulam, metosulam, orthosulfamuron, penoxsulam, propoxycarbazone, pyribanbenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyrithisulfane, pyriminobac, pyriminobac piroxsulam; - others: amicarbazone, aminotriazole, anilophos, beflubutamide, benazoline, bencarbazone, benfluresate, benzofenap, bentazone, benzobicyclone, bicyclopyrone, bromacil, bromobutide, butaphenacyl, butamiphos, cafenstrol, carfentrazone, cloromine, cinidone cyprosulfamide, dicamba, difenzoquat, diflufenzopyr, Drechslera monowaxes, endothal, ethofumesate, ethobenzanide, fenoxasulfone, fentrazamide, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazine, flupoxam, fluorochloridone, flurtamone, indanophane, ethobenzanide, isxanoxaben, acid methylarsenic, naptalam, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxaziclomephone, pentoxazone, pinoxaden, pyraclonil, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotol, pyrazoxifene, pyrazolinate, quinocamine, saflufenacyl, sulcotrione, thienetrazone, tefentrazone, terbacil acid, terbacyl acid, thimeprazone, terbacil acid 3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-trifluoromethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyr imidin-1-yl)phenoxy]pyridin-2-yloxy)acetic, 6-amino-5-chloro-2-cyclo-propylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 6-chloro-3-(2-cyclopropyl- 6-methylphenoxy)-pyridazin-4-ol, 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, 4-amino-3-chloro acid methyl ester -6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-3-dimethylamino-2 acid methyl ester -fluoro-phenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid. (N') INSECTICIDES - organo(thio)phosphates: acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-methyl, chlorpyriphos, chlorpyriphos-methyl, chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion, fenitrothion, isoxation, phenation methamidophos, methidathion, parathion-methyl, mevinphos, monocrotophos, oxidemeton-methyl, paraoxon, parathion, phentoate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidone, phorate, phoxim, pyrimiphos-methyl, profenophos, prothiophos, sulprophos, tetrachlorophostricoes, and trichlorophosthroxy; - the carbamates: alanicarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, fenoxycarb, furatiocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb and triazamate; - the pyrethroids: allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyphenothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, lambfenvalerate, permethrin, imiprothrin I and II, resmethrin, silafluofem, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, proflutrin, dimefluthrin; - insect growth regulators: (a) chitin synthesis inhibitors: benzoylureas, chlorfluazuron, cyramazine, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumurone, lufenuron, novalurone, teflubenzuron, triflumurone; buprofezine, diofenolan, hexythiazox, etoxazol and clofentazine; (b) ecdysone antagonists: halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide and azadirachtin; (c) juveniles: pyriproxyfen, methoprene, fenoxycarb and (d) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramate; - nicotinic receptor agonist / antagonist compounds: clothianidin, dinotefuran, flupyradifurone, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, 1-(2-chloro-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-2-nitrimino-3,5-dimethyl- [1,3,5]triazine; - GABA antagonist compounds: endosulfan, ethiprole, fipronil, vaniliprol, pyrafluprol, pyriprole, 5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-methyl-phenyl)-4-sulfinamoyl-1H-pyrazole acid amide -3-carbothioic; - macrocyclic lactone insecticides: abamectin, emamectin, milbemectin, lepimectin, espirosad, spinetoram; - the mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor (METI) I acaricides: fenazaquin, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim; - the compounds METI II and III: acequinocil, fluaciprim, hydramethylnon; - uncouplers: chlorfenapyr; - inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation: cyhexatin, diafentiuron, fenbutatin oxide, propargite; - compounds that disrupt feather exchange: cyromazine; - mixed function oxidase inhibitors: piperonyl butoxide; - the sodium channel blocking compounds: indoxacarb and metaflumizone; - ryanodine receptor inhibitors: chlorantraniliprol, cyantraniliprol, flubendiamide, N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfaniliden)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2 -pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; N-[4-chloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfaniliden)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-3- carboxamide; N-[4-chloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfaniliden)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyrazole-3-carboxamide; N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfaniliden)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol- 3-carboxamide; N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanilidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(difluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; N-[4,6-dibromo-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfaniliden)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol- 3-carboxamide; N-[4-chloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanilidene)carbamoyl]-6-cyano-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyrazole-3-carboxamide; N-[4,6-dibromo-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanilidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; - others: benclothiaz, biphenazate, cartap, flonicamid, pyridalyl, pymetrozine, sulfur, thiocyclam, cyenopyrafen, flupyrazoles, ciflumetofen, amidoflumet, imiciaphos, bistriflurone, pyrifluquinazone and cyclopropanoacetic acid ester 1,4R,4R[(3R,4 ,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-4-[[(2-cyclopropylacetyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-12- hydroxy- 4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran[3,4-e]pyran-3,6-diyl] .
[016] Compounds III, their preparation and their biological activity, for example, against harmful fungi, pests or weeds are known (for example, http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/, e-Pesticide Manual V5.2 (ISBN 978 1 901396 85 0) (2008-2011)); Many of these substances are commercially available.
[017] The compounds described by the IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation and their fungicidal activity are also known (cf. Can. J. Plant Sci. 48 (6), 587-94, 1968; patents EP A 141,317; EP-A 152,031; EP A 226,917; EP A 243 970; EP A 256,503; EP-A 428,941; EP-A 532,022; EP-A 1,028,125; EP-A 1,035,122; EP A 1,201,648; EP A 1,122,244 JP 3,296,272; US 3,325,503; Publications WO 1998/46608; WO 1999/14187; WO 1999/24413; WO 1999/27783; WO 2000/29404; WO 2000/46148; WO 2000/65913; WO 2001/ 54501; WO 2001/56358; WO 2002/22583; WO 2002/40431; WO 2003/10149; WO 2003/11853; WO 2003/14103; WO 2003/16286; WO 2003/53145; WO 2003/61388; WO 2003/ 66609; WO 2003/74491; WO 2004/49804; WO 2004/83193; WO 2005/120234; WO 2005/123689; WO 2005/123690; WO 2005/63721; WO 2005/87772; WO 2005/87773; WO 2006/ 15866; WO 2006/87325; WO 2006/87343; WO 2007/82098; WO 2007/90624, WO 2011/028657, WO 2012/168188, WO 2007/006670, PCT / EP 2012/065650 and PCT / EP 2012/065,651 ).
[018] Preferably the mixtures comprise, as compounds III, which are fungicidal compounds independently selected from the groups (A'), (B'), (C'), (D'), (E'), (F'), (G'), (H'), (I'), (J) and (K').
[019] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures comprise, as compound II, a plant growth regulator compound that is selected from the group (L').
[020] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures comprise, as compound II, a herbicidal compound which is selected from the group (H').
[021] According to another embodiment, the mixtures comprise, as compound II, an insecticidal compound that is selected from the group (N').
[022] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from group (A') and in particular selected from azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxime-methyl, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin; famoxadone, fenamidone; benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalide, fluopiram, fluxapiroxad, isopirasam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane; amethoctradine, cyazofamid, fluazinam, fentin salts such as fentin acetate.
[023] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin; bixafen, boscalide, fluopiram, fluxapiroxad, penflufen, penthiopirad, and sedaxane.
[024] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from group (B') and in particular selected from cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, fenarimol, triforine; dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, spiroxamine; fenexamide.
[025] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from cyproconazole, difenoconazole, fluquinconazole, flutriafol, prothioconazole, triadimenol, tebuconazole, triticonazole and prochloraz.
[026] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from the group (C') and, in particular, selected from metalaxyl, (metalaxyl -M) mefenoxam, ofurace.
[027] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from group (D') and in particular selected from benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, ethaboxam, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriophenone.
[028] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from the group (E') and in particular selected from cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil.
[029] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from the group (F') and, in particular, selected from iprodione, fludioxonil, vinclozoline, quinoxyfen.
[030] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from the group (G') and in particular selected from dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, bentiavalcarb, mandipropamide, propamocarb.
[031] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from the group (H') and in particular selected from copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate, sulfur, mancozeb, metiram, propineb, thiram,captafol, folpet, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dithianone.
[032] Preference is also given to mixtures which comprise, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from group (I') and in particular selected from carpropamide and fenoxanil.
[033] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from group (J') and in particular selected from acibenzolar-S- methyl, probenazol, tiadinil, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, H3PO3 and its salts.
[034] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from the group (K') and in particular selected from cymoxanil, proquinazid and N -methyl-2-{1-[(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-N-[(1R)-1,2,3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide.
[035] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from oxatiapiproline, metalaxyl, (metalaxyl-M) mefenoxam, ethaboxam, dimethomorph, fludioxonil, carboxin , silthiofama, ziram, tiram, carbendazim, thiabendazole and thiophanate-methyl.
[036] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from oxatiapiproline, metalaxyl, (metalaxyl-M) mefenoxam, ethaboxam and dimethomorph, especially for the Pythium control.
[037] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound II (component (2)), at least one active substance selected from fipronil, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiacloiprid, sulfoxaflor, metiocarb, tefluthrin, bifenthrin, ipermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, spinosad, chlorantraniliprol, cyantraniliprol and thiodicarb, most preferably selected from fipronil, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, chlorantraniliprol and cyantraniliprol.
[038] Component (1) in the mixtures covers not only pure cultures, isolated from the Bacillus subtilis FB17 strain, as defined herein, but also its cell-free extract, its suspensions in a total broth culture or as a supernatant containing the metabolite, or a purified metabolite obtained from a whole broth culture of the microorganism or strain of microorganism.
[039] The term “whole broth culture” refers to a liquid culture that contains the cells and the two media.
[040] The term "supernatant" refers to the liquid broth remaining when cells grown in broth are removed by centrifugation, filtration, sedimentation, or other means well known in the art.
[041] As used herein, the term "metabolite" refers to any component, compound, substance or by-product (including but not limited to small molecule secondary metabolites, polyketides, fatty acid synthase products, non-ribosomal peptides, peptides ribosomals, proteins and enzymes) produced by a microorganism (such as fungi and bacteria, especially the strains of the present invention) that have any beneficial effect, as described herein, such as pesticidal activity or enhancement of plant growth, efficiency of plant water use, plant health, plant appearance, or population of beneficial microorganisms in the soil surrounding plant activity at present.
[042] As used herein, the term "cell-free extract" refers to an extract of vegetative cells, spores and/or total culture broth of a microorganism comprising the cellular metabolites produced by the respective microorganism that can be obtained through of cell disruption methods known in the prior art, such as solvent-based (for example, organic solvents such as alcohols, sometimes in combination with suitable salts), based on temperature, application of forces of shear, disruption of the cell with an ultrasonicator. The desired extract can be concentrated by conventional concentration techniques such as drying, evaporation, centrifugation and the like. Certain washing steps using organic solvents and/or water-based media can also be applied to the crude extract, preferably before use.
[043] According to another embodiment, component (1) comprises the strain Bacillus subtilis FB17, and a cell-free extract thereof.
[044] As used herein, the term "strain" refers to isolate or a group of isolates exhibiting phenotypic and/or genotypic aspects belonging to the same lineage, distinct from other isolates or strains of the same species.
[045] As used herein, the term "isolated" refers to a pure microbial culture separated from its natural origin, such an isolate obtained by culturing a single microbial colony. An isolate is a pure culture derived from a heterogeneous, wild-type population of microorganisms.
[046] The term “mutant” refers to a microorganism obtained by direct mutant selection, but also includes microorganisms that have yet been mutagenized or otherwise manipulated (eg, through the introduction of a plasmid). Therefore, the embodiments include mutants, variants or and derivatives of the respective microorganism, naturally occurring and artificially induced mutants. For example, mutants can be induced by subjecting the microorganism to known mutagens, such as N-methyl-nitrosoguanidine, using conventional methods.
[047] Mutant strains can be obtained by any methods known in the state of the art, such as direct selection of the mutant, chemical mutagenesis or genetic manipulation (for example, through the introduction of a plasmid). For example, such mutants can be obtained through the application of a known mutagenic agent, such as X-rays, UV radiation or N-methyl-nitrosoguanidine. After these treatments, a scan of mutant strains that show the desired characteristics can be performed.
[048] Bacillus subtilis FB17 can be cultivated using the media and fermentation techniques known in the state of the art, for example, in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) at 27° C for 24 to 72 hours. Bacterial cells (vegatative cells and spores) were washed and concentrated (eg, by centrifugation at room temperature for 15 min at 7,000 x g). To produce a dry formulation, bacterial cells, preferably spores, were resuspended in a suitable dry vehicle (eg clay). To produce a liquid formulation, the cells, preferably the spores, were resuspended in a suitable liquid vehicle (eg water-based) to the desired spore density. The number of spore spore density per mL was determined by identifying the number of heat resistant colony forming units (70°C for 10 min) on Trypticase Soy Agar after incubation for 18 to 24 hours at 37° C. Bacillus subtilis FB17, in general, is active at a temperature between 7°C and 52°C (Holtmann, G. & Bremer, E. (2004), 186 J. Bacteriol., 1683-1693).
[049] In addition, the present invention also relates to a method for controlling harmful phytopathogenic fungi, insects or other pests or a method for regulating plant growth or a method for improving the health of plants using mixtures of the Bacillus subtilis FB17 strain, or a cell-free extract thereof or at least a metabolite thereof, and/or a Bacillus subtilis FB17 mutant that has all its identifying characteristics or mutant extract, and a pesticide II and the use of components (1) and (2), as defined herein, for the preparation of such mixtures, and the compositions and seeds comprising these mixtures.
[050] Furthermore, it was found that simultaneously, that is, together or separately, the application of the strain Bacillus subtilis FB17, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of Bacillus subtilis FB17 that has all its identification characteristics or mutant extract, and a pesticide II or the subsequent application of the Bacillus subtilis FB17 strain, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a Bacillus subtilis FB17 mutant that has all of its identifying characteristics or mutant extract and a pesticide II allows better control of harmful fungi than is possible with individual compounds alone (synergistic mixtures). Furthermore, synergistic effects in relation to improved insecticide, pesticide, herbicide, plant growth regulator and/or plant health action were found with the mixtures of the present invention.
[051] According to an embodiment, the mixtures comprise component (1) and component (2) in a synergistically effective amount.
[052] The mixtures and their compositions, according to the present invention, in form of use as fungicides and/or insecticides, may also be present together with other active substances, for example, with herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators , fungicides or with fertilizers, as a premix or, if appropriate, not until immediately before use (tank mix).
[053] A water-based mixture of the Bacillus subtilis FB17 strain, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a Bacillus subtilis FB17 mutant having all of its characteristics, or an extract of the mutant, and at least one pesticide II and the compositions comprising them, respectively, in the form of use as a fungicide with other fungicides, in many cases result in the expansion of the spectrum of fungicidal activity in a prevention or development of fungicidal resistance. Furthermore, in many cases, synergistic effects are obtained.
[054] A mixture of the Bacillus subtilis FB17 strain, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a Bacillus subtilis FB17 mutant that has all its identifying characteristics or mutant extract, and at least one pesticide II and the compositions comprising them, respectively, in the form of use as an insecticide with other insecticides, in many cases result in the expansion of the insecticide activity spectrum of prevention or the development of insecticide resistance. Furthermore, in many cases, synergistic effects are obtained.
[055] According to the present invention, it may be preferable that the mixtures comprise, in addition to the strain Bacillus subtilis FB17, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of Bacillus subtilis FB17 which possesses all its identifying characteristics or mutant extract, and a pesticide II and compositions comprising them as component (3) another active component (i.e. the pesticide), preferably in a synergistically effective amount. Another realization refers to mixtures in which component (3) is a pesticide III selected from the groups (A) to (T):
[056] The following list of pesticides III, together with the binary mixtures, according to the present invention, can be used, is intended to illustrate the possible combinations, but not limited to them: (A) BREATH INHIBITORS - Inhibitors of complex III at the Qo site (eg, strobilurins): azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, phenoxystrobin, phenoxystrobin / fluphenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orisastrobin, pyramoxystrobin , 2-[2-(2,5-dimethyl-phenoxymethyl)-phenyl]-3-methoxy-acrylic acid methyl ester and 2-(2-(3-(2,6-di-chlorophenyl)-1- methyl-alliliden-aminooxy-methyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide, pyribencarb, trichloroiricarb / chlorodincarb, famoxadone, fenamidone; - Inhibitors of complex III at the Qi site: cyazofamid, amisulbrome; 2-methylpropanoate [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-acetoxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1 ,5-dioxonan-7-yl], 2-methylpropanoate [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[[3-(acetoxymethoxy)-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl]amino] -6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl], 2-methylpropanoate [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-isobutoxycarbonyloxy-4- methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl], 2-methylpropanoate [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl- 3-[[3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethoxy)-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl ]-2-methylpropanoate, 2-methylpropanoate (3S,6S,7R,8R)-3-[[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-pyridinyl)carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo -8-(phenylmethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl; - Complex II inhibitors (eg, carboxamides): benodanil, benozovinidiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapiroxad, furametpyr, isofetamide, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxyne, tedaphthium, penflufen, penfluxam thifluzamide, N-(4'-Trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)- phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl carboxamide, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 1,3-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan- 4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoro-methyl) -1,5-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl )pyrazole-4-carboxamide; - other respiration inhibitors (eg complex I, uncouplers): diflumethorim, (5,8-difluoro-quinazolin-4-yl)-{2-[2-fluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yloxy) )-phenyl]-ethyl}-amine; nitrophenyl derivatives: binapacril, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam; ferimzone, organometallic compounds: fentin salts such as fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide; amethoctradin, and silthiofame; (B) STEROL BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS (SBI FUNGICIDES) - C14 demethylase inhibitors (DMI fungicides) the triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fluconazole, fluconazole flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazol, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, - 1-[rel- (2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-oxiranylmethyl]-5-thiocyanate-1H-[1,2,4]triazole, 2-[rel-(2S,3R)-3-(2- chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-oxiranyl-methyl]-2H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-thiol; imidazoles: imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole; the pyrimidines, pyridines and piperazines: fenarimol, nuarimol, pyrifenox, triforine; - Delta14 reductase inhibitors: aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin, spiroxamine; - Inhibitors of 3-keto reductase: fenexamide; (C) NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS - the phenylamide or acyl amino acid fungicides: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, chiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam, C.1.5), ofurace, oxadixyl; - others: hyhexazol, octilinone, oxolinic acid, bupyrimate, 5-fluorocytosine, 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxyl)pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine; (D) CELL DIVISION AND CYTOSKELETON INHIBITORS - Tubulin inhibitors, such as benzimidazoles, thiophanates: benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl; triazolopyrimidines: 5-chloro-7-(4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazol[1,5-a]pyrimidine; - other cell division inhibitors: dietofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycurone, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriophenone; (E) AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS - Protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, polyoxin, validamycin A; (F) SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION INHIBITORS - MAP kinase / histidine inhibitors: fluoroimide, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozoline, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil; - G protein inhibitors: quinoxyfen; (G) LIPIDS AND MEMBRANE SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS - Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: edifenphos, iprobenphos, pyrazolophos; - Lipid peroxidation: dichloran, quintazene, tecnazene, tolclophos-methyl, biphenyl, chlorneb, etridiazole; - Phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: dimethomorph, flumorph, mandiproamide, pirimorph, bentiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, valifenalate and acid (4-fluorophenyl) ester of N-(1-(1-(4-cyano-phenyl)- ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl)-carbamic; - Compounds that affect cell membrane and fatty acid permeability: propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride - fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors: oxatiapiproline; (H) INHIBITORS WITH MULTILOCALIZED ACTION - Inorganic active substances: the mixture Bordeaux, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur; - Thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, propineb, tiram, zineb, ziram; - Organochlorine compounds (eg phthalimides, sulfamides, chloronitriles): anilazine, chlorothalonil, captafol, captan, folpet, dichlofluanid, dichlorophene, flusulfamide, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenol and its salts, phthalide, tolylfluanide, N-(4-chloro- 2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide; - Guanidines and others: guanidine, dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine triacetate, iminoctadine tris(albesylate), dithianone, 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4 ]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone; (I) CELL WALL BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITORS - Glucan synthesis inhibitors: validamycin, polyoxin B, melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamide, dicyclomet, fenoxanil; (J) VEGETABLE DEFENSE INDUCTORS - acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, isothianil, tiadinil, prohexadione-calcium, phosphates: fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, phosphoric acid and its salts; (K) UNKNOWN MODE OF ACTION - bronopol, quinometinate, cyflufenamide, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat methylsulfate, diphenylamine, phenpyrazamine, flumethover, flusulfamide, fluthianil, nitroquinesulfopyrocarbine tebufloquine, teclophthalam, oxatiapiproline, 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-(prop-2-yn-1- yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl) )-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-fluoro-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, 2[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1- [4-(4-{5-[2-chloro-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3 -thiazol-2yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, oxin-copper, proquinazid, tebufloquin, teclophthalam, triazoxide, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propylchromen-4-one, N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6) -difluoro-methoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2 -phenyl-acetamide, N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl, N'-(4-(4)formamidine -fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl,formamidine N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethyl-silanyl-propoxy) )-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl, Formamidine N'-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl, acid ester 2-methoxy-acetic 6-tert-butyl-8-fluoro-2,3-dimethyl-quinolin-4-yl, 2-methoxy-acetic acid ester 6-tert-butyl-8-fluoro-2,3-dimethyl -quinolin-4-yl, 3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine, 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3- dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine (pyrisoxazol), N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide, 5-chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl) )-2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole, 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy- acetamide; (L) GROWTH REGULATORS - abscisic acid, amidochlor, ancimidol, 6-benzylaminopurine, brassinolide, butralin, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride, cyclanilide, daminozide, diquegulac, dimethypine, 2,6-dimethylpuridine, ethephon, flumetralin, flurprimidol, flutiacet, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indole-3-acetic acid, maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), naphthaleneacetic acid, N-6-benzyladenine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione (prohexadione) prohydrojasmon, tidiazuron, triapentenol, tributylphosphorotrithioate, 2,3,5-triiodo-benzoic acid, trinexapac-ethyl and uniconazole; (H) HERBICIDES - acetamides: acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethanamide, flufenacet, mefenacet, metolachlor, metazachlor, napropamide, naproanilide, petoxamide, pretilachlor, propachlor, tenylchlor; - amino acid derivatives: bilanaphos, glyphosate, glufosinate, sulfosate; - aryloxyphenoxypropionates: clodinafop, cihalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-P-tefuril; - bipyridyls: diquat, paraquat; - the (thio)carbamates: asulam, butylate, carbetamide, desmedipham, dimepiperate, eptam (EPTC), esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, fenemedifam, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb, triallate; - cyclohexanediones: butroxydim, clethodim, cyclooxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim; - dinitroanilines: benfluralin, ethalfluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, trifluralin; - diphenyl ethers: acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, diclofop, ethoxyfen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen; - hydroxybenzonitriles: bromoxynil, dichlobenil, ioxynil; - the imidazolinones: imazametabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr; - phenoxyacetic acids: clmeprop, acetic acid 2,4-dichlorophenoxy (2,4-D), 2,4-DB, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, mecoprop; - the pyrazines: chloridazon, flufenpyr-ethyl, fluthiacet, norflurazone, pyridate; - the pyridines: aminopyralid, clopyralide, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluroxypyr, picloram, picolinafen, thiazopyr; iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometurone, sulfosulfuron, tribesulfuron, thifensulfuron, trisulfurone, trisulfurone-6-trisulfuron, trisulfurone- imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-3-yl)sulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)urea; - the triazines: ametrine, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethathrin, etiozine, hexazinone, metamitron, metribuzine, promethrin, simazine, terbuthylazine, terbutrin, triaziflam; - ureas: chlorotoluron, daimuron, diurone, fluometurone, isoproturone, linuron, metabenzothiazuron, tebutyuron; - other acetolactate synthetase inhibitors: bispyribac sodium, chloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone, flumetsulam, metosulam, orthosulfamuron, penoxsulam, propoxycarbazone, pyribanbenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyrithi-sulfobac-methyl, pyrim , piroxsulam; - others: amicarbazone, aminotriazole, anilophos, beflubutamide, benazoline, bencarbazone, benfluresate, benzofenap, bentazone, benzobicyclone, bicyclopyrone, bromacil, bromobutide, butaphenacyl, butamiphos, cafenstrol, carfentrazone, cloromine, cinidone cyprosulfamide, dicamba, difenzoquat, diflufenzopyr, Drechslera monowaxes, endothal, ethofumesate, ethobenzanide, fenoxasulfone, fentrazamide, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazine, flupoxam, fluorochloridone, flurtamone, indanophane, ethobenzanide, isxanoxaben, acid methylarsenic, naptalam, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxaziclomephone, pentoxazone, pinoxaden, pyraclonil, pyraflufenethyl, pyrasulfotol, pyrazoxifene, pyrazolinate, quinocamine, saflufenacil, sulcotrione, thienetrazone, tefentrazone, terbacyl acid, thifentrazone, terbacyl acid 3-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-trifluoromethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pi rimidin-1-yl)phenoxy]pyridin-2-yloxy)acetic, 6-amino-5-chloro-2-cyclo-propylpyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 6-chloro-3-(2-cyclopropyl- 6-methylphenoxy)-pyridazin-4-ol, 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-fluoro-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, 4-amino-3-chloro acid methyl ester -6-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino-3-chloro-6-(4-chloro-3-dimethylamino-2 acid methyl ester -fluoro-phenyl)-pyridin-2-carboxylic acid. - N) INSECTICIDES - organo(thio)phosphates: acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-methyl, chlorpyriphos, chlorpyriphos-methyl, chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethione, fenitrothione, isoxationation, phenation , methidathion, parathion-methyl, mevinphos, monocrotophos, oxidemeton-methyl, paraoxon, parathion, phentoate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidone, phorate, phoxime, pirimiphos-methyl, profenophos, prothiophos, sulprophos, tetrachlorvinphos, triazophosphos; - the carbamates: alanicarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, fenoxycarb, furatiocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb and triazamate; - the pyrethroids: allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyphenothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, lambfenvalerate, permethrin, imiprothrin I and II, resmethrin, silafluofem, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, proflutrin, dimefluthrin; - insect growth regulators: (a) chitin synthesis inhibitors: benzoylureas, chlorfluazuron, cyramazine, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumurone, lufenuron, novalurone, teflubenzuron, triflumurone; buprofezine, diofenolan, hexythiazox, etoxazol and clofentazine; (b) ecdysone antagonists: halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide and azadirachtin; (c) juveniles: pyriproxyfen, methoprene, fenoxycarb and (d) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramate; - nicotinic receptor agonist / antagonist compounds: clothianidin, dinotefuran, flupyradifurone, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, 1-(2-chloro-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-2-nitrimino-3,5-dimethyl- [1,3,5]triazine; - GABA antagonist compounds: endosulfan, ethiprole, fipronil, vaniliprol, pyrafluprol, pyriprole, 5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-methyl-phenyl)-4-sulfinamoyl-1H-pyrazole acid amide -3-carbothioic; - macrocyclic lactone insecticides: abamectin, emamectin, milbemectin, lepimectin, espirosad, spinetoram; - the mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor (METI) I acaricides: fenazaquin, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim; - the compounds METI II and III: acequinocil, fluaciprim, hydramethylnon; - uncouplers: chlorfenapyr; - inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation: cyhexatin, diafentiuron, fenbutatin oxide, propargite; - compounds that disrupt feather exchange: cyromazine; - mixed function oxidase inhibitors: piperonyl butoxide; - sodium channel blockers: indoxacarb, metaflumizone; - ryanodine receptor inhibitors: chlorantraniliprol, cyantraniliprol, flubendiamide, N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfaniliden)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2 -pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; N-[4-chloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfaniliden)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-3- carboxamide; N-[4-chloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfaniliden)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyrazole-3-carboxamide; N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfaniliden)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol- 3-carboxamide; N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanilidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(difluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; N-[4,6-dibromo-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfaniliden)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol- 3-carboxamide; N-[4-chloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanilidene)carbamoyl]-6-cyano-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyrazole-3-carboxamide; N-[4,6-dibromo-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanilidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; - others: benclothiaz, biphenazate, cartap, flonicamid, pyridalyl, pymetrozine, sulfur, thiocyclam, cyenopyrafen, flupyrazoles, ciflumetofen, amidoflumet, imiciaphos, bistriflurone, pyrifluquinazone and cyclopropanoacetic acid ester 1,4R,4R[(3R,4 ,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-4-[[(2-cyclopropylacetyl)oxy]methyl]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-12- hydroxy- 4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran[3,4-e]pyran-3,6-diyl] . - other insecticidal biopesticides: black wattle extract, grapefruit seed extract and cellulose (eg BC-1000 from Chemie SA, Chile), Paenibacillus poppiliae (eg NRRL B-2309, KLN 3, and Dutky 1) strains . (O) MICROBIAL PESTICIDES WITH FUNGICIDE, BACTERICIDE, VIRICIDE AND/OR VEGETABLE DEFENSE ACTIVATING ACTIVITY: - Ampelomyces quisqualis, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. mojavensis, B. solis simplex. B. subtilis, B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens, Candida oleophila, C. saitoana, Clavibacter michiganensis (bacteriophages), Coniothyrium minitans, Cryphonectria parasitica, Cryptococcus albidus, Fusarium oxysporum, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulate (also called Gliocladium catenulatum), Gliocladium roseum, Metschnikowia fructicola, Microdochium dimerum, PaeniBacillus polymyxa, Pantoea agglomerans, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Pseudozyma flocculosa, Pythium oligandrum, Sphaerodes Talcus Strcomyxa, violasitica. atroviride, T. fertile, T. gamsii, T. harmatum; mixture of T. viride and T. harzianum; mixture of T. polysporum and T. harzianum; T. stromaticum, T. virens (also called Gliocladium virens), T. viride, Typhula phacorrhiza, Ulocladium oudema, U. oudemansii, Verticillium dahlia, yellow mosaic zucchini virus (non-virulent strain); (P) BIOCHEMICAL PESTICIDES WITH FUNGICIDE, BACTERICIDE, VIRICIDE AND/OR VEGETABLE DEFENSE ACTIVATING ACTIVITY - chitosan (hydrolysis), jasmonic acid or salts or its derivatives, laminarin, Menhaden fish oil, natamycin, Plum pox virus coated protein , Reynoutria sachlinensis extract, salicylic acid, tea tree oil; (Q) MICROBIAL PESTICIDES WITH INSECTICID, ACARICIDE, MOLUSCIDAL AND/OR NEMATICIDE ACTIVITY - Bacillus firmus, B. thuringiensis ssp. israelensis, B.t. ssp. galleriae, B.t. ssp. kurstaki, Beauveria bassiana, Burkholderia sp., Chromobacterium subtsugae, Cydia pomonella granulose virus, Isaria fumosorosea, Lecanicillium longisporum, L. muscarium (formerly Verticillium lecanii), Metarhizium anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. acridum, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P. lilacinus, PaeniBacillus poppiliae, Pasteuria spp, P. Nishizawae, P. reneformis, P. usagae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Steinernema feltiae, Streptomces galbus.; (R) BIOCHEMICAL PESTICIDES WITH INSECTICIDE, ACARICIDE, MOLUSCIDAL, PHEROMONE AND/OR NEMATICIDE ACTIVITY - L-carvone, citral, acetate (E,Z)-7,9 dodecadien-1-yl, ethyl formate, decadienoate (E, Z)-2,4-ethyl (pear ester), (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal, heptyl butyrate, isopropyl myristate, lavanulil senecioate, 2-methyl-1-butanol, eugenol of methyl, methyl jasmonate, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, (E,Z)-3,13- octadecadien-1-ol, R-1-octen-3-ol, pentatermanone, potassium silicate, sorbitol actanoate, acetate (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11-tetradecatrienyl, acetate (Z,E)- 9,12-1-tetradecadien-yl, Z-7-tetradecen-2-one, Z-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, Z-11-tetradecenal, Z-11-tetradecen-1-ol, acacia extract blackberry, grapefruit seed extract and pulp, Chenopodium ambrosiodae extract, Catnip oil, Neem oil, Quillay extract, Tagetes oil; (S) MICROBIAL PESTICIDES WITH THE ACTIVITY OF REDUCING VEGETABLE CEPA, GROWTH REGULATOR, PROMOTER OF VEGETABLE GROWTH AND/OR YIELD INTENSIFICATION - Azospirillum amazonense A. brasilense, A. lipoferum, A. sp, B. japonicum, Glomus intraradices, Mesorhizobium sp., PaeniBacillus alvei, Penicillium bilaiae, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, R.l. trifolii, R.1. bv. viciae, Sinorhizobium meliloti; (T) BIOCHEMICAL PESTICIDES WITH VEGETABLE CEPA REDUCTION, GROWTH REGULATOR AND/OR YIELD INTENSIFICATION - abscisic acid, aluminum silicate (kaolin), 3-decen-2-one, homobrassinolide, humates, indole acid- 3-acetic acid, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, polymeric polyhydroxy acid, Ascophyllum nodosum extract (Norwegian seaweed, brown seaweed) and Ecklonia maxima extract (algae.
[057] Compounds III, their preparation and their biological activity, for example, against harmful fungi, pests or weeds are known (for example, http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/, e-Pesticide Manual V5.2 (ISBN 978 1 901396 85 0) (2008-2011)); Many of these substances are commercially available.
[058] The compounds described by the IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation and their fungicidal activity are also known (cf. Can. J. Plant Sci. 48 (6), 587-94, 1968; patents EP A 141,317; EP-A 152,031; EP A 226,917; EP A 243 970; EP A 256,503; EP-A 428,941; EP-A 532,022; EP-A 1,028,125; EP-A 1,035,122; EP A 1,201,648; EP A 1,122,244 JP 3,296,272; US 3,325,503; Publications WO 1998/46608; WO 1999/14187; WO 1999/24413; WO 1999/27783; WO 2000/29404; WO 2000/46148; WO 2000/65913; WO 2001/ 54501; WO 2001/56358; WO 2002/22583; WO 2002/40431; WO 2003/10149; WO 2003/11853; WO 2003/14103; WO 2003/16286; WO 2003/53145; WO 2003/61388; WO 2003/ 66609; WO 2003/74491; WO 2004/49804; WO 2004/83193; WO 2005/120234; WO 2005/123689; WO 2005/123690; WO 2005/63721; WO 2005/87772; WO 2005/87773; WO 2006/ 15866; WO 2006/87325; WO 2006/87343; WO 2007/82098; WO 2007/90624, WO 2011/028657, WO 2012/168188, WO 2007/006670, PCT / EP 2012/065650 and PCT / EP 2012/065,651 ).
[059] Preferably the mixtures comprise, as compounds III, which are fungicidal compounds independently of each other selected from the groups (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), ( G), (H), (I), (J) and (K).
[060] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures comprise, as compound III, a herbicidal compound which is selected from the group (M).
[061] According to another embodiment, the mixtures comprise, as compound III, an insecticidal compound that is selected from the group (N).
[062] Preference is also given to mixtures comprising, as compound III (component (3)), at least one active substance selected from group (A) and in particular selected from azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxime-methyl, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin; famoxadone, fenamidone; benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalide, fluopiram, fluxapiroxad, isopirasam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane; amethoctradine, cyazofamid, fluazinam, fentin salts such as fentin acetate.
[063] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound III (component (3)), at least one active substance selected from group (B) and in particular selected from cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, fenarimol, triforine; dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, spiroxamine; fenexamide.
[064] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound III (component (3)), at least one active substance selected from group (C) and in particular selected from metalaxyl, (metalaxyl- M) mefenoxam, ofurace.
[065] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound III (component (3)), at least one active substance selected from group (D) and in particular selected from benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate -methyl, ethaboxam, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriophenone.
[066] Preference is also given to mixtures which comprise, as compound III (component (3)), at least one active substance selected from group (E) and in particular selected from cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil .
[067] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound III (component (3)), at least one active substance selected from group (F) and in particular selected from iprodione, fludioxonil, vinclozoline , quinoxyfen.
[068] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound III (component (3)), at least one active substance selected from group (G) and in particular selected from dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb , bentiavalcarb, mandipropamide, propamocarb.
[069] Preference is also given to mixtures which comprise, as compound III (component (3)), at least one active substance selected from group (H) and in particular selected from copper acetate, hydroxide copper, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate, sulfur, mancozeb, metiram, propineb, thiram,captafol, folpet, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dithianone.
[070] Preference is also given to mixtures which comprise, as compound III (component (3)), at least one active substance selected from group (I) and in particular selected from carpropamide and fenoxanil.
[071] Preference is also given to mixtures which comprise, as compound III (component (3)), at least one active substance selected from group (J) and in particular selected from acibenzolar-S-methyl , probenazol, tiadinil, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, H3PO3 and its salts.
[072] Preference is also given to mixtures that comprise, as compound III (component (3)), at least one active substance selected from the group (K) and in particular selected from cymoxanil, proquinazid and N- methyl-2-{1-[(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4 -tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide.
[073] Preferably, the mixtures comprise as component (3), at least one biopesticide III selected from the groups (O), (P), (Q), (R), (S) and (T).
[074] Biopesticides are defined as a form of pesticides based on microorganisms (bactericide, fungi, viruses, nematodes, and the like) or on natural products (compounds or extracts from biological sources).
[075] Biopesticides are typically created through the growth and concentration of naturally occurring organisms and/or their metabolites, including bacteria and other microbes, fungi, viruses, nematodes, proteins, and the like. They are often considered to be important components of integrated pest protection programs (IPM), and have received much practical attention as replacements for chemical and synthetic plant protection products (PPPs).
[076] Biopesticides fall into two main classes of microbial and biochemical pesticides: (1) microbial pesticides consist of bacteria, fungi, or viruses (and often include the metabolites that bacteria and fungi produce). These endopathogenic nematodes are also classified as microbial pesticides, although they are multicellular. (2) biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests or provide other crop protection uses as defined below, but are relatively non-toxic to mammals.
[077] Group (O) and/or (P) biopesticides may also have insecticidal, acaricide, molluscidal, pheromone, nematicide, plant strain reduction, growth regulator, plant growth promoter and/or intensification of income.
[078] Group (Q) and/or (R) biopesticides may also have fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal, plant defense activator, plant strain reduction, growth regulator, plant growth promoter and/ or income enhancement.
[079] Group (S) and/or (T) biopesticides may also have fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal, plant defense activator, insecticide, acaricide, molluscidal, pheromone, and/or nematicide activity.
[080] Biopesticides, their preparation and their biological activity, for example, against harmful fungi, pests are known (and Pesticide Manual dV 5.2 (ISBN 978 1 901396 85 0) (2008-2011); http:// www.epa.gov/opp00001/biopesticides/, see lists of products at present; http://www.omri.org/omri-lists, see lists at present; BPDB biopesticides database http://sitem.herts .ac.uk/aeru/bpdb/, see link A to Z at present). Many of these biopesticides are registered and/or commercially available: aluminum silicate (ScreenTM Duo from Certis LLC, USA, Ampelomyces quisqualis, M-10 (eg AQ 10® from Intrachem Bio GmbH & Co. KG, Germany), Ascophyllum nodosum (Norwegian kelp, kelp Brown) extract or filtrate (eg ORKA Gold from Becker Underwood, South Africa), Aspergillus flavus NRRL 21882 (eg in Afla-Guard® from Syngenta, CH), Aureobasidium pullulans (eg from BlossomProtect® from bio-ferm GmbH, Germany), Azospirillum brasilense XOH (eg AZOS from Xtreme Gardening, USA or RTI Reforestation Techniques International; USA), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TI-45 (CNCM I-3800, NCBI 1,091.041) (for example, RHIZOCELL C from ITHEC, France), B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B-50595, deposited with the United States Department of Agriculture) (for example, Integral®, Clarity, Subtilex NG from Becker Underwood, USA), B. pumilus QST 2808 (Ac No. esso NRRL B 30087) (eg Sonata® and Ballad® Plus from AgraQuest Inc., USA), B. subtilis (eg GB03 KODIAK from Gustafson, Inc., USA), B. subtilis GB07 (EPIC from Gustafson, Inc., USA), B. subtilis QST-713 (NRRL B-21661 in Rhapsody®, Serenade® MAX and Serenade® ASO from AgraQuest Inc., USA), B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens FZB24 (for example, Taegro® from Novozyme Biologicals, Inc., USA), B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens D747 (for example, Double Nickle 55 from Certis LLC, USA), Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki SB4 (eg Beta Pro® from Becker Underwood, South Africa), Beauveria bassiana GHA (BotaniGard® 22WGP from Laverlam Int. Corp., USA), B. bassiana 12256 (eg Bioexpert® SC from Live Sytems Technology SA, Colombia), B. bassiana PPRI number 5339 (ARSEF 5339 in the USDA ARS collection of entomopathogenic fungi cultures) (eg, BroadBand® from Becker Underwood, South Africa), Bradyrhizobium sp. (eg, from Vault® Becker Underwood, USA), B. japonicum (eg, Vault® from Becker Underwood, USA), Candida oleophila I-182 (NRRL Y-18846; eg Aspire® from Ecogen Inc., USA), Candida Saitoan (eg Biocure® (in a mixture with Lysozyme) and BioCoat® from Micro Flo Company, USA (BASF SE) and Arysta), Chitosan (eg Armor-Zen® from BotriZen Ltd., NZ ), Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata, also called Gliocladium catenulatum (eg J 1446 isolated: Prestop® from Verdera Oy, Finland), Coniothyrium minitans CON/M/ 91-08 (eg Contans® WG from Prophyta, Germany), Cryphonectria parasitica (eg , Endothia parasitica from CNICM, France), Cryptococcus albidus (eg Yield Plus® from Anchor Bio-Technologies, South Africa), Ecklonia maxima (algae) extract (eg Kelpak SL from Kelp Products Ltd, South Africa ), Fusarium oxisporum (eg Biofox® from SIAPA, Italy, Fusaclean® from Natural Plant Protection, France), Glomus intraradices (eg MYC 4000 from ITHEC, France), Glomus intraradices RTI-801 (eg Mykos from Xtreme Gardening, USA or RTI Reforestation Techniques International, USA), grapefruit seed and pulp extract (eg BC-1000 from Chemie SA, Chile), Isaria fumosorosea Apopka-97 (ATCC 20874) (PFR-97™ from Certis LLC, USA), Lecanicillium muscarium (formerly Verticillium lecanii) (eg plo, MYCOTAL from Koppert BV, The Netherlands), Lecanicillium longisporum KV42 and KV71 (e.g. Vertalec® from Koppert BV, The Netherlands), Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum IMI 330189 (deposited in European Culture CABI Collections) (eg Green Muscle® from Becker Underwood, South Africa), M. anisopliae FI-1045 (eg Biocane® from Becker Underwood Pty Ltd, Australia), M. anisopliae var. acridum FI-985 (eg Green Guard® SC from Becker Underwood Pty Ltd, Australia), M. anisopliae F52 (eg MET52® Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada), M. anisopliae ICIPE 69 (eg Metathripol from ICIPE, Nairobe, Kenya), Metschnikowia fructicola (eg Shemer® from Agrogreen, Israel), Microdochium dimerum (eg Antibot® from Agrauxine, France), Neem oil (eg Trilogy®, Triact® 70 CE, Certis LLC, USA), strain Paecilomyces fumosoroseus FE 9901 (eg NO FLY™ from Natural Industries, Inc., USA), P. lilacinus DSM 15169 (eg Nemata® SC from Live Systems Technology SA, Colombia), P lilacinus BCP2 (eg PL Gold from Becker Underwood BioAg SA Ltd, South Africa), mixture of PaeniBacillus alvei NAS6G6 and Bacillus pumilis (eg BAC-UP from Becker Underwood South Africa), Penicillium bilaiae (eg. Jump Start® from Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada), Phlebiopsis gigantea (eg Rotstop® from Verdera, Finland ia), potassium silicate (eg Sil-Matrix™ from Certis LLC, USA), Pseudozyma flocculosa (eg Sporodex® from Plant Products Co. Ltd., Canada), Pythium oligandrum DV74 (eg Polyversum® from Remeslo SSRO, Biopreparaty, Czech Rep.), Reynoutria sachlinensis extract (eg, Regalia® from Marrone Biolnnovations, USA), Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseolii (eg, Rhizo-Stick from Becker Underwood, USA), R. l. trifolii (eg Dormal from Becker Underwood, USA), R.l. bv. viciae (eg, Nodulator from Becker Underwood, USA), Sinorhizobium meliloti (eg, Dormal Alfalfa from Becker Underwood, USA; Nitragin® Gold from Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada), Steinernema feltiae (Nema-Shield® from BioWorks, Inc ., USA), Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 (for example, Actinovate® from Natural Industries, Inc., USA, US 5,403,584), S. violaceusniger YCED-9 (for example, DT-9® from Natural Industries, Inc. , USA, US 5,968,503), Talaromyces flavus V117b (for example, Protus® from Prophyta, Germany), Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 (for example, Eco-Hope® from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Japan). T. atroviride LC52 (for example Sentinel® from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ), T. fertil JM41R (for example Richplus™ from Becker Underwood Bio SA Ag Ltd, South Africa), T. harzianum T-22 (for example , Plantshield® from Firma BioWorks Inc., USA), T. harzianum TH 35 (for example Root Pro® from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel), T. harzianum T-39 (for example Trichodex® and Trichoderma 200 0® from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel and Makhteshim Ltd., Israel), T. harzianum and T. viride (for example Trichopel from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, R), Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride ICC012 ICC080 (for example Remedier® WP from Isagro Ricerca, Italy), T. polysporum and T. harzianum (eg from Binab® Binab Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden), T. stromaticum (eg Tricovab® from CEPLAC, Brazil), T. virens GL -21 (also called Gliocladium virens) (eg Soilgard® from Certis LLC, USA), T. viride (eg Trieco® from EcoSense Labs. (India) Pvt. Ltd., India, Bio-Cure® F by T. Stanes & Co. Ltd., India), t. viride TV1 (eg T. viride TV1 from Agribiotec, Italy), Ulocladium oudemansii HRU3 (eg Botry-Zen® from Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (NRRL B-50614), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (NRRL B-50615), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B-50619), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B-50620), B. mojavensis AP-209 (NRRL No. B-50616), B. solisalsi AP-217 (NRRL B-50617), B. pumilus strain INR-7 (also referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU -F33 (NRRL B-50185)), B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50340) and B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B-50595) have been mentioned in US patent 2012/0.149,571, WO 2012/079073. Beauveria bassiana DSM 12256 is known from US patent 2000/20,031,495. Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA is known from US patent 7,262,151. Sphaerodes mycoparasitica IDAC 301008-01 (IDAC = International Depositary Authority of Canada Collection) is known from publication WO 2011/022809.
[081] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 which has accession number NRRL B-50595 is deposited with the US Department of Agriculture on November 10, 2011 under the strain designation Bacillus subtilis 1430. It has also been deposited with the National Marine Industry and Bacteria Collections Ltd. (NCIB), Torry Research Station, PO Box 31, 135 Abbey Road, Aberdeen, AB9 8DG, Scotland under accession number 1237, December 22, 1986. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI600 is known as a growth promoter seed treatment. rice vegetable from Int. J. Microbiol. Res. ISSN 0975-5276, 3(2) (2011), 120-130 and further described, for example, in US patent 2012/0149571 A1. This MBI600 strain, for example, is commercially available as a liquid Integral® formulation product (Becker Underwood-Inc., USA). Recently, the MBI 600 strain was reclassified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum based on polyphase testing that combines classical microbiological methods that rely on a mixture of traditional tools (such as culture-based methods) and molecular tools (such as genotyping and fatty acid analysis). Therefore, Bacillus subtilis MBI600 (MBI or 600 or MBI-600) is identical to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600, formerly Bacillus subtilis MBI600.
[082] Metarhizium anisopliae IMI33 is commercially available Becker Underwood as a Green Guard product. M. anisopliae var Acridium IMI 330189 (NRRL-50758) is commercially available from Becker Underwood as a Green Muscle product.
[083] According to an embodiment of the mixtures of the present invention, at least one biopesticide II is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600. These mixtures are especially suitable for soy vegetables.
[084] According to another embodiment of the mixtures of the present invention, at least one biopesticide II is the B. pumilus INR-7 strain (also referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B -50185) These blends are especially suitable for soybeans and corn.
[085] According to another embodiment of the mixtures of the present invention, at least one biopesticide II is Bacillus pumilus, preferably the strain B. pumilis INR-7 (also referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B-50185) These blends are especially suitable for soybeans and corn.
[086] According to another embodiment of the mixtures of the present invention, at least one biopesticide II is Bacillus simplex II, preferably it is the strain B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50340). These blends are especially suitable for soybeans and corn.
[087] According to another embodiment of the mixtures of the present invention, at least one biopesticide II is selected from Trichoderma asperellum, T. atroviride, T. fertil, T. gamsii, T. harmatum; mixture of T. viride and T. harzia-num; mixture of T. polysporum and T. harzianum; T. stromaticum, T. virens (also called Gliocladium virens) and T. viride; preferably Trichoderma fertil, in particular the T. fertil JM41R strain. These blends are especially suitable for soybeans and corn.
[088] According to another embodiment of the mixtures of the present invention, at least one biopesticide II is Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, preferably the strain Sphaerodes mycoparasitica IDAC 301.008-01 (also referred to as strain SMCD2220-01). These blends are especially suitable for soybeans and corn.
[089] According to another embodiment of the mixtures of the present invention, at least one biopesticide II is Beauveria bassiana, preferably the strain Beauveria bassiana PPRI5339. These blends are especially suitable for soybeans and corn.
[090] According to another embodiment of the mixtures of the present invention, at least one biopesticide II is Metarhizium anisopliae and M. anisopliae var. acridium, preferably selected from the strain M anisolpiae IMI33 and strain M. anisopliae var. acridium IMI 330189. These blends are especially suitable for soybeans and corn.
[091] According to another embodiment of the mixtures of the present invention, Bradyrhizobium sp. (ie all species and/or strains of Bradyrhizobium) as biopesticide III is Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum). These mixtures are especially suitable for soy vegetables. Preferably, B. japonicum is not one of the TA-11 or 532c strains. The B. japonicum strains were cultivated using the media and fermentation techniques known in the state of the art, for example, in yeast extract-mannitol (YEM) broth at 27°C for about 5 days.
[092] References to various strains of B. japonicum are given, for example, in US patent 7,262,151 (B. japonicum strains USDA 110 (= IITA 2121, SEMIA 5032, RCR 3427, ARS I-110, Nitragin 61A89; isolated from Glycine max, Florida, 1959, Serogroup 110; Appl Environ Microbiol 60, 940-94, 1994), USDA 31 (= Nitragin 61A164; isolate from Glycine max from Wisconsin, 1941, USA, Serogroup 31), USDA 76 (passage of the plant from the USDA 74 strain that was isolated from Glycine max in California, USA in 1956, Serogroup 76), USDA 121 (isolated from Glycine max in Ohio, USA in 1965), USDA 3 ( isolated from Glycine max in Virginia, USA, in 1914, Serogroup 6) and USDA 136 (= CB 1809, SEMIA 586, Nitragin 61A136, RCR 3407; isolated from Glycine max in Beltsville, Maryland, in 1961; Appl Environ Microbiol 60 , 940-94, 1994) USDA refers to the United States Department of Agriculture Culture Collection, Beltsville, Md, USA (see, for example, Beltsville Rhizobium Culture Collection Catalog, March 198 7 ARS-30). In addition, the B. japonicum G49adequadoa strain (INRA, Angers, France) is described in Fernandez-Flouret, D. & Cleyet-Marel, JC (1987) CR Acad Agric P. 73, 163-171), especially for soybeans cultivated in Europe, that is, in France. The most suitable B. japonicum strain TA-11 (TA11 NOD +) (NRRL B-18466) is i.a. described in US patent 5,021,076; Appl Environ Microbiol (1990) 56, 2,3992,403 and commercially available as the inoculant liquid for soybeans (Vault® NP, Becker Underwood, USA). Other B. japonicum strains, such as for example for the biopesticide II are described in US patent 2012/0252672A. Another suitable strain, and especially commercially available in Canada, is strain 532c (A Nitragin Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, isolated from Wisconsin field; Nitragin strain collection No. 61A152; Can J Plant Sci 70 (1990), 661- 666).
[093] Other suitable commercially available B. japonicum strains (see, for example, Appl Environ Microbiol 2007, 73 (8), 2635) are SEMIA 566 (isolated from North American inoculant in 1966 and used in commercial inoculants Brazilians 1966-1978), SEMIA 586 (= CB 1809; originally isolated in Maryland, USA, but received from Austrailia in 1966 and used in inoculants in Brazil in 1977), CPAC 15 (= SEMIA 5079, a natural variant of SEMIA 566 used in commercial inoculants since 1992) and CPAC 7 (= SEMIA 5080; a natural variant of SEMIA 586 used in commercial inoculants since 1992). These strains are especially suitable for soybeans grown in Australia or South America, especially in Brazil. Some of the strains mentioned above have been reclassified as a new species of Bradyrhizobium elkanii, for example, the USDA 76 strain (Can. J. Microbiol., 1992, 38, 501-505).
[094] Another suitable commercially available B. japonicum strain is E-109 (USDA strain variant 138, for example, see Eur J. Biol Soil 45 (2009) 28-35; Biol Fertil Soils (2011) 47: 81-89, deposited with the Agriculture Collection Laboratory of the Institute of Microbiology and Agricultural Zoology (IMYZA), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Castelar, Argentina). This strain is especially suitable for soybeans grown in South America, especially Argentina.
[095] The present invention also relates to mixtures, in which at least one biopesticide II is selected from Bradyrhizobium elkanii and Bradyrhizobium liaoningense (B. elkanii and B. liaoningense), most preferably from B. elkanii. These mixtures are especially suitable for soy vegetables. B. elkanii and liaoningense were cultivated using the media and fermentation techniques known in the state of the art, for example, in yeast extract-mannitol (YEM) broth at 27°C for about 5 days.
[096] Suitable commercially available B. elkanii strains are SEMIA 587 and SEMIA 5019 (= 29W) (see, for example, Appl Environ Microbiol 2007, 73 (8), 2635) and USDA 3254 and USDA USDA 76 and 94 Other commercially available B. elkanii strains are U-1301 and L-1302 (eg Nitroagin® Optimize product from Novozymes Bio Como SA, Brazil or Nitrasec for soybeans from LAGE y Cia, Brazil). These strains are especially suitable for soybeans grown in Australia or South America, especially in Brazil.
[097] The present invention also relates to mixtures, wherein at least one biopesticide II is selected from Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) and further comprises a compound III, wherein compound III is selected from jasmonic acid or its salts or derivatives thereof including cis-jasmone, preferably methyl jasmonate or cis-jasmone.
[098] The present invention also relates to mixtures, in which the biopesticide II is selected from Bradyrhizobium sp. (Arachis) (B. sp. Arachis), which should describe the miscellaneous cowpea cross inoculation group that includes, inter alia, cowpea indigenous nodulating bacteria in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), sirathrum (Macroptilium atropurpureum), common bean - broad bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea). This mixture comprising B. sp. arachis as component (3) is especially suitable for use in peanut, cowpea, mung bean, moth bean, dune bean, rice bean, Serpent bean and Creeping vigna, in particular from groundnut.
[099] The B. sp. (Arachis) suitable and commercially available is CB1015 (= IITA 1006, USDA 3446 presumably originally harvested in India, from Australian Inoculants Research Group; see eg http://www.qaseeds.com.au/inoculant_applic.php ; Beltsville Rhizobium Culture Collection Catalog, March 1987 USDA-ARS ARS-30). These strains are especially suitable for peanuts grown in Australia, North or South America, especially in Brazil. Furthermore, the suitable strain is Bradyrhizobium sp. PNL01 (Becker Underwood; ISO Rep Marita McCreary, QC Manager Padma Somasageran, Identification Of Rhizobia Species That Can Establish Nitrogen-Fixing Nodules In Crotalaria Longirostrata, April 29, 2010, University of Massachusetts Amherst.: http://www.wpi. edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-042810- 163614/unrestricted/Bisson.Mason._Identification_of_Rhizobia_Species_That_c an_Establish_Nitrogen-Fixing_Nodules_in_Crotalia_Longirostrata.pdf).
[0100] The Bradyrhizobium.sp (Arachis) strains suitable and commercially available, especially for cowpea and peanuts, but also for soybeans are Bradyrhizobium SEMIA 6144, SEMIA 6462 (= BR 3267) and SEMIA 6464 (= BR 3262) (deposited in FEPAGRO-MIRCEN, R. Gonçalves Dias, 570 Porto Alegre - RS, 90130-060, Brazil; see, for example, FEMS Microbiology Letters (2010) 303 (2), 123-131; Brazilian Journal of Soil Science (2011) 35 (3); 739-742, ISSN 0100-0683).
[0101] The present invention also relates to mixtures in which at least one biopesticide II is selected from Bradyrhizobium sp. (Arachis) and further comprises a compound IV (component 4), wherein compound IV is selected from jasmonic acid or its salts or derivatives including cis-jasmone, preferably, methyl-jasmonate or cis-jasmone.
[0102] The present invention also relates to mixtures, in which at least one biopesticide II is selected from Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupino) (also called B. Lupini, B. lupines or Rhizobium Lupini). This mixture is especially suitable for use on dry beans and lupines.
[0103] The commercially available and suitable B. Lupini strain is LL13 (isolated from Lupinus iuteus Nodules from French soils; deposited at INRA, Dijon and Angers, France; http://agriculture.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/ch20060216. pdf). This strain is especially suitable for lupines grown in Australia, North America or Europe, especially in Europe.
[0104] Also suitable commercially available B. Lupini strains WU425 (isolated in Esperance, Western Australia from a non-Australian legume Ornthopus compressus), WSM4024 (isolated from lupines in Australia by CRS during a 2005 survey) and WSM471 ( isolated from Ornithopus pinnatus in Oyster Harbour, Western Australia) are described, for example, in Palta JA Berger and JB (eds), 2008, Proceedings 12th International Lupine Conference, 14-18 September 2008, Fremantle, Western Australia. International Lupin Association, Canterbury, New Zealand, 47-50, ISBN 0-86476-153-8:http://www.lupins.org/pdf/conference/2008/Agronomy%20and%20Production/ John%20Howieson%20and% 20G%20OHara.pdf; Appl Environ Microbiol (2005) 71, 7041-7052 and Australian J. Exp. Agricult. (1996) 36 (1), 63-70.
[0105] The present invention also relates to mixtures in which at least one biopesticide III is selected from Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupini) (B. Lupini) and further comprises a compound IV, wherein compound IV is selected from jasmonic acid or its salts or derivatives thereof including cis-jasmone, preferably, methyl-jasmonate or cis-jasmone .
[0106] The present invention also relates to mixtures, in which at least one biopesticide III is selected from Mesorhizobium sp. (i.e. any Mesorhizobium species and/or strain), most preferably Mesorhizobium Ciceri. These blends are particularly suitable for cowpea.
[0107] The M. sp. suitable and commercially available, for example, are M. ciceri CC1192 (UPM = 848, CECT 5549; from the Horticulture Research Station, Gosford, Australia; harvested in Israel from Cicer arietinum nodules; Can J Microbial (2002) 48, 279-284) and Mesorhizobium sp. WSM1271 (harvested in Sardinia, Italy, from host vegetable Biserrula pelecinus), WSM 1497 (harvested in Mykonos, Greece, from host vegetable Biserrula pelecinus), strains M. loti CC829 (commercial inoculant of Lotus pedunculatus and L . ulginosus in Australia, isolated from L. ulginosus nodules in the US) and SU343 (commercial inoculant for Lotus corniculatus in Australia; isolated from host nodules in the US) all of which are deposited in Australian Soil Microbiology (WSM) Western culture collection, Australia and/or collection CSIRO (CC), Canberra, Australian Capirtal Rerritory (see, for example, Soil Biol Biochem (2004) 36 (8), 1,309-1,317; Plant and Soil (2011) 348 (1-2), 231- 243).
[0108] Suitable commercially available M. Loti strains, for example, are M. CC829 Loti for Lotus pedunculatus.
[0109] The present invention also relates to mixtures in which at least one biopesticide III is selected from Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lupini) (B. Lupini) and further comprises a compound IV, wherein compound IV is selected from jasmonic acid or its salts or derivatives thereof including cis-jasmone, preferably, methyl-jasmonate or cis-jasmone .
[0110] The present invention also relates to mixtures in which at least one biopesticide III is selected from Mesorhizobium huakuii, also referred to as Rhizobium huakuii (see, for example, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2011, 77 (15) ), 5,513-5,516). These blends are particularly suitable in Astralagus, for example, Astalagus sinicus (Chinese milkwetch), Thermopsis, for example, Thermopsis luinoides (Goldenbanner) and the like.
[0111] The suitable commercially available M. huakuii strain is HN3015 which was isolated from Astralagus sinicus in a rice growing field in South China (see, for example, Mundial J. Microbiol. Biotechn. (2007) 23 (6 ), 845-851, ISSN 0959-3993).
[0112] The present invention also relates to mixtures in which at least one biopesticide III is selected from Mesorhizobium huakuii and further comprises a compound IV, wherein compound IV is selected from jasmonic acid or salts or its derivatives including cis-jasmone, preferably methyl jasmonate or cis jasmone.
[0113] The present invention also relates to mixtures, in which at least one biopesticide III is selected from Azospirillum amazonense, A. brasilense, A. lipoferum, A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, more preferably, a from A. brasilense, in particular, selected from strains A. brasilense BR 11005 (SP 245) and AZ39 that are commercially used in Brazil and are obtained from EMBRAPA, Brazil. These blends are particularly suitable for soy vegetables.
[0114] Humates are humic and fulvic acids extracted from a form of brown coal and clay, known as leonardite. Humic acids are organic acids that occur in humus and other organically derived materials such as peat and certain soft coals. They have been shown to increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilizer and micronutrient uptake by vegetables, as well as aiding in the development of the plant's root system.
[0115] Jasmonic acid salts (jasmonate) or derivatives include, without limitation, salts of jasmonate, potassium jasmonate, sodium jasmonate, lithium jasmonate, ammonium jasmonate, dimethylammonium jasmonate, isopropylammonium jasmonate, diolammonium jasmonate, diettriethanolammonium jasmonate, jasmonic acid methyl ester, jasmonic amide acid, methylamide jasmonic acid, jasmonic acid-L-amino acid conjugated (amide bond) (eg those conjugates with L-isoleucine, L-valine, L- leucine or L-phenylalanine), 12-oxo-phtodienoic acid, coronatine, coronafacoyl-L-serine, coronafacoyl-L-threonine, 1-oxo-indanoyl-isoleucine methyl esters, 1-oxo-indanoyl-methyl esters leucine, coronalon pentanoic acid methyl ester (2-[(6-ethyl-1-oxo-indan-4-carbonyl)-amino]-3-methyl), linoleic acid or its derivatives and cis-jasmone, or combinations of any of the above.
[0116] According to another embodiment, the present invention relates to mixtures comprising, as active components (1) the strain Bacillus subtilis FB17, or a cell-free extract thereof or at least one metabolite thereof, and/ or a mutant of Bacillus subtilis FB17 that has all of its identifying characteristics, or extract of the mutant; - and (2) at least one pesticide II selected from the groups (A') to (N') as defined herein; - and (3) at least one biopesticide III, selected from groups (S') to (T'): (A') Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense activating activity: Ampelomyces quisqualis, M-10, Aspergillus flavus NRRL membership number. 21882, Aureobasidium pullulans DSM 14940, A. pullulans DSM 14941, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (NRRL B-50614), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (NRRL B-50615), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618) , B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B-50619), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B-50620), B. amyloliquefaciens TI-45 (CNCM I 3800, NCBI 1,091,041), B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B-50595), B. mojavensis AP-209 (NRRL No. B-50616), B. pumilus INR-7 (also referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B -50185)), B. pumilus KFP9F, B. pumilus QST 2808 (NRRL B 30087), B. pumilus GHA 180, B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50340), B. solisalsi AP-217 (NRRL B-50617 ), B. subtilis CX-9060, B. subtilis GB03, B. subtilis GB07, B. subtilis QST-713 (NRRL B-21661), B. subtilis MBI600 (NRRL B-50595), B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens FZB23, B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens D747, Candida oleophila I-82, C. oleophila O, C. saitoana, Clavibacter michiganensis (bacteriophages), Coniothyrium minitans CON / M / 91-08, Cryphonectria parasitica, Cryptococcus albidus, Fusarium oxysporum, Clonostachy. catenulata J1446 (also called Gliocladium catenulatum), Gliocladium roseum 321U, Metschnikowia fructicola, Microdochium dimerum, PaeniBacillus polymyxa PKB1 (ATCC No. 202127), Pantoea agglomerans C91, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Pseudochium dimerum, Pseudochium dimerum, PaeniBacillus polymyxa PKB1 (ATCC No. 202127). Streptomyces lvdicus WYEC 108, S. violaceusniger XL-2, S. violaceusniger YCED-9, Talaromyces flavus V117b, Trichoderma asperellum T34, T. asperellum SKT-1, T. atroviride LC52, T. fertil JM41R, T. gamsii harmatum TH 382, T. harzianum TH-35, T. harzianum T-22, T. harzianum T-39; mixture of T. harzianum and T. viride ICC012 ICC080; mixture of T. polysporum and T. harzianum; T. stromaticum, T. virens (also called Gliocladium virens) GL-21, T. virens G41, T. viride TV1, Typhula phacorrhiza 94671, Ulocladium oudema, U. oudemansii HRU3, Verticillium dalia, yellow mosaic zucchini virus (strain non-virulent); (B') Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense activating activity: chitosan (hydrolysis), jasmonic acid or salts or its derivatives, laminarin, Menhaden fish oil, natamycin, Plum virus coated protein pox, Reynoutria sachlinensis extract, salicylic acid, tea tree oil; (C’) Microbial pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal and/or nematicidal activity: Bacillus firmus St 1582, B. thuringiensis ssp. israelensis SUM-6218, B.t. ssp. galleriae SDS-502, B.t. ssp. kurstaki, Beauveria bassiana GHA, B. bassiana H123, B. bassiana DSM 12256, B. bassiana PRPI 5339, Burkholderia sp. A396, Chromobacterium subtsugae PRAA4-1T, Cydia pomonella granulose V22 isolated virus, Isaria fumosorosea Apopka-97, Lecanicillium longisporum KV42, L. longisporum KV71, L. muscarium (formerly Verticillium lecanii), Metarhizium anisopliae FI-985 1045, M. anisopliae F52, M. anisopliae ICIPE 69, M. anisopliae var. acridum IMI 330189, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus FE 9901, P. lilacinus DSM 15169, P. lilacinus BCP2, Paenibacillus poppiliae Dutky-1940 (NRRL B-2309 = ATCC 14706), P. poppiliae KLN 3, P. poppiliae Dutkys 1, Pasteuria. Ph3, P. Nishizawae PN-1, P. reneformis Pr-3, P. usagae, Pseudomonas fluorescens CL 145A, Steinernema feltiae, Streptomces galbus; (D') Biochemical pesticides with insecticidal, acaricide, molluscidal, pheromone and/or nematicide activity: L-carvone, citral, acid (E,Z)-7,9-di-ethyl dodecadien-1-yl, ethyl formate, (E,Z)-2,4-ethyl decadienoate (pear ester), (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal, heptyl butyrate, isopropyl myristate, lavanulil senecioate, 2-methyl- 1-butanol, methyl eugenol, methyl jasmonate, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol, acetate (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z) -3,13- octadecadien-1-ol, R-1-octen-3-ol, pentatermanone, potassium silicate, sorbitol actanoate, acetate (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11-tetradecatrienyl, acetate ( Z,E)-9,12-tetradecen-1-yl, Z-7-tetradecen-2-one, Z-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, Z-11-tetradecenal, Z-11-tetradecen-1- ol, grapefruit seed extract and cellulose, Chenopodium ambrosiodae extract, catnip oil, Neem oil, Tagetes oil; (E') Microbial pesticides with plant strain reduction, growth regulator, plant growth promoter and/or yield enhancement activity: Azospirillum amazonense BR 11140 (SpY2T), A. brasilense XOH, A. brasilense BR 11005 (Sp245), A. brasilense BR 11002, A. lipoferum BR 11646 (Sp31), A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna), B. japonicum USDA 3, B. japonicum USDA 31, B. japonicum USDA 76, B. japonicum USDA 110, B. japonicum USDA 121, Glomus intraradices RTI-801, PaeniBacillus alvei NAS6G6, Penicillium bilaiae, Rhizobium legumes bv. phaseolii, R.l. trifolii, R.1. bv. viciae, Sinorhizobium meliloti; (F') Biochemical pesticides with plant strain reduction activity, growth regulator and/or yield enhancement: abscisic acid, aluminum silicate (kaolin), 3-decen-2-one, homobrassinolide, humates, indole acid -3-acetic acid, ethanolamine lysophosphatidyl, polymeric polyhydroxy acid, salicylic acid, Ascophyllum nodosum extract (Norwegian seaweed, Brown seaweed) and Ecklonia maxima extract (algae).
[0117] According to another embodiment, the mixture comprises as component (3) a group (O) biopesticide, preferably selected from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (NRRL B-50614), B. amyloliquefaciens AP- 188 (NRRL B-50615), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B-50619), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B-50620), B. amyloliquefaciens TI-45 (CNCM I-3800, NCBI 1091041), B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B-50595), B. mojavensis AP-209 (NRRL No. B-50616), B. pumilus INR-7 (also referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B -50185)), B. pumilus KFP9F, B. pumilus QST 2808 (NRRL B 30087), B. pumilus GHA 180, B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50340), B. solisalsi AP-217 (NRRL B-50617 ), B. subtilis CX-9060, B. subtilis GB03, B. subtilis GB07, B. subtilis QST-713 (NRRL B-21661), B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens FZB23, B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens D747, PaeniBacillus alvei NAS6G6, PaeniBacillus polymyxa PKB1 (ATCC No. 202.127), Sphaerodes mycoparasitica IDAC 301008-01 and Trichoderma fertil JM41R, most preferably from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B amylo14 AP-5-136 (NRfaciens BRL-136) (NRfaciens AP-5-136). -188 (NRRL B-50615), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B-50619), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B-50620), B. amyloliquefaciens TI-45 (CNCM I-3800, NCBI 1,091,041), B. mojavensis AP-209 (NRRL No. B-50616), B. pumilus INR-7 (also referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B-50185)), B. pumilus QST 2808 (NRRL B 30087), B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50340), B. subtilis QST-713 (NRRL B-21661), B. subtilis MBI600 (NRRL B-50595), Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6, Sphaerodes mycoparasitica IDAC 301008-01 and Trichoderma fertil JM41R.
[0118] According to another embodiment, the mixture comprises as component (3) a biopesticide from group (P), preferably selected from chitosan (hydrolysis), methyl-jasmonate, cis-jasmone, laminarin, Reynoutria sachlinensis extract and tea tree oil.
[0119] According to another embodiment, the mixture comprises as component (3) a biopesticide from group (Q), preferably selected from Bacillus firmus St 1582, Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki SB4, Beauveria bassiana GHA, B. bassiana H123, B. bassiana DSM 12256, B. bassiana PRPI 5339, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum IMI 330189, M. anisopliae FI-985, M. anisopliae FI-1045, M. anisopliae F52, M. anisopliae ICIPE 69, Paecilomyces lilacinus DSM 15169, P. lilacinus BCP2, Paenibacillus poppiliae Dutky-1940 (NRRL B-2309 = ATCC 14706), P. poppiliae KLN 3 and P. poppiliae Dutky 1, even more preferably from Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki SB4 B. bassiana DSM 12256, B. bassiana PRPI 5339, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum IMI 330189, M. anisopliae FI-985, M. anisopliae FI-1045, Paecilomyces lilacinus DSM 15169, P. lilacinus BCP2, Paenibacillus poppiliae Dutky-1940 (NRRL B-2309 = ATCC 14706), P. poppiliae KLN 3 and P . poppiliae Dutky 1.
[0120] According to another embodiment, the mixture comprises as component (3) a biopesticide from group (R), preferably selected from methyl jasmonate, black acacia extract, grapefruit seed extract and cellulose , Catnip Oil, Neem Oil, Quillay Extract and Tagetes Oil.
[0121] According to another embodiment, the mixture comprises as component (3) a biopesticide from the group (S), preferably selected from Azospirillum amazonense BR 11140 (SpY2T), A. brasilense XOH, A. brasilense BR 11005 (Sp245), A. brasilense BR 11002, A. lipoferum BR 11646 (Sp31), A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (NRRL B-50614), Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna), B. japonicum USDA 3, B. japonicum USDA 31, B. japonicum USDA 76, B. japonicum USDA 110, B. japonicum USDA 121, Glomus intraradices RTI-801, PaeniBacillus alvei NAS6G6, Penicillium bilaiae, Rhizobium legvium . phaseoli, R.l. trifolii, R.1. bv. viciae, and Sinorhizobium meliloti, most preferably selected from Azospirillum brasilense 11005 BR (Sp245), Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna), B. japonicum USDA 3, B. japonicum USDA 31, B. japonicum USDA 76, B. japonicum USDA 110, B. japonicum USDA 121, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, R.l. trifolii, R.1. bv. viciae, and Sinorhizobium meliloti.
[0122] According to another embodiment, the mixture comprises as component (3) a biopesticide from the group (T), preferably selected from abscisic acid, aluminum silicate (kaolin), humates, indole acid- 3-acetic acid, Ascophyllum nodosum extract (Norwegian seaweed, brown seaweed) and Ecklonia maxima extract (algae).
[0123] The mixtures of the present invention comprise as biopesticide III a microbial pesticide from groups (O), Q) and (S) can be formulated as an inoculant for a vegetable. The term "inoculant" means a preparation that includes an isolated culture of a microbial pesticide and, optionally, a vehicle, which may include a biologically acceptable medium.
[0124] The microbial pesticides mentioned above can be isolated or substantially purified. The terms "isolated" or "substantially purified" refer to microbial pesticides that have been taken from the natural environment and have been isolated or separated, and which are at least 60% free, preferably at least 75% free, and more preferably at least 90% free, more preferably at least 95% free, and most preferably at least 100% free from other components with which they have been naturally associated. The term "isolated culture" refers to a culture of the microbial pesticides, which does not include a significant amount of other materials, such as other materials that are normally found in the natural habitat in which the microbial pesticides grow and/or from which the microbial pesticides grow. microbial pesticides can usually be obtained. The term "isolated culture" may be a culture that does not include any other biological microorganism and/or bacterial species in sufficient quantity to interfere with the replication of an "isolated culture." Isolated cultures of microbial pesticides can be combined to prepare a mixed culture of microbial pesticides.
[0125] At present, microbial pesticides can be provided in any physiological state as active or inactive. Inactive microbial pesticides can be provided, for example, frozen, dried, or lyophilized or partially desiccated (procedures for the production of partially desiccated organisms are provided in WO 2008/002371) or in the form of spores.
[0126] The mixtures and compositions, according to the present invention, are suitable as fungicides. They are distinguished by excellent efficacy against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, including soil fungi, which are mainly derived from the classes of Plasmodiophoromycetes, Peronosporomycetes (syn. Oomycetes), Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes (Deuteromycetes) . Fungi imperfecti). Some are systemically effective and can be used in crop protection, such as foliar fungicides, seed treatment fungicides and soil fungicides. Furthermore, they are suitable for combating harmful fungi, which occur, inter alia, in wood or in plant roots.
[0127] The mixtures and compositions, according to the present invention, are particularly important for the control of a variety of pathogenic fungi in various crop plants, such as cereals, for example, wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; sugar beet, for example sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or currants; legumes, such as lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans; oleaginous vegetables such as rapeseed, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoa, castor oil vegetables, palm oil, peanuts or soybeans; cucurbits, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melon; fiber vegetables such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit and mandarins; vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, pumpkins or paprika; lauraceous vegetables such as avocado, cinnamon or camphor; vegetables for raw materials and energy, such as corn, soy, rapeseed, sugar cane or palm oil; corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; the vines (table grapes and grape vine juice); hop; lawn; natural rubber vegetables or ornamental and forestry vegetables, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved or evergreen trees, for example, conifers, and in vegetable propagation material such as seeds, and culture material of these vegetables.
[0128] Preferably, the mixtures and compositions of the present invention are used to control a wide variety of fungi in crops, such as potatoes, sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soy, rapeseed, vegetables, sunflower, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vineyards; ornamental vegetables; or vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or pumpkins.
[0129] The term "vegetable propagation material" is to be understood as denoting all generative parts of the vegetable, such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as grafts and tubers (eg potatoes), which can be used for vegetable multiplication. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, stems, shoots and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which will be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the ground.
[0130] Preferably, the treatment of plant propagation materials with the mixtures of the present invention and the compositions of the present invention, respectively, are used for the control of a multiplicity of fungi in cereals, such as wheat, rye, barley and oats; rice, corn, cotton and soybeans.
[0131] The term “cultivated vegetables” is to be understood to include plants that have been modified through reproduction, mutagenesis or genetic engineering, including, but not limited to agricultural biotech products on the market or under development (cf. http://cera - gmc.org/, see GM crop database). Genetically modified plants are plants in which the genetic material has been modified in this way, through the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot easily be obtained through cross-breeding, mutations or natural recombination. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant to improve certain properties of the plant. These genetic modifications include, but are not limited to, target post-transitional modification of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides, for example, through glycosylation or polymer additions such as the prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated portions of PEG.
[0132] The mixtures and compositions of the present invention are especially suitable for the control of the following plant diseases: - Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamental vegetables, legumes (eg A. Candida) and sunflowers (eg A. tragopogonis); Alternaria spec. (Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, rapeseed (A. brassicola or brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits, rice, soybeans, potatoes (eg A. solani or A. alternata), tomatoes (eg , A. solani or A. alternata) and wheat; Aphanomyces spp. in sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. in cereals and vegetables, for example, A. tritici (anthracnose) in wheat and A. hordei in barley; Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp) corn (eg D. maydis), cereals (eg B. sorokiniana: brown spot), rice (eg B. oryzae) and lawns; Blumeria (formerly Erysiphe) graminis (powdery mildew) in cereals (eg wheat or barley); Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana: gray mould) on fruits and berries (eg strawberries), vegetables (eg lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbage), rapeseed, flowers, vines, forest vegetables and wheat; Bremia lactucae (mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (rot or wilt) on broad-leaved and evergreen trees, eg C. ulmi (Dutch elm disease) on elm trees; Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spots) on maize, rice, sugar beets (eg C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (eg C. sojina or C. kikuchii) and rice; Cladosporium spp. in tomatoes (eg C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, eg C. herbarum (black dot) in wheat; Claviceps purpurea (ergot) in cereals; Cochliobolus (anamorph: Helminthosporium of Bipolaris) spp. (leaf spots) on corn (C. carbonum), cereals (eg C. sativus, anamorph: B. sorokiniana) and rice (eg C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae); Colletotrichum (teleomorph: Glomerella) spp. (anthracnose) in cotton (eg, C. gossypii), corn (eg, C. graminicola: anthracnose stalk rot), soft fruits, potatoes (eg, C. coccodes: black dots), beans (eg, C. Iindemuthianum) and soybeans (for example, C. truncatum or C. gloeosporioides); Corticium spp., for example, C. sasakii (sheath pest) on rice; Corynespora cassiicola (leaf spots) on soybean and ornamental vegetables; Cycloconium spp., for example, C. oleaginum on olive trees; Cylindrocarpon spp. (eg fruit tree stone or young vine decline, teleomorph: Nectria or Neonectria spp.) on fruit trees, vineyards (eg C. liriodendri, teleomorph: Neonectria liriodendri: Black foot disease) and ornamental vegetables ; Dematophora (teleomorph: Rosellinia) necatrix (root and stem rot) in soybean; Diaporthe spp., for example, D. phaseolorum (fall) on soybeans; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora) spp. in corn, cereals such as barley (eg D. teres, reticular spot) and wheat (eg D. triticirepentis: brown spot), rice and peat; Esca (perishing, apoplexy) in vines, caused by Formitiporia (syn. Phellinus) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (formerly Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum), Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and/or Botryosphaeria obtusa; Elsinoe spp. in pome fruits (E. Piri.), soft fruits (E. veneta: anthracnose) and vines (E. ampelina: anthracnose); Entiloma oryzae (leaf charcoal) in rice; Epicoccum spp. (black mold) in wheat; Erysiphe spp. (powdery mildew) on sugar beet (E. betae.), vegetables (eg E. Pisi), such as cucurbits (eg E. cichoracearum), cabbage, rapeseed (eg E. cruciferarum); Eutypa lata (perishing or Eutypa stone, anamorph: Cytosporina lata, syn Libertella blepharis) in fruit trees, vines and ornamental groves; Exserohilum (syn. Helminthosporium) spp. in corn (eg E. turcicum); Fusarium (teleomorph: Gibberella) spp. (deterioration, root or stem rot) on various vegetables, such as F. graminaarum or F. culmorum (root, scab or crown rot) on cereals (eg wheat or barley), F. oxisporum on tomatoes, F. solani in soybean and F. verticillioides in corn; Gaeumannomyces graminis (all) in cereals (eg wheat or barley) and maize; Gibberella spp. in cereals (eg G. zeae) and rice (eg G. fujikuroi: Bakanae disease); Glomerella cingulata on vines, pome fruit and other vegetables and G. gossypii on cotton; complex grain color in rice; Guignardia bidwellii (black rot) on vines; Gymnosporangium spp. on pink and juniper vegetables, for example, G. sabinae (rust) on pears; Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) in maize, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., for example, H. vastatrix (coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopsis clavispora (syn. Cladosporium vitis) on vines; Macrophomina phaseolina (syn. phaseoli). (root and stem rot) in soybeans and cotton; Microdochium (syn. Fusarium) nivale (snow pink mold) in cereals (eg wheat or barley); Microsphaera diffusa (powdery mildew) in soybean; Monilinia spp., for example M. laxa, M. fructicola and M. fructigena (flower and branch rust, brown rot) on stone fruits and other pink vegetables; Mycosphaerella spp. in cereals, bananas, soft fruits and ground nuts, such as, for example, M. graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria spot) in wheat; Peronospora spp. (mildew) in cabbage (eg P. brassicae), rapeseed (eg P. parasitica), onions (eg P. destructor), tobacco (P. tabacina) and soybeans (eg P. manshurica) ; Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae (soybean rust) on soybean; Phialophora spp., for example, on vines (eg P. tracheiphila and P. tetraspora) and soybeans (eg P. gregata: rot); Phoma lingam (root and stem rot) on rapeseed and cabbage and P. betae (root rot, leaf spot and falling) on sugar beet; Phomopsis spp. in sunflowers, vines (eg, P. viticola: leaf spot) and soybeans (eg, stem rot: P. phaseoli, teleomorph: Diaporthe phaseolorum); Physoderma maydis (brown spots) on corn; Phytophthora spp. (deterioration, rotting of roots, leaves, fruits and stem) in various vegetables such as paprika and cucurbits (eg P. capsici), soybeans (eg P. megasperma, syn. P. soybeane), potatoes and tomatoes (eg P. infestans: late blight) and broad-leaved trees (eg P. ramorum: sudden death of the oak); Plasmodiophora brassicae (trunk root) in cabbage, rape, radish and other vegetables; Plasmopara spp., eg P. viticola (vine mildew) on vines and P. halstedii on sunflowers; Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) in pink vegetables, hops, pome and soft fruits, for example, P. leucotricha on apples, Polymyxa spp., for example, in cereals such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and sugar beet (P. betae) and, therefore, communicable viral diseases; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (ocele, teleomorph: Tapesia yallundae) on cereals, eg wheat or barley; Pseudoperonospora (mildew) on various vegetables, for example, P. cubensis on cucurbits or P. humili on hops; Pseudopezicula tracheiphila (red fire disease or brenner rot, anamorph: Phialophora) on vines; Puccinia spp. (rusts) on various vegetables, eg P. triticina (brown or leaf rust), P. striiformis (stripe or yellow rust), P. hordei (dwarf rust), P. graminis (black or stem rust) or P. recondita (brown or leaf rust) on cereals such as, for example, wheat, barley or rye, and asparagus (for example, P. asparagi); Pyrenophora (anamorph: Drechslera) tritici-repentis (brown spot) on wheat or P. Feres (reticular spot) on barley; Piricularia spp., for example, P. oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea, blast) on rice and P. grisea on turfgrass and cereals; Pythium spp. (bump) in lawn, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, sugar beet, legumes and other vegetables (eg, P. ultimum or P. aphanidermatum); Ramularia spp., for example, R. collocygni (Ramularia leaf spots, physiological leaf spots) on barley and R. beticola on sugar beet; Rhizoctonia spp. in cotton, rice, potato, grass, corn, rapeseed, potato, sugar beet, vegetables and various other vegetables, for example, R. solani (root and stem rot) in soybean, R. solani (sheath pest) in rice or R. cerealis (spring pest Rhizoctonia) on wheat or barley; Rhizopus stolonifer (black mold, soft rot) on strawberries, carrots, kale, vines and tomatoes; Rhynchosporium secalis (scald) on barley, rye and triticale; Sarocladium oryzae and S. attenuatum (sheath rot) on rice; Sclerotinia spp. (white rot or mold) in vegetables and crops such as rapeseed, sunflowers (for example S. sclerotiorum) and soybeans (for example S. rolfsii or S. sclerotiorum); Septoria spp. in several vegetables, for example, S. glycines (brown spot) on soybean, S. tritici (Septoria spot) on wheat and S. (syn. Stagonospora) nodorum (Stagonospora spot) on cereals; Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator (powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidium tuckeri) on vines; Setospaeria spp. (leaf pest) on maize (eg, S. turcicum, syn Helminthosporium turcicum.) and turfgrass; Sphacelotheca spp. (soot) on corn, (eg, S. reiliana: crown soot), sorghum and sugar cane; Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew) in cucurbits; Spongospora subterranea (scabies powder) on potatoes and communicable viral diseases; Stagonospora spp. in cereals, for example, S. nodorum (stain Stagonospora, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria [syn Phaeosphaeria.] nodorum) in wheat; Synchytrium endobioticum in potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., for example, T. deformans (leaf wrinkle disease) on peaches and T. pruni (plum pocket) on plums; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) in tobacco, pome fruit, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, eg T. basicola (syn. chalara elegans); Tilletia spp. (common or common weevil or stinking soot) on cereals such as, for example, T. tritici (syn. T. caries, wheat bulge) and T. controversa (dwarf bulge) on wheat; Typhula incarnata (snow gray mold) on barley or wheat; Urocystis. spp., for example, U. occulta (stem soot) on rye; Uromyces spp. (rust) on vegetables such as beans (eg U. appendiculatus, syn U. phaseoli.) on sugar beet (eg U. betae); Ustilago spp. (loose soot) on cereals (eg, U. nuda and U. avaenae), on corn (eg, U. maydis: corn soot) and sugarcane; Venturia spp. (scabies) on apples (eg V. inaequalis) and pears; and Verticillium spp. (wilt) in various vegetables such as ornamental fruits and vegetables, vines, soft fruits, vegetables and crops, for example V. dahliae in strawberries, rapeseed, potatoes and tomatoes.
[0133] Bacteria pathogenic to plants are responsible for devastating losses in agriculture. The use of antibiotics to control these infections is restricted in many countries due to concerns about the evolution and transmission of antibiotic resistance.
[0134] The mixtures and compositions, according to the present invention, are also suitable as bactericides. They are distinguished by excellent efficacy against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic bacteria, including soil bacteria, which are primarily derived from the genera of Agrobacterium, Clavibacter, Corynebacterium, Erwinia, Leifsonia, Pectobacterium, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Xanthomonas (eg, Xanthomonas oryzae causing bacterial stain on rice) and Xylella; preferably Erwinia; more preferably, Erwinia amylovora causing fire blight on apples, pears and other members of the Rosaceae family.
[0135] In particular, the mixtures and compositions of the present invention are effective against plant pathogens in special crops, such as vines, fruits, hops, tobacco and vegetables.
[0136] The mixtures and their compositions according to the present invention, respectively, are also suitable for combating harmful fungi in the protection of stored products or crops and in the protection of materials. The term "materials protection" should be understood to indicate the protection of technical and non-living materials, such as adhesives, glues, wood, paper and cardboard, textiles, leather, paint dispersions, plastics, cooling lubricants, fiber or tissues, against infestation and destruction by harmful microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. Regarding the protection of wood and other materials, special attention is given to the following harmful fungi: Ascomycetes, such as Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Aureobasidium pullulans., Sclerophoma spp., Chaetomium spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp. , Trichurus spp., Basidiomycetes such as Coniophora spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophillum spp., Lentinus spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp. and Tyromyces spp., Deuteromycetes such as Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp., Alternaria spp., Paecilomyces spp. and Zygomycetes, such as Mucor spp., and in addition, in protecting stored products and cultures, the following yeast fungi are of note: Candida spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
[0137] The mixtures and compositions, according to the present invention, are especially important for the control of a wide variety of insects and other phytopathogenic pests (for example, lepidopterans, beetles, dipterans, thrips, heteroptera, hemiptera, homoptera, termites, orthoptera, arachnids and nematodes) on various crop vegetables such as cereals, for example wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beets, for example, such as cereals, for example wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; sugar beet, for example sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or currants; legumes, such as lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans; oleaginous vegetables such as rapeseed, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoa, castor oil vegetables, palm oil, peanuts or soybeans; cucurbits, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melon; fiber vegetables such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit and mandarins; vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, pumpkins or paprika; lauraceous vegetables such as avocado, cinnamon or camphor; vegetables for raw materials and energy, such as corn, soy, rapeseed, sugar cane or palm oil; corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; the vines (table grapes and grape vine juice); hop; lawn; natural rubber vegetables or ornamental and forestry vegetables, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved or evergreen trees, for example, conifers, and in vegetable propagation material such as seeds, and culture material of these vegetables.
[0138] Preferably, the mixtures and compositions of the present invention are used to control a variety of pests on crops, such as potato, sugar beet, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton , soy, rapeseed, vegetables, sunflower, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vineyards; ornamental vegetables; or vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or pumpkins.
[0139] The mixtures of the present invention and their compositions, respectively, are especially suitable for the control of the following insects of the order of - Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera), for example, Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gamma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatramoea evellius, ev. Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Grapholitha molesta, Heliothis armigera, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis zea, Hellula undalis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella coffee, Lithocolla physella, Lemcholan physcellaria, Lamthocolla phys. , Lobesia b otrana, Loxostege sticticalis, Lymantria dispar, Lymantria monacha, Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Orgyia pseudotsugata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma citaucia, Phalethorpenia bucephala, Phalethorima phylla, Phalethorimae bucephala Plutella xylostella, Pseudoplusia includens, Rhyacionia frustrana, ScrobipalpulaAbsolute, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridanaensis, Trichoplusia canniad; - beetles (Coleoptera), for example, Agrilus sinuatus, Agriyotes lineatus, Agriyotes obscurus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Atomaria linearis, Blastophagus piniperda, Blitochuctis undata, Brus rufiman betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Ceuthorrhynchus Assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibialis, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Diabrotica longicornis, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica 12-punctata, Diabrotica 12-punctata, Diabrotica Euthropenis, Dibophilus virgifera abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lemma bilineata, Lemma melanopus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Limonius californicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastanus sululethae orrhyntiova, Orrhyntiova , Phaedon coch-leariae, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp., Phyllophaga cuyabana, Phyllophaga triticophaga, Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitona lineatus, e.g. vexans, Anastrepha ludens, Anopheles maculipennis, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya hominivorax, Chrysomya macellaria, Contarinia sorghicola, Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex pipiens, Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dacus oleae, Dacus oleae, Glosineuras caniculares irritais, intestinal, intestinal, canineuras, intestinal, intestinal, intestinal Haplodiplosis equestris, Hylemyia platura, Hypoderma lineata, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mayetiola destructor, Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans, Oestrus ovis, Pcinmhorbia antiquaca , Phorbia coarctata, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagole tis pomonella, Tabanus bovinus, Tipula oleracea and Tipula paludosa, thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Dichromothrips corbetti, Dichromothrips ssp., Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips citri, Thrips occidentalis - hymenoptera (Hymenoptera), for example, Acromyrmex ambuguus, Acromyrmex crassispinus, Acromyrmex heiery, Acromyrmex landolti, Acromyrmex subterraneus, Athalia rosae, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta cephalotes, Hottacampa mininavi testudinea, Monomorium pharaonis, Solenopsis geminata and Solenopsis invicta, - heteropters (Heteroptera), eg Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Eurysdercus sputum, Eus. , Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nezara viridula, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus guildini, Solubea insularis and Thyanta perditor, - Hemiptera and Homoptera, for example, Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Diaphorina citri, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Eurygaster integriceps, Eurygaster integriceps, Lyrissus phystus impiceptollus line Nezara viridula, Piesma quadrata, Solubea insularis, Thyanta perditor, Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis grossulare, Aphisphium Aphisphium , Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dyyaphius, Dyyaphius, Dycolaphius, Dycolaphius, Dycolaphius, Dyyaphial pruni, Hyperomyzu s lactucae , Macrosiphum avenae , Macrosiphum euphorbiae , Macrosiphon rosae , Megoura viciae , Melanaphis pyrarius , Metopolophium dirhodum , Myzodes persicae , Myzus ascalonicus , Myzus cerasi , Myzus varians , Nasonigunaphis , buris sacchari s , P. Psylla mali, Psylla piri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mali, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae, Trialeurodi- lis, hempular, Trialeurodevixus hempular, Trialeurodevixum , Triatoma spp., and Arilus critatus, - termites (Isoptera), for example, Calotermes flavicollis, Cornitermes cumulans, Heterotermes tenuis, Leucotermes flavipes, Neocapritemes opacus, Procornitermes triacifer; Reticulitermes lucifugus, Syntermes molestus, and Termes natalensis, - orthoptera (Orthoptera), e.g., Acheta domestica, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Forficula auricularia, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus, Melanoplus femurcan spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca peregrina, Stauronotus maroccanus and Tachycines asynamorus, - arachnoidea, such as arachnids, for example, from the families of Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, Amblyomma american, such as ambb persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ornithodorus moubata, Otobius meubata, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Esrhipicephale, Rhipicephale, and appendiculus. such as Aculus schlechtendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora and Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp. such as Phytonemus pallidus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuipalpidae spp. such as Brevipalpus phoenicis; Tetranychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panonychus citri, and Oligonychus pratensis.
[0140] In particular, the mixtures of the present invention are suitable for combating parasites of the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Isoptera, and Orthoptera.
[0141] They are also suitable for the control of the following plant parasitic nematodes, such as root nodule nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and other species Meloidogyne; cyst nematodes, Globodera Rostochiensis, Globodera pallida, Globodera tabacum and other species of Globodera, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera species; seed-knot nematodes, Angina funesta, Angina tritici and other Angina species; trunk and leaf nematodes, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Aphelenchoides fragariae, Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi and other species of Aphelenchoides; stinger nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other species of Belonolaimus; pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xilophilus and other species of Bursaphelenchus; ring nematodes, Criconema species, Criconemella species, Criconemoides species, Mesocriconema species; stem and bulb nematodes, Ditilenchus destructor, Ditilenchus dipsaci, Ditylenchus myceliophagus and other Ditylenchus species; burrowing nematodes, Dolichodorus species; spiral nematodes, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Heliocotilenchus multicinctus and other species of Helicotilenchus, Rotylenchus robustus and other species of Rotylenchus; sheath nematodes, Hemicycliophora species and Hemicriconemoides species; Hirshmanniella species; sandeel nematodes, Hoplolaimus Columbus, Hoplolaimus galeatus and other species of Hoplolaimus; false root nodule nematodes, Nacobbus aberrans and other Nacobbus species; needle nematodes, Longidorus elonga and other Longidorus species; pine nematodes, Paratylenchus species; lesion nematodes Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Pratylencus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus vulnus, Pratylenchus zeae and other species of Pratylenchus; Radinaphelenchus cocophilus and other species of Radinaphelenchus; burrowing nematodes, Radopholus similis and other Radopholus species; reniformes nematodes, Rotilenchus reniformes and other species of Rotilenchus; Scutellonema species; short root nematodes, Trichodorus primitivus and other Trichodorus species, Paratrichodorus species; inhibited nematodes, Tilenchorhynchus claytoni, Tilenchorhynchus dubius and other Tylenchorhynchus species and Merlinius species; citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus semipenetrans and other Tylenchulus species; style nematodes, Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema index, Xiphinema diversicaudatum and other species of Xiphinema; and other species of plant parasitic nematodes.
[0142] Plant propagation materials can be treated with the mixtures and compositions of the present invention, prophylactically or before planting or transplanting.
[0143] In particular, the present invention relates to a method for protecting plant propagation material against pests, wherein the plant propagation material is treated with an effective amount of a mixture of the present invention.
[0144] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for the protection of plant propagation material against animal pests (insects, mites or nematodes), in which the plant propagation material is treated with an amount of a mixture of the present invention.
[0145] In an equally preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for protecting plant propagation material against harmful fungi, wherein the plant propagation material is treated with an effective amount of a mixture of the present invention.
[0146] In general, the term "pesticide-effective amount" means the amount of the mixtures of the present invention or compositions comprising the mixtures necessary to achieve an observable effect on growth, including the effects of necrosis, death, delay, prevention and removing, destroying, or otherwise reducing the occurrence and activity of the target organism. The pesticide effective amount may vary for the different mixtures and/or compositions used in the present invention. A pesticide-effective amount of the mixtures and/or compositions will also vary according to prevailing conditions, such as the desired effect and duration of the pesticide, time, target species, locus, mode of application, and the like.
[0147] The term "plant health effective amount" indicates an amount of the mixtures of the present invention that is sufficient to achieve the synergistic effects of plant health as defined herein. More exemplary information on quantities, application forms and proportions suitable for use is provided below. In any case, the person skilled in the art is well aware of the fact that such an amount can vary over a wide range and depends on several factors, for example, the treated cultivated vegetable or material and climatic conditions.
[0148] Healthier vegetables are desired as they result, among others, in better yields and/or a better quality of vegetables or crops, specifically better quality of the cultivable parts of the vegetable. Healthier vegetables also resist biotic and/or abiotic stresses better. A high resistance against biotic stress, in turn, allows the person skilled in the art to reduce the amount of pesticides applied and, therefore, delay the development of resistances against the respective pesticides.
[0149] Therefore, it was an object of the present invention to provide a pesticide composition that solves the problems outlined above and that, in particular, should improve the health of vegetables, in particular the yield of vegetables.
[0150] The term "health of a plant" or "phytosanitary" is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products, which is determined through various aspects, alone or in combination with each other, such as increased yield, vegetable vigor, quality of the cultivable parts of the vegetable and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress.
[0151] It should be noted that the above-mentioned effects of the mixtures of the present invention, that is, the increase in the health of a vegetable, are also present when the vegetable is not under biotic stress and especially when the vegetable is not under pressure of pests.
[0152] For example, for seed treatment applications, it is evident that a vegetable suffering from fungi or insecticide attack shows reduced germination and emergence causing a weaker vegetable or establishment of culture and vigor and, consequently, to a yield reduced compared to a plant propagation material which has undergone curative or preventive treatment against the pest in question and which can grow without the damage caused by the biotic stress factor. However, the methods according to the present invention lead to enhanced plant health even in the absence of any biotic stress. This means that the positive effects of the mixtures of the present invention cannot be explained only by the fungicidal and/or insecticidal activities of the compounds (I) and (II), but are still based on the activity profiles. Consequently, the application of the mixtures of the present invention can also be carried out in the absence of pest pressure.
[0153] In an equally preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for improving the health of vegetables grown from said vegetable propagating material, wherein the vegetable propagating material is treated with an effective amount of a mixture of the present invention.
[0154] Mixtures comprising the Bacillus subtilis FB17 strain, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a Bacillus subtilis FB17 mutant that have all of its characteristics, or mutant extract, and at least one biopesticide II and its compositions, respectively, are also especially suitable for the control of the following insects of the order Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera), e.g. Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gamma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatramoea evellius, ev. Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Grapholitha molesta, Heliothis armigera, Heliothis viresce ns, Heliothis zea, Hellula undalis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lambdina fiscellaria, Laphygma exigua, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocolletis blancardella, Lobesia botr Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Orgyia pseudotsugata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pierisluticae, Pectinophora gossypiella, Plathypena scabra , Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia ni and Zeiraphera canadensis, - beetles (Coleoptera), e.g. spar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Atomaria linearis, Blastophagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bruchus rufimanus, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Ceuthorrhynchus tibideralis, Contourus Diabrotica longicornis , Diabrotica speciosa , Diabrotica 12-punctata , Diabrotica virgifera , Diloboderus abderus , Epilachna varivestis , Epitrix hirtipennis , Eutinobothrus brasiliensis , Hylobius abietis , Hypera brunneipennis , Hypera pustyra , Lema niclineus , Lema calitus , Ipso typica , Lema typica , Lema niclineus . Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oulema oryzae, Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oryazophagus oryzae, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Phaedon cochleariae, Phayllophagy, Phayllophaga, Phaedon cochleariae, phylophagy. la, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitona lineatus and Sitophilus Granaria, - Diptera (Diptera), e.g. Contarinia sorghicola, Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex pipiens, Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Fannia canicularis, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Glossina morsitans, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hylemyia cupura, Licilializa captura, Licilializa captura, Liciliamy linea, tripoderma , Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mayetiola destructor, Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans, Oestrus ovis, Oscinella frit, Pegomya hysocyami, Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassicae, Phorbia coarctata, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonula, Tipaceta, Tipace thrips (Thysanoptera), eg Frankliniella fusca, Franklinie lla occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci, - hymenoptera (Hymenoptera), e.g. , Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa testudinea, Monomorium pharaonis, Solenopsis geminata and Solenopsis invicta, - heteropters (Heteroptera), e.g. Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Euchisto heros, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nezara viridula, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus guildini, eg. Blissus leucopterus, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Diaphorina citri, Dysdercus cingulatu s, Dysdercus intermedius, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nezara viridula, Piesma quadrata, Solubea insularis, Thyanta perditor, Acyrthosiphon onobryphicis, Acyrthosiphon onobrychicis, Acyrthosiphon onobrychicis, Acyrphidicis, Acyrthosiphon onobrychicis lar, Adelphiicis Aphis gossypii, grossulariae Aphis Aphis schneideri, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aulacorthum solani, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, prunicola Brachycaudus, brassicae Brevicoryne, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae , Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Mysophorbiae, Mysphisola, Mygoura, Mygoura, Mygoura cerasi, M yzus varians, Nasonovia ribis nigri, Nilaparvata lugens, Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phorodon humuli, Psylla mali, Psylla piri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, sap- phi- ma, sap- phi- ma, rhopa- phi- Sitobion avenae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiiand, Viteus vitifolii, Cimex lectularius, Cimex hemipterus, Reduvius senilis, Triatoma spp., and Arilus critatus, - termites (Isoptera), e.g. Neocapritemes opacus, Procornitermes triacifer; Reticulitermes Myotis, Syntermes molestus, and Termes natalensis, - orthoptera (Orthoptera), for example, Acheta domestica, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Paraficula auricularia, Gryllotalpa Gryllotalpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melguinipeplus femur memurano, Melxirum spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca peregrina, Stauronotus maroccanus and Tachycines asynamorus, - arachnoidea, such as arachnids, for example, from the families of Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, Amblyomma american, such as ambb persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ornithodorus moubata, Otobius meubata, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Esrhipicephale, Rhipicephale, and appendiculus. such as Aculus schlechtendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora and Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp. such as Phytonemus pallidus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuipalpidae spp. such as Brevipalpus phoenicis; Tetranychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panonychus citri, and Oligonychus pratensis.
[0155] In particular, the mixtures of the present invention are suitable for combating parasites of the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Isoptera, and Orthoptera.
[0156] The mixtures of the present invention are also suitable for the control of the following plant parasitic nematodes such as Meloidogyne, Globodera, Heterodera, Radopholus, Rotylenchulus, Pratylenchus and other genera. The mixtures of the present invention are especially suitable for the control of the following plant parasitic nematodes, such as the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and other species Meloidogyne; cyst nematodes, Globodera Rostochiensis, Globodera pallida, Globodera tabacum and other species of Globodera, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera species; seed-knot nematodes, Angina funesta, Angina tritici and other Angina species; trunk and leaf nematodes, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Aphelenchoides fragariae, Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi and other species of Aphelenchoides; stinger nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other species of Belonolaimus; pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xilophilus and other species of Bursaphelenchus; ring nematodes, Criconema species, Criconemella species, Criconemoides species, Mesocriconema species; stem and bulb nematodes, Ditilenchus destructor, Ditilenchus dipsaci, Ditylenchus myceliophagus and other Ditylenchus species; burrowing nematodes, Dolichodorus species; spiral nematodes, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Heliocotilenchus multicinctus and other species of Helicotilenchus, Rotylenchus robustus and other species of Rotylenchus; sheath nematodes, Hemicycliophora species and Hemicriconemoides species; Hirshmanniella species; sandeel nematodes, Hoplolaimus Columbus, Hoplolaimus galeatus and other species of Hoplolaimus; false root nodule nematodes, Nacobbus aberrans and other Nacobbus species; needle nematodes, Longidorus elonga and other Longidorus species; pine nematodes, Paratylenchus species; lesion nematodes Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Pratylencus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus vulnus, Pratylenchus zeae and other species of Pratylenchus; Radinaphelenchus cocophilus and other species of Radinaphelenchus; burrowing nematodes, Radopholus similis and other Radopholus species; reniformes nematodes, Rotilenchus reniformes and other species of Rotilenchus; Scutellonema species; short root nematodes, Trichodorus primitivus and other Trichodorus species, Paratrichodorus species; inhibited nematodes, Tilenchorhynchus claytoni, Tilenchorhynchus dubius and other Tylenchorhynchus species and Merlinius species; citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus semipenetrans and other Tylenchulus species; style nematodes, Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema index, Xiphinema diversicaudatum and other species of Xiphinema; and other species of plant parasitic nematodes.
[0157] In an equally preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for controlling animal pests (insects, mites or nematodes), in which animal pests (insects, mites or nematodes), their habitats, breeding sites, their sites or the plants to be protected against animal pests (insects, mites or attack nematodes) are treated with an effective amount of a mixture of the present invention comprising compound IB and compound II.
[0158] In general, the term "pesticide-effective amount" means the amount of the mixtures of the present invention or compositions comprising the mixtures necessary to achieve an observable effect on growth, including the effects of necrosis, death, delay, prevention and removing, destroying, or otherwise reducing the occurrence and activity of the target organism. The pesticide effective amount may vary for the different mixtures and/or compositions used in the present invention. A pesticide-effective amount of the mixtures and/or compositions will also vary according to prevailing conditions, such as the desired effect and duration of the pesticide, time, target species, locus, mode of application, and the like.
[0159] In an equally preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for improving the health of vegetables, wherein the vegetables are treated with an effective amount of a mixture of the present invention.
[0160] The term "plant health effective amount" indicates an amount of the mixtures of the present invention that is sufficient to achieve the synergistic effects of plant health as defined herein. More exemplary information on quantities, application forms and proportions suitable for use is provided below. In any case, the person skilled in the art is well aware of the fact that such an amount can vary over a wide range and depends on several factors, for example, the treated cultivated vegetable or material and climatic conditions.
[0161] Healthier vegetables are desired as they result, among others, in better yields and/or a better quality of vegetables or crops, specifically better quality of the cultivable parts of the vegetable. Healthier vegetables also resist biotic and/or abiotic stresses better. A high resistance against biotic stress, in turn, allows the person skilled in the art to reduce the amount of pesticides applied and, therefore, delay the development of resistances against the respective pesticides.
[0162] Therefore, it was an object of the present invention to provide a pesticide composition that solves the problems outlined above and that, in particular, should improve the health of vegetables, in particular the yield of vegetables.
[0163] The term "health of a plant" or "phytosanitary" is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products, which is determined through various aspects, alone or in combination with each other, such as increased yield, vegetable vigor, quality of the cultivable parts of the vegetable and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress.
[0164] It should be noted that the above-mentioned effects of the mixtures of the present invention, that is, the increase in the health of a vegetable, are also present when the vegetable is not under biotic stress and especially when the vegetable is not under pressure of pests.
[0165] For the treatment of seeds, for example, as inoculants and/or foliar application forms, it is evident that a vegetable suffering from fungi or insecticide attack produces a lower biomass and leads to a reduced yield, compared to a vegetable which has undergone curative or preventive treatment against pathogenic fungi or any other relevant pest and which can grow without the damage caused by the biotic stress factor. However, the methods according to the present invention lead to enhanced plant health even in the absence of any biotic stress. This means that the positive effects of the mixtures of the present invention cannot be explained only by the pesticidal activities of the compounds (I) and (II), but are still based on the activity profiles. Consequently, the application of the mixtures of the present invention can also be carried out in the absence of pest pressure.
[0166] Each plant health indicator collected listed below, which is selected from the groups consisting of yield, plant vigor, quality and tolerance to abiotic and/or biotic stress, should be understood as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each either alone or, preferably, in combination with each other.
[0167] According to the present invention, the term "increase in yield" of a vegetable means that the yield of a product of the respective vegetable is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the vegetable produced under the same conditions, but without applying the mixture of the present invention.
[0168] For the treatment of seeds, for example, as an inoculant and/or forms of foliar application, the increase in yield can be characterized, among others, by the following improved properties of the vegetable: the increase in the weight of the vegetable; and/or increase in plant height; and/or increased biomass, such as higher total fresh weight (FW); and/or increase in the number of flowers per plant; and/or higher grain and/or fruit yield; and/or greater number of lateral tillers or shoots (branches); and/or larger leaves; and/or increased shoot growth; and/or increased protein content; and/or increased oil content; and/or increased starch content; and/or increased pigment content; and/or increase in chlorophyll content (chlorophyll content has a positive correlation with the rate of photosynthesis of the vegetable and, consequently, the higher the chlorophyll content, the higher the yield of a vegetable) and/or increase in the quality of a vegetable .
[0169] The terms "grain" and "fruit" are to be understood as any vegetable product, which is still used after harvest, for example, fruits in the proper sense, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, wood (for example, in the case of forestry vegetables, flowers (eg in the case of garden vegetables, ornamental vegetables), and the like, which is anything of economic value that is produced by the vegetable.
[0170] According to the present invention, the yield is increased by at least 4%, in general, the yield increase can be even higher, for example, from 5 to 10%, more preferably from 10 to 20 %, or even 20 to 30%.
[0171] According to the present invention, the yield - if measured in the absence of pest pressure - is increased by at least 2%. In general, the yield increase may even be higher, for example, up to 4% at 5% or even higher.
[0172] Another indicator for the condition of the vegetable is the vigor of the vegetable. The vegetable's vigor becomes manifest in several aspects, such as the overall visual appearance.
[0173] For foliar applications, improved plant vigor can be characterized, among others, by the following improved plant properties: improved plant vitality; and/or improved vegetable growth; and/or improved plant development; and/or improved visual appearance; and/or improved trunk of the vegetables (less back / accommodation of vegetables and/or larger leaf blade; and/or larger size; and/or increase in the height of the vegetable; and/or increase in the number of tillers; and/or increase the number of lateral shoots; and/or increased number of flowers per plant; and/or increased shoot growth; and/or intensified photosynthetic activity (for example, based on increased stomatal conductance and/or increased rate of CO2 assimilation; and/or early flowering; and/or early fruiting; and/or early and improved germination; and/or early grain maturation; and/or lower number of non-productive tillers; and/or lower number of dead basal leaves; and/or less necessary inputs (such as fertilizers or water); and/or greener leaves; and/or complete maturation in shorter periods of vegetation; and/or less need for seeds; and/or harvest easier; and/or faster and more uniform ripening; and/or prolonged shelf life; and/or panicles longer; and/or delayed senescence; and/or more productive and/or stronger tillers; and/or better extraction of ingredients; and/or improved seed quality (to be sown in the following seed production seasons); and/or reduction of ethylene production and/or inhibition of its uptake by the vegetable.
[0174] Another indicator for the condition of the vegetable is the “quality” of a vegetable and/or its products. According to the present invention, quality improvement means that certain characteristics of vegetables, such as the content or composition of certain ingredients, are increased or improved through a measurable or visible amount on the same factor of the vegetable produced under the same conditions, but without applying the mixtures of the present invention. The improvement in quality can be characterized, among others, by the sequence of improvement in the properties of the vegetable or its product: increase in nutrient content; and/or increased protein content; and/or increased oil content; and/or increased starch content and/or increased fatty acid content; and/or increased metabolite content; and/or increased carotenoid content; and/or increased sugar content; and/or increasing the amount of essential amino acids; and/or improved nutrient composition; and/or improved protein composition; and/or improved fatty acid composition; and/or improved metabolite composition; and/or improved composition of carotenoids; and/or improved sugar composition; and/or improved amino acid composition; and/or optimal or improved fruit coloring; and/or improved leaf color coloration; and/or increased storage capacity; and/or better processability of the collected products.
[0175] Another indicator for plant condition is plant tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors. Biotic and abiotic stresses, especially over longer periods, can have harmful effects on plants.
[0176] The biotic stress is caused by living organisms, while the abiotic stress is caused, for example, by extreme environmental conditions. According to the present invention, the term "improved tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors" means (1) that certain negative factors caused by biotic and/or abiotic stress are reduced by a measurable or visible amount, in comparison with vegetables exposed under the same conditions, but without being treated with a mixture of the present invention and (2) that the negative effects are not reduced by a direct action of the mixture of the present invention on the ten factors, for example, are, by its fungicidal or insecticidal action that directly destroys microorganisms or pests, but rather by stimulating the plants' own defense reactions against said stress factors.
[0177] The negative factors caused by biotic stress, such as pathogens and pests are widely known and can be caused by living organisms such as competing vegetables (eg, weeds), microorganisms (such as phytopathogenic fungi and/or bacteria) and/or viruses.
[0178] The negative factors caused by abiotic stress are also well known and can often be seen as the reduction in vigor of vegetables (see above), for example: Less yield and/or less vigor, for the two examples of effects, they can be burnt leaves, fewer leaves, early ripening, late crop maturity, reduced nutritional value, among others.
[0179] Abiotic stress can be caused, for example, by: extreme temperatures, such as heat or cold (heat stress / cold stress); and/or strong temperature variations; and/or atypical temperatures for the specific season; and/or aridity (tension to aridity); and/or extreme humidity; and/or high salinity (salt stress); and/or radiation (eg, by increased UV radiation due to the depletion of the ozone layer); and/or increased ozone levels (ozone strain); and/or organic pollution (eg, phytotoxic amounts of pesticides); and/or inorganic pollution (eg heavy metals).
[0180] As a result of biotic and/or abiotic stress factors, the quantity and quality of plants in stress are reduced. In relation to the quality in question (as defined above), reproductive development, in general, is severely affected, with consequences on crops that are important for the fruits or seeds. Protein synthesis, accumulation and storage are most affected by temperature, growth is retarded by almost all types of stress; polysaccharide synthesis, structural and storage is reduced or modified: these effects result in a reduction in biomass (yield) and changes in the nutritional value of the product.
[0181] As mentioned above, the indicators identified above for the health status of a plant can be interdependent and can result from each other. For example, an increase in the resistance of biotic and/or abiotic stress can lead to better vigor of the vegetables, for example, for better and bigger crops and, therefore, an increase in yield. Conversely, a more developed root system can result in an increase in resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress. However, these interdependencies and interactions are neither known nor fully understood by all and therefore the different indicators are described separately.
[0182] In one embodiment, the mixtures of the present invention effect an increase in the yield of a vegetable or its product. In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures effect an increased vigor of a vegetable or its product. In another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures effect an increased quality of a vegetable or its product. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the mixtures effect an increased tolerance and/or resistance of a vegetable or its product against biotic stress.
[0183] The present invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising an auxiliary and strain of Bacillus subtilis FB17, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of Bacillus subtilis FB17 that has all its identifying characteristics or mutant extract, and at least one biopesticide II, according to the present invention.
[0184] The agrochemical composition comprises an effective amount as an insecticide or fungicide of the strain Bacillus subtilis FB17, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of Bacillus subtilis FB17 that has all of its identifying characteristics or extract of the mutant, and at least one biopesticide II. The term "effective amount" means an amount of the composition or strain Bacillus subtilis FB17, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of Bacillus subtilis FB17 that possesses all of its characteristics of identification or extract of the mutant, and at least one biopesticide II, which is sufficient for promoting the health of the plant, combating harmful fungi or harmful parasites on cultivated plants or protecting materials and that does not result in substantial damage to treated vegetables or materials. Such amount can vary over a wide range and depends on several factors, such as the species of fungi or pests to be controlled, the treated cultivated vegetable or material, the climatic conditions.
[0185] The strain Bacillus subtilis FB17, or a cell-free extract thereof or, at least, a metabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of Bacillus subtilis FB17 that has all its identification characteristics or mutant extract, and, by at least, a biopesticide II can be converted into usual types of agrochemical compositions, for example, are solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, capsules, compressed, and mixtures thereof. Examples of composition types are suspensions (eg SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (eg EC), emulsions (eg EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (eg CS, ZC), pastes, tablets, dusts or wettable powders (eg WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressed (eg BR, TB, DT), granules (eg WG, SG, GR, FG , GG, MG), insecticidal articles (eg LN), as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (GF). These and other types of compositions are defined in the “Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system”, Technical Monograph n° 2, 6th ed. May 2008, CropLife International.
[0186] The compositions are prepared in a known manner, as described by Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005.
[0187] Examples of suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid vehicles, solid vehicles or excipients, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, wetting agents, repellents, attractants , food stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, antifreeze agents, antifoam agents, colorants, adhesives and binders.
[0188] Suitable liquid solvents and vehicles are water and organic solvents such as medium to high boiling mineral oil fractions, eg kerosene or diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, paraffin tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol; glycols; DMSO; ketones, for example cyclohexanone; esters, for example lactates, carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone; fatty acids; phosphonates; amines; amides, for example, N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides, and mixtures thereof.
[0189] Suitable solid carriers or excipients are earth minerals such as silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharides, for example cellulose, starch; fertilizers such as, for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate and ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of vegetable origin, such as cereal flour, tree bark flour, wood flour, walnut flour, and mixtures thereof.
[0190] Suitable surfactants are surfactant compounds such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and their mixtures. Such surfactants can be used as an emulsifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetting agent, penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon, Vol.1: Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Edition or North American Edition).
[0191] Suitable anionic surfactants are the alkaline, alkaline earth or the ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates are alkylaryl sulfonates, diphenyl sulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, fatty acid and oil sulfonates, ethoxylated alkyl phenol sulfonates, alkoxylated arylphenol sulfonates, condensed naphthalene sulfonates, dodecyl tricyclic sulfonates, and dodecyl sulfonates naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates. Examples of sulfates are fatty acid sulfates and oils, ethoxylated alkylphenols, alcohols, ethoxylated alcohols, or fatty acid esters. Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters. Examples of carboxylates are alkyl and alcohol carboxylates or alkylphene ethoxylates.
[0192] Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, N-substituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters or sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants and their mixtures. Examples of alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated to from 1 to 50 equivalents. Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide can be used for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide. Examples of N-substituted fatty acid starches are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides. Examples of esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides. Examples of sugar based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose esters and glucose or alkylpolyglucosides. Examples of polymeric surfactants are homo- or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl alcohols or vinylacetate.
[0193] Examples of suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, eg quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines. Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkyl betaines and imidazolines. Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are the alkaline salts of polyacrylic acid. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamines or polyethyleneamines.
[0194] Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have negligible pesticidal activity or even no pesticidal activity, and which enhance the biological performance of compound I with the target. Examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxiliaries. Other examples are listed by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5.
[0195] Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (eg xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), inorganic clays (organically modified or not), polycarboxylates, and silicates. Suitable bactericides are the bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives, such as the alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones. Suitable defoamers are silicones, long-chain alcohols and fatty acid salts. Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long-chain alcohols, and fatty acid salts. Suitable colorants are pigments (eg red, blue or green) with a low water solubility content and water-soluble dyes. Examples are inorganic colorants (eg iron oxide, titanium oxide, iron hexacyanoferrate) and organic colorants (eg alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants). Suitable adhesives or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.
[0196] At present, it needs to be taken into account that each type of formulation or selection of the auxiliary should not influence the viability of the microorganism, if finally applied to the seed, soil by foliar application. As mentioned above, a suitable formulation of compound II is mentioned in publication WO 2008/002371.
[0197] Examples of types of composition and their preparation are as follows: (I) HYDRO-SOLUBLE CONCENTRATES (SL, LS) - From 10 to 60% by weight of active substance and from 5 to 15% by weight of wetting agent ( eg alcohol alkoxylates) are dissolved in water and/or a water soluble solvent (eg alcohols) to 100% by weight. The active substance dissolves after dilution in water. (II) DISPERSIBLE CONCENTRATES (DC) - From 5 to 25% by weight of the active substance and from 1 to 10% by weight of dispersant (eg polyvinylpyrrolidone) are dissolved in up to 100% by weight of organic solvent (eg , cyclohexanone). Dilution in water provides a dispersion. (III) EMULSIABLE CONCENTRATES (EC) - From 15 to 70% by weight of the active substance and from 5 to 10% by weight of emulsifiers (eg calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate) are dissolved in an insoluble organic solvent in water (for example, aromatic hydrocarbons) at 100% by weight. Dilution in water provides an emulsion. (IV) EMULSIONS (EW, EO, ES) - From 5 to 40% by weight of the active substance and from 1 to 10% by weight of emulsifiers (eg calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate) are dissolved in 20 to 40% by weight of non-water-soluble organic solvent (eg aromatic hydrocarbons). This mixture is introduced in up to 100% by weight of water by means of an emulsifying machine and into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution in water provides an emulsion. (V) SUSPENSIONS (SC, OD, FS) - In an agitated ball mill, 20 to 60% by weight of the active substance is ground with the addition of 2 to 10% by weight of dispersants and wetting agents (for example, sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate), from 0.1 to 2% by weight of thickener (eg xanthan gum) and up to 100% by weight of water to provide a fine suspension of active substance. Dilution in water provides a stable suspension of the active substance. For the FS-type composition, up to 40% by weight of the binder (eg polyvinyl alcohol) are added. (VI) WATER DISPERSIBLE GRANULES AND WATER-SOLUBLE GRANULES (WG, SG) - From 50 to 80% by weight of the active substance are finely ground with the addition of up to 100% by weight of dispersants and wetting agents (eg lignosulfonate). sodium and ethoxylated alcohols) and prepared in the form of water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical apparatus (eg extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution in water provides a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance. (VII) WATER-DISPERSIBLE POWDER AND WATER-SOLUBLE POWDERS (WP, SP, WS) - From 50 to 80% by weight of the active substance is milled in a stator rotor mill with the addition of 1 to 5% by weight of dispersants (per example sodium lignosulfonate), from 1 to 3% by weight of wetting agents (for example alcohol ethoxylate) and up to 100% by weight of solid carrier, for example silica gel. Dilution in water provides a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance. (viii) GEL (GW, GF) - In an agitated ball mill, 5 to 25% by weight of the active substance is ground with the addition of 3 to 10% by weight of dispersants (eg sodium lignosulfonate) , from 1 to 5% by weight of thickener (eg carboxymethylcellulose) and water up to 100% by weight to provide a fine suspension of the active substance. Dilution with water provides a stable suspension of the active substance. (IX) MiCROEMULSION (ME) - From 5 to 20% by weight of the active substance are added to from 5 to 30% by weight of the organic solvent mixture (eg the fatty acid dimethylamide and cyclohexanone), from 10 to 25 % by weight of the surfactant mixture (eg ethoxylated alcohol and ethoxylated arylphenol), and water up to 100%. This mixture is stirred for 1 hour to spontaneously produce a thermodynamically stable microemulsion. (X) MICROCAPSLES (CS) - An oil phase comprising from 5 to 50% by weight of the active substance, from 0 to 40% by weight of non-water-soluble organic solvent (for example, aromatic hydrocarbons), from 2 to 15 % by weight of acrylic monomers (eg methylmethacrylate, methacrylic acid and a di- or triacrylate) are dispersed in an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (eg polyvinyl alcohol). Radical polymerization initiated through a radical initiator results in the formation of poly(meth)acrylate microcapsules. Alternatively, an oil phase comprising from 5 to 50% by weight of a compound I, according to the present invention, from 0 to 40% by weight of non-water-soluble organic solvent (for example aromatic hydrocarbons), and an isocyanate monomer (eg, diphenylmeten-4,4'-diisocyanatae) are dispersed in an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (eg, polyvinyl alcohol). The addition of a polyamine (eg hexamethylenediamine) results in the formation of polyurea microcapsules. The amount of monomers is 1 to 10% by weight. The percentage (%) by weight refers to the total CS composition. (XI) DUSTABLE POWDERS (DP, DS) - From 1 to 10% by weight of the active substance are finely ground and intimately mixed with the solid carrier (eg finely divided kaolin) at 100% by weight. (xii) GRANULES (GR, FG) - From 0.5 to 30% by weight of the active substance are finely ground and associated with the solid carrier (eg silicate) at 100% by weight. Granulation is achieved by extrusion, spray drying or fluidized bed. (XIII) ULTRA LOW VOLUME LIQUIDS (UL) - From 1 to 50% by weight of the active substance is dissolved in an organic solvent (eg aromatic hydrocarbons) at 100% by weight.
[0198] The types of compositions (i) to (xiii) optionally may comprise other auxiliaries, such as from 0.1 to 1% by weight of bactericides, from 5 to 15% by weight of antifreeze agents, from 0 0.1 to 1% by weight of defoamers, and from 0.1 to 1% by weight of colorants.
[0199] The types of compositions (i) to (vii), optionally, may comprise other auxiliaries, such as from 0.1 to 1% by weight of bactericides, from 5 to 15% by weight of antifreeze agents, from 0 0.1 to 1% by weight of defoamers, 0.1 to 80% of stabilizers or nutrients, 0.1 to 10% of UV protectants and 0.1 to 1% by weight of colorants.
[0200] The types of compositions from (i) to (xi), optionally, may comprise other auxiliaries, such as from 0.1 to 1% by weight of bactericides, from 5 to 15% by weight of antifreeze agents, from 0 0.1 to 1% by weight of defoamers, and 0.1 to 1% by weight of colorants.
[0201] Microbial pesticides comprising nematodes (entomopathogenic) can be prepared as a putty for use as biological pesticides using either in vivo or in vitro methods (Shapiro-Ilan and Gaugler test, 2002). In vivo production (culture on live insect hosts) requires a low level of technology, low initial cost, and the resulting nematode quality is generally high, yet cost efficiency is low. The approach can be considered ideal for small markets. In vivo production can be improved through innovations in mechanization and rationalization. An innovative alternative approach with the in vivo methodology is the production and application of nematodes in infected host cadavers; the corpses (with the developing nematodes) are directly distributed to the target site and pest suppression is later achieved by the infecting juveniles that emerge. In vitro culture of the solid, ie, the nematodes growing on crumbled polyurethane foam, offers an intermediate level of technology and cost. In vitro liquid culture is the most cost-effective method of production, but it requires the greatest start-up capital. Liquid culture can be improved through progress in development medium, nematode recovery, and bioreactor design. A variety of formulations have been developed to facilitate nematode storage and application, including activated carbon, alginate and polyacrylamide gels, baits, clay, paste, peat, polyurethane sponge, vermiculite, and water-dispersible granules. Depending on the species of formulation and nematode, successful refrigerated storage ranges from one to seven months. The optimal storage temperature for formulated nematodes varies by species; in general, steinernematids tend to store better at 4 to 8°C, while heterorhabditids persist better at 10 to 15°C. Nematodes are formulated and applied as infective juveniles, the only one free from living beings and by therefore environmentally tolerant. Infecting juveniles range from 0.4 to 1.5 mm in length and can be observed with a microscope or hand loupe after separation from the formulation materials. Disturbed nematodes move actively, however, sedentary ambush species (eg, Steinernema carpocapsae, S. scapterisci) in the water soon revert to a “J”-shaped feature in the resting position. Low levels of temperature or oxygen will inhibit movement of even active cruiser species (eg S. glaseri, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora). In short, lack of movement is not always a sign of mortality; nematodes may need to be stimulated (eg, probes, acetic acid, gentle warming) to move before assessing viability. Good quality nematodes tend to have high levels of lipids that provide a dense appearance, while nearly transparent nematodes are often active but have low infective powers. Infecting juveniles are compatible with most but not all agricultural chemicals under field conditions. Compatibility has been tested with over 100 different pesticides. These nematodes are compatible (eg, tank-mixable) with most herbicides and fungicides, as well as many insecticides (such as bacterial or fungal products) (Koppenhofer and Grewal, 2005).
[0202] According to the invention, solid material (dry matter) of Bacillus subtilis FB17 and biopesticides III (with the exception of oils such as neem oil, Tagetes oil, and the like) are considered as active components ( for example, to be obtained after drying or evaporation of the extraction medium or suspension medium in the case of liquid formulations of microbial pesticides).
[0203] According to the present invention, the proportions by weight and percentages used in the present for the biological extract, such as the Quillay extract is based on the total weight of the dry matter (solid material) content of the respective extract(s).
[0204] For microbial pesticides III selected from groups (O), (Q), and (S) and for the strain Bacillus subtilis FB 17, the proportions in weight and/or percentages refer to the total weight of a preparation of the respective biopesticide with at least 1 x 106 CFU/g ("colony forming units per gram in total weight"), preferably with at least 1 x 108 CFU/g, most preferably 1 x 108 to 1 x 1012 CFU/g dry matter. The colony forming unit is the measure of viable microbial cells, especially fungi and bacterial cells. Furthermore, CFU at present can also be understood as the number (juvenile) of individual nematodes, in the case of (entomopathogenic) nematode biopesticides such as Steinernema feltiae.
[0205] In binary mixtures and compositions, according to the present invention, the proportion by weight of component (1) to component (2), in general, depends on the properties of the active components used, usually is in the range from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly in the range from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably in the range from 1:10 and 10:1, most preferably in the range from 1:4 to 4:1 and especially in the range from 1:2 to 2:1.
[0206] According to other embodiments of binary mixtures and compositions, the weight ratio of component (1) to component (2) normally is in the range from 100:1 to 1:1, regularly, in the range from from 50:1 to 1:1, preferably in the range from 20:1 to 1:1, more preferably in the range from 10:1 to 1:1, most preferably in the range a from 4:1 to 1:1 and especially in the range from 2:1 to 1:1.
[0207] According to other embodiments of binary mixtures and compositions, the weight ratio of component (1) to component (2) normally is in the range from 1:1 to 1:100, regularly, in the range from from 1:1 to 1:50, preferably, in the range from 1:1 to 1:20, more preferably, in the range from 1:1 to 1:10, most preferably, in the range a from 1:1 to 1:4, especially in the range from 1:1 to 1:2.
[0208] These proportions are suitable for the mixtures of the present invention applied by means of seed treatment.
[0209] At present, microbial pesticides III selected from groups (O), Q) and S) and the strain Bacillus subtilis FB 17 can be provided in any physiological state such as active or inactive. Such inactive active component can be supplied, for example, frozen, dried, or lyophilized or partially dehydrated (procedures for the production of these partially dehydrated organisms are provided in WO 2008/002371) or in the form of spores.
[0210] Microbial pesticides III selected from groups (O), (Q), and (S) and the Bacillus subtilis FB 17 strain used as an organism in an active state can be delivered in a growth medium without any additives or additional materials or in combination with the appropriate nutrient mixtures.
[0211] Bacillus subtilis FB17, preferably, is delivered and formulated in an inactive stage, more preferably, in the form of spores.
[0212] According to one embodiment, the compositions comprise between 0.01 and 90% (w/w) of component (2) and from 1 x 105 CFU to 1 x 1012 CFU of component (1) per gram of total weight of makeup.
[0213] According to another embodiment, the compositions comprise between 5 and 70% (w/w) of component (2) and from 1 x 106 CFU to 1 x 1010 CFU of component (1) per gram of total weight of makeup.
[0214] According to another embodiment, the compositions comprise between 25 and 70% (w/w) of the component (2) and from 1 x 107 CFU to 1 x 109 CFU of component (1) per gram of the total weight of the composition.
[0215] In ternary mixtures, that is, the compositions according to the present invention, which comprise component (1) and component (2) and a compound III (component (3), the proportion by weight of the component ( 1) for component (2) it depends on the properties of the active substances used, normally it is in the range from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly, in the range from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably, in the range from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably in the range from 1:10 and 10:1, in particular in the range from 1:4 to 4:1, and the ratio in weight from component (1) to component (3), normally is in the range from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly, in the range from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range from from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably in the range from 1:10 and 10:1, especially in the range from 1:4 to 4:1.
[0216] Any other additional active components, if appropriate, are added in a ratio of 20:1 to 1:20 for component (1).
[0217] In mixtures and compositions, proportions of compounds are advantageously selected to produce a synergistic effect.
[0218] The total weight proportions of compositions in which component (3) is selected from groups (O), (Q), or (S) can be determined based on the total weight of solid material (dry matter) of component (2) and using the amount of CFU of component (3) to calculate the total weight of component (3) with the following equation where 1 x 109 CFU equals one gram of total weight of component (3).
[0219] In the same way, the same equation can be used for the proportions based on the amount of CFU for component (1) (strain B. subtilis FB17). The total weight proportions of the compositions can be determined based on the weight of component (1) and using the amount of CFU of component (1) to calculate the total weight of component (1) with the following equation where 1 x 109 CFU CFU equals one gram of the total weight of component (1).
[0220] Agrochemical compositions, in general, are characterized by the fact that they contain an effective amount of the active components, as defined above. In general, they contain between 0.01 and 95%, preferably between 0.1 and 90%, and in particular between 0.5 and 75%, by weight of the active components.
[0221] According to one embodiment, the compositions, in which component (3) is selected from the groups (O), (Q), and (S), comprise between 0.01 and 90% (w/w ) of component (2) and from 1 x 105 CFU to 1 x 1012 CFU of component (3) per gram of total composition weight.
[0222] According to another embodiment, the compositions, in which component (3) is selected from the groups (O), (Q), and (S), comprise between 5 and 70% (w/w) of component (2) and from 1 x 106 CFU to 1 x 1010 CFU of component (3) per gram of total composition weight.
[0223] According to another embodiment, the compositions, in which component (3) is selected from the groups (O), (Q), and (S), comprise between 25 and 70% (w/w) of component (2) and from 1 x 107 CFU to 1 x 109 CFU of component (2) per gram of total composition weight.
[0224] Seed treatment solutions (LS), suspoemulsions (SE), fluid concentrates (FS), dust treatment (DS), water-dispersible powders for sludge treatment (WS), water-soluble powders (SS), emulsions (ES) emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are generally used for the purposes of treating plant propagation materials, especially seeds.
[0225] The preferred examples of the types of formulation for seed treatment or soil application for premix compositions are of the type WS, LS, ES, FS, WG or CS.
[0226] The compositions in question, after dilution by a factor of two to ten, provide concentrations of active components from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40%, in preparations ready for the utilization. The application can be carried out before or during sowing. Methods for the application or treatment of compound I and compound II and their compositions, respectively, to plant propagation materials, especially seeds, include application methods by covering, coating, pelletizing, dusting, dipping and in furrowing. propagation material. Preferably, compound I and compound II or their compositions, respectively, are applied to the plant propagation material by a method in such a way that germination is not induced, for example, by covering, pelletizing, coating and sprinkling of seeds.
[0227] Typically, a premix formulation for the application of seed treatment comprises from 0.5 to 99.9%, in particular from 1 to 95%, of the desired ingredients, and from 99.5 to 0, 1%, especially 99 to 5%, of a solid or liquid adjuvant (including, for example, a solvent such as water), wherein the adjuvants may be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50%, especially 0 .5 to 40%, based on premix formulation. Whereas commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates (eg the premix composition (formulation)), the end user will normally employ the diluted formulations (eg the tank mix composition).
[0228] Seed treatment methods for the application or treatment of the mixtures of the present invention and their compositions for plant propagation material, especially seeds, are known in the state of the art, and include coating application methods , coating, film coating, granulation and dipping of the propagation material. These methods are also applicable for the combinations according to the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, the mixture of the present invention is applied or treated to the plant propagation material by a method such that germination is not negatively impacted. Consequently, examples of suitable methods for the application (or treatment) of a plant propagation material, such as a seed, is seed treatment, seed coating or seed coating and the like.
[0229] Preferably, the plant propagation material is a seed, part of the seed (ie the stem) or a seed bulb.
[0230] Although it is believed that the present method can be applied to a seed in any physiological state, preferably the seed is in a sufficiently durable state that it does not incur damage during the treatment process. Normally, the seed would be a seed that has been harvested from the field; removed from the vegetable; and separated from any ear, stem, outer husk, and surrounding pulp or other non-seed plant material. The seed, preferably, would also be biologically stable in that the treatment would not cause biological damage to the seed. It is believed that the treatment can be applied to the seed at any time between harvesting the seed and sowing the seed or during the sowing process (seed-directed applications). Seed can also be prepared, before or after treatment.
[0231] The uniform distribution of ingredients in the mixtures of the present invention and their adhesion to seeds is desired during the treatment of propagation material. The treatment can vary from a thin film (coating) of the formulation containing the combination, for example, a mixture of active ingredient(s), onto a vegetable propagation material, such as a seed, in which the original size and/or shape is recognizable for an intermediate state (such as a coating) and then for a thicker film (such as pelletizing with many layers of different materials) (such as vehicles, for example , clays; different formulations such as other active ingredients, polymers, and dyes) in which the original shape and/or size of the seeds is no longer recognizable.
[0232] One aspect of the present invention includes applying the mixtures of the present invention to vegetable propagation material in a targeted manner, including positioning the components in the combination throughout the vegetable propagation material or only in parts thereof, including on a single side only or to a portion of a single side. A person skilled in the art would understand these application methods from the description given in EP 954.213B 1 and in WO 2006/112700.
[0233] The mixtures of the present invention can also be used in the form of a "pill" or "pellet" or a suitable substrate and placing, or seeding the treated pill, or substrate, next to a plant propagation material. Such techniques are known to the person skilled in the art, particularly in publications EP 1,124,414, WO 2007/67042, and WO 2007/67044. The application of the combinations described herein to a plant propagation material also includes protecting the plant propagation material treated with the combination of the present invention by placing one or more particles containing the pesticides next to a seed treated with the pesticide, wherein the amount of pesticide is such that the pesticide-treated seeds and the pesticide-containing particles together contain an effective dose of the pesticide and the pesticide dose contained in the pesticide-treated seed is lower or equal to the maximum non-phytotoxic dose of the pesticide. Such techniques are known to the person skilled in the art, in particular, in the publication WO 2005/120226.
[0234] The application of blends to the seed also includes controlled release coatings to the seeds, in which the ingredients of the blends are incorporated into the materials that release the ingredients over time. Examples of controlled release seed treatment technologies are generally known in the prior art and include polymer films, waxes or other seed coatings, in which ingredients can be incorporated into the controlled release material or applied between the layers of materials, or both.
[0235] The seed can be treated by its application of the compounds present in the mixtures of the present invention in any desired sequence or simultaneously.
[0236] Seed treatment occurs to an unseeded seed, and the term "unsown seed" is intended to include the seed in any period between seed harvesting and sowing the seed in the soil for the purpose of germination and plant growth .
[0237] The treatment of an unseeded seed is not intended to include those practices in which the active ingredient is applied to the soil, but which include any practical application that would target the seed during the planting process.
[0238] Preferably, the treatment occurs before sowing the seed so that the sown seed has been pretreated with the combination. In particular, seed coating or seed pelleting are preferred in treating the blends in accordance with the present invention. As a result of the treatment, the ingredients in each combination are glued to the seed and therefore available for pest control.
[0239] Treated seeds can be stored, handled, sown and cultivated in the same way as any other seed treated with the active ingredient.
[0240] When used in plant protection, the total amounts of active components are applied, depending on the type of effect desired, from 0.001 to 10 kg per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per hectare, from more preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per hectare, in particular from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha. In the case of the Bacillus FB 17 strain and the microbial pesticides III, application rates preferably range from about 1 x 106 to 5 x 1015 (or greater) CFU/ha. Preferably, the spore concentration is about 1 x 107 to about 1 x 1012 CFU/ha. In the case of nematodes (entomopathogenic) such as microbial pesticides (eg Steinernema feltiae), application rates preferably range from about 1 x 105 to 1 x 1012 (or higher), more preferably from 1 x 108 to 1 x 1011 and even more preferably from 5 x 108 to 1 x 1010 individuals (eg in the form of eggs, juvenile or any other living stages, preferably in an infective juvenile stage) per ha.
[0241] When used in plant protection through seed treatment, the amount of the mixtures of the present invention (based on the total weight of the active components) is in the range from 0.01 to 10 kg, preferably from from 0.1 to 1000 g, more preferably from 1 to 100 g per 100 kg of plant propagation material (preferably the seeds). In the case of Bacillus subtilis FB17 and microbial pesticides III, application rates relative to plant propagation material preferably range from about 1 x 106 to 1 x 1012 (or greater) CFU/seed. Preferably, the concentration is from about 1 x 106 to about 1 x 1011 CFU/seed. In the case of Bacillus subtilis FB17 and microbial pesticides III (from groups (O), (Q), and (S)), application rates in relation to plant propagation material, also preferably, vary from from about 1 x 107 to 1 x 1014 (or greater) CFU per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 x 109 to about 1 x 1012 CFU per 100 kg of seed.
[0242] When used in the protection of stored materials or products, the amount of active components applied depends on the type of application area and the desired effect. The quantities usually applied in the protection of materials are from 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably from 0.005 g to 1 kg, of the active component per cubic meter of treated material.
[0243] Various types of oils, wetting agents, adjuvants, fertilizers, or micronutrients and other pesticides (for example, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, protective agents) can be added to the active substances, or to the compositions that the comprise as a premix or, if appropriate, not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents can be mixed with the compositions according to the present invention in a weight ratio of from 1:100 to 100:1, preferably from 1:10 to 10:1.
[0244] These most useful active compounds can be fertilizers or micronutrient donors (such as Mo, Zn and/or Co), especially when applied to plant propagation materials.
[0245] According to one embodiment, a polymethylsiloxane polyether copolymer can be added to the composition, according to the present invention, preferably, in a weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, more preferably, in a weight ratio of 1:10 to 10:1, in particular a weight ratio of 1:05 to 5:1 based on the total weight of component (1) and component (2).
[0246] According to another embodiment, a mineral oil or a vegetable oil can be added to the composition, according to the present invention, preferably in a weight ratio of from 1:100 to 100:1, of greater preferably, in a weight ratio of 1:10 to 10:1, in particular in a weight ratio of 1:5 to 5:1 based on the total weight of the dry content of the Bacillus subtilis FB17 strain, or an extract thereof cell-free or at least one metabolite thereof, and/or a Bacillus subtilis FB17 mutant which has all its identifying characteristics or extract of the mutant, and at least one pesticide II, together.
[0247] The user applies the composition, according to the present invention, in general, from a pre-dosing device, a backpack sprayer, a spray plane or an irrigation system. Typically, the agrochemical composition is carried out with the water, buffer, and/or other auxiliary agents to the desired application concentration and the ready-to-use spray solution or agrochemical composition according to the present invention, therefore, is obtained. Typically 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of ready-to-use spray solution is applied per hectare of useful agricultural area.
[0248] According to an embodiment, the individual components of the composition according to the present invention, such as parts of an assembly or parts of a binary or ternary mixture can be mixed by the user himself, in a spray tank and other helpers can be added if necessary.
[0249] The term "synergistic effect", in particular, should refer to the Formula defined by Colby (Colby, S.R., "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations", Weeds, 15, pages 20-22, 1967).
[0250] The term “synergistic effect” should also refer to that defined by the application of the Tammes method, (Tammes, PML, “Isoboles, a graphic representation of synergism in pesticides”, Netherlands. J. Plant Pathol. 70, 1964) .
[0251] The fungicidal action of the mixtures, according to the present invention, can be demonstrated by the tests described below. (A) MICROTITULATION BOARD TESTS
[0252] Chemical pesticides (eg compounds II) were separately formulated as a stock solution having a concentration of 10,000 ppm in dimethyl sulfoxide.
[0253] Stock solutions of chemical pesticides were mixed according to proportion, diluted to the indicated concentrations and pipetted into a filter microtiter plate (MTP). A suspension of pathogen spores (eg, Botrytis cinerea, Septoria tritici, and the like), for example, in an aqueous biomalt solution was added, as well as different concentrations of spores or Bacillus subtilis FB17 cells. The plates were incubated at the ideal temperature, depending on the pathogen, and further processed from 1 to 7 days after incubation. The supernatant was removed using the CaptiVac Vacuum Collar and a vacuum filter pump. The remaining cell pellet was resolved in water and DNA was extracted. The growth of the pathogen was quantified using Real Time quantitative using the PCR primers of species or specific strain. For the evaluation of synergistic effects, the growth of pathogenic fungi was calculated in comparison with different controls containing the chemical pesticide, or the microbial pesticide alone.
[0254] The measured parameters were compared with the growth of the active component free control variant (100%) and the active compound free and fungus free blank value to determine the relative growth in percentage (%) of pathogens in the respective active compounds.
[0255] The expected efficiencies of the combinations of active compounds were determined using Colby's Formula [R.S. Colby, ''Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations”, Weeds 15, 20-22 (1967)] and compared with the observed efficacies. - Colby's formula: E = x + y - x • y/100 - E means the expected efficacy, expressed as a percentage (%) of the untreated control, when using the mixture of active compounds A (for example, compound IA , IB or IC) and B (for example, compound II), at concentrations a and b - x means the efficacy, expressed as a percentage (%) of the untreated control, when using an active ingredient (A) at concentration a - y means the efficacy, expressed as a percentage (%) of the untreated control, when using an active ingredient (B) at concentration b. USE OF EXAMPLE FM-1 ACTIVITY AGAINST SEPTORIA TRITICI, AGENT CAUSING FOLIARY STAIN ON WHEAT
[0256] A suspension of Septoria tritici spores in an aqueous biomalt solution was used. The plates were placed in a chamber saturated with water vapor at a temperature of 18°C. (B) GREENHOUSE TESTS
[0257] Chemical pesticides (eg compounds III) were formulated separately or together as a stock solution with 25 mg of active substance, which was prepared up to 10 mL using a mixture of acetone and/or sulfoxide. dimethyl DMSO and the emulsifier Wettol EM 31 (wetting agent that has an emulsifying and dispersing action based on ethoxylated alkylphenols) in a solvent/emulsifier volume ratio of 99 to 1. This solution was then prepared up to 100 mL using Water. This stock solution was diluted with the solvent/emulsifier/water mixture described for the concentration of active substance given below. 8. subtilis FB17 was grown as described herein and diluted with water to the concentration given below. USE OF EXAMPLE FG-1 ACTIVITY AGAINST EARLY TOMATO SPOT CAUSED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS, WITH PROTECTIVE APPLICATION
[0258] Young seedlings of tomato vegetables were grown in pots. These vegetables were sprayed until drenched with an aqueous suspension, which contains the chemical pesticide concentration indicated below. Simultaneously or up to 6 hours later, the vegetables were sprayed with an aqueous suspension containing the concentration of the microbial pesticide indicated below. The next day, the treated vegetables were inoculated with an aqueous solution of Phytophtora infestans. After inoculation, the test vegetables were immediately transferred to a humid chamber. After 6 days at 18 to 20°C and a relative humidity close to 100%, the extent of fungal attack on the leaves was visually assessed as the percentage (%) of the injured leaf area.
[0259] The improved action of the health of the vegetables of the mixtures according to the present invention can be demonstrated by the tests described below. USE OF EXAMPLE H-1 ACTION AGAINST STRESS TO ARIDITY
[0260] The strain tolerance to aridity can be tested, for example, on lentil vegetables grown in 24-well microplates, according to the method described in J. Plant J. Growth Regul. 30, 504-511 (2011).
[0261] Measured parameters were compared with the growth of the control variant free of active compound under stress to aridity (eg PEG treatment) (0%) and the blank value free of active compound without stress to aridity (eg free of PEG) (100%) to determine the relative growth in percentage (%) in the respective active compounds. The expected efficiencies of active substance combinations were determined by Colby's Formula as described above. USE OF EXAMPLE H-2 IMPROVEMENT OF VEGATAL GROWTH IN CORN AND WHEAT
[0262] Pyraclostrobin has been applied to corn or wheat seeds as the commercial seed treatment formulation, liquid Stamina® (200 g per liter ai, BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, North Carlolina), while Bacillus subtilis FB17 was applied to corn seeds as an SC formulation (about 2 x 1010 CFU mL-1).
[0263] Corn or wheat seeds were treated at the BASF Seed Solutions Technology Center (SETC) in Ames, Iowa. Pyraclostrobin and Bacillus subtilis UD1022 were applied to cornstarch seeds as water-based slurries using methods consistent with commercial seed treatment applications in a laboratory-scale batch treater. Briefly, 500 g of corn seeds were added to the drum of a laboratory-scale batch treater and 6 ml of prepared slurry (with an appropriate amount of pyraclostrobin, Bacillus subtilis FB17, or their combination) was applied to the seed, as in the drum. rotary. For 500 g of wheat seeds, 8 mL of paste was used. The seed was tumbled for 30 seconds after slurry application to ensure complete and even coverage of the seed surface.
[0264] Treated seeds were placed in seed germination bags (Mega International, St. Paul, Minnesota) and 20 mL of fertilizer solution that provided 50 ppm nitrogen, 7.5 ppm phosphorus, and 37.5 ppm Potassium (obtained from calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, phosphoric acid and adjusted to pH 6.5) were added to each bag. Seed germination bags were placed in growth chambers at 25°C, with a 16 h photoperiod. Five mL of fertilizer solution was added to the seed germination bags at two-day intervals to replenish water lost through evapotranspiration.
[0265] The sown corn or wheat vegetables were allowed to grow for two weeks. At the conclusion of the two-week growing period, plant height and shoot and root dry weight were determined. The height of vegetables was measured in centimeters. Shoot and root tissues were separated and dried in an oven at 68°C for three days. Shoot and root dry weight were measured in mg using an analytical balance.
[0266] The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, with ten repetitions per treatment. Shoot height, shoot dry weight and root dry weight data were expressed as the difference (%) relative to the untreated control to facilitate the application of Colby's Formula (Colby, 1967) to calculate the expected difference (EColby) . - EColby = PA + PB - PA * PB / 100 - EColby is the expected difference, expressed as a percentage (%) of the difference from the untreated control, when using the mixture of active compounds A and B at concentrations a and b - PA is the difference expressed as a percentage (%) of the difference from the untreated control when using active compound A at concentration a - PB is the difference expressed as a percentage (%) of the difference from the untreated control when using uses active compound B at concentration b. TABLE 1 CORN SPROUT HEIGHT
x Indicated values are the mean of 10 independent measurements per treatment - y Difference from control calculated as [- (treatment value - untreated value) / untreated value) * 100] - z Expected difference calculated using the Colby's Formula TABLE 2

权利要求:
Claims (9)
[0001]
1. MIXTURE TO TREAT SEEDS, characterized in that it comprises, as active components: (1) as a component 1) the strain Bacillus subtilis FB17; and (2) as component 2) at least one pesticide selected from: pyraclostrobin, fluxapiroxad, triticonazole and metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam); wherein component (1) is present in an amount of 1x109 to 1x1011 CFU/100 Kg of seeds and component (2) is present in an amount of 1 to 100 g/100 Kg of seeds.
[0002]
2. MIXTURE according to claim 1, characterized in that component (1) is Bacillus subtilis FB17 in the form of spores.
[0003]
A MIXTURE according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that component (2) is pyraclostrobin.
[0004]
4. MIXTURE according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that component (2) is fluxapiroxad.
[0005]
A MIXTURE according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that component (2) is triticonazole.
[0006]
A MIXTURE according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that component (2) is (metalaxyl-M) mefenoxam.
[0007]
7. AGROCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, characterized in that it comprises an auxiliary and a mixture, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6.
[0008]
8. METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI, and/or improvement of plant health and/or regulation of plant growth, characterized in that it comprises the treatment of plant seed with an effective amount of the mixture, as defined in any of the claims 1 to 6, or the agrochemical composition as defined in claim 7.
[0009]
9. METHOD FOR THE PROTECTION OF VEGETABLE SEEDS against pests and/or improvement of the health of vegetables grown from said seeds, characterized in that the seeds are treated with an effective amount of the mixture, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6 , or the agrochemical composition, as defined in claim 7.

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同族专利:

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AR095703A1|2015-11-04|

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CN105142405A|2015-12-09|

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法律状态:
2018-02-27| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-05-14| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|

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2020-11-10| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-03-02| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-05-18| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 14/03/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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EP13160219|2013-03-20|

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EP13160219.5|2013-03-20|

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PCT/IB2014/059783|WO2014147534A1|2013-03-20|2014-03-14|Synergistic compositions comprising a bacillus subtilis strain and a pesticide|

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