ABSORBENT ARTICLE WITH HIGHLY ABSORBENT MATERIAL

专利摘要:
absorbent article with highly absorbent material. the present application relates to an absorbent article (20) for personal hygiene, such as a conventional or training diaper, wherein the absorbent article has a leading edge (10) and a trailing edge (12), a longitudinal axis ( 80) extending in a longitudinal direction of the article, wherein the article has a length l, measured along the longitudinal geometric axis from the anterior edge to the posterior edge, a point between the thighs (c), defined as the point situated at a distance of two-fifths of l from the leading edge of the article on the longitudinal geometric axis. the article comprises a pair of barriers (32) with a raised section (34) and an absorbent core (28) comprising at least one channel (26, 26) oriented at least partially in the longitudinal direction (80) of the article. the article has a width of the region between the thighs (wd) before use, measured between the proximal edges of the barriers at the level of the point between the thighs, from 70 mm to 200 mm, and a relative reduction in the width of the region between the thighs (rcwr) of at least 30 mm/kg.
公开号:BR112015013467B1
申请号:R112015013467-0
申请日:2013-12-10
公开日:2021-08-03
发明作者:Bruno Johannes Ehrnsperger；Blanca Arizti；Ernesto Bianchi；Hans Adolf Jackels；Carsten Heinrich Kreuzer；Rodrigo Rosati
申请人:The Procter & Gamble Company；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[001] The present invention features an absorbent article for personal hygiene, such as a baby diaper, a training diaper or an adult incontinence product. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[002]Absorbent personal care items, such as disposable baby diapers, children's training diapers or adult incontinence underwear, are designed to absorb and retain body exudates, in particular large amounts of urine. Such absorbent articles typically comprise several layers having different functions, for example, a topsheet, a backsheet and an absorbent core therebetween, among other layers.
[003] The function of the absorbent core is to absorb and retain exudates for a prolonged period of time, for example, overnight, in a diaper, to minimize backflow to keep the user dry and to avoid soiling clothes or sheets. Most absorbent articles currently on the market comprise, as absorbent material, a blend of ground wood pulp with superabsorbent polymers (SAP) in particulate form, also called absorbent gelling materials (MGA); see, for example, US 5,151,092 (Buell). Absorbent articles with a core consisting essentially of SAP as an absorbent material (called "aerated felt-free" cores) have also been proposed, but are less common than traditional mixed cores (see, for example, WO2008/155699 (Hundorf) , WO95/11652 (Tanzer), WO2012/052172 (Van Malderen)).
[004] Absorbent articles comprising a core with slits or grooves have also been proposed, typically to enhance the fluid trapping properties of the core; WO95/11652 (Tanzer) discloses absorbent articles which include superabsorbent material situated in separate pockets with water-sensitive and non-water-sensitive containment structure. WO2009/047596 (Wright) discloses an absorbent article with a split absorbent core.
[005] These absorbent articles may typically comprise barriers, which provide improved containment of liquids and other body exudates. Barriers can also be called leg straps, side flaps, protective barriers or elastic barriers. Typically, each barrier will comprise one or more strands or elastic elements comprised in the diaper chassis, for example, between a topsheet and a backsheet in the area of the leg openings, to provide an effective seal while the diaper is in use. The elastic elements, which are substantially parallel to the chassis of the absorbent article, will be referred to in the present application as sealing barriers. It is also common for barriers to comprise raised elasticized flaps, called, in the present invention, protection barriers, which optimize the containment of fluid in the region where the legs join the trunk. Each protective barrier typically comprises one or more elastic strands. US 4,808,178 and US4,909,803 (Aziz) describe disposable diapers having such raised elasticized flaps. US 4,695,278 (Lawson) and US 4,795,454 (Dragoo) describe disposable diapers with dual barriers, including sealing barriers and protective barriers. US 4,704,116 (Enloe) discloses an absorbent garment comprising a pair of sealing barriers and a pair of protective barriers joined to, or formed therefrom, and internally spaced with respect to said elasticized leg openings. , setting a pocket for waste containment.
[006] Absorbent articles generally have a high absorbent capacity, and the absorbent core can expand to several times its weight and volume. These increases will typically cause the absorbent articles to sag in the region between the thighs as they become saturated with liquid, which can cause the protective barriers to partially lose contact with the wearer's skin. This can lead to the loss of functionality of the protective barriers, increasing the possibility of leakage.
[007]US2007/088308 (Ehrnsperger) addresses this problem by suggesting a protective barrier strip that extends longitudinally from the anterior to the posterior region of the waist along the topsheet and includes anterior and posterior ends and proximal and distal edges connecting the ends previous and next. The distal edge is secured in a bent region of the end of the barrier that contains an outer bent edge and an inner bent edge, spaced lengthwise from the outer bent edge. A longitudinal distance from the inner folded edge to the side that extends laterally in one of the anterior or posterior waist regions is about 1/2 or more of the longitudinal length of the anterior or posterior waist region.
[008]US2004/220541 (Suzuki) reveals an absorbent layer with concave and convex portions on its surface and spontaneously exhibits a three-dimensional structure in which a concave-convex structure is formed. US2007/244455 (Hansson) discloses an absorbent core in an absorbent article provided with at least two fold guides that extend in a substantially longitudinal direction in the region between the thighs and divide at least a portion of the region between the thighs into a central portion. and two side portions, when viewed in a transverse direction. At least two stretchable elastic members are disposed in the mid-thigh portion of the article and are secured to the absorbent core and/or the inner or outer liner.
[009] Although the prior art has presented different solutions to the problem of improving leak prevention, it is still beneficial to develop new and improved solutions to provide a better fit of barriers under heavier conditions. The inventors of the present application have found that following the fold lines between the legs and torso can be beneficial for the free edges of the protective barrier. These fold lines are a very good position for the raised edge of the guardrails to follow because they are located (a) in an area of little movement and (b) in the region closest to the body. These anatomical fold lines are not straight, on the contrary, the distance between the left and right fold lines is greater in the anterior and posterior parts of the region between the thighs.
[010] The inventors have found that when the diaper width between the protective barriers in the portion between the thighs is reduced, as indicated below, the free edge of the protective barrier can better follow the curved fold lines as the article is full, which improves the prevention of leaks. This is particularly advantageous as leakage prevention is increased when the article is very full, i.e. the time when leakage prevention is most needed. The inventors have found that this effect is particularly present when the absorbent core contains high proportions of superabsorbent polymers and channels that extend at least partially the length of the diaper. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[011] The invention features an absorbent article for personal hygiene, such as a diaper or training diaper, with a front edge and a back edge. The article has a length L, measured along the longitudinal geometric axis, from its anterior edge to its posterior edge, and a point between the thighs (C), defined as the point located at a distance of two fifths of L from the anterior edge. of the article in the longitudinal geometric axis. The article comprises: - a liquid permeable topsheet, - a liquid impervious backsheet, - a pair of protective barriers extending at least partially between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the diaper on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis and present at least in the longitudinal position of the point between the thighs, each protective barrier being delimited by a proximal edge joined directly or indirectly to the upper layer and/or to the lower layer and to a free end edge, - and an absorbent core comprising a core shell surrounding an absorbent material, wherein the absorbent material comprises at least 80% superabsorbent polymers, by weight, of the absorbent material, and the absorbent core comprises at least one channel oriented at least partially in the longitudinal direction of the article.
[012] The article has a relative reduction in the width of the region between the thighs (RCWR) of at least 30 mm/kg, and the RCWR is calculated according to the formula:
where Wd is the width of the dry between the thighs, Ww is the width of the wetted between the thighs at the point between the thighs, Mw is the mass of the article when wet, and Md is the mass of the article when dry, where measurements are performed as indicated in the RCWR test described herein. The article has dry between the thighs width (Wd) (before use) at the level of the point between the thighs between 70 mm and 200 mm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention in form of a diaper, with some layers partially removed; Figure 2 is a cross section of the embodiment of Figure 1 at the point between the thighs; Figure 3 is a cross section of the embodiment of Figure 1, taken at the same point as Figure 2, when the diaper is filled with liquid; Figure 4 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of the invention with two channels. Figure 5 is a cross section of the embodiment of Figure 4 at the point between the thighs; Figure 6 is a top view an embodiment of the absorbent core of Figure 4 with some layers partially removed; Figure 7 is a cross section of the core of Figure 6 at the point between the thighs; Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of the embodiment of Figure 6 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Introduction
[013] When used in this application, the term "absorbent article" refers to disposable devices, such as infant or adult diapers, training diapers and the like, that are placed close to or close to the user's body to absorb and retain the various exudates released by the body. Typically, such articles comprise a topsheet, a backsheet, an absorbent core, and optionally a capture system (which may be comprised of one or more layers) and usually other components, with the absorbent core typically located between the layer. lower and the capture system or the upper layer.
[014] The absorbent articles of the invention will be better illustrated in the description below and in the Figures, in the form of a diaper with adhesive tapes. Nothing in this description is to be considered limiting the scope of the claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Unless otherwise stated, the description refers to the article dry, ie before use, and stored for at least 24 hours at 21 °C +/- 2 °C and 50 +/- 20% relative humidity (RH).
[015] A "non-woven mat" as used herein means a sheet, thin mat or mat made of directionally or randomly oriented fibers, bonded by friction and/or cohesion and/or adhesion, excluding paper and products that are woven , knitted, tufted, needled (stitch-bonded) incorporating connecting threads or filaments, or felted by wet grinding, additionally sewn or not. The fibers can be of natural or synthetic origin and can be textile fibers or continuous filaments or can be formed in situ. Commercially available fibers have diameters in the range of less than about 0.001 mm to more than about 0.2 mm and have many different shapes, such as short fibers (known as staples or cut), single continuous fibers (filaments or monofilaments), untwisted groups of continuous filaments (untwisted yarn), and spun groups of continuous filaments (twisted yarn). Nonwoven mats can be formed through many processes such as blow spinning, continuous spinning, solvent spinning, electrospinning, carding and air deposition. The grammage of non-woven mats is generally expressed in grams per square meter (g/m2 or g/m2).
[016] For use in the present invention, the terms "joined", "tied" or "attached" encompass configurations in which an element is directly attached to another element by direct joining, and configurations in which an element is indirectly attached to another element by its joining to intermediate element(s) which, in turn, is/are attached to the other element.
[017] "Understand", "understands", "understands" are terms that are not limited, each specifying what comes next, eg a component, but does not exclude the presence of other features, eg elements , steps, components, which are known in the art or disclosed herein. These terms formed from the verb "to understand" should be read as encompassing the more restricted terms "consisting of", which excludes any unspecified element, step or component, and "consisting essentially of", which limits the scope of a element to specified materials and steps and to those that do not materially affect the way the element performs its function. No preferred or exemplary embodiments described below shall limit the scope of the claims, unless expressly stated otherwise. The words "typically", "usually", "advantageously" and the like also qualify elements that are not to be considered limiting the scope of the claims, unless expressly indicated otherwise. Overview of the absorbent article
[018] In Figures 1 to 3, an exemplary absorbent article according to the invention is shown in the form of an infant diaper 20. Figure 1 is a plan view of the exemplary diaper 20, in a stretched state, with portions of the structure cut away to more clearly show the composition of diaper 20. This diaper 20 is shown for purposes of illustration only as the invention can be used to produce a wide variety of diapers or other absorbent articles.
[019] The absorbent article comprises a liquid permeable topsheet 24, a liquid impervious backsheet 25, an absorbent core 28 between the topsheet 24 and the backsheet 25 and protective barriers 34. The absorbent article may also comprise a capture-distribution system ("ADS"), which, in the example shown, comprises a distribution layer 54 and a capture layer 52, which will be further detailed below. The article may also comprise elasticized sealing barriers 32 joined to the chassis of the absorbent article, typically via the topsheet and/or the backsheet, and substantially parallel to the chassis of the diaper.
[020] The figures also show typical components of diapers with adhesive tapes, such as a closure system comprising adhesive flaps 42 fixed towards the rear edge of the article in cooperation with a contact zone 44 on the front of the article. The absorbent article may also comprise other typical elements, which are not shown, such as an elastic back waist feature, an elastic front waist feature, transverse protection barrier(s), lotion application, etc.
[021] The absorbent article 20 comprises a leading edge 10, a trailing edge 12 and two side edges. Leading edge 10 is the edge of the article that is intended to be positioned on the wearer's belly when worn, and trailing edge 12 is the opposite edge. In adhesive-taped diapers, as shown illustratively in Figure 1, the trailing edge of the diaper is typically on the side of the diaper that comprises the closure flaps 42, and the front edge is typically on the side of the diaper that comprises the contact zone corresponding 44. More generally, the front of the article typically has greater absorbent capacity than the back of the article. The absorbent article may be notionally divided by a longitudinal geometric axis 80 extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the article and dividing the article into two halves substantially symmetrical with respect to that axis, with the article in a stretched position and viewed from above, as in Figure 1. The length L of the article can be measured along the longitudinal axis 80, from the front edge 10 to the posterior edge 12. The article comprises a point between the thighs C defined herein as the point located on the longitudinal axis at a distance of two fifths (2/5) of L, with reference to the front edge 10 of article 20.
[022] The region between the thighs can be defined as the region of the diaper that is centered longitudinally at the point between the thighs C and that extends toward the front and back parts of the absorbent article at a distance of one-fifth of L (L /5) in each direction, for a total length of 2/5 of L. A front region and a back region can be defined as the remaining portions of the diapers positioned towards the front and back parts of the article, respectively.
[023] The topsheet 24, the backsheet 25, the absorbent core 28 and the other components of the article can be assembled in a variety of well-known configurations, in particular, by hot gluing or embossing. Examples of diaper configurations are generally described in US 3,860,003, US 5,221,274, US 5,554,145, US 5,569,234, US 5,580,411 and US 6,004,306. The absorbent article is preferably thin. The gauge at the point between the thighs C of the article may be, for example, from 4.0 mm to 12.0 mm, in particular from 6.0 mm to 10.0 mm, as measured in the gauge test described in the present invention .
[024] The absorbent core 28 comprises absorbent material comprising at least 80% by weight of the superabsorbent polymers and a core shell surrounding the absorbent material. The core shell may typically comprise two substrates 16 and 16' for the upper side and the lower side of the core. The body further comprises at least one channel, shown in Figure 1 as the four channels 26, 26' and 27, 27'.
[025]These and other components of the articles will not be discussed in further detail. Top layer 24
[026] The topsheet 24 is the part of the absorbent article that is directly in contact with the wearer's skin. Topsheet 24 can be joined to backsheet 25, core 28 and/or any other layers known in the art. Generally, the topsheet 24 and the backsheet 25 are joined directly together at some locations (for example, on the periphery of the article or close to it) and are indirectly joined together at other places, through their direct joining to one or more of the other elements of article 20.
[027] The top layer 24 is preferably pliable, soft to the touch and non-irritating to the user's skin. Additionally, at least a portion of the topsheet 24 is permeable to liquids, allowing liquids to rapidly penetrate through its thickness. A suitable topsheet can be manufactured from a wide range of materials such as porous foams, crosslinked foams, plastic films with apertures, or woven or non-woven materials made from natural fibers (eg wood or cotton fibers), synthetic filaments or fibers (eg bicomponent PE/PP or polyester or polypropylene fibers or mixtures thereof), or a combination of natural and synthetic fibres. If the topsheet 24 includes fibers, the fibers can be spunbond, carded, wet-laid, meltblown, hydroentangled, or processed by any other method known in the technique, in particular non-woven PP by continuous spinning. A suitable topsheet comprising a batt of textile fiber length polypropylene fibers is produced by Veratec, Inc., a Division of the International Paper Company, of Walpole, MA, USA, under the designation P-8.
[026] Suitable formed film top layers are also described in US 3,929,135, US 4,324,246, US 4,342,314, US 4,463,045 and US 5,006,394. Other suitable topsheets can be made in accordance with US 4,609,518 and 4,629,643 granted to Curro et al. These formed films are available from The Procter & Gamble of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA as "DRI-WEAVE" and from Tredegar Corporation of Richmond, VA, USA as "CLIFF-T".
[029] Any portion of the topsheet 24 may be coated with a lotion, as is known in the art. Examples of suitable lotions include those described in US 5,607,760, US 5,609,587, US 5,643,588, US 5,968,025 and US 6,716,441. The topsheet 24 may also include or be treated with antibacterial agents, some examples of which are disclosed in PCT publication WO95/24173. Additionally, the topsheet 24, the backsheet 25 or any portion of the topsheet or backsheet may be embossed and/or matte finished to provide a more fabric-like appearance.
[030] The top layer 24 can comprise one or more openings to facilitate the penetration of exudates through it, such as urine and/or feces (solid, semi-solid or liquid). At least the size of the primary opening is important in achieving the desired debris encapsulation performance. If the primary opening is too small, debris may not pass through the opening, due to poor alignment of the debris source and the location of the opening, or due to fecal masses with a diameter larger than the opening. If the opening is too wide, the area of skin that can be contaminated by "reflux" from the article increases. Typically, the total area of openings in the surface of a diaper may have an area between about 10 cm2 and about 50 cm2, in particular between about 15 cm2 and 35 cm2. Examples of topsheet with apertures are disclosed in US 6632504, assigned to BBA NONWOVENS SIMPSONVILLE. WO2011/163582 also discloses a suitable colored topsheet having a basis weight of 12 to 18 g/m2 and comprising a plurality of bonded dots. Each of the bonded stitches has a surface area of 2mm2 to 5mm2 and the accumulated surface area of the plurality of bonded stitches is 10 to 25% of the total surface area of the topsheet.
Typical diaper topsheets have a basis weight of about 10 to about 21 g/m2, in particular between about 12 to about 18 g/m2, but other basis weights are possible. Bottom layer 25
[032] The backsheet 25 is generally that portion of the article 20 positioned adjacent the surface of the absorbent core 28 and which prevents exudates absorbed therein and contained therein from soiling articles such as bed sheets and underwear. The backsheet 25 is typically impervious to liquids (eg, urine). The backsheet may, for example, be or comprise a thin plastic film such as a thermoplastic film having a thickness of from about 0.012 mm to about 0.051 mm. Exemplary backsheet films include those manufactured by Tredegar Corporation, located in Richmond, VA, USA, and available under the tradename CPC2 Film. Other suitable backsheet materials can include breathable materials that allow vapors to escape from the diaper 20 and at the same time prevent exudates from passing through the backsheet 25. Exemplary breathable materials can include materials such as fabric mats, non-woven mats, composite materials such as film-coated non-woven mats, microporous films as produced by Mitsui Toatsu Co., of Japan under the designation ESPOIR NO and by Tredegar Corporation of Richmond, VA, USA, and sold under the designation EXAIRE, and monolithic films such as those produced by Clopay Corporation, Cincinnati, OH, USA under the name HYTREL blend P18-3097. Some respirable composite materials are described in more detail in PCT Application No. WO 95/16746 published June 22, 1995 in the name of E.I. DuPont; US 5,938,648 to LaVon et al., US 4,681,793 to Linman et al., US 5,865,823 to Curro; and US 5,571,096 to Dobrin et al, US 6,946,585B2 to London Brown.
[033] The backsheet 25 can be attached to the topsheet 24, the absorbent core 28 or any other element of the disposable diaper 20 by any means of attachment known in the art. Suitable securing means are described above in connection with means for joining the topsheet 24 to other elements of the article 20. For example, the securing means may include a continuous uniform layer of adhesive, a shaped layer of adhesive or a matrix of separate lines, spirals or dots of adhesive. Suitable fastening means comprise an open pattern network of adhesive filaments as disclosed in US 4,573,986. Other suitable fastening means include several rows of adhesive filaments that are twisted into a spiral pattern, as illustrated by the apparatus and methods shown in US 3,911,173, US 4,785,996; and US 4,842,666. Adhesives found to be satisfactory are manufactured by the H.B. Fuller Company of St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, and are marketed under the designations HL-1620 and HL1358-XZP. Alternatively, the fastening means may comprise heat welds, pressure joints, ultrasonic joints, dynamic mechanical joints or any other suitable fastening means, or combinations of such fastening means, as known in the art. Absorbent core 28
[034] When used in the present application, the term "absorbent core" refers to the individual component of the article which has the greatest absorbent capacity and which comprises an absorbent material and a core shell surrounding the absorbent material. The term "absorbent core" does not include the capture-distribution system or layer or any other component of the article that is not an integral part of the core shell or is not located within the core shell. The core may consist essentially or consist of a core shell, an absorbent material, as defined below, and a glue enclosed in the core shell.
[035] The absorbent core 28 of the invention comprises absorbent material with high amount of superabsorbent polymers (abbreviated as "SAP" in the present invention) enclosed in the core shell. The SAP content represents at least 80% by weight of the absorbent material contained in the core shell. The core shell is not considered an absorbent material for the purpose of evaluating the percentage of SAP in the absorbent core.
[036]"Absorbent material" means a material that has some absorbent property or liquid-retaining properties, such as SAP, cellulosic fibers and also synthetic fibers. Typically, glues used in the manufacture of absorbent cores do not have absorbent properties and are not considered absorbent material. The SAP content can be greater than 80%, for example, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95% and even 100% of the weight of the absorbent material contained in the core shell. This allows for a relatively thin core compared to conventional core, which typically comprises 40 to 60% SAP and a high content of cellulose fibers. The absorbent material can in particular comprise less than 10% by weight of natural or synthetic fibres, or less than 5% by weight, or even be substantially free of natural and/or synthetic fibres. The absorbent material may advantageously comprise little or no aerated felt fibers (cellulose), in particular the absorbent core may comprise less than 15%, 10%, 5% of aerated felt fibers (cellulose) by weight of the absorbent core, or even being substantially free of cellulose fibres.
[037] The absorbent core example 28 of the absorbent article of Figures 4 to 5 is shown in isolation in Figures 6 to 8. The absorbent core typically comprises a leading edge 280, a trailing edge 282 and two longitudinal edges 284, 286, which join leading edge 280 to trailing edge 282. The absorbent core may also comprise a generally flat top edge and a generally flat bottom edge. Core leading edge 280 is the core edge intended to be located towards the leading edge 10 of the absorbent article. The core may have a longitudinal axis 80' substantially corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the article 80 when viewed from above in a plan view, as in Figure 1. Typically, the absorbent material will advantageously be distributed towards the leading edge in greater quantity. than towards the posterior edge, as greater absorbency is required in the anterior part. Typically, the anterior and posterior edges of the body are shorter than the longitudinal edges of the core. The core shell can be formed of two non-woven materials 16, 16', which can be at least partially sealed along the edges of the absorbent core. The core shell may be at least partially sealed along its leading edge, trailing edge and two longitudinal edges so that there is no substantial leakage from the absorbent core shell.
[038] The absorbent core of the invention may further comprise an adhesive to, for example, help immobilize the SAP within the core shell and/or to ensure the integrity of the core shell, particularly when the core shell is composed of two or more substrates. The core shell will typically extend over an area greater than is strictly necessary to contain the absorbent material within it. The absorbent core advantageously does not show a loss of SAP greater than about 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, according to the Wet Immobilization Test described in WO2010/0051166A1.
[039] Cores comprising relatively high SAP content with various core designs have already been proposed, see for example US5,599,335 (Goldman), EP1,447,066 (Busam), WO95/11652 (Tanzer), US2008/0312622A1 ( Hundorf), WO2012/052172 (Van Malderen).
[040]The absorbent material can be a continuous layer present inside the core shell. In other embodiments, the absorbent material may comprise individual pockets or strips of absorbent material enclosed in the core shell. In the first case, the absorbent material can be obtained, for example, by applying a single continuous layer of absorbent material. The continuous layer of absorbent material, in particular SAP, can also be obtained by combining two absorbent layers with a discontinuous pattern of application of the absorbent material so that the resulting layer is distributed substantially continuously over the area of the material. particulate polymeric absorbent as disclosed in US2008/0312622A1 (Hundorf), for example. The absorbent core 28 may, for example, comprise a first absorbent layer and a second absorbent layer, the first absorbent layer comprising a first substrate 16 and a first layer 61 of absorbent material, which may be 100% SAP, and comprising, the second absorbent layer, a second substrate 16' and a second layer 62 of absorbent material, which may also be 100% SAP, and a thermoplastic and fibrous adhesive material 51 at least partially bonding each layer of absorbent material 61, 62 to its respective substrate. This composition is illustrated in Figure 8, in which the first and second layers of SAP were applied in the form of transverse bands, or "contact areas", with the same width as the desired area for deposition of the absorbent material on their respective substrates before they are combined. The bands or contact areas can be separated by joining areas. The strips can advantageously comprise different contents of absorbent material (SAP) to compose a grammage profiled along the longitudinal geometric axis of the core 80'. The first substrate 16 and the second substrate 16' can form the core shell.
[041] The thermoplastic and fibrous adhesive material 51 can be at least partially in contact with the absorbent material 61, 62 in the contact areas and in at least partial contact with the substrate layer in the joining areas. This imparts an essentially three-dimensional structure to the fibrous layer of the thermoplastic adhesive material 51, which itself is essentially a two-dimensional structure of relatively small thickness compared to the dimension in the length and width directions. In this way, the thermoplastic and fibrous adhesive material can provide cavities to cover the absorbent material in the contact area, thus immobilizing this absorbent material, which can be 100% SAP.
[042] Thermoplastic adhesive material 51 may comprise, in its entirety, a single thermoplastic polymer or a blend of thermoplastic polymers, having a softening point as determined by ASTM D-36-95 "Ring and Ball" method in the range between 50°C and 300°C, and/or the thermoplastic adhesive material may be a thermofused adhesive comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer in combination with other thermoplastic diluents such as tackifying resins, plasticizers and additives such as antioxidants.
[043] Thermoplastic polymer typically has a molecular weight (MW) of more than 10,000 and a glass transition temperature (Tg) typically below room temperature or -6 °C < Tg < 16 °C. Typical polymer concentrations in a hotmelt are in the range of about 20 to about 40% by weight. Thermoplastic polymers can be insensitive to water. Exemplary polymers are (styrenic) block copolymers including ABA triblock structures, AB diblock structures and radial block copolymer structures (A-B)n where the A blocks are non-elastomeric polymer blocks typically comprising polystyrene and the B blocks are unsaturated conjugated diene or (partially) hydrogenated versions thereof. Block B is typically isoprene, butadiene, ethylene/butylene (hydrogenated butadiene), ethylene/propylene (hydrogenated isoprene), and mixtures of these items. Other suitable thermoplastic polymers that can be used are metallocene polyolefins, which are ethylene polymers prepared using single-site or metallocene catalysts. In that case, at least one comonomer can be polymerized with ethylene to produce a higher order copolymer, terpolymer, or other polymer. Also applicable are amorphous or polyamorphous polyolefins (APAO), which are homopolymers, copolymers or terpolymers of alpha-olefins from C2 to C8.
[044] The tackifier resin can, by way of example, have a molecular weight below 5,000 and a Tg typically above room temperature, typical resin concentrations in a hotmelt are in the range of about 30 to about 60% and the plasticizer has a low molecular weight of typically less than 1,000 and a Tg below room temperature, with a typical concentration of about 0 to about 15%.
[045] The thermoplastic adhesive used for the fibrous layer preferably has elastomeric properties, so that the mat formed by the fibers in the SAP layer can be extended as the SAP swells. Elastomeric hotmelt adhesives include thermoplastic elastomers such as ethylene-vinyl acetates, polyurethanes, polyolefin blends of a hard component (generally a crystalline polyolefin such as polypropylene or polyethylene) and a soft component (such as ethylene-propylene rubber); copolyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-ethylene azelate); and thermoplastic elastomeric block copolymers having thermoplastic endblocks and rubbery intermediate blocks referred to as A-B-A block copolymers: mixtures of structurally different homopolymers or copolymers, for example, a mixture of polyethylene or polystyrene with an A-B-A block copolymer; blends of a thermoplastic elastomer and a low molecular weight resin modifier, for example, a blend of a styrene-isoprene styrene block copolymer with polystyrene; and the elastomeric hotmelt pressure sensitive adhesives described herein. Elastomeric hotmelt adhesives of these types are further described in US Patent No. 4,731,066, issued to Korpman on March 15, 1988.
[046]The thermoplastic adhesive material is advantageously applied in the form of fibers. The fibers may exemplarily have an average thickness of from about 1 to about 50 micrometers or about 1 to about 35 micrometers and an average length from about 5 mm to about 50 mm or about 5 mm to about 30 mm . To optimize the adhesion of the thermoplastic adhesive material to the substrate or any other layer, in particular any other non-woven layer, these layers can be pretreated with an auxiliary adhesive. The fibers adhere to each other to form a fibrous layer, which can also be described as a mesh.
[047] In certain embodiments, the thermoplastic adhesive material will satisfy at least one or more or all of the following parameters. An exemplary thermoplastic adhesive material may have a storage modulus G' measured at 20°C of at least 30,000 Pa and less than 300,000 Pa, or less than 200,000 Pa, or between 140,000 Pa and 200,000 Pa, or less than 100,000 Pa. in a future aspect, storage modulus G' measured at 35°C may be greater than 80,000 Pa. In another aspect, storage modulus G' measured at 60°C may be less than 300,000 Pa and greater than 18,000 Pa, or greater than 24,000 Pa, or greater than 30,000 Pa, or greater than 90,000 Pa. In another aspect, the storage module G', measured at 90°C, can be less than 200,000 Pa and greater than 10,000 Pa, or greater than 20,000 Pa Pa, or greater than 30,000 Pa. The storage modulus measured at 60°C and 90°C can be a measure for the shape stability of thermoplastic adhesive material at elevated ambient temperatures. This value is particularly important if the absorbent product is used in a hot climate where the thermoplastic adhesive material would lose its integrity if the storage modulus G' at 60°C and 90°C is not high enough.
[048]G' can be measured using a rheometer as indicated in WO2010/27719. The rheometer is capable of applying a shear stress to the adhesive and measuring the resulting elongation response (shear strain) at a constant temperature. The adhesive is placed between a Peltier element, which acts as a lower fixed plate, and an upper plate with a radius R of, for example, 10 mm, which is connected to the drive rod of a motor to generate the shear stress. The gap between both plates has a height H of, for example, 1500 microns. The Peltier element allows for material temperature control (+0.5 °C). The effort rate and frequency should be chosen so that all measurements are made in the linear viscoelastic region.Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP)
[049] "Superabsorbent polymers" ("SAP"), when used in the present invention, refers to absorbent materials that are cross-linked polymeric materials and can absorb at least 10 times their weight of a 0.9% aqueous saline solution, as measured using the Centrifugal Retention Capacity (CRC) test (EDANA method WSP 241.2-05E). The SAP used may, in particular, have a CRC value greater than 20 g/g, or greater than 24 g/g, or between 20 and 50 g/g, or between 20 and 40 g/g, or 24 and 30 g /g. SAP useful in the present invention includes a variety of water-insoluble but water-swellable polymers capable of absorbing large amounts of fluid.
[050] The superabsorbent polymer can be in particulate form so that it can flow when in a dry state. Typical particulate absorbent polymeric materials are made from poly(meth)acrylic acid polymers. However, for example, starch-based particulate absorbent polymeric materials can also be used, as well as polyacrylamide copolymers, ethylene maleic anhydride copolymers, crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose, crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers and starch grafted polyacrylonitrile copolymer. The superabsorbent polymer can be polymers of polyacrylates and polyacrylic acid, which are internally and/or surface crosslinked. Suitable materials are described in PCT patent application WO07/047598 or, for example, WO07/046052 or, for example, WO2009/155265 and WO2009/155264. In some embodiments, suitable superabsorbent polymer particles can be obtained by current and modern production processes, as more particularly described in WO 2006/083584. The superabsorbent polymers are preferably internally crosslinked, i.e. the polymerization is carried out in the presence of compounds having two or more polymerizable groups which can be free radically copolymerized in the polymer network. Useful crosslinkers include, for example, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, allyl methacrylate, trimethylol propane triacrylate, triallylamine, tetraallyloxyethane as described in EP-A 530 438, diethacrylates as described in EP-A 547 847, EP-A 559 476, EP-A 632 068, WO 93/21237, WO 03/104299, WO 03/104300, WO 03/104301 and DE-A 103 31 450, mixed acrylates which, as well as the groups acrylates, additionally include ethylenically unsaturated groups as described in DE-A 103 31 456 and DE-A 103 55 401, or crosslinker mixtures as described, for example, in DE-A 195 43 368, DE-A 196 46 484, WO 90/15830 and WO 02/32962 as well as crosslinkers described in WO2009/155265. The superabsorbent polymer particles can be externally cross-linked on the surface, or: post-cross-linked). Useful post-crosslinkers include compounds including two or more groups capable of forming covalent bonds with the carboxylate groups of the polymers. Useful compounds include, for example, alkoxysilyl compounds, polyaziridines, polyamines, polyamidoamines, diglycidyl or polyglycidyl compounds as described in EP-A 083 022, EP-A 543 303 and EP-A 937 736, polyhydric alcohols as described in DE-C 33 14 019, cyclic carbonates as described in DE-A 40 20 780, 2-oxazolidone and its derivatives such as N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxazolidone as described in DE-A 198 07 502 , bis-2-oxazolidones and poly-2-oxazolidones as described in DE-A 198 07 992, 2-oxotetrahydro-1,3-oxazine and derivatives thereof as described in DE-A 198 54 573, N- acyl-2-oxazolidones as described in DE-A 198 54 574, cyclic ureas as described in DE-A 102 04 937, bicyclic amidoacetals as described in DE-A 103 34 584, oxetane and cyclic ureas as described in EP 1,199,327, and morpholine-2,3-dione and derivatives thereof as described in WO03/031482.
[051] In some embodiments, SAP is formed from polyacrylic acid polymers/polyacrylate polymers, for example, having a degree of neutralization of 60% to 90%, or about 75%, having, for example, sodium counterions .
[052] The SAP useful for the present invention can be of several formats. The term "particles" refers to granules, fibers, flakes, spheres, powders, platelets and other shapes and forms known to those skilled in the art of superabsorbent polymer particles. In some embodiments, the SAP particles can be fiber shaped, that is, elongated, acicular superabsorbent polymer particles. In such embodiments, the fibers of the superabsorbent polymer particles have a smaller dimension (i.e. fiber diameter) of less than about 1 mm, typically less than about 500 µm, and preferably less than 250 µm to 50 µm. The length of the fibers is preferably from about 3 mm to about 100 mm. The fibers can also be in the form of a long filament, which can be woven.
[053] Typically, SAP are sphere-like particles. In contrast to fibers, "sphere-like particles" have a longer and smaller dimension with a particulate ratio of the longest to the shortest particle size in the range of 1 to 5, where a value of 1 would equate to a perfectly spherical particle and 5 would allow such a spherical particle to be deflected. The superabsorbent polymer particles may have a particle size smaller than 850 µm, or 50 to 850 µm, preferably 100 to 710 µm, more preferably 150 to 650 µm, as measured according to the EDANA method WSP 220.2-05. SAP having a relatively small particle size helps to increase the surface area of the absorbent material that is in contact with the liquid exudates and therefore supports the rapid absorption of liquid exudates.
[054] SAP can have particle sizes in the range of 45 µm to 4000 µm, more specifically a particle size distribution within the range of 45 µm to about 2000 µm or from about 100 µm to about 1000, 850 or 600 µm. The particle size distribution of a material in particulate form can be determined, as is known in the art, for example, by means of dry sieving analysis (EDANA 420.02 "Particle Size Distribution").
[055] In some embodiments of the present invention, the superabsorbent material is in the form of particles with a mass average particle size of up to 2 mm or between 50 microns and 2 mm or up to 1 mm or preferably of 100 or 200 or 300 or 400 or 500 µm, or up to 1000 or up to 800 or up to 700 µm; as can, for example, be measured by the method set out in EP-A-0.691,133. In some embodiments of the invention, the superabsorbent polymer material is in the form of particles, where at least 80% by weight are particles of a size between 50 µm and 1,200 µm, and having a mass average particle size between any of the range combinations above. Furthermore, or in another embodiment of the invention, said particles are essentially spherical. In yet another embodiment, or further embodiment, of the invention, the superabsorbent polymer material has a relatively narrow range of particle sizes, e.g., with the majority (eg, at least 80% or preferably at least 90% , or even at least 95%, by weight) of the particles having a particle size between 50 µm and 1000 µm, preferably between 100 µm and 800 µm, and more preferably between 200 µm and 600 µm.
[056] Suitable SAP can, for example, be obtained from reversed-phase suspension polymerizations as described in US 4,340,706 and US 5,849,816 or from spray or other gas phase dispersion polymerizations as described in the applications US Patent Nos. 2009/0192035, 2009/0258994 and 2010/0068520. In some embodiments, suitable SAP can be obtained by the current state of the art production processes as is more particularly described from page 12, line 23 to page 20, line 27 of WO 2006/083584.
[057]The surface of SAP can be coated, for example, with a cationic polymer. Preferred cationic polymers can include polyamine or polyimine materials. In some embodiments, SAP may be coated with chitosan-based materials such as those disclosed in US 7,537,832 B2. In some other embodiments, SAP may comprise mixed bed ion exchange absorbent polymers such as those disclosed in WO 99/34841 and WO 99/34842.
[058]The absorbent core will typically comprise only one type of SAP, but it is not excluded that a blend of SAPs may be used. The fluid permeability of a superabsorbent polymer can be quantified using its Urine Permeability Measurement (UPM) value as measured in the test disclosed in European patent application number EP12174117.7. The UPM of the SAP can, for example, be at least 10x10-7 cm3.sec/g, or at least 30x10-7 cm3.sec/g, or at least 50x10-7 cm3.sec/g, or more, for example, at least 80 or 100 x10-7 cm3.sec/g. Flow characteristics can also be adjusted by varying the amount and distribution of SAP used in the second absorbent layer.
[059]For most absorbent articles, liquid discharge occurs predominantly in the front half of the article, particularly in diapers. The front half of the article (as defined by the region between the leading edge and a transverse line situated at a distance of half L from the leading or trailing edges) can therefore comprise most of the absorbent capacity of the core. Thus, at least 60% of the SAP, or at least 65%, 70%, 75% or 80% of the SAP may be present in the anterior half of the absorbent article, with the remaining SAP being disposed in the posterior half of the absorbent article.
[060]The total amount of SAP present in the absorbent core may also vary according to the expected user. Newborn diapers may require less PAS and baby diapers or adult urinary incontinence. The amount of SAP in the core can, for example, be made up of about 5 to 60 g, in particular 5 to 50 g. The average grammage of the SAP within the (or "at least one", if several are present) deposition area of the SAP 8 can be, for example, at least 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 or more g /m2. The areas of the channels present in the absorbent material deposition area 8 are subtracted from the absorbent material deposition area to calculate this average basis weight. Para shell (16, 16')
[061] The core shell can be produced from a single substrate folded around the absorbent material, or can advantageously comprise two (or more) substrates fixed to each other. Typical attachments are so-called C-wrap and/or sandwich-type wrap. In a C-wrap, as shown illustratively in Figures 2 and 7, the longitudinal and/or transverse edges of one of the substrates are folded over the other substrate to form spikes. These tips are then soldered to the outer surface of the other substrate, typically by bonding.
[062] The core shell may be formed of any material suitable for receiving and containing the absorbent material. Typical substrate materials used in the production of conventional cores can be used, in particular paper, fabrics, films, woven or non-woven materials or laminates of any of them. The core shell may, in particular, be formed of a non-woven mat, such as a carded non-woven, continuous-spun non-woven ("S") or melt-blown non-woven ("M"), in addition to laminated from any of them. For example, spunmelt polypropylene nonwovens are suitable, in particular those having an SMS or SMMS or SSMMS laminated mat, structure and having a basis weight range of about 5 g/m2 to 15 g/m2 . Suitable materials are, for example, disclosed in US 7,744,576, US 2011/0268932A1, US2011/0319848A1 or US 2011/0250413A1. Non-woven materials supplied from synthetic fibers can be used, such as PE, PET and in particular PP.
[063] If the core shell comprises a first substrate 16 and a second substrate 16', they may be produced from the same type of material, or they may be produced from different materials, or one of the substrates may be treated differently from the other to give them different properties. As polymers used for the production of nonwovens are inherently hydrophobic, they are preferably treated with hydrophilic coatings if placed on the fluid receiving side of the absorbent core. It is advantageous that the upper side of the core shell, i.e. the side located closest to the wearer on the absorbent article, is more hydrophilic than the underside of the core shell. One possible way to produce nonwovens with permanently hydrophilic coatings is by applying a hydrophilic monomer and a radical polymerization initiator to the nonwoven and conducting an activated polymerization through UV light resulting in the monomer chemically bonded to the surface of the nonwoven. An alternative possible way to produce nonwovens with permanently hydrophilic coatings is to coat the nonwoven with hydrophilic nanoparticles, for example as described in WO 02/064877.
[064]Permanently hydrophilic nonwovens are also useful in some modalities. Surface tension, as described in US 7744576 (Busam et al.), can be used to measure how permanently a hydrophilically certain level is achieved. Liquid leakage as described in US 7744576 can be used to measure the level of hydrophilic capacity. The first and/or the second substrate may, in particular, have a surface tension of at least 55, preferably at least 60 and most preferably at least 65 mN/m or more when wet with saline. The substrate may also have a liquid pour time of less than 5 s for a fifth jet of liquid. These values can be measured using the test methods described in document US 7,744,576B2: "Determination of surface tension" and "Leakage determination", respectively.
[065]The hydrophilic capacity and wettability are typically defined in terms of contact angle and time for penetration of fluids, for example through a non-woven material. This is discussed in detail in the American Chemical Society publication entitled "Contact angle, wettability and adhesion", edited by Robert F. Gould (copyright 1964). A substrate that has a lower contact angle between the water and the substrate surface can be said to be more hydrophilic than the other.
[066]Substrates can also be permeable to air. Films useful in the present invention can therefore comprise micropores. The substrate may have, for example, an air permeability of 40 or 50, at 300 or at 200 m3/ (m2x min), as determined by the EDANA method 140-1-99 (125 Pa, 38.3 cm2). The core shell material may alternatively have a lower air permeability, for example, being non-permeable to air to, for example, facilitate handling on a moving surface that comprises a vacuum.
[067] The core shell may be at least partially sealed along the sides of the absorbent core so that there is no substantial leakage of absorbent material from the core while performing the RCWR test indicated below. "Substantially no absorbent material" refers to less than 5%, advantageously less than 2%, or less than 1%, or 0%, by weight of the absorbent material escaping from the core shell. In particular, the core casing must not burst considerably during the test run. The term "seal" must be understood in a broad sense. The seal need not be continuous along the entire periphery of the core shell, it can instead be discontinuous along part or all of the shell, such as if formed by a series of seal points spaced in a line. Typically, a seal can be formed by gluing and/or heat sealing.
[068]If the core shell is formed of two substrates 16, 16', four seals can typically be used to enclose the absorbent material 60 in the core shell. For example, a first substrate 16 can be placed on one side of the core (the upper side as shown in the figures) and extend around the longitudinal edges of the core until at least partially surround the opposite lower side of the core. The second substrate 16' is typically situated between the folded ends of the first substrate 16 and the absorbent material 60. The ends of the first substrate 16 can be glued to the second substrate 16' to form a strong seal. This so-called C-wrap construction can provide benefits such as better overflow resistance in a moisture-laden state compared to a sandwich-type seal. The front side and back side of the core shell can thus also be sealed, for example, by gluing the first substrate to the second substrate to effect complete encapsulation of the absorbent material along the entire periphery of the core. For the front side and the back side of the core, the first and second substrates can extend and join in a substantially flat direction, forming, for these edges, the so-called sandwich-type construction. In the so-called sandwich construction, the first and second substrates can also extend outward on all sides of the core and can be sealed along the entire periphery of the core or parts of it, usually by gluing and/or welding by heat/pressure. Typically, neither the first nor second substrates need to be shaped so that they can be cut rectangularly for ease of production, but of course other shapes are possible.
[069] The core shell can also be formed of a single substrate, which can enclose, as in a wrapping, the absorbent material and be, for example, sealed along the front and back sides of the core and a seal lengthwise. Absorbent material deposition area 8
[070] The deposition area of the absorbent material 8 can be defined by the periphery of the layer formed by the absorbent material 60 inside the core shell, as seen from the upper side of the absorbent core. The absorbent material deposition area 8 can have various shapes, in particular exhibiting the so-called "dog bone" or "hourglass" shape, which shows a taper of its width towards the center or "between the thighs" region of the core. . Thus, the absorbent material deposition area may have a relatively narrow width in an area of the core intended to be situated in the region between the thighs of the absorbent article, as illustrated in Figure 1. This can provide, for example, better comfort in the use. The deposition area of the absorbent material 8 can thus have a width (measured in the transverse direction) which, at its narrowest point, is less than about 100 mm, 90 mm, 80 mm, 70 mm, 60 mm or even less that about 50 mm. This narrower width can also be, for example, at least 5 mm, or at least 10 mm, smaller than the width of the deposition area at its widest point in the anterior and/or posterior regions of the deposition area 8. The deposition area of the absorbent material 8 can also be generally rectangular, for example, as shown in Figures 4 to 6, but other deposition areas can also be used, such as "T" or "T" shaped areas. "Y", or "hourglass", or "bone".
[071] The grammage (amount deposited per unit surface) of the SAP can also be varied along the deposition area 8 to create a profiled distribution of the absorbent material, especially the SAP, in the longitudinal direction, in the transverse direction or in both Core directions. Thus, along the longitudinal axis of the core, the grammage of the absorbent material may vary, as well as along the transverse axis, or any axis parallel to those axes. The weight of SAP in relatively heavy weight area can thus be, for example, at least 10%, or 20%, or 30%, or 40%, or 50% greater than in a relatively light weight area. Particularly, the SAP present in the absorbent material deposition area at the level of the point between the thighs C may have greater deposition per surface unit than in other areas of the absorbent material deposition area 8.
[072]The absorbent material can be deposited using known techniques that allow relatively accurate deposition of the SAP at relatively high speed. In particular, SAP printing technology as disclosed, for example, in documents US2006/24433 (Blessing), US2008/0312617 and US2010/0051166A1 (both to Hundorf et al.) can be used. This technique uses a print cylinder to deposit SAP onto a substrate disposed on a grid of a support which may include a plurality of crossbars extending substantially parallel and spaced apart from one another to form channels extending between a plurality of crossbars. This technology allows for accurate and high-speed deposition of SAP onto a substrate. The channels of the absorbent core can be formed, for example, by modifying the pattern of the grid and the receiving drums so that no SAP is applied in certain areas and areas free of absorbent material are formed in the form of channels. EP application number 11169396.6 discloses this modification in more detail. Channels 26, 26’
[073] The absorbent material deposition area 8 comprises at least one channel 26, which is oriented at least partially in the longitudinal direction of the article 80. Hereinafter the plural form "channels" will be used in the sense of "at least one channel" . The channels may have a length L’ projected on the longitudinal axis 80 of the article that is at least 10% of the length L of the article. Channels can be formed in several ways. For example, the channels can be formed by zones in the area of deposition of the absorbent material which can be substantially free of absorbent material, in particular SAP. Additionally or alternatively, the channel(s) may also be formed by continuous or discontinuous welding of the upper side of the core shell to the underside of the core shell via the absorbent material deposition area. The channels can advantageously be continuous, but the possibility that the channels are intermittent is not excluded. The capture-distribution system or any sublayer between the top layer and the absorbent core layer, or other layer of the article, may also comprise channels, which may or may not correspond to the channels of the absorbent core.
[074]The channels may be present particularly at least at the same longitudinal level as the point between the thighs C on the absorbent article, as shown in Figure 1, with two longitudinally extending channels 26, 26'. The channels can also extend from the region between the thighs or be present in the anterior region and/or in the posterior region of the article.
[075] The absorbent core 28 may also comprise more than two channels, for example, at least 3, or at least 4, or at least 5, or at least 6. Shorter channels may also be present, for example, in the region posterior or anterior region of the core, as represented by the pair of channels 27, 27' in Figure 1, towards the anterior part of the article. The channels may comprise one or more pairs of channels arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis 80.
[076]The channels can be particularly useful in the absorbent core when the absorbent material deposition area is rectangular, as the channels can optimize the flexibility of the core, as there is less advantage in using a non-rectangular (shaped) core ). Of course, channels can also be present in a SAP layer that has a formatted drop area.
[077] Channels can extend substantially longitudinally, which typically means that each channel extends more in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction, and typically at least twice as much in the longitudinal direction as in the transverse direction ( measured after the projection of the respective axis). In some embodiments, there are no complete or substantially transverse channels in the core.
[078]The channels can be oriented completely longitudinally and parallel to the longitudinal axis, but they can also be curved. In particular, some or all of the channels, particularly the channels present in the region between the thighs, may be concave towards the longitudinal centerline 80, as shown, for example, in Figure 1 for the pair of channels 26, 26'. The radius of curvature may typically be at least equal (and preferably at least 1.5 or at least 2.0 times that mean transverse dimension) to the mean transverse dimension of the absorbent layer; and also straight, but under an angle of (eg 5°) to 30° or, for example, up to 20° or up to 10° with a line parallel to the longitudinal axis. The radius of curvature can be constant for a channel or it can vary along its length. This can also include channels with an angle therein, as long as said angle between two parts of a channel is at least 120°, preferably at least 150°. and in any of these cases, as long as the longitudinal extension of the channel is greater than the transverse extension. The channels can also be branched, for example a central channel superimposed on the longitudinal geometric axis in the region between the thighs that branches towards the back and/or towards the front of the article.
[079]In some modalities, there is no channel that coincides with the geometric longitudinal axis 80 of the article or core. When present in the form of symmetrical pairs with respect to the longitudinal geometric axis, the channels can be spaced along their entire longitudinal dimension. The smallest spacing distance can be, for example, at least 5 mm, or at least 10 mm, or at least 16 mm.
[080] In addition, in order to reduce the risk of liquid leakage, the main longitudinal channels do not extend to any of the edges of the absorbent material deposition area and are therefore fully comprised within the limits of the material deposition area core absorbent. Typically, the shortest distance between a channel and the edge closest to the deposition area of the absorbent material is at least 5 mm.
[081]The channels may have width Wc along at least part of their length equal to at least 2 mm, or at least 3 mm, or at least 4 mm, up to, for example, 20 mm, or 16 mm, or 12 mm. The channel width may be constant over substantially the entire length of the channel, or it may vary along its length. When the channels are formed by an absorbent material-free zone at the limits of the absorbent material deposition area, the width of the channels is considered equal to the width of the material-free zone, disregarding the possible presence of the core casing in the channels. If the channels are not formed by zones free of absorbent material, for example mainly the firm welding of the core shell through the zone of absorbent material, the width of the channels is equal to the width of their weld.
[082]At least some of the channels, or all of them, are advantageously permanent channels, which means that their integrity is at least partially maintained in the dry state and in the wet state. Permanent channels can be obtained by providing one or more adhesive material, for example, the fibrous layer of adhesive material or a construction glue that aids in the adhesion, for example, of a substrate with an absorbent material to the interior of the channel walls. . The permanent channels can also be formed in particular by welding the upper to the lower side of the core shell (eg first substrate 16 and second substrate 16') along the channels. Typically, it is possible to use an adhesive to weld the sides of the core shell along the channels, but it is also possible to weld by other known means such as pressure welding, ultrasonic welding or heat welding, or a combination thereof. The core shell can be welded continuously or intermittently along the channels. The channels may advantageously remain or be visible, at least through the topsheet and/or the backsheet, when the absorbent article is completely filled with liquids, as disclosed in the Wet Channel Integrity Test below. This can be achieved by leaving the channels substantially free of SAP so they don't swell and large enough that they don't close when wet. Furthermore, soldering the core shell to itself along the channels can be advantageous. The Wet Channel Integrity Test described below can be used to test to what dimensions the channels are permanent and visible after saturation of liquids. Advantageously, a permanent channel according to the invention has an integrity percentage of at least 20% or 30% or 40% or 50% or 60 or 70% or 80% or 90% according to the wet channel integrity test. Protection barrier 34
[083] The absorbent article comprises a pair of protective barriers 34. The protective barriers may be formed from a piece of material, typically a non-woven, which is partially welded to the rest of the article so that a portion of the material, the Barriers may partially rise from the plane defined by the top layer when the article is stretched and remain erect, as shown, for example, in Figure 1. Barriers can provide improved containment of liquids and other body exudates approximately in the joining the user's legs to the torso. The protective barriers extend at least partially between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the diaper on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis and are present at least at the level of the point between the thighs (C). The protective barriers are delimited by a proximal edge 64 joined to the rest of the article, typically the top layer and/or the bottom layer, and a free end edge 66, which is intended to contact the wearer's skin and form a stamp. The protective barriers are joined at the proximal edge 64 to the article chassis by a weld 65, which can be made, for example, by gluing, fusion welding or a combination of known welding means. The weld 65 on the proximal edge 64 can be continuous or intermittent. The side of weld 65 closest to the raised section of the barriers delimits the proximal edge 64 of the upright section of the barrier. The distance between the inside sides of these welds 65 defines the dry and wet width of the article at this level for the purposes of RCWR testing (see below).
[084] The protective barriers can be Integrated to the top layer or to the bottom layer, or, more typically, be formed of a separate material joined to the rest of the article. Typically, the barrier material may extend along the entire length of the diapers, but be "nailed" into the top layer towards the leading edge and trailing edge of the article, so that in these sections the material the protective barrier is flush with the top layer. Each protective fence 34 may comprise one, two or more elastic strands 35 proximate this loose end edge 66 to provide a better seal.
[085] In addition to the protective barriers 34, the article may comprise sealing barriers 32, which are joined to the chassis of the absorbent article, in particular to the upper layer and/or to the lower layer, and are located transversely and externally to the barriers of protection. Sealing barriers can provide a better seal around the user's thighs. Typically, each barrier seal will comprise one or more strings or elastic elements comprised in the diaper chassis, for example between the topsheet and the backsheet, in the area of the leg openings.
[086] Document US3,860.003 describes a disposable diaper that provides a contractile opening for the legs that has a side flap and one or more elastic members to provide an elasticized barrier (a sealing barrier). Applications US 4,808,178 and US4,909,803 granted to Aziz et al. describe disposable diapers with "upright" elasticized flaps (protective barriers) that optimize containment of the leg regions. Documents US4,695,278 and US4,795,454 issued to Lawson and Dragoo respectively, describe disposable diapers that have dual barriers, including sealing barriers and protective barriers. The protective and/or sealing barriers can be treated, in whole or in part, with a lotion. Capture-Distribution System 50
[087]The absorbent articles of the invention may comprise a layer or capture-distribution system 50 (hereinafter referred to as "ADS"). The function of ADS is to quickly capture liquid and efficiently distribute it through the absorbent core. The ADS can comprise one, two or more layers, which can form a unitary layer or remain in the form of separate layers, which can be attached to each other. In the examples below, the ADS comprises two layers: a distribution layer 54 and a capture layer 52 disposed between the absorbent core and the topsheet, but the invention is not limited to that example.
[088] Typically, the ADS will not understand SAP as this can delay liquid capture and distribution. The prior art discloses many types of capture-delivery systems, see for example WO2000/59430 (Daley), WO95/10996 (Richards), US5700,254 (McDowall), WO02/067809 (Graef). ADS can comprise, although not necessarily, two layers: a distribution layer and a capture layer, which will now be exemplified in more detail. Distribution layer 54
[089] The distribution layer can, for example, comprise at least 50% by weight of crosslinked cellulose fibers. Crosslinked cellulosic fibers can be crimped, twisted or curled, or a combination thereof, which includes crimped, twisted and curled. This type of material has been used in the past in disposable diapers as part of a catch system, see eg US 2008/0312622 A1 (Hundorf). Crosslinked cellulosic fibers provide greater resilience and therefore greater resistance to the first absorbent layer against compaction in the product packaging or under conditions of use, for example under the weight of the baby. This provides the core with increased void volume, permeability and liquid absorption and thus reduced leakage and optimized dryness.
[090] Exemplary chemically crosslinked cellulose fibers suitable for a distribution layer are disclosed in applications US5,549,791, US5,137,537, WO9534329 or US2007/118087. Exemplary crosslinking agents include polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid and/or polyacrylic acids such as acrylic acid and maleic acid copolymers. For example, the crosslinked cellulosic fibers can have between about 0.5 mol% and about 10.0 mol% of a C2-C9 polycarboxylic acid crosslinking agent, calculated on a molar basis of cellulose anhydroglucose, reacted with said fibers in an intrafiber ester crosslinked form. The C2-C9 polycarboxylic acid crosslinking agent can be selected from the group consisting of:- aliphatic and alicyclic C2-C9 polycarboxylic acids having at least three carboxyl groups per molecule; and - aliphatic and alicyclic C2-C9 polycarboxylic acids having two carboxyl groups per molecule and having a carbon-carbon double bond located alpha, beta to one or both of the carboxyl groups, wherein a carboxyl group in said polycarboxylic acid crosslinking agent C2-C9 is separated from a second carboxyl group by two or three carbon atoms. The fibers may in particular have between about 1.5% by mol and about 6.0% by mol of crosslinking agent, calculated on a molar basis of cellulose anhydroglucose, reacted therewith as an ester crosslinked bond. intrafibers. The cross-linking agent can be selected from the group consisting of citric acid, 1, 2, 3, 4 tetracarboxylic acid butane and 1, 2, 3 propane tricarboxylic acid, in particular citric acid.
[091] Polyacrylic acid crosslinking agents can also be selected from polyacrylic acid homopolymers, acrylic acid copolymers, and mixtures thereof. The fibers may have between 1.0% by weight and 10.0% by weight, preferably between 3% by weight and 7% by weight of such crosslinking agents, calculated on a weight basis of dry fiber, reacted therewith in the form of intrafiber crosslinks. The crosslinking agent can be a polyacrylic acid polymer with a molecular weight of 500 to 40,000, preferably 1,000 to 20,000. The polymeric polyacrylic acid crosslinking agent may be a copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid, in particular wherein the weight ratio of acrylic acid to maleic acid is 10:1 to 1:1, preferably 5: 1 to 1.5:1. An effective amount of citric acid can be further mixed with said polymeric polyacrylic acid crosslinking agent.
[092] The distribution layer comprising crosslinked cellulose fibers of the invention may comprise other fibers, but such layer may advantageously comprise at least 50%, or 60%, or 70%, or 80%, or 90% or even 100%, by weight of the layer of cross-linked cellulose fibers (including cross-linking agents). Examples of such a layer of mixed crosslinked cellulose fibers may comprise about 70% by weight chemically crosslinked cellulose fibers, about 10% by weight polyester fibers (PET) and about 20% by weight weight, of untreated pulp fibres. In another example, the layer of crosslinked cellulose fibers may comprise about 70% by weight of chemically crosslinked cellulose fibers, about 20% by weight of lyocell fibers and about 10% by weight of PET fibers. In another example, the layer may comprise about 68% by weight of chemically crosslinked cellulose fibers, about 16% by weight of untreated pulp fibers and about 16% by weight of PET fibers. In another example, the layer of cross-linked cellulose fibers can comprise from about 90 to 100%, by weight, of chemically cross-linked cellulose fibers.
[093] The distribution layer 54 may be a material with a water retention value of 25 to 60, preferably 30 to 45, measured as indicated in the disclosed procedure US 5,137,537.
[094] The distribution layer can typically have an average weight of 30 to 400 g/m2, in particular 100 to 300 g/m2. The density of the distribution layer may vary depending on the compression of the article, but may be between 0.03 to 0.15 g/cm3, in particular 0.08 to 0.10 g/cm3, measured at 0.30 psi (2, 07 kPa). capture layer 52
[095] The ADS may comprise a capture layer 52. The capture layer may be disposed between the distribution layer 54 and the top layer 24. The capture layer 52 may typically be or comprise a non-woven material, for example an SMS or SMMS material comprising a continuous spinning layer, one produced by extrusion into blocks with hot air passage at high speed (meltblown) and an additional continuous spinning layer or alternatively a chemically bonded non-woven fabric carded. The non-woven material can, in particular, be consolidated with latex. Exemplary top capture layers 52 are disclosed in US7,786.341. Resin bonded carded nonwovens can be used, in particular, when the fibers used are solid rounded or hollow rounded PET textile fibers (50/50 or 40/60 blend of 6 denier and 9 denier fibers). An exemplary binder is a butadiene/styrene latex. Nonwovens have the advantage that they can be manufactured outside the converting line and stored and used as a material cylinder.
[096] Additional useful nonwovens are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,645,569 to Cramer et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,863,933 to Cramer et al., U.S. Patent Application No. 7,112,621 to Rohrbaugh et al. , and copending patent applications U.S2003/148684 to Cramer et al. and US2005/008839 to Cramer et al.
[097] The capture layer 52 can be stabilized by a latex binder, eg a styrene-butadiene latex based binder (SB latex). Processes for obtaining such screens are known, for example, from EP 149 880 (Kwok) and US2003/0105190 (Diehl et al.). In certain embodiments, the binder can be present in capture layer 52 at more than about 12%, about 14%, or about 16%, by weight. SB latex is available under the trade name GENFLO™ 3160 (OMNOVA Solutions Inc.; Akron, Ohio, U.S.A.).
[098]An additional capture layer can be used in addition to the first capture layer described above. For example, a tissue layer can be situated between the first capture layer and the distribution layer. The tissue may have improved capillary distribution properties compared to the capture layer described above. The fabric and first capture layer may be the same size or may be different sizes, for example, the fabric layer may extend further to the back of the absorbent article than the first capture layer. An example of a hydrophilic fabric is 13 to 15 g/m2 and has high wet strength, produced from cellulose fibers from Havix supplier. Fixation System
[099] The absorbent article may include a fastening system. The fastening system can be used to provide lateral tensions along the circumference of the absorbent article to support the absorbent article on the wearer, as is typical for diapers with adhesive tapes. This fixation system is not necessary for a training article as the waist region of these articles is already joined. The fastening system generally comprises a fastener such as ribbon tabs, hook and loop type fasteners, snap fasteners such as tabs & slits, buckles, buttons, snap fasteners and/or hermaphroditic fasteners, although any other means known in the art is generally acceptable. There is usually a contact zone in the anterior region of the waist for the fixator to be releasably secured. Some exemplary surface fastening systems are disclosed in US 3,848,594, US4,662,875, US 4,846,815, US 4,894,060, US4,946,527, US 5,151,092 and US 5,221,274 issued to Buell. An exemplary snap-on fastening system is disclosed in US Patent No. 6,432,098. The securing system may also contain a means for retaining the article in a discard configuration, as disclosed in US Application No. 4,963,140, issued to Robertson et al.
[100]The fastening system may also include primary and secondary fastening systems as disclosed in US4,699.622 to reduce displacement of overlapping portions or to improve fit as disclosed in US5,242,436, US5,499,978, US5. 507,736 and US5,591,152. Anterior and posterior ears 46, 40
[101]The absorbent article may comprise front ears 46 and hind ears 40 as is known in the art. The ears can be an integral part of the chassis, for example formed from the top layer and/or the bottom layer as a side panel. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 1, there may be separate elements fixed by gluing and/or hot embossing or pressure bonding. Hind ears 40 are advantageously extensible to facilitate attachment of tabs 42 to contact zone 40 and hold diapers with tapes in place around the wearer's waist. Hind ears 40 may also be elastic or extendable to provide a more comfortable and anatomical fit by conformably initially adapting the absorbent article to the wearer and then maintaining that fit over time of use, well after the article. absorbent is full of exudates, as the elasticized ears allow for the contraction and expansion of the sides of the absorbent article. Elastic waist detail
[102] The absorbent article may also comprise at least one elastic waist feature (not shown) that helps provide better fit and containment. The elastic waist detail is generally designed to elastically expand and contract to dynamically fit the wearer's waist. The elastic waist feature preferably extends at least longitudinally and externally from at least one waist edge of the absorbent core 28 and generally forms at least a portion of the end edge of the absorbent article. Disposable diapers can be constructed to have two elastic waist features, one positioned at the front of the waist and one positioned at the back of the waist. The elastic waist detail can be constructed in a number of different configurations, including those described in US 4,515,595, US 4,710,189, US 5,151,092 and US 5,221,274. Relationships between layers
[103] Typically, the layers and adjacent components will be joined using a conventional welding method, such as adhesive coating by means of extrusion coating or spray coating on part or all of the layer surface, or heat welding, or pressure welding or combinations thereof. Such welding is not shown in the Figures (except the welding of the raised element from barriers 65 to the top layer 24) for clarity and readability, but welding between layers of the article is to be considered present unless specifically excluded. Adhesives can typically be used to improve the adhesion of different layers, for example, between the back layer and the core shell. The glue can be any standard hotmelt glue as known in the art.
[104]If a capture layer 52 is present, it may be advantageous for that capture layer to be larger than the distribution layer 54, or at least to be the same size as it, in longitudinal and/or transverse dimension. Thereby, the distribution layer 52 can be deposited on the capture layer 54 during the manufacturing process prior to assembling these layers into the finished article. This simplifies handling, particularly if the capture layer is a non-woven fabric that can be unwound from a reel of stock material. The distribution layer can also be deposited directly on the upper side of the absorbent core of the core shell or other layer of the article. In addition, a capture layer 52 larger than the distribution layer allows direct gluing of the capture layer to the storage core (in larger areas). Which can provide more integrity to the article and better net communication.
[105] The absorbent core and, in particular, its absorbent material deposition area 8 can advantageously be at least as large and long as the capture-distribution system (ADS), and advantageously at least partially larger and/or longer than the same. This is because absorbent material in the body can often retain fluid and provide drying benefits more effectively over a large area than ADS. The absorbent article may have a rectangular SAP layer and a non-rectangular (shaped) ADS. The absorbent article may also have a rectangular (non-formed) ADS and a rectangular SAP layer. Article manufacturing methods
[106] The absorbent articles of the invention can be produced by any conventional method known in the art. In particular, articles can be produced by hand or industrially, at high speed. Experimental settings
[107] The values indicated in the present invention are measured in accordance with the methods of the present invention indicated below, unless otherwise specified. All measurements are performed at 21 ± 2°C and 50 ± 20% RH, unless otherwise specified. All samples must be kept for at least 24 hours in these conditions to equilibrate before performing the tests, unless otherwise indicated. All measurements must be repeated on at least 4 samples, and the average value obtained indicated, unless otherwise indicated. Centrifugal Retention Capacity (CRC)
[108]CRC measures liquid absorbed by superabsorbent polymer particles for free swelling in excess liquid. CRC is measured according to the EDANA WSP 241,2-05 method. Gauge TestEquipment: Mitutoyo hand caliper, 0.01 mm resolution — or equivalent instrument.Contact Foot: Flat circular foot with a diameter of 17.0 mm (+/- 0.2 mm). A circular weight can be applied to the foot (eg a weight with a slit to facilitate application around the instrument shaft) to obtain the target weight. The total foot weight and added weight (including rod) are selected to apply 2.07 kPa (0.30 psi) of pressure to the sample. If there was a spring to push the foot into the sample, the spring was removed from the equipment so that the equipment effectively applied a pressure of 2.07 kPa.
[109]The caliper is mounted with the lower surface of the contact foot in a horizontal plane so that it contacts the center of the upper flat horizontal surface of a baseplate approximately 20 x 25 cm. The caliper is reset with the contact foot resting on the base plate.Scale: Calibrated metallic scale, graduated in mm. Timer: 1 second accuracy Sample preparation:
[110]If absorbent articles are supplied in a package, the sample articles to be tested will be removed from the central area of the package. If the package contains more than 4 articles, the outer two articles on each side of the package are not used in the test. If the package contains more than 4 and less than 14 articles, more than one article package is needed to perform the test. If the package contains 14 items or more, only one item package is needed to perform the test. If the package contains 4 items or less, all items in the package will be measured and multiple packages will be needed to perform the measurement. Gauge readings should be taken 24 ± 1 hours after the item is removed from the packaging. The physical handling of the product must be minimal and restricted only to the preparation of the necessary sample.
[111]Any elastic components of the article that prevent it from being laid flat under the gauge foot are cut or removed. These may include barriers or waistbands. Underwear configuration items are opened or cut along the side seams as needed. Apply enough tension to smooth out creases/wrinkles. Care must be taken to avoid touching and/or pressing the absorbent core and ADS area. Measurement procedure:
[112]The article is laid out on a bench, with the garment side facing down. A lateral line is drawn across the body-facing surface of the article at the level of the point between the thighs C.
[113] The caliper counter foot is raised, and the article is placed on the base plate, with the surface facing the garment downward, so that when lowered, the center of the foot is at the measurement point at the point between the thighs C.
[114]The foot is carefully lowered onto the article and released (calibrate to "0" before starting the measurement). The gauge value is rounded to the nearest 0.01 mm 10 seconds after the foot is released.
[115]The procedure is repeated at all measuring points. If there is a bend at the measurement point, the measurement is performed in the area closest to that point where there are no bends. Ten articles are measured in this way for a given product, and the average gauge is calculated and reported to the nearest one-tenth of a mm.Wet Channel Integrity Test
[116]This test is designed to check the integrity of a channel after wet saturation. The test can be carried out directly on an absorbent article or an absorbent core taken separately.1. The total length (in millimeters) of the channel is measured in the dry state (if the channel is not straight, the curvilinear length along the middle of the channel is measured).2. The absorbent article or core is then completely immersed in a large amount (eg 5 liters) of synthetic "saline" urine, with a concentration of 9.00 g of NaCl per 1,000 ml of solution prepared by dissolving the appropriate amount. of sodium chloride in distilled water. The temperature of the solution should be 20 +/- 5 °C.3. After 1 minute in saline solution, the absorbent article or core is removed and hung vertically by one end for 5 seconds to dry, then it is stretched on a horizontal surface with the user's side (top layer), designed to face to the user, facing up. If the absorbent core or article comprises extension elements, they are stretched in the X and Y dimensions so that no shrinkage is observed. The leading and trailing edges of the absorbent article or core are secured to a horizontal surface so that no shrinkage can occur. 4. The absorbent article or core is covered with a rigid rectangular plate of suitable weight, having the following dimensions: length equal to the total length of the absorbent article or core, and width equal to the maximum width of the absorbent structure or core at the widest point .5. A pressure of 18.0 kPa is applied for 30 seconds over the area of the rigid plate mentioned above. Pressure is calculated based on the total area covered by the rigid plate. The pressure is achieved by placing additional weights at the geometric center of the rigid plate, so that the combined weight of the rigid plate and the additional weights results in a pressure of 18.0 kPa over the total area of the rigid plate.6. After 30 seconds the additional weights and rigid plate are removed.7. Immediately thereafter, the cumulative length of the portions of the channel that remained intact is measured (in millimeters; if the channel is not straight the curvilinear length through the middle of the channel is measured). If no portion of the channel remains intact, then the channel is not permanent.
[117]Percentage integrity of the permanent channel is calculated by dividing the cumulative length of the portions of the channel that have remained intact along the length of the channel in the dry state, and then multiplying the quotient by 100.Reduction test Relative width of the region between the thighs (RCWR)Principle: This test determines the dimension of the reduction of the diaper width at the level of the point between the thighs after application of saline water according to the test protocol below. The point between the thighs is the point on the longitudinal geometric axis located at a distance of two fifths (2/5), measured from the front edge, of the length L of the article.
[118]The distance between the proximal ends 64 of the upright sections 34 of the raised barriers at the level of the point between the thighs C of the absorbent article defines the width of the region between the thighs of the article. The method requires separate measurement of the width of the region between the thighs Wd dry (ie, before use) and the width of the region between the thighs wet Ww (of the loaded absorbent article). Sample preparation: the weight of the dry article is measured and recorded as Md. The absorbent article is placed with the top layer side on a sufficiently large Plexiglass plate. The leading and trailing edges of the absorbent article are secured by means of fasteners to the Plexiglass plate so that the article is stretched over the plate. Fasteners are applied only to the front and back regions of the absorbent article and must apply sufficient tension to stretch it. The underwear configuration absorbent articles are cut at the side seams. If the underwear configuration absorbent article does not have side seams, it is cut at the two corresponding side positions of the waistband. Absorbent articles provided with a fastening system are opened. The Plexiglass board with the absorbent article is placed in a horizontal position, with the top layer of the article facing upwards.
[119] The longitudinal axis is marked on the top layer of the absorbent article, and the length of the article L between the leading and trailing edge is measured. The longitudinal geometric axis divides, in general, the product, along its length, into two approximately symmetrical parts, in the plane of the upper layer. The line in the region between the thighs is also marked on the top layer. The line of the region between the thighs is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in the plane of the topsheet, crosses the longitudinal axis at 2/5 of the length L of the absorbent article, measured from the leading edge of the absorbent article. The front portion is the portion of the absorbent article designed to be located closest to the wearer's navel. The posterior part is the part closest to the buttocks. Measurement of the width of the region between the dry thighs Wd:
[120]As indicated above, the protective barriers 34 are the portion of the barriers that can be raised from the plane defined by the upper layer. The protective barriers 34 are joined to the rest of the article, typically to the top layer, at their proximal edges 64, by a weld 65 or more. The width of the region between the dry thighs Wd is determined by measuring the distance with a caliper along the line of the region between the thighs, from the innermost weld 65 of a protective barrier to the innermost weld 65 of the opposite protective barrier, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The protective barriers can be pulled out of the article with care for dry and wet width measurement so that the caliper can be placed directly on the side of the weld closest to the longitudinal axis. The tips of the caliper should touch the two intersections of the line between the thighs and the proximal edge of the barrier. The caliper tips should touch but not deform the intersections. The caliper must not touch other part(s) of the absorbent article. The width of the region between the dry thighs is noted as Wd. The width of the dry mid-thigh region (Wd) of the article of the invention ranges from 70 mm to 200 mm. Absorbent Article Loading: The fluid loading step is used to load the absorbent article in a reproducible manner. A sufficiently large vessel with a large amount of saline solution (0.9% NaCl) is placed on a flat support. The absorbent article, still attached to the Plexiglass plate, is loaded by fully immersing it in the saline container, with the top layer side facing upward, so that the liquid covers the entire absorbent article for 15 seconds. The saline solution must completely cover the surface of the absorbent article at all times. The Plexiglass plate (with the absorbent article) is removed from the container immediately after 15 seconds. The absorbent article is left for 3 minutes to equilibrate by placing the Plexiglass plate in a horizontal position, with the article facing upwards.Wet measurement: After these 3 minutes, the width of the wet thigh region is measured and reported as Ww. The width of the wetted region between thighs is measured by applying the caliper to the line of the region between the thighs and measuring the distance between the two proximal edges of the protective barriers without wrinkling the absorbent material, in the same way as the dry width was measuredWd. The absorbent article is then removed from the Plexiglass plate and the weight of the wet absorbent article is measured. This is noted as the wet weight Mw. Calculation of the relative reduction in thigh region width (RCWR):
[121] RCWR is calculated according to the following formula:
experimental
[122] The following products were prepared according to the invention: Example of invention 1:
[123] Diapers with rectangular absorbent material deposition area and two pairs of channels similar to the one shown in Figure 1 were prepared with the following specifications. One pair of channels was relatively long and was mainly present in the region between the thighs of the article, and the other pair was smaller and was situated towards the front of the article. The channels did not contain absorbent material and the top and bottom sides of the core shell were joined by means of these channels. The width of the channels was uniformly 8 mm, and the projected lengths on the longitudinal geometric axis of the article of the long and short channels were about 170 mm and 40 mm, respectively. The longer channels were curved and concave towards the longitudinal centerline of the article, as shown in Figure 1. The shortest distance between the longer channels was about 16 mm. The shortest distance between the shortest channels was about 14 mm. The smaller channels were also slightly curved.
[124] The absorbent core comprised a total of 14.1 g of fast-absorbing SAP applied to a deposition area with a length of 360 mm and a shaped width profile, as shown in Figure 1. The width of the deposition area of the material absorbent was 110 mm in the anterior and posterior regions of the deposition area and 90 mm in the point between the thighs of the deposition area of the absorbent material. The SAP was distributed so that the weight of the SAP was greater in the region between the thighs than in the anterior region and even smaller towards the posterior region. There was no SAP profiling in the transverse direction ("cross-machine direction" or "CD"). The absorbent core was formed by SAP printing technology, as disclosed in US2010/0051166A1, which combines two non-woven substrates, both supporting a layer of SAP and having an elastic microfiber glue applied to each layer of SAP, which immobilizes the SAP layer on the substrate. These non-woven substrates make up the core shell by forming a C-wrap with the upper substrate on the lower substrate. Auxiliary glue was applied between the SAP layers and their respective substrates, which was applied by extrusion with 41 1 mm wide slots, with a distance of 1 mm between the slots along the entire length of the core shell (390 mm). Microfiber glue (from HB Fuller) applied to each SAP layer was uniformly applied in width 108 mm and length 390 mm in each SAP layer, 0.211 g of microfiber glue was used on the cover side of the core (top ), and 0.168 g on the side of the spray layer (bottom). The channels were formed using a suitable printing drum which delimited the shape of the channels, more information on how to form the channels can be found in EP order number EP12174117.7, using printed SAP technology.
[125] The core shell was 390mm long with two absorbent-free end flaps which were 15mm long on the back and front of the absorbent core. The anterior and posterior core seals were bonded by extrusion, with bonding slits with a length of 30 mm from the anterior end seal and 20 mm from the posterior end seal. The folded width of the core shell was 120 mm. The core shell comprised two nonwovens, the top substrate (16 in Figure 1, hereinafter referred to as "core cover") was a 10 g/m2 SMMS nonwoven treated with a surfactant to become hydrophilic. The bottom substrate (16’ in Figure 1, hereinafter referred to as the "spray layer") was an 11 g/m2 SMMS fabric. The core cover was cut to a length of 390 mm and a cut width of 165 mm. The spray layer had a cut length of 390 mm and a cut width of 130 mm. The core cover formed a C-wrap around the spray layer on the sides of the core and the side edges of the spray layer formed slightly above the edge of the core absorbent material so that the overall width of the folded core wrap was about 120 mm.
[126]The core cover and spray layer were welded via the channels. The solder was formed by the auxiliary and microfiber glues discussed above. The solder was strong.
[127] The capture-distribution system was formed by a non-woven capture layer consolidated with latex and 43 g/m2, with a length of 298 mm and width of 90 mm, and a distribution layer of cellulose fibers crosslinked with length of 248 mm and width of 80 mm, with uniform weight of 207 g/m2. The capture layer was glued to the distribution layer, and the distribution layer was glued to the non-woven core overlay using extrusion coating. The top layer was a 15 g/m2 non-woven, and the bottom layer was a 16 g/m2 impermeable film.
[128] The barriers were trade barriers similar to those shown in Figures 1 and 2 and comprised two nonwovens 15 g/m2, 478 mm long and 77 mm wide on each side of the diaper. The barriers were nailed at a distance of 100 mm from the anterior region and 91 mm from the posterior region of the diaper edges at a distance of 4 mm from the free edge. The nonwovens were fusion welded to the top layer along its length, with a continuous weld width of 3 mm across its entire weld line. A 1 mm wide slit was further applied along the continuous weld between the barrier material and the top layer. The distance between the continuous welds was 148 mm (distance corresponding to Wd). The sealing barriers (part of the non-raised barriers) were elasticized with three lines of elastic adhesives (ref. 33 in the Figures) on each side of the barriers, starting 75 mm from the front edge of the diaper and extending along a length of 266 mm by the two outermost rows and 301 mm by the innermost row. The raised protection barriers were elasticized with two rubber bands (ref. 35 in the Figures) both close to the terminal edge (ref. 66 in the Figures) of the protection barriers. The elastic had 300% pre-strain and contracted cut length of 119.5 mm. The length of the glued elastic was 298 mm. The various components of the diapers were assembled in a conventional manner, typically by gluing or fusion welding, unless otherwise indicated. Invention example 2:
[129] The diapers produced for the second example were similar to those of invention example 1. The body comprised two pairs of channels, a relatively long one in the portion between the thighs and a relatively smaller one towards the anterior portion of the article. The channels, as in example 1, were material free and the core casing was fixed to itself by means of the channels. The same materials were used in all invention examples, unless otherwise noted.
[130]The differences for example 1 concerned a rectangular SAP distribution area with a width of 110 mm and a length of 360 mm. The capture layer was 318 mm long and 90 mm wide. The distribution layer was shaped in the longitudinal direction, with greater weight towards the anterior regions and between the thighs than in the posterior region of the diaper. The weight of the distribution layer was 196.5 g/m2 in the first 247 mm of the anterior region and 120 g/m2 in the 41 mm of the posterior region, with a transition length of 10 mm, for a total length of 298 mm and one width of 80 mm. There was no auxiliary glue on the cover side of the core. The glue grammage for the front and rear end seals of the core shell was 15 g/m2 instead of the 20 g/m2 of Invention Example 1. Invention Example 3:
[131] This example was done in the same way as example 1, with the differences that the absorbent material distribution area (SAP) was rectangular, with a SAP deposition width equal to 110 mm, and comprised only one pair. of channels free of absorbent material in the region between the thighs of the absorbent article, as shown by way of example in Figures 4 and 5. The channels were symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis 80, had a projected length therein of about 227 mm, a width of about 8 mm and a shorter distance between them of 20 mm. Another difference from the example was that there was no auxiliary glue between the SAP layer and the substrate in the spray layer, and the spray layer was a 10 g/m2 non-woven fabric. The distribution layer was 298 mm long and 80 mm wide, with a homogeneous weight of 176 g/m2. In the previous examples, the core cover formed a C-wrap around the spray layer, and the two layers were permanently joined by means of channels.Previous Products
[132]A number of commercially available products were also tested, all in size 4 unless otherwise noted.
[133]Example 4 was the Pampers® Baby-Dry diaper, commercially available in Germany. The absorbent core in this product is made from a blend of cellulose pulp and SAP. This product comprises a two-layer capture-distribution system similar to that used in the examples of the invention.
[134]Example 5 was a commercially available Pampers® Active Fit diaper in Germany. The absorbent core in this product does not comprise cellulose pulp, the absorbent material essentially comprises SAP. This product also comprises a two-layer capture-distribution system similar to that used in the examples of the invention.
[135]Example 6 was a diaper commercially available in Sweden under the trade name Libero®, manufactured by SCA. The diaper comprises a cellulose pulp/SAP core blended with two material-free channels in the region between the core thighs.
[136]Example 7 was a diaper commercially available in Germany from the dealer Lidl® under the trade name Toujours. The absorbent core of this product is essentially free of cellulose pulp. Although there is no desire to limit itself to theory, it is believed that this product is made in accordance with the teachings of WO 2012/048879 (Van De Maele).
[137]Example 8 was a size M adult incontinence underwear commercially available in Japan from the Unicharm company. This product has a cellulose-free absorbent core comprising relatively large pockets of SAP separated by transversely extended glue welds. Although there is no desire to be limited to this assessment, the structure appears similar to those described in Unicharm WO2012/101934 A1 and WO2012/102034 A1. Test results
[138]For five samples of each of the above products, the reduction in width and load were measured as indicated in the test method described above to determine the RCWR of the products. The average results are gathered below:

Discussion
[139] Without sticking to theory, it is believed that the following features can provide, alone or in combination, an increase in RCWR over an absorbent article that does not have one or more of the following features. None of these remedies should be considered limited by the scope of the claims, unless specifically claimed. 1) The upper side of the core shell, which contacts the upper side of the absorbent material, and the lower portion of the core shell, which contacts the underside of the absorbent material, can be advantageously welded, at least partly to each other along the channels. These welds can be continuous or intermittent, and can be made by gluing and/or heat welding, and can advantageously be strong enough to resist delamination after being loaded with liquids ("permanent channels"), as discussed above. By containing the core shell in the channels, these welds increase the deformation of the core shell and can reduce the width of the core after loading. 2) The core shell can comprise a first layer and a second layer, both of which typically made of a non-woven fabric, the first layer forming a C-wrap around the second layer at least along the longitudinal edges of the core. The first layer may be the layer forming the upper side of the core shell, and the second layer may be the layer forming the underside of the core shell. Typically, the layers are welded, for example, by gluing the folded ends of the first layer to the underside of the second layer. The inventors believe that a C-wrap, especially along all longitudinal sides of the absorbent core, or part thereof, can better prevent the absorbent material from expanding towards the sides of the article, thus providing further expansion. of the absorbent material in the vertical direction and providing greater contraction of the width of the article at the point between the thighs as the layers of the absorbent article contract to follow this expansion. 3) Relatively inelastic materials can be used for the core shell, a as they will provide more containment than relatively more elastic materials and thus will follow the vertical expansion (thickness direction) of the absorbent material by reducing the width of the absorbent core. 4) A relatively greater amount of SAP material in the absorbent core material will provide an expansion of the core when charged relatively greater than that of a core comprising a larger amount. r of superabsorbent material such as cellulose pulp. It may be advantageous to have a higher SAP grammage in the region between the thighs of the article.5) The core can be joined directly or indirectly to the lower layer to provide a greater reduction in the width of the article, since the lower layer follows the contraction of the core as the core is loaded.
[140]The factors listed above were identified by the inventors as possible resources that can be used alone or in combination to increase the RCWR of an absorbent article. They should not be viewed as limiting the scope of the claims, unless otherwise expressly stated in the claims, but may serve as guidelines for those skilled in the art to design an absorbent article that provides the claimed RCWR. The relative reduction in the width of the region between the thighs at the point between the thighs can advantageously vary from 32 mm/kg to 150 mm/kg, in particular from 35 mm/kg to 100 mm/kg.
[141] The dimensions and values presented in the present invention are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values mentioned. Instead, except where otherwise specified, each of these dimensions is intended to mean both the stated value and a range of functionally equivalent values around that value. For example, a dimension displayed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm".

权利要求:
Claims (14)
[0001]
1. An absorbent article (20) for personal hygiene, such as a conventional or training diaper, wherein the absorbent article has a leading edge (10) and a trailing edge (12), a longitudinal axis (80) extending across a longitudinal direction of the article, where the article has a length L, measured along the longitudinal geometric axis, from the front edge to the posterior edge, a point between the thighs (C), defined as the point located at a distance of two fifths of L of the leading edge of the article on the longitudinal axis, the absorbent article comprising: - a liquid permeable topsheet (24), - a liquid impervious backsheet (25), - a pair of protective barriers (34 ) which extend at least partially between the front edge and the rear edge of the diaper on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis and are present at least in the longitudinal position of the point between the thighs (C), each protective barrier being delimited by a a proximal edge (64) directly or indirectly joined to the topsheet and/or the backsheet and a free end edge (66), - an absorbent core (28) between the topsheet and a backsheet and comprising a core shell which comprises two substrates (16, 16') secured together and surrounding an absorbent material (60), wherein the absorbent material comprises at least 80% of the superabsorbent polymers (SAP) by weight of the absorbent material, wherein the absorbent core comprises of 5g to 10 of the superabsorbent polymers;- wherein the absorbent core comprises at least one pair of channels (26, 26') oriented at least partially in the longitudinal direction of the article, characterized in that the core shell comprises an upper side and a side inferiorly connected together through at least one of the portions of the channels, and wherein the article has a relative reduction in the width of the region between the thighs (RCWR) of at least 32 mm/kg to 150 mm/kg, where the RCWR is calculated accordingly with the formula:
[0002]
2. Absorbent article, according to claim 1, characterized in that the RCWR is from 35 mm/kg to 100 mm/kg.
[0003]
3. Absorbent article, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channels of the pair of channels (26, 26') are arranged symmetrically in relation to the longitudinal axis.
[0004]
4. Absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one channel has a length projected on the longitudinal geometric axis (80) of the article that is at least 10% of the length L of the absorbent article and/ or the width of the channel is, at least in part of the channel, at least 2 mm.
[0005]
5. Absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core shell comprises a first non-woven (16) and a second non-woven (16'), and the first non-woven forms a shell in C around the second nonwoven.
[0006]
6. Absorbent article, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a capture-distribution system (50) which may comprise one or more layers (52, 54) and which is at least partially disposed between the absorbent core and the top layer.
[0007]
7. Absorbent article according to claim 6, characterized in that the capture-distribution system comprises at least one layer (54) comprising at least 50% by weight of crosslinked cellulose fibers.
[0008]
8. Absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the periphery of the absorbent material within the core shell defines an absorbent material deposition area (8), and the absorbent material deposition area it is rectangular or shaped with a width at the point between the thighs narrower than the maximum width of the deposition area of the absorbent material.
[0009]
9. Absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorbent core comprises a first absorbent layer and a second absorbent layer, wherein the first absorbent layer comprises a first substrate (16) and a first layer of superabsorbent polymers (61), the second absorbent layer comprises a second substrate (16') and a second layer of superabsorbent polymers (62), and a thermoplastic and fibrous adhesive material (51) at least partially joining the layers of superabsorbent polymers to their respective substrates, wherein the first and second substrates form the core shell.
[0010]
10. Absorbent core according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorbent material (60) of the absorbent core comprises at least 90% by weight of superabsorbent polymers in total weight of the absorbent material.
[0011]
11. Absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorbent material (60) of the absorbent core comprises less than 10% by weight or less than 5% by weight or is exempt, of natural or synthetic fibers.
[0012]
12. Absorbent article, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grammage of the superabsorbent polymers is not homogeneously distributed along the longitudinal axis of the core in the distribution area of the superabsorbent polymers (8).
[0013]
13. Absorbent article, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorbent core comprises from 10 g to 50 g of superabsorbent polymers.
[0014]
14. Absorbent article, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gauge of the article, measured at the point between the thighs according to the gauge test described in this application, is from 5 mm to 12 mm.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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EP2740449A1|2014-06-11|

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JP6490590B2|2019-03-27|

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US20150073366A1|2015-03-12|

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US20140163501A1|2014-06-12|

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CN104837453B|2017-11-03|

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US10966885B2|2021-04-06|

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CN104837453A|2015-08-12|

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RU2624712C2|2017-07-05|

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EP2740449B1|2019-01-23|

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DE202013012613U1|2017-12-06|

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DE112013005895T5|2015-10-29|

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CA2894521A1|2014-06-19|

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JP2016502870A|2016-02-01|

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DE202013012615U1|2017-12-06|

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US20210177670A1|2021-06-17|

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US9375358B2|2016-06-28|

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PL2740449T3|2019-07-31|

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CN107550645A|2018-01-09|

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RU2015120709A|2017-01-12|

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法律状态:
2018-11-21| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-11-12| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2021-06-01| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-08-03| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 10/12/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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EP12196341.7A|EP2740449B1|2012-12-10|2012-12-10|Absorbent article with high absorbent material content|

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EP12196341.7|2012-12-10|

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