 Mobility control polymers for enhanced oil recovery
专利摘要:
Abstract "Mobility Control Polymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery" The present invention describes water soluble polymers comprising hydrolysable crosslinked monomer units, and methods for recovering hydrocarbon fluids from an underground formation using said polymers. 公开号:BR112015016533A2 申请号:R112015016533 申请日:2014-01-14 公开日:2019-12-24 发明作者:Wei Mingli；e reed Peter；J Andrews William；Harry Lee Xiaojin 申请人:Ecolab Usa Inc； IPC主号:
专利说明:
“MOBILITY CONTROL POLYMERS FOR IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY” Technical field [001] The present invention relates to mobility control polymers for use in improved oil recovery methods. Polymers can be temporarily cross-linked using hydrolyzable binders. Background of the invention [002] In the recovery of oil from petroleum reservoirs, it is generally possible to recover only minor portions of the original oil on site through primary recovery methods that use only the natural forces present in the reservoir. Therefore, a variety of supplementary techniques were developed and used to increase oil recovery. A secondary technique commonly used is the injection of water into the oil reservoir. As the water moves through the reservoir, it moves the oil to one or more production wells, where the oil is recovered. [003] A problem presented with water injection operations is the limited range of water, that is, water can circulate through certain portions of the reservoir as it flows from the injection well (s) to the well (s) (s) of production, thereby diverting other portions of the reservoir. This limited range is caused, for example, by differences in water mobility in relation to oil and variations in permeability within the reservoir, which stimulates the flow through some portions of the reservoir and not in others. [004] Various techniques for improved oil recovery have been used to improve the efficiency of water reach. Aqueous solutions containing high molecular weight and water-soluble polymers have also been employed to improve the effectiveness of water reach. These media are more viscous than 2/62 ordinary water or brine, but they are usually subjected to molecular weight breakdown, degradation and shear due to temperature, oxidative stress, and physical force from the well entrance. Degradation leads to reduced viscosity and reduced tertiary and secondary oil recovery rates in underground formations. Summary of the invention [005] The present invention is directed to cross-linked, high molecular weight, shear-resistant, water-soluble polymers for use in the enhanced oil recovery operations of underground formations containing hydrocarbons (for example, petroleum or oil formations ). [006] In one aspect, the invention is directed to a method of recovering a hydrocarbon fluid from an underground formation, comprising: [007] introduction in the formation of an aqueous flood fluid, with the fluid comprising water and water-soluble polymer with monolithic units with hydrolyzable cross-links, with the polymer comprising about 1 mol% to about 100 mol% of acrylamide monomers, where , after the introduction of the flood fluid into the formation, the monomer units are hydrolyzed to produce an aqueous flood fluid after hydrolysis, with a viscosity that is equal to or greater than the viscosity of the aqueous fluid before injection. [008] In some embodiments, hydrolyzable cross-linked monomer units are linked through an ionic interaction between two monomer units. In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymer comprises from about 1 mol% to about 25 mol% of ionomeric cross-linked monomer units. In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymer comprises at least one monomer unit with the following formula (I): 3/62 Where: [009] R is selected from the group consisting of -H, C1-C24 alkyl, C2-C24 alkenyl θ C2-C24 alkynyl; [010] each R a is independently selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C1-C50 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C50 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C50 alkynyl and optionally substituted aryl; A is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR b ; [011] R b is selected from the group consisting of -H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenyl and optionally substituted C2C24 alkynyl; [012] B is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-C24 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenylenyl and optionally substituted C2-C24 heteroalkylenyl; Z ® is an anion; and each -rwv represents a point of attachment of the polymer structure. [013] In some embodiments, the monomer unit of formula (I) is derived from a monomer selected from the group consisting of a quaternary salt of N, N - dimethylaminoethyl methyl acrylate, quaternary salt of N, N dimethyl aminoethyl chloride methyl methacrylate, quaternary salt of N, N dimethylaminopropyl methyl acrylamide, and quaternary salt of N, N dimethylaminopropyl methyl acrylamide. In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymer also comprises at least one anionic monomeric unit derived from a monomer selected from the group consisting of an acid salt 4/62 acrylic, a salt of methacrylic acid, a salt of 2 - acrylamide - 2 methylpropane sulfonic acid and a salt of styrene sulfonic acid. [014] In some embodiments, hydrolyzable crosslinked monomer units are covalently linked. In some embodiments, covalently linked monomer units have the following formula (II): Where: each X is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR b ; [015] each R b is independently selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C 2 -C 2 4 alkenyl and optionally substituted C 2 -C 24 alkynyl; [016] each R is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, Ci-C24 alkyl optionally substituted, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl optionally substituted alkynyl and C 2 -C 24 optionally substituted; [017] Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond and a linker comprising 1 to about 1000 atoms; and [018] each ά / w represents a connection point with the first polymeric structure and each nurse represents a connection point with the first or the second polymeric structure. [019] In some embodiments, monomeric units covalently cross-linked have the following formula (Ha): Where: [020] each R is independently selected from the group consisting of -H 5/62 and -CH 3 ; [021] Z is selected from the group consisting of a bond and a C1-C12 alkylenyl group; and [022] each represents a connection point with the first polymeric structure, and each λλλλ represents a connection point with the first or the second polymeric structure. [023] In some embodiments, monomeric units covalently cross-linked have the following formula (llb): oh o OH OH ΧΛΛ / (llb) OH [024] In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymer comprises about 0.1 ppm to about 20000 ppm of monomeric units cross-linked covalently. In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymer comprises about 0.1 ppm to about 100 ppm of covalently cross-linked monomer units. In some embodiments, the aqueous flood fluid comprises about 100 ppm to about 10,000 ppm of water-soluble polymer. In some embodiments, the aqueous flood fluid also comprises a surfactant, a biocide, an antioxidant or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, prior to injection, the aqueous flood fluid has a viscosity from 0 cps (0 Pa.s) to about 100 cPs (0.1 Pa.s). In some embodiments, after injection, the aqueous flood fluid has a viscosity of 1 cps (W 3 Pa.s) to about 5000 cPs (5 Pa.s). In some embodiments, the method also comprises displacing the hydrocarbon fluid in the formation in one or more production vessels. [025] In another aspect, the invention is directed to a method of recovering a hydrocarbon fluid from an underground formation comprising: the introduction into an aqueous flood fluid formation, 6/62 with the fluid comprising water and a water-soluble polymer, and having a viscosity of about 0 cps (0 Pa.s) to about 100 cPs (0.1 Pa.s), where after the introduction of the flood fluid aqueous in the formation, the viscosity of the fluid increases to about 1 cps (W 3 Pa.s) to about 5000 cPs (5 Pa.s). [026] In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymer comprises about 1 mol% to about 100 mol% of acrylamide monomers. In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymer comprises monomeric units with hydrolyzable cross-links. In some embodiments, the aqueous flood fluid comprises about 100 ppm to about 10,000 ppm of the water-soluble polymer. In some embodiments, the aqueous flood fluid also comprises a surfactant, a biocide, an antioxidant or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the method also comprises displacing the hydrocarbon fluid in the formation in one or more production vessels. [027] In another aspect, the invention offers a water-soluble polymer comprising about 1 mol% to about 100 mol% acrylamide monomers, and also comprising about 0.1 ppm to about 2000 ppm crosslinked monomer units hydrolyzables based on the weight of the water-soluble polymer. [028] In some embodiments, monomeric units covalently cross-linked have the following formula (II): Where: each X is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR b ; [029] each R b is independently selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C 2 -C 2 4 alkenyl 7/62 and optionally substituted C 2 -C 2 4 alkynyl; [030] each R is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, Ci-C24 alkyl optionally substituted, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl optionally substituted alkynyl and C 2 -C 24 optionally substituted; [031] Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond and a linker comprising 1 to about 100 atoms; and [032] each represents a connection point with the first polymeric structure and each λλλλ represents a connection point with the first or the second polymeric structure. [033] In some embodiments, monomeric units covalently cross-linked have the following formula (Ha): Where: [034] each R is independently selected from the group consisting of -H and -CH 3 ; [035] Z is selected from the group consisting of a bond and a C 1 -C 2 alkylenyl group; and [036] each άλλ / represents a connection point with the first polymeric structure, and each wa represents a connection point with the first or the second polymeric structure. [037] In some embodiments, monomeric units covalently cross-linked have the following formula (llb): [038] In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymer comprises about 8/62 from 0.1 ppm to about 20000 ppm of covalently cross-linked monomer units. In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymer comprises about 0.1 ppm to about 100 ppm covalently cross-linked monomer units. In some embodiments, the composition also comprises a surfactant, a biocide, an antioxidant or a combination of these. In some embodiments, the composition has a viscosity from 0 cps (0 Pa.s) to about 100 cPs (0.1 Pa.s). [039] In some modalities, after exposure to stimuli, the composition has a viscosity of 1 cps (W 3 Pa.s) to about 5000 cPs (5 Pa.s). In some modalities, the stimulus is an increase in temperature. In some modalities, the stimulus is an increase in pH. In some modalities, the stimulus is dilution in water. Detailed description [040] The present invention is directed to cross-linked, water-soluble, high molecular weight, high shear polymers for use in the enhanced oil recovery operations of underground formations containing hydrocarbons (for example, oil or petroleum formations). In methods of oil recovery from underground formations, aqueous compositions containing water-soluble polymers are introduced at the well entrance and in the underground formation containing hydrocarbons. The cross-links are hydrolyzable, allowing changes in the viscosity of the composition after its injection in an underground formation. Aqueous compositions comprising water-soluble cross-linked polymers may have a low viscosity before pumping the solution into a formation, facilitating its injection into the formation at a high rate. The low viscosity solution can be resistant to degradation induced by the high shear experienced during injection. Once injected, the high temperatures and longer residence time within the 9/62 underground formation facilitates the hydrolysis of cross-links, causing an increase in the viscosity of the solution, due to the increase in the hydrodynamic volume of high molecular weight polymers that do not remain cross-linked after hydrolysis. The viscosity of the resulting solution is greater than that of the solution comprising an almost identical polymer that does not have hydrolyzable cross-links. A higher viscosity of the solution allows effective control of the hydrocarbon mobility of the formation, improving the secondary / tertiary recovery of the hydrocarbon. The compositions of the invention offer viscosities in the formations, after activation of the hydrolysis / heat time, greater than those of the previous hydrocarbon recovery polymers, and can degrade much more rapidly under the influence of shear during introduction at the well entrance. Definitions [041] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those understood by those skilled in the art. In case of conflict, the definitions of the present invention prevail. Preferred methods and materials are listed below, although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described in the present invention can be used. All publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned in the present invention are incorporated by reference in their entirety. The materials, methods and examples described in the present invention are illustrative and not limiting. [042] The terms "comprises (m)," includes (in), "presenting", "presents", "can", "contains (ém)" and its variants, as used in the present invention are phrases, terms or words transitional, and do not exclude the possibility of additional acts or structures. The simple forms “one”, “e” and “a / o” include the forms in the 10/62 plural unless the context says otherwise. The present invention also encompasses other terms, such as "comprising", "consisting of", "essentially consisting" of the modalities or elements presented, clearly defined or not. [043] The term "alkyl", as used in the present invention, refers to a simple or branched hydrocarbon radical, preferably having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 39, 30, 31, or 32 carbons. Alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, see-butyl and tert-butyl. Alkyl groups may or may not be substituted by one or more suitable substituents, as defined below. [044] The term "alkenyl" or "alkylene," as used in the present invention, refers to a group derived from a saturated, simple or branched hydrocarbon chain, with 1 to 50 carbon atoms. The term "C 1 -C 6 alkylene" means alkylene or alkylene groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Representative examples of alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to - CH 2 -, - CH (CH 3 ) - CH (C 2 H 5 ) - CH (CH (CH 3 ) (C 2 H 5 )) - C (H) (CH 3 ) CH 2 CH 2 - C (CH 3 ) 2 —CH 2 CH 2 - CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 - CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, and - CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 -. Alkylenyl groups can be substituted or not by one or more substituents, as defined below. [045] The term "alkenyl", as used in the present invention, refers to a simple or branched hydrocarbon radical, preferably having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 39, 30, 31, or 32 carbons and having one or more bonds double carbon-carbon. Alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethylene, 1 propenyl, 2 - propenyl (allyl), iso - propenyl, 2 - methyl - 1 - propenyl, 1 - butenyl and 2 - butenyl. Alkenyl groups may or may not be replaced by one or more 11/62 suitable substituents as defined below. [046] The term "alkenylenyl" or "alkenylene," as used in the present invention, refers to a divalent group derived from single or branched chain hydrocarbons having 2 to 50 carbon atoms, containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond . Representative examples of alkenylenyl groups include, but are not limited to - C (H) = C (H) -, - C (H) = C (H) - CH 2 -, - C (H) = C (H) - CH 2 - CH 2 - - CH 2 - C (H) = C (H) - CH 2 - - C (H) = C (H) - CH (CH 3 ) - and - CH 2 - C (H) = C (H) - CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) -. Alkenyl groups may or may not be substituted by one or more suitable substituents, as defined above. [047] The term "alkynyl", as used in the present invention, refers to a simple or branched hydrocarbon radical, preferably having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 39, 30, 31, or 32 carbons and having one or more bonds carbon-carbon triples. Alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl and butynyl. Alquinyl groups can be substituted or not by one or more substituents, as defined below. [048] The term "alkynylenyl" or "alkynylene," as used in the present invention, refers to a group of divalent unsaturated hydrocarbons derived from a single or branched chain with 2 to 50 carbon atoms, and with at least one triple bond carbon-carbon. Representative examples of alkynylenyl groups include, but are not limited to - C = C -, - C = C - CH 2 -, - CeC - CH 2 - CH 2 -, —CH 2 - CeC - CH 2 - - CeC - CH (CH 3 ) - e - CH 2 - C = C —CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) -. Alkynylenyl groups may or may not be substituted by one or more suitable substituents, as defined below. [049] The term "alkoxy", as used in the present invention, refers to an alkyl group, as defined, attached to a molecular fragment through a 12/62 oxygen atom. [050] The term "aryl", as used in the present invention, means monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic radicals, such as phenyl, naphthyl, tetridronaftyl, indanyl and the like; optionally substituted with one or more suitable substituents, preferably 1 to 5 suitable substituents, as defined below. [051] The term "carbonyl", "(C = O)," or C (O) - "(as used in the terms, such as alkylcarbonyl, alkyl - (C = O) - or alkoxycarbonyl) refers to the bond of the fragment> C = O to a second fragment, such as an alkyl or amino group (i.e., a starch group). Alkoxycarbonylamino (ie, alkoxy (C = O) - NH -) refers to an alkyl carbamate group. The carbonyl group is also defined in the present invention as (C = O). Alkylcarbonylamino refers to groups such as acetamide. [052] The term "cross-linking", as used in the present invention, refers to a bond that joins a monomeric unit from one polymeric chain to another. The bond can be covalent or ionic. [053] The term "cycloalkyl", as used in the present invention, refers to a mono, bicyclic or tricyclic carbocyclic radical (for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclo [ 2.2.1] heptanil, bicycles [3.2.1] octanyl and bicycles [5.2.0] nonanyl, etc.); optionally containing 1 to 2 double bonds. Cycloalkyl groups can be substituted or not with one or more suitable substituents, preferably 1 to 5 suitable substituents, as defined above. [054] The term "halo" or "halogen", as used in the present invention, refers to a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine radical. [055] The term "heteroalkylenyl" or "heteroalkylene", as used in the present invention, refers to a divalent group derived from a chain of 13/62 saturated, simple or branched hydrocarbon, where at least one atom is a heteroatom, such as O, S, N, Si or P. The terms "C1-C24 heteroalkylenyl", "C1-C12 heteroalkylenyl" and "Ci heteroalkylene -C 6 ”refer to heteroalkylene or heteroalkylenyl groups that have 1 to 24 atoms, 1 to 12 atoms or 1 to 6 atoms, respectively, where the atoms are carbon or a hetero atom. Representative examples of heteroalkylenyl groups include, but are not limited to O (CH 2 CH 2 O) n - e - 0 (0Η 2 0Η20Η 2 0) η -, where each n is independently 1 to 12. Heteroalkylenyl groups can be substituted or not with one or more substituents, as defined below. [056] The term "heteroaryl", as used in the present invention, refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic heterocyclic group containing one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S and N in the ring (isis). Heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, thienyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl (eg 1,3 - oxazolyl, 1,2 - oxazolyl), thiazolyl (eg 1, 2 - thiazolyl, 1,3 - thiazolyl), pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazolyl (eg 1,2,3 - triazolyl), oxadiazolyl (eg 1,2,3 - oxadiazolyl), thiadiazolyl (eg 1, 3,4 - thiadiazolyl), quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuryl and indolyl. Heteroaryl groups may or may not be substituted by one or more suitable substituents, preferably 1 to 5 suitable substituents, as defined below. [057] The term "heterocycle", as used in the present invention, refers to a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic group containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, S (O) n, NH or NR X , where R x it is a suitable substituent. Heterocyclic groups optionally contain 1 to 2 double bonds. Heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, azetidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, oxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, tetrahydrothiazinyl, tetrahydro-thiadiazine, 14/62 oxetanil, tetrahydrodiazinyl, oxazinyl, oxatiazinyl, indolinyl, isoidolinyl, quinuclidinyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl and benzoxazinyl. Examples of saturated or partially saturated monocyclic ring systems are tetrahydrofuran - 2 - ila, tetrahydrofuran - 3 - ila, imidazolidin - 1 - ila, imidazolidin - 2 - ila, imidazolidin - 4 ila, pyrrolidin - 1 - ila, pyrrolidin - 2 - ila, pyrrolidin - 3 - ila, piperidin - 1 - ila, piperidin - 2 - ila, piperidin - 3 - ila, piperazin - 1 - ila, piperazin - 2 - ila, piperazin - 3 - ila, 1,3 - oxazolidin - 3 - ila, isothiazolidinyl, 1,3 - thiazolidin - 3 - ila , 1,2 - pyrazolidin - 2 - ila, 1,3 - pyrazolidin - 1 - ila, thiomorpholin - ila, 1,2 - tetrahydrothiazin - 2 - ila, 1,3 tetrahydrothiazin - 3 - ila, tetrahydrothiadiazin - ila, morfolin - ila, 1,2 - tetrahydrodiazin - 2 - ila, 1,3 - tetrahydrodiazin - 1 - ila, 1,4 - oxazin - 2 - ila and 1,2,5 - oxatiazin - 4 - ila. Heterocyclic groups may or may not be substituted by one or more suitable substituents, preferably 1 to 3 suitable substituents, as defined below. [058] The term "high molecular weight", as used in the present invention, attached to a water-soluble polymer, refers to a polymer that has a molecular weight of at least about 500 kDa. In some embodiments, the term "high molecular weight" refers to a polymer that has a molecular weight of at least about 5000 kDa. [059] The term "hydrocarbon fluid", as used in the present invention, refers to an organic compound that consists entirely of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons can be aromatics (arenes), alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes and alkaline compounds. Most hydrocarbons are found naturally in crude oil, where decomposed organic matter offers an abundance of carbon and hydrogen that, when linked, can form seemingly limitless chains. Hydrocarbons can be saturated (alkanes), composed entirely of single bonds and are saturated with hydrogen. The general formula for saturated hydrocarbons is C n H 2n + 2 (considering non-cyclical structures). Saturated hydrocarbons are the basis of oils 15/62 oil and are considered as simple or branched. Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas are called structural isomers. As mentioned in the example of 3 - methylexane and its larger counterparts, branched hydrocarbons can be chiral. Chiral saturated hydrocarbons constitute side chains of biomolecules, such as chlorophyll and tocopherol. Hydrocarbons can be unsaturated, having one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms, such as alkenes and alkynes, as defined above. Hydrocarbons can be cycloalkanes, which are hydrocarbons containing one or more carbon rings to which the hydrogen atoms are attached. Hydrocarbons can be aromatic, also known as arenes, and have at least one aromatic ring. Hydrocarbons can be gases (for example, methane and propane), liquids (for example, hexane and benzene), waxes or low-melting solids (for example, paraffin wax and naphthalene) or polymers (for example, polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene ). Hydrocarbons can be liquid. Liquid hydrocarbon can be any type including, but not limited to, crude oil, heavy oil, processed residual oil, bituminous oil, coking oils, coking gas oils, fluid catalytic cracking filler, diesel, naphtha, catalytic cracking paste fluid, diesel oil, fuel oil, jet fuel, gasoline and kerosene. [060] The term "hydrodynamic volume", as used in the present invention, refers to a measurement of the size of the polymer in the solution where the volume exerts a primary influence on the viscosity of the polymer solution charge. Hydrodynamic volume also refers to the volume of the polymeric chain when it is in the solution. This can vary for a polymer depending on how it interacts with the solvent, and its molecular weight. The properties of the solvent can be influenced by the concentration and type of dissolved ionic species 16/62 into the solvent. [061] The term "hydrolyzable", as used in the present invention, refers to a bond or a fragment that can be cleaved by the addition of water. [062] The term "hydrolyzable crosslink", as used in the present invention, refers to a crosslink as defined above, which can be cleaved by hydrolysis (addition of water). [063] The term "hydroxy", as used in the present invention, refers to an -OH group. [064] "Member atom", as used in the present invention, refers to a polyvalent atom (for example, a C, O, N, S or P atom) in a ring or chain system that forms a part of the chain or ring. For example, in pyridine, five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom are ring member atoms. In diethyl ether, four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom are chain member atoms. Member atoms will be replaced until their normal valence. For example, in an alkylenyl chain, each carbon atom will be replaced with two hydrogen atoms or one hydrogen atom and another substituent (for example, an alkyl group or a hydroxyl group) or two substituents (for example, two alkyl groups) . Alternatively, a carbon atom can be replaced with an oxo group to form a group - C (O) -. [065] The term "oxo", as used in the present invention, refers to a double-bonded oxygen radical (= O), where the bonding pair is a carbon atom. Such a radical can also be considered as a carbonyl group. [066] The term "substituent", as used in the present invention, means a chemically acceptable functional group that is "substituted" at any suitable atom in that group. Suitable substituents include, but are not limited to, halo groups, perfluoroalkyl groups, perfluoroalkoxy groups, alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, hydroxyl groups, oxo groups, groups 17/62 mercapto, alkylthio groups, alkoxy groups, aryl or heteroaryl groups, heteroaryloxy groups, aralkyl or heteroaralkyl groups, aralkoxy or heteroaralkoxy groups, HO - (C = O) groups, heterocyclic groups, cycloalkyl groups, amino groups, alkyl groups and dialkylamino, carbamoyl groups, alkyl carbonyl groups, alkoxy carbonyl groups, alkylamino carbonyl groups, dialkylamino carbonyl groups, aryl carbonyl groups, aryloxycarbonyl groups, alkyl sulfonyl groups, aryl sulfonyl groups, formula groups - (OCH 2 ) tOH, where t is 1 to 25, and groups of the formula alkenyl - (OCH 2 ) tOH, where t is 1 to 25. Those skilled in the art will consider that many substituents can be substituted with additional substituents. [067] The term "container", as used in the present invention, refers to any suitable container that can receive a hydrocarbon fluid that is displaced from an underground formation. Examples of suitable containers include, but are not limited to, piping, tanks, vessels, floating production, storage and transfer units (FPSOs), storage and transfer units (FSOs), or any unit that can transport or store a hydrocarbon fluid . [068] The term "viscosity", as used in the present invention, expressed as the ratio of the shear stress (force per unit area) to the shear rate (change in the proportion of the shear stress) refers to the strength to the flow of a fluid. Viscosity can also be described as the internal friction of a moving fluid. A fluid with a high viscosity can resist movement due to its molecular composition offering significant internal friction. A fluid with low viscosity can flow easily because its molecular composition results in little friction when in motion. [069] For the description of the numerical ranges, each number within the same level of accuracy is covered. For example, in the 6-9 range, the numbers 7 and 8 are 18/62 covered beyond 6 and 9, and for the range of 6.0-7.0, the numbers 6.0, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6 , 6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9 and 7.0 are within the range. 2. Water-soluble polymers [070] The present invention is directed to water-soluble mobility control polymers for use in improved oil recovery. Water-soluble polymers comprise hydrolyzable cross-linked monomer units. These units are hydrolyzed upon exposure to a stimulus, such as a change in temperature or chemical medium (for example, pH, concentration or ionic strength). For example, water-soluble polymers can be incorporated into an aqueous flood fluid, and can be subjected to hydrolysis after the fluid has been introduced into an underground formation. Hydrolyzable crosslinked monomeric units can be covalently linked via a hydrolyzable binder or through ionic interactions between a monomeric unit containing a charged hydrolyzable fragment and a monomeric unit with an opposite charge. [071] When the polymers are dissolved in an aqueous solution, they offer an aqueous polymeric solution with significant shear strength and also with a relatively low viscosity. If the aqueous solution is subjected to altered conditions, such as introduction into an underground formation or increased temperatures, the viscosity may increase to an amount greater than the viscosity of the initial solution, or an amount greater than the viscosity of an aqueous solution comprising the same polymer without hydrolyzable cross-links. [072] The water-soluble polymers of the present invention comprise about 1 mol% to about 99 mol% of acrylamide monomer units. For example, the polymer may comprise about 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 19/62 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 or 99 mol% of acrylamide monomers. In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymers of the present invention comprise about 20 mol% to about 80 mol% of acrylamide monomers. In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymers of the present invention comprise about 60 mol% to about 80 mol% of acrylamide monomers. [073] The water-soluble polymer may comprise additional monomer units, which may be selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid or a salt thereof, methacrylic acid or a salt thereof, 2 - acrylamido - 2 methylpropane sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, acrolein, styrene sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, N - vinyl formamide, N - vinyl pyrrolidone, N, N - dimethylaminoethyl acrylate or a quaternized salt thereof, N, N - dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate or a quaternized salt thereof, N, N - acrylamide dimethylaminopropyl or a quaternized salt thereof, N, N - dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide or a quaternized salt thereof, N, N - dimethyldialylammonium chloride, N, N - diallylamine and a hydrophobic monomer such as lauryl methacrylate. For example, the water-soluble copolymer may also comprise monomeric units selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid or a salt thereof, 2 - acrylamide - 2 - methylpropane sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, acrolein, methyl dimethylaminoethylacrylate (DMAEA) quaternary salt. MCQ), and quaternary salt of methyl dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (DMAEM, MCQ). If present, each of the above monomer units can be included in a polymer in an amount of about 1 mol% to about 99 mol%. For example, the polymer may comprise about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41,42, 43, 44, 45, 46 , 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 20/62 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81.82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 or 99 mol% of the above monomer units. In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymers of the present invention comprise about 10 mol% to about 60 mol% of the above monomer units. In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymers of the present invention comprise about 20 mol% to about 40 mol% of the above monomer units. [074] The water-soluble polymer of the invention can be a homopolymer (for example, an acrylamide homopolymer) or a copolymer or a terpolymer. In the case of copolymers and terpolymers, the polymer can be an alternating copolymer, a periodic copolymer, a random copolymer or a block copolymer (for example, a diblock or triblock copolymer). The polymer can be linear or branched (for example, a hyper-branched or a dendritic). [075] After exposure of a solution containing the water-soluble polymer to an external stimulus such as an increase in temperature or a change in the chemical environment, such as pH, concentration or ionic strength (for example, after injection into an underground formation), and hydrolysis of any crosslinked monomeric unit, the water-soluble polymer of the invention can have a molecular weight greater than about 500 kDa, or from about 500 kDa to about 50000 kDa, or from about 1000 kDa to about 25000 KDa. For example, a water-soluble polymer can have a molecular weight of about 500 kDa, 600 kDa, 700 kDa, 800 kDa, 900 kDa, 1000 kDa, 1100 kDa, 1200 kDa, 1300 kDa, 1400 kDa, 1500 kDa, 1600 kDa, 1700 kDa, 1800 kDa, 1900 kDa, 2000 kDa, 2100 kDa, 2200 kDa, 2300 kDa, 2400 kDa, 2500 kDa, 2600 kDa, 2700 kDa, 2800 kDa, 2900 kDa, 3000 kDa, 3100 kDa, 3200 kDa, 3300 kDa, 3400 kDa, 3500 kDa, 3600 kDa, 3700 kDa, 3800 kDa, 3900 kDa, 4000 kDa, 4100 kDa, 4200 kDa, 4300 kDa, 4400 kDa, 4500 kDa, 4600 kDa, 4700 kDa, 4800 kDa, 4900 kDa, 5000 kDa, 5100 kDa, 5200 21/62 kDa, 5300 kDa, 5400 kDa, 5500 kDa, 5600 kDa, 5700 kDa, 5800 kDa, 5900 kDa, 6000 kDa, 6100 kDa, 6200 kDa, 6300 kDa, 6400 kDa, 6500 kDa, 6600 kDa, 6600 kDa, 6800 kDa, 6900 kDa, 7000 kDa, 7100 kDa, 7200 kDa, 7300 kDa, 7400 kDa, 7500 kDa, 7600 kDa, 7700 kDa, 7800 kDa, 7900 kDa, 8000 kDa, 8100 kDa, 8200 kDa, 8300 kDa, 8400 kDa, 8500 kDa, 8600 kDa, 8700 kDa, 8800 kDa, 8900 kDa, 9000 kDa, 9100 kDa, 9200 kDa, 9300 kDa, 9400 kDa, 9500 kDa, 9600 kDa, 9700 kDa, 9800 kDa, 9900 kDa, 10000 kDa, 11000 kDa, 12000 kDa, 13000 kDa, 14000 kDa, 15000 kDa, 15000 kDa, 15000 kDa .17000 kDa, 18000 kDa, 19000 kDa, 20000 kDa, 21000 kDa, 22000 kDa, 23000 kDa, 24000 kDa, 25000 kDa, 26000 kDa, 27000 kDa, 28000 kDa, 29000 kDa, 30000 kDa, 31000 kDa, 32000 kDa, 32000 kDa, 32000 kDa kDa, 34000 kDa, 35000 kDa, 36000 kDa, 37000 kDa, 38000 kDa, 39000 kDa, 400000 kDa, 41000 kDa, 42000 kDa, 43000 kDa, 44000 kDa, 45000 kDa, 46000 kDa, 47000 kDa, 48000 kDa, 49000 kDa, 49000 kDa 50,000 kDa. Molecular weights can be greater than 50,000 kDa if some cross-links are not hydrolyzed. [076] After injection into an underground formation and hydrolysis of any monomeric cross-linked units, the water-soluble polymer of the invention can have a charge level (for example, an anionic charge level) of about 10 to about 75 mol% . For example, a water-soluble polymer can have a charge level of about 10 mol%, 11 mol%, 12 mol%, 13 mol%, 14 mol%, 15 mol%, 16 mol%, 17 mol%, 18 mol% , 19 mol%, 20 mol%, 21 mol%, 22 mol%, 23 mol%, 24 mol%, 25 mol%, 26 mol%, 27 mol%, 28 mol%, 29 mol%, 30 mol%, 31 mol%, 32 mol%, 33 mol%, 34 mol%, 35 mol%, 36 mol%, 37 mol%, 38 mol%, 39 mol%, 40 mol%, 41 mol%, 42 mol%, 43 mol% , 44 mol%, 45 mol%, 46 mol%, 47 mol%, 48 mol%, 49 mol%, 50 mol%, 51 mol%, 52 mol%, 53 mol%, 54 mol%, 55 mol%, 56 mol%, 57 mol%, 58 mol%, 59 mol%, 60 mol%, 61 mol%, 62 mol%, 63 mol%, 64 mol%, 65 mol%, 66 mol%, 67 mol%, 68 mol% , 69 mol%, 70 mol%, 71 mol%, 72 mol%, 73 mol%, 74 mol%, or 75 mol%. In some 22/62 embodiments, the water-soluble polymers of the present invention have a charge level of about 10 mol% to about 60 mol%. In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymers of the present invention have a charge level of about 10 mol% to about 40 mol%. a.Hydrolyzable ionic cross-links [077] Water-soluble polymers can include monomeric units that are cross-linked through an ionic interaction between a monomeric unit containing a hydrolyzable charged fragment and a monomeric unit containing an opposite charge. For example, monomeric units ionically crosslinked may include a monomeric unit containing a positively charged hydrolyzable fragment, such as a quaternary amine, which interacts with a negatively charged fragment in the polymer. In another example, monomeric units ionically crosslinked may include a monomeric unit containing a negatively charged hydrolyzable fragment, such as a carboxylic acid, which interacts with a positively charged fragment in the polymer, such as a quaternary amine. [078] For example, the water-soluble polymer may include at least one mere unit derived from monomer having the following formula (I): Where: [079] R is selected from the group consisting of -H, C1-C24 alkyl, C2-C24 alkenyl θ C2-C24 alkynyl; [080] each R a is independently selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C1-C50 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C50 alkenyl and optionally substituted aryl; 23/62 A is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR b ; [081] R b is selected from the group consisting of -H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C 2 -C 2 4 alkenyl and optionally substituted C 2 C 24 alkynyl; [082] B is selected from the group consisting of C 24 -C alquilenila optionally substituted, C 2 -C 24 alquenilenila optionally substituted, alquinilenila C 2 -C 24 heteroalquilenila and optionally substituted C 2 -C 24 optionally substituted; Z ® is an anion; and each vrwv represents a point of attachment of the polymer structure. [083] In some modalities, R is - H. In some modalities, R is CH 3 . In some modalities, A is O. In some modalities, A is NH. In some embodiments, B is C 2 alkenyl (ie, CH 2 - CH 2 In some embodiments, B comprises at least one ethylene glycol (ie, - O - CH 2 - CH 2 - O -) or propylene glycol fragment (ie, - O - CH 2 - CH 2 - CH 2 - O - In some embodiments each R a is -CH 3. Z ®is any suitable anion, such as a halide (eg fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide), acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, nitrate, methanesulfonate, p - toluenesulfonate or similar In some embodiments, Z ® is chloride or methanesulfonate. [084] Examples of hydrolyzable monomer units that include positively charged fragments are quaternary salt of methyl chloride N, N dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (DMAEA, MCQ), quaternary salt of methyl dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (DMAEM, MCQ), quaternary methyl chloride salt N, N dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, and quaternary salt of methyl chloride N, N dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide. [085] An example of a hydrolyzable ionic crosslinked monomeric unit is a DMAE.MCQ or DMAEM.MCQ that interacts with a unit 24/62 monomeric acrylate to form an ionic crosslink. The ester fragment of DMAEA.MCQ or DMAEM.MCQ can be subjected to hydrolysis to release the positively charged quaternary salt group, thereby breaking the crosslink. [086] Ion-crosslinked polymers can be prepared by polymerizing a mixture including monomers containing a charged hydrolyzable fragment and monomeric units containing an opposite charge. For example, a polymer can be prepared by polymerizing a mixture containing acrylamide monomers, acrylate monomers (eg sodium acrylate) and monomers having the following formula (Ia): R ^ k ^ AN (R a ) 3 Θ B © Z 0 (Ia) where: [087] R is selected from the group consisting of -H, C1-C24 alkyl, C2-C24 alkenyl θ C2-C24 alkynyl; [088] each R a is independently selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C1-C50 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C50 alkenyl and optionally substituted aryl; A is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR b ; [089] R b is selected from the group consisting of -H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenyl and optionally substituted C2C24 alkynyl; [090] B is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-C24 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenylenyl and optionally substituted C2-C24 heteroalkylenyl; 25/62 Z ® is an anion. [091] In some modalities, R is - H. In some modalities, R is CH 3 . In some modalities, A is O. In some modalities, A is NH. In some embodiments, B is C 2 alkenyl (ie, CH 2 - CH 2 In some embodiments, B comprises at least one ethylene glycol (ie, - O - CH 2 - CH 2 - O -) or propylene glycol fragment (ie, - O - CH 2 - CH 2 - CH 2 - O - In some embodiments each R a is -CH 3. Z ®is any suitable anion, such as a halide (eg fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide), acetate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, nitrate, methanesulfonate, p - toluenesulfonate or the like In some embodiments, Z θ is chloride or methanesulfonate. [092] Following polymerization to produce the cross-linked ionically bonded polymer, the positively charged monomer units derived from monomers of formula (Ia) will interact ionically with the negatively charged monomer units derived from acrylate monomers to produce the ionic crosslink. When included in a water-soluble polymer, the crosslinked monomer units can be present in the polymer in an amount of about 1 mol% to about 25 mol%, or about 1 mol% to about 10 mol% of the monomer units in the polymer. For example, ionic monomeric cross-linked units may be included in the polymer in an amount of about 1 mol%, 2 mol%, 3 mol%, 4 mol%, 5 mol%, 6 mol%, 7 mol%, 8 mol%, 9 mol%, 10 mol%, 11 mol%, 12 mol%, 13 mol%, 14 mol%, 15 mol%, 16 mol%, 17 mol%, 18 mol%, 19 mol%, 20 mol% , 21 mol%, 22 mol%, 23 mol%, 24 mol%, or 25 mol% of the total monomer units in the polymer. B. Hydrolyzable covalent cross-links [093] Polymers can include monomer units that are cross-linked via a hydrolyzable covalent linker. As an example of a hydrolyzable covalent crosslink, two monomer units can be 26/62 linked through a fragment that includes at least one hydrolyzable group such as an ester, carbonate, oxalate, acetal, hemiacetal, hemiaminal or the like. The crosslinked fragment can include up to about 1000 member atoms, and straight and / or branched chains, ring structures and optional substituents. Any suitable fragment capable of cross-linking two monomer units, and having at least one hydrolyzable group, can be used. [094] For example, monomeric units covalently cross-linked may have the following formula (II): Where: each X is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR b ; [095] each R b is independently selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C 2 -C 2 4 alkenyl and optionally substituted C 2 -C 24 alkynyl; [096] each R is independently selected from the group consisting of -H, Ci-C24 alkyl optionally substituted, C 2 -C 24 alkenyl optionally substituted alkynyl and C 2 -C 24 optionally substituted; [097] Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond and a linker comprising 1 to about 1000 atoms; and [098] each άλλ / represents a connection point with the first polymeric structure and each represents a connection point with the first or the second polymeric structure. [099] In some modalities, each X is O. In some modalities, each X is NH. In some embodiments, Y is a link. In some embodiments, Y is a C 1 -C 30 alkylenyl group. In some modalities, Y comprises at least 27/62 an oxalate group. In some embodiments, Y comprises at least one carbonate group. In some embodiments, Y comprises at least one fragment of ethylene glycol (ie, - OCH 2 CH 2 O In some embodiments, Y comprises at least one fragment of propylene glycol (ie, - OCH 2 CH 2 O In some embodiments, Y comprises at least one propylene glycol fragment (ie OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O [0100] For example, monomeric units covalently cross-linked to formula (II) can have any of the following formulas: [third fixed structure ] 28/62 [0101] where each m is 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9,10,11 or 12; each n is 0, 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 , 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 or 30; each p is 0 or 1; each R is independently selected from the group consisting of - H and - CH 3 ; and each R 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of - H and C 1 -C 2 alkyl. [0102] Monomeric units covalently cross-linked have the following formula (Ha): Where: [0103] each R is independently selected from the group consisting of H and -CH 3 ; [0104] Z is selected from the group consisting of a bond and a C 1 -C 2 alkylenyl group; and [0105] each v / vw represents a connection point with the first polymeric structure, and each wa represents a connection point with the first or the second polymeric structure. [0106] In a formula modality (Ha), the monomeric units covalently cross-linked have the following formula (Hb): 29/62 [0107] Other examples of cross-linked monomer units include those having phenylene groups, quaternary amine groups, carbonate groups and the like. For example, monomeric units covalently cross-linked have any of the following formulas: [0108] Other examples of crosslinked monomer units include those that offer more than two points of attachment to the polymer chain structure. Examples of such monomer units include the following: 30/62 [0109] The monomeric units with cross-links identified above can be produced in several different ways. For example, two monomer units of acrylamide or methacrylamide can be cross linked by adding a dialdehyde compound to a polymer solution. Suitable dialdehyde compounds include, but are not limited to, glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, starch dialdehyde or any compound having two or more aldehyde groups. [0110] Alternatively, monomeric units of the polymer can be 31/62 cross-linked during polymer synthesis, by including a monomer in the polymerization reaction using the following formula (III): o o (UI) where: each X is selected from the group consisting of O, S and NR b ; [0111] each R b is independently selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenyl and optionally substituted C2-C24 alkynyl; [0112] each R is independently selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-C24 alkenyl and optionally substituted C2-C24 alkynyl; [0113] Y is selected from the group consisting of a bond and a linker comprising 1 to about 100 atoms. [0114] The monomer of formula (III) can be formed immediately before the polymerization process, for example, by adding a dialdehyde compound to a solution of an acrylamide or methacrylamide monomer just before the polymerization reaction. Alternatively, the monomer of formula (III) can be prepared in situ by adding a dialdehyde compound to a reaction mixture during the polymerization reaction. [0115] An example of a monomeric unit may have the following formula (llla): o oh oh o (Hla) where: [0116] each R is independently selected from the group consisting of 32/62 H, C1 -C24 alkyl optionally substituted, alkenyl C 2 -C 4 2 and optionally substituted C 2 -C 2 alkynyl optionally substituted 4; and [0117] L is selected from the group consisting of a bond and an optionally substituted C1-C12 alkenyl group. [0118] A particular example of a compound that can be included during polymer synthesis is N, N '- (1,2 - dihydroxyethylene) bisacrylamide, also known as glyoxal bis (acrylamide). The glyoxal bis (acrylamide) can be added to the polymerization reaction, or it can be formed immediately before or during the polymerization process, by, for example, adding the glyoxal to the polymerization reaction. [0119] As another example, a hydrolyzable direct covalent bond can be formed between two monomer units. In such examples, a polymer having an acrylamide or methacrylamide monomeric unit and an acrolein monomeric unit can be subjected to a reaction to form a covalent bond, for example, as follows: OH Ο ΛΛΛ [0120] where R is selected from the group consisting of -H, optionally substituted C1-C24 alkyl, optionally substituted C 2 -C 2 4 alkenyl and optionally substituted C 2 C 2 4 alkynyl, and each> ^ vw represents a connection point with the first polymeric structure and each λλλλ represents a connection point with the first or the second polymeric structure. In some embodiments, R is selected from the group consisting of -H and - CH 3 . [0121] In modalities where the hydrolyzable monomeric units with covalently crossed bonds are included in a polymer, by the addition of a bifunctional hydrolyzable monomeric unit in the polymerization, such as a 33/62 compound of formula (III), or of a dialdehyde compound as a cross linker. Cross-linked monomer units can be included in a polymer in an amount of about 0.1 ppm to about 20000 ppm based on the weight of the polymer. For example, crosslinked monomer units can be included in a polymer in an amount of about 0.1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 5000 ppm, about 0.1 ppm at about 1000 ppm, or about 0.1 ppm to about 100 ppm. For example, crosslinked monomer units can be included in a polymer in an amount of about 0.1 ppm, 0.2 ppm, 0.3 ppm, 0.4 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 0.6 ppm, 0.7 ppm, 0.8 ppm, 0.9 ppm, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, 5 ppm, 6 ppm, 7 ppm, 8 ppm, 9 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm, 50 ppm, 60 ppm , 70 ppm, 80 ppm, 90 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, 500 ppm, 600 ppm, 700 ppm, 800 ppm, 900 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 3000 ppm, 4000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 6000 ppm, 7000 ppm, 8000 ppm, 9000 ppm, 10000 ppm, 11000 ppm, 12000 ppm, 13000 ppm, 14000 ppm, 15000 ppm, 16000 ppm, 17000 ppm, 18000 ppm, 19000 ppm, or 20000 ppm. ç. Synthesis methods [0122] Water-soluble polymers can be synthesized by any means known in the art, such as, for example, radical polymerization. For example, representative polymers can be prepared by free radical polymerization of acrylamide and other vinyl monomers, optionally including a hydrolyzable cross-linked monomer (for example, a compound of formula (Ia) or a compound of formula (III) or (lla), such as glyoxal bis (acrylamide) Other additives can optionally be added, including some that can form the desired hydrolyzable cross-links in the polymer, before, during or after the polymerization reaction. [0123] In a typical synthesis, the monomer (s) is (are) dissolved in water 34/62 and the pH of the monomeric solution is adjusted to a target level. The monomeric solution is then purged with an inert gas such as nitrogen to remove all traces of oxygen, which can inhibit the free radical polymerization reaction. Optionally, the monomeric solution can be suspended in an emulsion formed by the addition of a water-miscible solvent, such as a hydrocarbon oil, together with emulsifying surfactants, such as sorbitan monooleate and / or ethoxylated sorbitan monostearates. The polymerization is then initiated by the addition of a small amount of a free radical initiator. Free radical initiators generally decompose to produce free radicals by thermal, photochemical, redox or hybrid mechanisms. Examples of thermal initiators include, but are not limited to, azo compounds, such as 2,2 'azobisisobutyronitrile. Examples of redox initiators include, but are not limited to, t - butylhydroperoxide / ferrous ion and ammonium persulfate / sodium bisulfite. The polymerization reaction is generally conducted between temperatures of about 10 ° C and about 110 ° C. [0124] Once the polymerization reaction is completed, an optional step can be performed to decrease the residual monomer content of the product. This is achieved, when desired, by heating the reaction product for an additional period of time, or by adding initiators or other additives that will react with the residual monomer, or by combining both forms. Additional processing steps can be optionally performed, for example, to adjust the pH of the product, to remove water or other solvents from the reaction product to obtain a solid polymeric product. The final polymeric product is then determined by choosing the formula and the processing steps employed, so that a polymeric product composed of a liquid solution, a liquid emulsion or a dry solid can be obtained. [0125] In an example of the formula modality (Illa), the structure of 35/62 demonstrated hydrolyzable crosslinking is composed of a fragment derived from glyoxal and two fragments derived from acrylamide. This type of hydrolyzable crosslink can be produced in the polymer in several ways, since the reaction used to form the crosslink can be obtained under reversible reaction conditions. For example, glyoxal bis (acrylamide) monomer, formed by a reaction between glyoxal and acrylamide, can be added as a comonomer to the polymerization reaction. Alternatively, glyoxal can be added to the final reaction product after the polymerization reaction, where it can react with the polymer to form the desired hydrolyzable cross-links, under appropriate conditions. One skilled in the art will recognize that any compound that produces glyoxal in these reaction conditions can also be used. Such compounds include, but are not limited to, glyoxal-containing hydrolyzable polymers, adducts formed from glyoxal and amines, adducts formed from glyoxal and amides, or acetals formed from glyoxal. [0126] 3. Methods for recovering hydrocarbon fluid from underground formations [0127] The present invention is directed to a method for recovering a hydrocarbon fluid from underground formation. The method comprises the introduction of an aqueous flood fluid in the formation, as described below, which has a low viscosity, however, the polymer is resistant to shear as it is introduced and moves through the well entrance, but increases the viscosity once present in the underground formation, thus displacing the hydrocarbon fluid to one or more production containers. [0128] The invention can also be directed to a method for recovering a hydrocarbon fluid from an underground formation comprising (1) introducing an aqueous flood fluid into the formation 36/62 showing a viscosity of about 0 cPs (0 Pa.s) to about 100 cPs (0.1 Pa.s), where, after the introduction of the aqueous flood fluid in the formation, its viscosity increases to about from 1 cPs (W 3 Pa.s) to about 5000 cPs (5 Pa.s); and (2) displacing the hydrocarbon fluid in the formation to one or more production containers. [0129] To effectively move the hydrocarbon fluid from an underground formation using the method discussed above, the aqueous flood fluid must have a sufficiently high viscosity. When injected into the underground formation, a flood fluid with low viscosity can look for a passage of less resistance in the reservoir and, thus, divert large amounts of oil. By increasing the viscosity to approach the oil, the mobility of the aqueous flood fluid is reduced, facilitating the displacement of the oil from the formation. The aqueous flood fluid of the present invention comprises a high molecular weight water-soluble polymer which, once activated in the underground formation (as will be described below below), has a large hydrodynamic volume which exerts a primary influence on the viscosity of the solution charge. The high viscosity of the flood fluid load assists in displacing the oil from the formation to one or more production vessels. [0130] Although a high charge viscosity is desirable when the aqueous flood fluid is in the underground formation, it is difficult to inject high viscosity solutions at a sufficiently high rate. In addition, water-soluble polymers can undergo significant shear during the injection process, reducing the molecular weight and hydrodynamic volume of the polymer, and the viscosity of the aqueous flood fluid, which affects oil displacement. The present invention is therefore directed to an aqueous flood fluid comprising shear-resistant, high molecular weight polymers that are temporarily cross-linked prior to injection 37/62 of the aqueous flood fluid in the underground formation. The temporary cross-linking through hydrolyzable binders temporarily reduces the hydrodynamic volume and consequently the viscosity of the solution before and during the introduction or injection of the aqueous flood fluid into the underground formation. This reduction in viscosity facilitates injection at the well entrance, and also offers significant shear strength for the polymer. [0131] Once the aqueous flood fluid reaches underground formations, the crosslinks are hydrolyzed, and after exposure to high temperatures in the formation, the crosslinks are also hydrolyzed so that high molecular weight polymers do not present them. The release of cross-links results in an increase in hydrodynamic volume, producing a viscosity that is equal to or greater than the viscosity of the aqueous flood fluid prior to injection. The high viscosity aqueous flood fluid can then effectively displace hydrocarbons from the underground formation. [0132] In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymer according to the invention can be activated prior to introduction into the underground formation. For example, an aqueous flood fluid comprising hydrolyzable cross-linked monomer units can be exposed to a stimulus, such as an increase in temperature or pH, or a reduction in concentration to activate cross-link hydrolysis. Such activation results in an increase in viscosity. The activated aqueous flood fluid can subsequently be introduced into an underground formation in these modalities. Aqueous flood fluid [0133] The method employs an aqueous flood fluid to displace hydrocarbons from the underground formation. The aqueous flood fluid of the present invention comprises a water-soluble polymer as described above. In some embodiments of the present invention, the aqueous flood fluid 38/62 has an initial viscosity of about 0 cPs (0 Pa.s) to about 100 cPs (0.1 Pa.s). After the introduction of the aqueous flood fluid in an underground formation, it has a viscosity of about 1 cPs (W 3 Pa.s) to about 5000 cPs (5 Pa.s). In some embodiments of the present invention, the aqueous flood fluid comprises hydrolyzable crosslinked monomer units. These units are hydrolyzed after the introduction of the aqueous flood fluid into the underground formation, and the viscosity of the solution after hydrolysis is the same or greater than the viscosity of the composition before injection. [0134] The water-soluble polymer can be included in an aqueous flood fluid in an amount of about 100 ppm to about 10,000 ppm. For example, the polymer can be included in the aqueous flood fluid in a creca amount of 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, 500 ppm, 600 ppm, 700 ppm, 800 ppm, 900 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1100 ppm, 1200 ppm, 1300 ppm, 1400 ppm, 1500 ppm, 1600 ppm, 1700 ppm, 1800 ppm, 1900 ppm, 2000 ppm, 2100 ppm, 2200 ppm, 2300 ppm, 2400 ppm, 2500 ppm, 2600 ppm, 2700 ppm, 2800 ppm, 2900 ppm, 3000 ppm, 3500 ppm, 4000 ppm, 4500 ppm, 5000 ppm, 5500 ppm, 6000 ppm, 6500 ppm, 7000 ppm, 7500 ppm, 8000 ppm, 8500 ppm, 9000 ppm, 9500 ppm, or 10,000 ppm. In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymer can be included in an aqueous flood fluid in an amount of about 100 ppm to about 3000 ppm. B. Viscosity [0135] Prior to injection in an underground formation, an aqueous flood fluid can have a viscosity of about 0 cPs (0 Pa.s) to about 100 cPs (0.1 Pa.s). For example, the aqueous flood fluid may have a viscosity of about 0 cPs (0 Pa.s), 0.001 cPs (W 6 Pa.s), 0.01 cPs (W 5 Pa.s), 0.1 cPs (W 4 Pa.s), 0.2 cPs 2 x 10 ' 4 Pa.s), 0.3 cPs 3 x 10' 4 Pa.s), 0.4 cPs (4 x 10 ' 4 Pa.s) , 0.5 cPs (5 x 10 ' 4 Pa.s), 0.6 cPs (6 x 10' 4 Pa.s), 0.7 cPs (7 x 10 ' 4 39/62 Pa.s), 0.8 cPs (8 χ 10-4 Pa.s), 0.9 cPs (9 χ 10 ' 4 Pa.s), 1 cPs (W 3 Pa.s), 2 cPs (2 χ 10 ' 3 Pa.s), 3 cPs (3 χ 10' 3 Pa.s), 4 cPs (4 χ 10 ' 3 Pa.s), 5 cPs (5 χ 10' 3 Pa.s), 6 cPs ( 6 χ 10 ' 3 Pa.s), 7 cPs (7 χ 10' 3 Pa.s), 8 cPs (8 χ 10 ' 3 Pa.s), 9 cPs (9 χ 10' 3 Pa.s), 10 cPs (0.01 Pa.s), 15 cPs (0.15 Pa.s), 20 cPs (0.02 Pa.s), 25 cPs (0.03 Pa.s), 30 cPs (0.03 Pa .s), 35 cPs (0.04 Pa.s), 40 cPs (0.04 Pa.s), 45 cPs (0.05 Pa.s), 50 cPs (0.05 Pa.s), 55 cPs (0.06 Pa.s), 60 cPs (0.06 Pa.s), 65 cPs (0.07 Pa.s), 70 cPs (0.07 Pa.s), 75 cPs (0.08 Pa. s), 80 cPs (0.08 Pa.s), 85 cPs (0.09 Pa.s), 90 cPs (0.09 Pa.s), 95 cPs (0.1 Pa.s) or 100 cPs ( 0.1 Pa.s). In some embodiments, an aqueous flood fluid can have a viscosity of about 0.01 cPs (W 5 Pa.s) to about 100 cPs (0.1 Pa.s). In some embodiments, an aqueous flood fluid can have a viscosity of about 0.01 cPs (W 5 Pa.s) to about 100 cPs (0.1 Pa.s). In some embodiments, an aqueous flood fluid can have a viscosity of about 0.1 cPs (W 4 Pa.s) to about 20 cPs (0.02 Pa.s). In some embodiments, an aqueous flood fluid can have a viscosity of about 0.1 cPs (10 ' 4 Pa.s) to about 10 cPs (0.01 Pa.s). [0136] After exposure to a stimulus or a change in conditions, such as temperature, pH, concentration, salt content or the like (for example, introduction into an underground formation or addition to synthetic seawater), the viscosity of the fluid Aqueous flood pressure may be equal to or greater than the viscosity of the fluid prior to the stimulus, or the viscosity may be equal to or greater than the viscosity of a fluid comprising a corresponding water-soluble polymer without hydrolyzable cross-links. For example, after injection, the aqueous flood fluid can have a viscosity from about 1 cPs (10 ' 3 Pa.s) to about 5000 cPs (5 Pa.s), for example, 1 cPs (10' 3 Pa.s), 5 cPs (0.01 Pa.s), 10 cPs (0.01 Pa.s), 20 cPs (0.02 Pa.s), 30 cPs (0.03 Pa.s), 40 cPs (0.04 Pa.s), 50 cPs (0.05 Pa.s), 60 cPs (0.06 Pa.s), 70 cPs (0.07 Pa.s), 80 cPs (0.08 Pa) .s), 90 cPs (0.09 Pa.s), 100 cPs (0.1 Pa.s), 150 cPs (0.15 Pa.s), 200 cPs (0.2 Pa.s), 250 40/62 cPs (0.25 Pa.s), 300 cPs (0.3 Pa.s) 350 cPs (0.35 Pa.s), 400 cPs (0.4 Pa.s), 450 cPs (0, 45 Pa.s), 500 cPs (0.5 Pa.s), 550 cPs (0.55 Pa.s) 600 cPs (0.6 Pa.s), 650 cPs (0.65 Pa.s), 700 cPs (0.7 Pa.s), 750 cPs (0.75 Pa.s), 800 cPs (0.8 Pa.s), 850 cPs (0.85 Pa.s), 900 cPs (0.9 Pa .s), 950 cPs (0.95 Pa.s), 1000 cPs (1 Pa.s), 1100 cPs (1.1 Pa.s), 1200 cPs (1.2 Pa.s), 1300 cPs (1 , 3 Pa.s), 1400 cPs (1.4 Pa.s), 1500 cPs (1.5 Pa.s), 1600 cPs (1.6 Pa.s), 1700 cPs (1.7 Pa.s) , 1800 cPs (1.8 Pa.s), 1900 cPs (1.9 Pa.s), 2000 cPs (2 Pa.s), 2100 cPs (2.1 Pa.s), 2200 cPs (2.2 Pa .s), 2300 cPs (2.3 Pa.s), 2400 cPs (2.4 Pa.s), 2500 cPs (2.5 Pa.s), 2600 cPs (2.6 Pa.s), 2700 cPs (2.7 Pa.s), 2800 cPs (2.8 Pa.s), 2900 cPs (2.9 Pa.s), 3000 cPs (3 Pa.s), 3100 cPs (3.1 Pa.s) , 3200 cPs (3.2 Pa.s), 3300 cPs (3.3 Pa.s), 3400 cPs (3.4 Pa.s), 3500 cPs (3.5 Pa.s), 3600 cPs (3, 6 Pa.s), 3700 cPs (3.7 Pa.s), 3800 cPs (3.8 Pa.s), 3900 cPs (3.9 Pa.s), 4000 cPs (4 Pa.s), 4100 cPs (4.1 Pa.s), 4200 cPs (4.2 Pa.s), 4300 cP s (4.3 Pa.s), 4400 cPs (4.4 Pa.s), 4500 cPs (4.5 Pa.s), 4600 cPs (4.6 Pa.s), 4700 cPs (4.7 Pa .s), 4800 cPs (4.8 Pa.s), 4900 cPs (4.9 Pa.s), or 5000 cPs (5 Pa.s). ç. Filtration capacity [0137] Aqueous flooding fluids comprising the water-soluble polymers described above remain water-soluble after introduction into an underground formation. After injection in the formation, environmental conditions cause the hydrolysis of the cross-links in the water-soluble polymers described above, providing a viscous aqueous flood fluid. For the aqueous flood fluid to improve the mobility of the oil in the formation and the efficiency of the aqueous polymer fluid reach, the water-soluble polymer that provides viscosity to the flood fluid must be able to move freely through the formation, without blocking the pores of the water. formation. The desirable function of mobility control in improved oil recovery is opposed to the improved polymer-assisted EOR recovery method called conformity control, where polymers are injected into the formation for the purpose of forming gels 41/62 with cross-links or insoluble polymers that block some of the pores in the formation. Such pore blocking improves the properties of the underground formation, rather than improving the properties of the aqueous flood fluid. [0138] Mobility control polymers, such as those described above, must therefore remain water-soluble and not impede the flow of aqueous flood fluid in the formation. A laboratory test recognized for measuring the ability of an aqueous flood fluid to move through the underground formation without blocking the formation pores is called a filtration ratio test. An example of this type of test is described in the American Petroleum Institute's RP 63 standards. In a filtration ratio test, a standard volume of an aqueous flood fluid containing a specific concentration of the polymer is passed through a filter under constant pressure. The time required for the solution to pass through the filter is recorded with specific volumes of solution. The filtration ratio is calculated as the ratio of the filtration time of the final portion of the solution to the filtration time for the initial portion, of equal volume of the solution. Preferably, the aqueous flood fluid should pass through the filter at a constant rate during the test, causing no pore blockage during filtration, so that the proportion of the filter remains equal to one. The measured filtration ratio is generally above one, however, an upper limit for the filtration ratio subjected to a specific group of conditions is normally used to determine the suitability of the aqueous flood fluid for use in a mobility control application. d. Shear strength [0139] The aqueous flood fluid comprises the water-soluble polymers described above and exhibits improved shear strength. Polymers used to control mobility in improved oil recovery 42/62 are generally of high molecular weight, have no cross-links and are sensitive to the shear forces experienced by the aqueous flood fluid containing polymers, as it is injected into the formation, and circulating in the formation near the well entrance . Any bottleneck in this region of high flow velocity can cause a shear-induced mechanical degradation of the molecular weight of the polymer, resulting in an undesirable reduction in the viscosity of the aqueous flood fluid. Viscous polymer solutions with high molecular weight, desirable for controlling mobility, are especially sensitive to shear degradation. Even with the use of measurements designed to minimize shear degradation of the injected aqueous flood fluid, a loss of viscosity of up to 25% of the initial viscosity is common, and a loss of viscosity of up to 80% or greater is possible. [0140] Shear-induced degradation of fluid viscosity can be measured using an industry-recognized test, such as the RP 63 standard, described at the American Petroleum Institute, where the aqueous flood fluid is passed through a small orifice under high pressure . The difference in fluid viscosity before and after the choke point is measured to indicate the amount of shear degradation of the viscosity of the flood fluid. Alternatively, a simple mixer test can be used to induce shear degradation of the aqueous flood fluid. The amount of viscosity loss observed with increased shear times in the mixer can be measured and used to determine the relative shear stability of flooding fluids with different types of polymers. [0141] The aqueous flood fluids comprising water-soluble polymers of the present invention can offer significant shear strength. For example, when subjected to shear conditions, such 43/62 as a mixer test, the standard RP 63 test or injection into an underground formation, the aqueous flood fluids of the present invention can be subjected to a viscosity loss of less than 50%, less than 49%, less than 48%, less than 47%, less than 46%, less than 45%, less than 44%, less than 43%, less than 42%, less than 41%, less than than 40%, less than 39%, less than 38%, less than 37%, less than 36%, less than 35%, less than 34%, less than 33%, less than 32 %, less than 31%, less than 30%, less than 29%, less than 28%, less than 27%, less than 26%, less than 25%, less than 24%, less than 23%, less than 22%, less than 21%, less than 20%, less than 19%, less than 18%, less than 17%, less than 16%, less than than 15%, less than 14%, less than 13%, less than 12%, less than 11%, less than 10%, less than 9%, less than 8%, less than 7 %, m less than 6%, less than 5%, less than 4%, less than 3%, less than 2%, or less than 1%. and. Additional components [0142] In addition to the water-soluble polymer, an aqueous flood fluid can also optionally include one or more additives. Suitable additives include, but are not limited to synergistic compounds, asphaltene inhibitors, paraffin inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, emulsifiers, water clarifiers, dispersants, emulsion breakers, hydrogen sulphide hijackers, gas hydrate inhibitors , biocides, pH modifiers, surfactants, antioxidants and solvents. f. Corrosion inhibitors [0143] The aqueous flood fluid can also comprise a corrosion inhibitor. Suitable inhibitors include, but are not limited to, amidoamines, quaternary amines, amides and phosphate esters. 44/62 g. Scale inhibitors [0144] The aqueous flood fluid may also comprise a scale inhibitor. Suitable scale inhibitors include, but are not limited to, phosphates, phosphate esters, phosphoric acids, phosphonates, phosphonic acids, polyacrylamides, acrylamide sulfonate copolymer salts - methyl propane / acrylic acid (AMPS / AA), maleic phosphate copolymer (PHOS / MA) and polymalealic acid / acrylic acid / acrylamide sulphonate - methyl propane (PMA / AMPS) terpolymer salts. H. Emulsifiers [0145] The aqueous flood fluid can also comprise an emulsifier. Suitable emulsifiers include, but are not limited to salts of carboxylic acids, products of acylation reactions between carboxylic acids or carboxylic anhydrides and amines, and alkyl, acyl and saccharide amide derivatives (alkyl saccharide emulsifiers). Water clarifiers [0146] The aqueous flood fluid can also comprise a water clarifier. Suitable clarifiers include, but are not limited to, inorganic metal salts, such as aluminum chloride, and aluminum hydrochloride, or organic polymers, such as acrylic acid-based polymers, acrylamide-based polymers, polymerized amines, alkanolamines, thiocarbamates and cationic polymers, such as diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC). Dispersants [0147] The aqueous flood fluid can also comprise a dispersant. Suitable dispersants include, but are not limited to 2-50 carbon aliphatic phosphonic acids, such as hydroxyethyl diphosphonic acid and phosphonic aminoalkyl acids, for example, polyamethylene phosphonates with 2-10 N atoms, for example, each containing at least one methylene acid group 45/62 phosphonic, examples of which include ethylene diamine tetra (methylene phosphonate), penta diethylene triamine (methylene phosphonate) and triamine- and polymethylene tetraamine phosphonates with 2-4 methylene groups between each N atom, at least two different methylene groups in each phosphonate . Other suitable dispersing agents include lignin or lignin derivatives, such as lignosulfonate and naphthalene sulfonic acid and derivatives. Emulsion breakers [0148] The aqueous flood fluid can also comprise an emulsion breaker. Suitable emulsion breakers include, but are not limited to, dodecylbenzyl sulfonic acid (DDBSA), sodium salt of xylene sulfonic acid (NAXSA), epoxylated and propoxylated compounds, anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants, and resins, such as phenolic and resins epoxies. Hydrogen sulfide scavengers [0149] The aqueous flood fluid can also comprise a hydrogen sulfide scavenger. Suitable scavengers include, but are not limited to, oxidizers (eg, inorganic peroxides, such as sodium peroxide or chlorine dioxide), aldehydes (eg, with 1-10 carbons, such as formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde or (meth) acrolein) , triazines (for example, monoethanol amine triazine and monomethylamine triazine) and glyoxal. In certain embodiments, mixing the compounds and compositions of the invention with MMA triazines reduces or eliminates MMA odors. Gaseous hydrate inhibitors [0150] The aqueous flood fluid can also comprise a gaseous hydrate inhibitor. These suitable inhibitors include, but are not limited to thermodynamic inhibitors (THI), kinetic inhibitors (KHI) and anti-caking agents (AA). Suitable thermodynamic inhibitors include, but are not limited to , NaCI salt, KCI salt, salt CaCl 2, MgCl 2 salt, 2 NaBr salt, formate salt (e.g. formate 46/62 potassium), polyols (such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, lactose, gluconate, monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, monobutylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, tributylene glycol, glycerol, diglycerol, triglycerol, and sugar alcohols (eg, sorbitol, mannitol)), methanol, propanol, ethanol, glycol ethers (such as diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), and esters of alkyl or cyclic alcohols (such as ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, methyl ethyl benzoate). Suitable kinetic inhibitors and anti-caking agents include, but are not limited to polymers and copolymers, polysaccharides (such as hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, starch and xanthan derivatives), lactams (such as polyvinylcaprolactam, polyvinyl lactam, pyrinyl lactam, pyrinyl lactam) (such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone of various molecular weights), surfactants (such as fatty acid salts, ethoxylated alcohols, propoxylated alcohols, sorbitan esters, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, fatty acid polyglycerol esters, alkyl glycosides, alkyl polyglycosides, , alkyl sulfonates, alkyl ester sulfonate, alkyl aromatic sulfonates, alkyl betaine, alkyl starch betaines), hydrocarbon based dispersants (such as lignosulfonates, iminodisuccinates, polyaspartates), amino acids and proteins. Biocides [0151] The aqueous flood fluid can also comprise a biocide. Any biocide suitable for oilfield operations can be used. A biocide can be included in a composition in an amount of about 0.1 ppm to about 1000 ppm, for example, 0.1 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, 5 ppm, 6 ppm, 7 ppm, 8 ppm, 9 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm, 50 ppm, 60 ppm, 70 ppm, 80 ppm, 90 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, 500 ppm, 600 ppm, 700 ppm, 800 ppm, 900 ppm, or 1000 ppm. [0152] Suitable biocides include, but are not limited to, biocides 47/62 oxidizing or non-oxidizing. Suitable non-oxidizing biocides include, for example, amine-type compounds (eg, quaternary amine compounds and cocodiamine), halogenated compounds (eg, bronopol and 2-2 - dibromo - 3 nitrilepropionamide (DBNPA)), sulfur compounds (eg example, isothiazolone, carbamates, and metronidazole) and quaternary phosphonium salts (eg, tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium (THPS) sulfate). Suitable oxidizing biocides include, for example, sodium hypochlorite, trichloroisocyanuric acids, dichloroisocyanuric acid, calcium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, chlorinated hydantoin, stabilized sodium hypobromite, activated sodium bromide, brominated hydantoins, chlorine dioxide, ozone and peroxides. PH modifiers [0153] The aqueous flood fluid can also comprise a pH modifier. PH modifiers include, but are not limited to, alkali hydroxides, alkali carbonates, alkali bicarbonates, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkaline earth metal bicarbonates and mixtures or combinations thereof. Examples of pH modifiers include NaOH, KOH, Ca (OH) 2 , CaO, Na 2 CO 3 , KHCO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , MgO and Mg (OH) 2 . Surfactants [0154] The aqueous flood fluid can also comprise a surfactant. The surfactant can be cationic, anionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic or a nonionic surfactant. In some embodiments, a surfactant can assist in improving the recovery of oil from the formation. A surfactant can be included in an aqueous flood fluid in an amount from about 100 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, for example, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, 500 ppm, 600 ppm, 700 ppm, 800 ppm, 900 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 3000 ppm, 4000 ppm, 5000 ppm, 6000 ppm, 7000 ppm, 8000 ppm, 9000 ppm, or 10000 ppm. 48/62 [0155] Suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to, anionic, cationic and non-ionic. Anionic surfactants include alkyl aryl sulfonates, define sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, alcohol sulfates, alcohol ether sulfates, alkyl carboxylates and alkyl ether carboxylates, and ethoxylated alkyl or alkyl phosphate esters, and mono- and di-alkyl sulfosuccinates and sulfosuccinamates. Suitable anionic surfactants include alkyl or alkyl ether sulfonates and sulfonates, such as C14-C24 alpha sulfonates, C13C18 alcohol ether sulfates, C15-C17 θ internal sulfonates C 2 -Ci 8 ester sulfonates. Cationic surfactants include quaternary alkyl trimethyl ammonium salts, quaternary alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium salts, quaternary dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts and imidazoline salts. Non-ionic surfactants include alkoxylated alcohol, alkoxylated alkylphenol, ethylene block copolymers, propylene and butylene oxides, alkyl dimethyl amine oxides, alkyl - bis (2 - hydroxyethyl) amine oxides, alkyl amidopropyl dimethyl amine oxides, alkyl oxides of amylpropylamine. - bis (2 - hydroxyethyl) amine, alkyl polyglycosides, polyalkoxylated glycerides, sorbitan esters and polyalkoxylated sorbitan esters and alkyl polyethylene glycol esters and diesters. Betaine and sultans, amphoteric surfactants, such as alkyl amphoacetates and amphodiacetates, alkyl amphopropionates and amphodipropionates and alkyliminodipropionate are also included. Solvents [0156] The aqueous flood fluid can also comprise a solvent. Suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, methanol, ethanol, 2 - ethylexanol, heavy aromatic naphtha, toluene, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGMBE), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and xylene. Representative polar solvents suitable for formulation with the composition include water, brine, seawater, alcohols (including single or branched chain aliphatics, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, 49/62 butanol, 2 - ethylexanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol, 2 - butoxyethanol, etc.), glycols and derivatives (ethylene glycol, 1,2 - propylene glycol, 1,3 - propylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, etc.), ketones (cyclohexanone, diisobutyl ketone), N methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), N, N - dimethylformamide and the like. Representative non-polar solvents suitable for formulation with the composition include aliphatics, such as pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, heptane, decane, dodecane, diesel and the like; aromatics, such as toluene, xylene, heavy aromatic naphtha, fatty acid derivatives (acids, esters, amides) and the like. [0157] In certain embodiments, the solvent is monoethylene glycol, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF) or a combination of these. [0158] In certain embodiments, a composition of the invention comprises from 0 to about 80% by weight of one or more solvents, based on the weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, a composition of the invention comprises from 0 to about 50% by weight of one or more solvents, based on the weight of the composition. In certain embodiments, a composition of the invention comprises 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% or 50% by weight of one or more solvents based on the weight of the composition. Synergistic compounds [0159] The aqueous flood fluid also comprises a synergistic compound. Suitable synergistic compounds include those that improve the performance of removing hydrogen sulfide from the composition. In certain embodiments, the synergistic compound can be a quaternary ammonium, an amine oxide, an ionic or non-ionic surfactant, or any combination of these. Suitable quaternary amine compounds include, but are not limited to benzyl ammonium chloride, alkyl, cocoalkyl benzyl chloride (C 2 -C 8) dimethyl ammonium chloride, 50/62 dicocoalkyl chloride (Ci 2 -Ci 8 ) dimethyl ammonium, disebo dimethylammonium chloride, hydrogenated alkyl disebo methyl chloride, quaternary ammonium alkyl, methyl bis (2 - hydroxyethyl cocoalkyl (Ci 2 -Ci 8 ) methyl chloride) quaternary, dimethyl (2 - ethyl) tallow methyl ammonium sulfate, n - dodecylbenzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, n - octadecylbenzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, n - dodecyl trimethyl ammonium sulfate, alkyltrimethyl ammonium chloride and methyl alkyl sulfate sulfate hydrogenated (2 ethylexyl) quaternary ammonium dimethyl Suitable amine oxide compounds include, but are not limited to fatty amine oxides, such as stearyl dimethylamine oxide, lauryl dimethylamine oxide, and cocamidopropylamine oxide, or amine ether oxides, such as bis - (2 - hydroxyethyl) isodecyloxypropylamine oxide Suitable nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to alkyl polyoxyethylene glycol ethers, it is alkyl polyoxypropylene glycol esters, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene glycol ethers, poloxamers, diethanolamine cocamide and polyethoxylated tallow amine. [0160] The synergistic compound can be present from about 0.01 to about 20% by weight. In certain embodiments, the synergistic compound is present from about 1 to about 10% by weight, from about 2 to about 9% by weight, from about 3% to about 8% by weight, from about 4 % to about 7% by weight, or from about 5% to about 6% by weight. In certain embodiments, the synergistic compound can be added to a fluid or gas simultaneously with the aqueous flood fluid, or it can be added separately. Asphaltene inhibitors [0161] The aqueous flood fluid can also comprise an asphaltene inhibitor. Suitable asphaltene inhibitors include, but are not limited to, aliphatic sulfonic acids; alkyl aryl sulfonic acids; aryl sulfonates; lignosulfonates; alkylphenol / aldehyde resins and similar sulfonated resins; polyolefin esters; polyolefin imides; polyolefin esters with groups 51/62 functional alkyl, alkylenophenyl or alkylenopyridyl; polyolefin amides; polyolefin amides with alkyl, alkylenophenyl or alkylenopyridyl functional groups; polyolefin imides with alkyl, alkylenophenyl or alkylenopyridyl functional groups; alkenyl / vinyl pyrrolidone copolymers; polymers grafted with polyolefins with maleic anhydride or imidazole vinyl; hyper branched polyester amides; polyalkoxylated asphaltenes; amphoteric fatty acids, alkyl succinate salts, sorbitan monooleate and succinic polyisobutylene anhydride. Paraffin inhibitors [0162] The aqueous flood fluid can also comprise a paraffin inhibitor. Suitable paraffin inhibitors include, but are not limited to, paraffin crystal modifiers, and dispersant / crystal modifier combinations. Suitable crystal paraffin modifiers include, but are not limited to, alkyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl pyridine acrylate copolymers, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, maleic anhydride ester copolymers, branched polyethylenes, naphthalene, anthracene, microcrystalline and / or microcrystalline wax asphaltenes. Suitable dispersants include, but are not limited to, dodecyl benzene sulfonate, oxyalkylated alkyl phenols, and oxyalkylated alkylphenolic resins. Antioxidants [0163] In some embodiments, the aqueous flood fluid may also comprise an antioxidant. Any antioxidant suitable for oil field operations can be used. Examples of antioxidants include, but are not limited to, sulfites, thiocyanates and thiosulfates. An antioxidant can be included in a composition in an amount of about 1 ppm to about 1000 ppm, for example, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, 5 ppm, 6 ppm, 7 ppm, 8 ppm, 9 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm, 50 ppm, 60 ppm, 70 ppm, 80 ppm, 90 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, 500 ppm, 600 ppm, 52/62 700 ppm, 800 ppm, 900 ppm or 1000 ppm. Additional components [0164] Compositions produced in accordance with the invention can also include additional functional agents or additives that offer a beneficial property. Additional agents or additives will vary according to the aqueous flood fluid produced and its purpose of use, which will be evaluated by one skilled in the art. [0165] The compounds, compositions, methods and processes of the invention will be better understood with respect to the examples below, which are illustrative and not limiting the scope of the invention. 4. Examples [0166] The above description will be better understood with respect to the following examples, which are illustrative and do not limit the scope of the invention. All reagents were purchased from commercial sources and used as received unless otherwise stated. N, N '- (1,2 - dihydroxyethylene) bisacrylamide, also known as glyoxal bis (acrylamide) is abbreviated in the present invention as GBA. Example 1 Synthesis of polymers 1 a, 1 b, 1 c and 1 d [0167] Polymer 1a includes 29 mol% of sodium acrylate, 71 mol% of acrylamide and 3.5 ppm of hydrolyzable GBA crosslinker (based on the total formula) . The polymer was prepared by the polymerization of a monomeric emulsion consisting of an aqueous mixture of 25.0 g of 50% acrylamide, 5.39 g of acrylic acid, 16.00 g of water, neutralized with 5.90 g of sodium hydroxide 50% aqueous. In addition, 0.006 g of tetrasodium diethylenediaminetetraacetate and 0.026 g of a freshly prepared 1% aqueous solution of (1,2 - dihydroxyethylene) bisacrylamide (GBA) were added to the aqueous monomer solution. The monomeric solution Aqueous 53/62 was dispersed in an oily phase composed of a solution of 21.00 g of petroleum distillate, 1.0 g of sorbitan monooleate and 0.61 g of ethoxylated sorbitan monostearate. [0168] The monomeric emulsion was prepared by mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase under shear for 30-60 minutes, followed by deoxygenation with nitrogen for 30 minutes. Polymerization is initiated by the addition of 2,2 'azobisisobutyronitrile with a reaction temperature of 45 ° C. The temperature of the polymerization reaction is maintained at 45 ° C for 4 hours, then raised to 57 ° C for an additional hour. [0169] The dissolution of the polymeric emulsion in water was carried out by mixing the emulsion in a large volume of water under shear, in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant with high HLB at a level less than about 5% of the polymer's weight. emulsion. [0170] The above procedure was repeated with scales of 1 kg and 2.4 kg, obtaining polymers 1b and 1c, respectively. Polymer 1d was prepared in the same way. Example 2 Preparation of polymer 2 [0171] Polymer 2 was prepared by the polymerization of a monomeric emulsion consisting of an aqueous mixture of 24.9 g of 50% acrylamide, 4.6 g of quaternary salt of methyl N, N - dimethylaminoethyl acrylate chloride , 10.2 g of water, neutralized with 0.078 g of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide. In addition, 0.006 g of tetrasodium diethylenediaminetetraacetate, 0.54 g of adipic acid, 1.79 g of sodium chloride, 0.60 g of urea and 0.213 g of a freshly prepared 0.1% aqueous GBA solution were added to the solution aqueous monomeric. The aqueous monomeric solution was dispersed in an oily phase composed of a solution of 15.57 g of petroleum distillate, 0.73 g of sorbitan monooleate and 0.73 g of monostearate 54/62 ethoxylated sorbitan. If necessary, the pH of the monomeric phase was adjusted to ~ 4, using 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide or concentrated hydrochloric acid. [0172] The monomeric emulsion was prepared by mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase under shear for 30-60 minutes, followed by deoxygenation with nitrogen for 30 minutes. Polymerization is initiated by the addition of 0.0095 g of 2.2 '- azobisisobutyronitrile and 0.0012 g of 2.2' - azobis (2,4 - dimethyl valeronitrile) with a reaction temperature of 45 ° C. The temperature of the polymerization reaction is maintained at 45 ° C for 3 hours, then raised to 70 ° C for an additional hour. [0173] The dissolution of the polymeric emulsion in water was accomplished by mixing the emulsion in a large volume of water under shear, in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant with high HLB at a level less than about 5% of the polymer's weight. emulsion. Example 3 Preparation of polymers 3a, 3b and 3 c [0174] Polymer 3a was prepared by the polymerization of a monomeric emulsion consisting of an aqueous mixture of 381.375 g of 50.20% acrylamide, 78.730 g of acrylic acid, and 178.050 g of water, which was neutralized with 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide (86,500 g) in an ice bath. In addition, 0.300 g of a freshly prepared 2% aqueous solution of glyoxal was added to the aqueous monomeric solution. The aqueous monomeric solution was heated and stirred for a period sufficient to form the required (1,2 - dihydroxyethylene) bisacrylamide (GBA) in situ. The amount of 0.090 g of tetrasodium diethylenediaminetetraacetate was then added to the prepared monomeric phase. [0175] The aqueous monomeric solution was then dispersed in an oily phase composed of a solution of 253,350 g of petroleum distillate, 12,220 g of sorbitan monooleate and 7,300 g of ethoxylated sorbitan monostearate. 55/62 [0176] The monomeric emulsion was prepared by mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase under shear for 30-60 minutes, followed by the addition of 0.528 g of 2.2 '- azobisisobutyronitrile and nitrogen purge. The temperature of the polymerization reaction is maintained at 44 ° C for 3.5 hours with a nitrogen purge, and then raised to 57 ° C for an additional hour. [0177] The dissolution of the polymeric emulsion in water was carried out by mixing the emulsion in a large volume of water under shear, in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant with high HLB at a level less than about 5% of the polymer's weight. emulsion. [0178] Polymers 3b and 3c were prepared using the same procedure using different levels of glyoxal in the formula: 0.600 g of a 2% glyoxal solution for 3b and 1,200 g of a 2% glyoxal solution for 3c. Example 4 Preparation of polymer 4 [0179] Polymer 4 was made by the initial preparation of a copolymer in acrylamide - sodium acrylate 30 mol% emulsion using a method similar to example 1, followed by post-treatment with glyoxal. A 100 g sample of this copolymer was treated under shear with 0.032 g of a 40% glyoxal solution. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at 25 ° C and then stored without stirring for 24 hours at 40 ° C. [0180] The dissolution of the polymeric emulsion in water was carried out by mixing the emulsion in a large volume of water under shear, in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant with a high HLB at a level less than about 5% of the polymer's weight. emulsion. Example 5 Preparation of polymer 5 [0181] Polymer 5, a cross-linked ionic emulsion polymer 56/62 temporary, was prepared by polymerizing a monomeric emulsion consisting of an aqueous mixture of 25.00 g of 50% acrylamide, 4.30 g of acrylic acid, and 16.21 g of water, which was neutralized with 4, 3 g of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide. In addition, 3.70 g of an 80% N, N dimethylaminoethyl acrylate solution, methyl chloride quaternary salt and 0.007 g of tetrasodium diethylenediaminetetraacetate were added to the aqueous monomeric solution. The aqueous monomeric solution was then dispersed in an oily phase composed of a solution of 21.00 g of petroleum distillate, 1.01 g of sorbitan monooleate and 0.61 g of ethoxylated sorbitan monostearate. [0182] The monomeric emulsion was prepared by mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase under shear for 30-60 minutes, followed by deoxygenation with nitrogen for 30 minutes. Polymerization is initiated by the addition of 0.038 g of 2.2 '- azobisisobutyronitrile at a reaction temperature of 45 ° C. The temperature of the polymerization reaction is maintained at 45 ° C for 4 hours and then raised to 58 ° C for an additional hour. [0183] The dissolution of the polymeric emulsion in water was accomplished by mixing the emulsion in a large volume of water under shear, in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant with a high HLB at a level less than about 5% of the polymer's weight. emulsion. Example 6 Preparation of polymer 6 [0184] Polymer 6, a crosslinked diester emulsion polymer, was prepared by the polymerization of a monomeric emulsion consisting of an aqueous mixture of 25.00 g of 50% acrylamide, 5.39 g of acid acrylic, and 15.22 g of water, which was neutralized with 5.90 g of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide. In addition, 0.784 g of a 0.1% solution of a tetraethylene glycol diacrylate binder and 0.007 g of tetrasodium diethylene diaminetetraacetate were 57/62 added to the aqueous monomer solution. The aqueous monomeric solution was then dispersed in an oily phase composed of a solution of 19.00 g of petroleum distillate, 0.917 g of sorbitan monooleate and 0.55 g of ethoxylated sorbitan monostearate. [0185] The monomeric emulsion was prepared by mixing the aqueous phase and the oil phase under shear for 30-60 minutes, followed by deoxygenation with nitrogen for 30 minutes. Polymerization is initiated by the addition of 0.038 g of 2.2 '- azobisisobutyronitrile at a reaction temperature of 45 ° C. The temperature of the polymerization reaction is maintained at 45 ° C for 4 hours and then raised to 58 ° C for an additional hour. [0186] The dissolution of the polymeric emulsion in water was accomplished by mixing the emulsion in a large volume of water under shear, in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant with a high HLB at a level less than about 5% of the polymer's weight. emulsion. Example 7 Polymer activation procedures [0187] Polymers have been activated to increase the viscosity of polymer solutions by heating or changing the pH for a specific period of time. The polymers were activated in the form of the emulsion product or after reducing the emulsion to produce diluted polymeric solutions. The viscosities of all polymeric solutions were measured after dissolving the polymers in 3.5 wt% synthetic seawater with 3000 ppm polymer concentration, by mixing the emulsion or dry polymer in a large volume of synthetic seawater under shear, in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant with high HLB, with a level less than about 5% of the polymer weight. The activated and non-activated viscosities of the temporary cross-linked polymers, produced according to examples 1-6, are shown in tables I and II. Per 58/62 For comparison, tables I and II also include the viscosities of reference polymers subjected to the same activation procedures. Reference polymers 1, 2 and 3 are commercial anionic polyacrylamides with 30 mol%, produced without the use of the temporary cross-links described in the present invention. Reference polymer 1 was used to produce polymer 4. [0188] Tables I and II demonstrate that the temporary cross-linked polymers of this invention may offer low-viscosity aqueous polymeric solutions initially, but after activation by heat and / or pH change, high viscosity polymeric solutions are obtained. Table I. Polymer 3000 ppm activated in synthetic seawater 3.5% by weight with viscosity (cps / Pa.s) and shear rate of 10.2 s' 1 Polymer Inactivated viscosity Viscosity activated Activation procedure Polymerreference 1 55.46 / 0.06 54.68 / 0.05 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm standing for 48 h at 40 ° C Polymerreference 2 102.70 / 0.1 100.3 / 0.1 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm standing for 3 h at 70 ° C Polymerreference 3 48.83 / 0.05 48.43 / 0.04 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm standing for 2 h at 70 ° C Polymer 1b 10.15 / 0.01 123.8 / 0.12 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm standing for 2 h at 70 ° C Polymer 1c 1.56 / 1.56 x 10 ' 3 110.19 / 0.11 Heat the polymeric emulsion for 3 h at 70 ° C with a mixture 59/62 Polymer 1c 1.56 / 1.56 x 10 ' 3 133.64 / 0.13 Increase the pH above 8 with 0.5% Na 2 CO 3 and heat the polymeric emulsion for 3 h at 70 ° C with a mixture 1d polymer 7.90 / 0.01 153.87 / 0.15 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm with pH 12, standing for 6 h, at room temperature afterreduction Polymer 2 6.25 / 0.01 24.21 / 0.02 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm standing for 48 h at 50 ° C Polymer 3a 0.00 127.71 / 0.13 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm standing for 25 h at 70 ° C Polymer 3a 0.00 142.28 / 0.14 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm for 33 days, at 50 ° C Polymer 3b 0.00 144.89 / 0.14 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm standing for 25 h at 70 ° C Polymer 3b 0.00 141.38 / 0.14 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm for 33 days, at 50 ° C Polymer 3c 0.00 111.69 / 0.11 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm for 45 h at a temperature of 60/62 70 ° C Polymer 3c 0.00 148.41 / 0.15 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm for 32 days at 50 ° C Polymer 4 2.34 20.31 / 0.02 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm standing for 48 h at 40 ° C Polymer 5 18.75 63.2 / 0.06 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm standing for 3 h at 70 ° C Polymer 6 11.32 16.4 / 0.02 Store thepolymeric solution 3000 ppm standing for 3 h at 70 ° C [0189] Table II demonstrates that the heat activation process can occur at various temperatures, providing a higher activation rate with increasing temperature. As expected, reference polymer # 1 does not offer any significant heat activation within the tested temperature and time ranges ._____________________________________________________________ Table II. Heat activation of polymer # 6 (3000 ppm in synthetic seawater) Polymer # 6 Reference polymer # 1 Temp (° C) Time (h) BV (cps / Pa.s) Temp (° C) Time(H) BV (cps / Pa.s) 22 0 18.75 / 0.02 22 0 60.53 / 0.0623 28.12 / 0.03 22 28 64.44 / 0.0648 45.3 / 0.05 120 64.8 / 0.0640 0.00 18.75 / 0.02 40 0 60.53 / 0.061.00 21.85 / 0.02 1.92 23.43 / 0.02 2.83 31.24 / 0.03 61/62 4.00 33.59 / 0.03 5.25 48.43 / 0.05 6.00 54.29 / 0.05 23.00 95 / 0.1 40 23 62.88 / 0.0672.00 65.62 / 0.07 40 72 54.33 / 0.05 70 0.00 18.75 / 0.02 70 0 60.53 / 0.060.40 24.99 / 0.02 0.83 61.71 / 0.06 1.00 63.27 / 0.06 15.00 59.6 / 0.06 70 15 58.7 / 0.06 Example 8 [0190] Shear stability of inactivated polymers with temporary cross-links [0191] Table III demonstrates that the inactivated form of the temporary cross-linked polymers of this invention protects the polymer against shear-induced degradation of the polymer solution viscosity. To measure the stability of the shear, polymeric solutions of 3,000 ppm freshly prepared in synthetic seawater were subjected to shear for 0-40 seconds using an Oster mixer. The solution viscosity of each sample was measured after each shear period. For temporary cross-linked polymers (polymers 1b and 6), each solution subjected to shear was then activated by heat for 2 hours, at a temperature of 70 ° C, and then the viscosities were measured again. [0192] When subjected to shear prior to heat activation, polymer 1b and polymer 6 are resistant to degradation, and offer viscosities after heat activation that exceed those of reference polymers, which degrade much more quickly under shear ._________________________ Table III: Shear strength of the polymer with temporary covalent cross-links (polymer 1b) Time toshear (s) Polymer 1 b Polymerreference 1 BV (cps / Pa.s) BV 22 ° C 22 ° C + 70 ° C / 2H 22 ° C 62/62 0 10.15 / 0.01 123.8 / 0.12 65.61 / 0.07 5 7.03 / 0.01 118.08 / 0.11 37.88 / 0.04 10 7.03 / 0.01 142.4 / 0.14 27.73 / 0.03 20 6.25 / 0.01 91.39 / 0.09 17.96 / 0.02 40 4.69 / 4.69 x 10 ’3 62.49 / 0.06 12.11 / 0.01 Example 9 Filtration proportion test [0193] The device used to measure the filtration proportion of the flooding fluids was one with a plastic cylinder with an internal diameter of 2 inches (5.08 cm), fitted with an upper sealed gasket with fittings for pressurization by nitrogen and a lower sealed gasket connected to a filter and outlet. The pore diameter of the filter was 2.5 microns. 200 grams of a 3000 ppm solution in polymer 1a synthetic seawater was added to the cylinder. After passing a few milliliters of the solution through the filter for moistening, the time required for an initial volume of 30 mL of the solution to pass through the filter, with a pressure of 20 psi (137.9 KPa) was measured. The proportion of initial to final filtration was recorded. The filtration ratio of a 3000 ppm solution of a newly reduced polymer 1a was 1.23. After activation of the polymeric solution by heating to a temperature of 70 ° C for three hours, the filtration proportion was measured again and considered to be 1.16. [0194] It is understood that the above description and examples are merely illustrative and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined only by the appended claims and their equivalents. [0195] Several changes and modifications to the described modalities will become clear to those skilled in the field. Such changes and modifications, including without limitation those related to chemical structures, substituents, derivatives, intermediates, syntheses, compositions, formulations or methods of use of the invention, can be produced without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
权利要求:
Claims (13) [1] 1. Method for recovering a hydrocarbon fluid from an underground formation CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: introducing into the formation an aqueous flood fluid, in which the fluid comprises water and a water-soluble polymer with hydrolyzable monomeric cross-linking units, in which the polymer comprises from about 1 mol% to about 100 mol% of acrylamide monomers, in which , after the introduction of the aqueous flood fluid into the formation, the hydrolyzable monomeric cross-linking units are hydrolyzed to produce an aqueous flood fluid after hydrolysis, with a viscosity that is approximately equal to or greater than a viscosity of the aqueous fluid before injection. [2] 2. Method according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the hydrolyzable monomeric cross-linked units are covalently cross-linked and the monomeric covalently cross-linked units present the following formula (II): [3] 3. Method, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that hydrolyzable monomeric cross-linked units are covalently cross-linked and monomeric covalently cross-linked units present the following formula (IIb): oh o o oh R vW (Hb). OH [4] 4. Method of recovering a hydrocarbon fluid from an underground formation CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: introduce into the formation an aqueous flood fluid, in which the fluid comprises water and a water-soluble polymer, and has a viscosity of about 0 cps (0 pa.s) to about 100 cPs (0.1 Pa.s), in that, after the introduction of the aqueous flood fluid in the formation, the viscosity of the aqueous flood fluid increases to about 1 cps (10 -3 Pa.s) to about 5000 cPs (5 Pa.s). [5] 5. Water-soluble polymer CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises about 1 mol% to about 100 mol% of acrylamide monomers, and also comprises about 0.1 ppm to about 20000 ppm of hydrolyzable monomeric units based on weight of the water-soluble polymer. [6] 6. Water-soluble polymer according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the hydrolyzable monomeric units of cross-linking are covalently cross-linked and the monomeric units covalently cross-linked have the following formula (II): Petition 870170002591, of 13/01/2017, p. 9/11 3/4 [7] 7. Water-soluble polymer according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the hydrolyzable monomeric units of cross-linking are covalently cross-linked and the monomeric units covalently cross-linked have the following formula (llb): [8] 8. Water-soluble polymer according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the water-soluble polymer comprises from about 0.1 ppm to about 100 ppm of covalently cross-linked monomer units. Petition 870170002591, of 13/01/2017, p. 11/10 4/4 [9] 9. Composition, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises the water-soluble polymer, as defined in claim 5, wherein the composition comprises about 100 ppm to about 10,000 ppm of the water-soluble polymer. [10] 10. Composition according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it further comprises a surfactant, a biocide, an antioxidant, or a combination thereof. [11] 11. Composition according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the composition has a viscosity of about 0 (Pa.s) cPs to about 100 (Pa.s) cPs. [12] 12. Composition, according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that after exposure to a stimulus, the composition has a viscosity of about 1 cps (10 3 Pa.s) to about 5000 cPs (5 Pa.s) . [13] 13. Composition, according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the stimulus is an increase in temperature.
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 EP2951268A1|2015-12-09| US10435496B2|2019-10-08| US11136425B2|2021-10-05| US20200031972A1|2020-01-30| US20140209304A1|2014-07-31| EP2951268A4|2016-09-14| CN109181671A|2019-01-11| CN105121591A|2015-12-02| CN109181671B|2020-08-25| US20150284495A1|2015-10-08| CN105121591B|2018-09-18| US10323114B2|2019-06-18| WO2014120437A1|2014-08-07|
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法律状态:
2018-02-27| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]| 2019-10-15| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]| 2021-07-20| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]| 2021-10-13| B350| Update of information on the portal [chapter 15.35 patent gazette]| 2022-01-11| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: CHAMPIONX USA INC. (US) |
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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 US201361759101P| true| 2013-01-31|2013-01-31| PCT/US2014/011552|WO2014120437A1|2013-01-31|2014-01-14|Mobility control polymers for enhanced oil recovery| 相关专利
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