• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    GLASSES HAVING ELECTRICALLY SWITCHING OPTICAL PROPERTIES The current invention relates to a glazing having electrically switchable optical properties, comprising at least: -an external glazing (1), and -a switchable functional element (4) whose area is connected by at least a thermoplastic film (12) in the outer pane (1), where the thermoplastic film (12) contains at least one luminescent material (3).
    公开号:BR112015012261B1
    申请号:R112015012261-2
    申请日:2013-11-12
    公开日:2021-03-09
    发明作者:Julius MENNIG
    申请人:Saint-Gobain Glass France；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to a glazing having electrically switchable optical properties, and to the use of a thermoplastic film having a luminescent material in such a glazing.
    [0002] Glazing is known, specially composed, having electrically switchable functional elements. The optical properties of the functional elements can be altered by an applied voltage. The electrochromic functional elements, which are known, for example, from US 20120026573A1 and WO 2012007334A1, are an example of this. Functional elements (suspended particle device), which are known, for example, from EP 0876608 B1 and WO 2011033313 A1, are another example. The transmittance of visible light through electrochromic elements or SPD can be controlled by the applied voltage. Glazing having such functional elements can therefore be darkened conveniently electrically.
    [0003] Many switchable functional elements have limited long-term stability. This is especially true for functional elements in external glazing, for example, in building facades or in the motor vehicle segment, where the functional elements are exposed to solar radiation. The ultraviolet portion of the spectrum, as well as the short wavelength portion of the visible range of solar radiation, especially radiation with a wavelength less than approximately 410 nm, result in the aging of the functional elements. Aging can be expressed, for example, in non-aesthetic color loss or color change in the functional elements, which can be homogeneous or even non-homogeneous. Aging, however, can also result in a degradation in the functionality of the switchable functional element, especially in a reduced contrast between the states of change.
    [0004] An obvious option for the protection of the switchable functional element against UV radiation and short-wavelength visible radiation is the incorporation of a UV blocker or a UV absorber into the pane, for example, as a coating or embedded in a polymeric film. Such a solution is known, for example, from WO 2012/154663 A1. UV blockers filter out ultraviolet radiation as well as radiation from the short wavelength visible range of solar radiation. Therefore, the functional element is certainly protected against aging; however, a clear change of color is produced in the light that passes through the window pane, to yellow. Such a color change is not aesthetic, and especially it is typically not accepted by car manufacturers. In addition, such UV blockers reduce the transmittance of visible light through the glass.
    [0005] The purpose of the current invention is to present a glazing having electrically switchable optical properties that have a switchable functional element protection against radiation in the UV range and in the short-wave visible range. The glass pane must have a high transmittance in the visible spectrum range and a low color change in the light that passes through it.
    [0006] The purpose of the current invention is achieved according to the invention by a glazing having electrically switchable optical properties according to independent claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
    [0007] The glazing according to the invention having electrically switchable optical properties contains at least the following characteristics: an external panel, and a switchable functional element, the area of which is connected to the external panel through at least a thermoplastic film, where the film thermoplastic contains at least one luminescent material.
    [0008] The glazing according to the invention (or the arrangement of the glazing) is preferably intended, in an opening, for example, of a motor vehicle or a building, to separate the interior from the external environment. In the context of the invention, the external panel, in the installed position, faces the external environment. The optional functional element is placed on the inner side of the outer panel. This means that the external panel is installed between the external environment and the switchable functional element. In principle, the glazing according to the invention, of course, can also be used inside a building, especially when protection against UV radiation is needed in that location. The outer panel is then placed between the source of UV radiation and the functional element.
    [0009] In the context of the invention, the term "a glazing having electrically switchable optical properties" refers not only to a glazing whose optical properties, for example, the visible light transmittance, can be changed between two different states, for example , an opaque state and a transparent state. It also includes those panes whose optical properties are continuously adjustable.
    [0010] The glazing according to the invention includes at least one thermoplastic film, which contains at least one luminescent material. The thermoplastic film with the luminescent material, according to the invention, is placed at least between the outer panel and the switchable functional element. The thermoplastic film can include other regions that are not placed between the outer panel and the functional element. Thermoplastic film, for example, can project beyond the functional element.
    [0011] The sunlight that passes through the glass, coming from the external environment, first reaches the thermoplastic film with the luminescent material and then the functional element. Typical thermoplastic films are not transparent to ultraviolet radiation below a specific wavelength limit, which depends on the thermoplastic material. As a consequence, this part of the UV portion of the solar radiation does not reach the functional element and cannot lead to aging. UV radiation above the limit wavelength, as well as portions of short wavelengths in the visible spectrum range, is absorbed by the luminescent material, and as a consequence, likewise does not lead to the aging of the functional element (or can do so) only for a significantly reduced time). In the context of the invention, the term "short wavelength portions of the visible range" means, in particular, radiation less than or equal to 410 nm. It has been found that protection of the functional element against radiation, especially in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 410 nm, leads to significantly reduced aging of the functional element.
    [0012] Unlike conventional UV blockers, however, radiation energy is not simply filtered out of solar radiation. Instead, the luminescent material produces a portion of the radiation energy that is dispersed as luminescent radiation that has a longer wavelength than the absorbed radiation. On the one hand, compared to conventional UV blockers, less color change is obtained from the light that passes through the glass pane. On the other hand, a higher transmittance of visible light is obtained. These are the main advantages of the current invention.
    [0013] The electrically switchable functional element includes at least one active layer, which has switchable optical properties. The active layer is placed between an external electrode and an internal transparent flat electrode. The outer flat electrode faces the outer panel and the inner flat electrode faces the other side of the outer panel. The flat electrodes and the active layer are typically placed in parallel with the surfaces of the outer panel. The external electrodes are electrically connected to an external power source in a way known to itself. The electrical contact is made through connection cables, for example, film conductors, which are optionally connected to the flat electrodes through so-called busbars, for example, strips of electrically conductive material or electrically conductive circuits.
    [0014] The switchable functional element, preferably the active layer of the switchable functional element, contains, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one organic material, for example, an organic matrix. Such active layers are especially susceptible to aging as a result of UV radiation. By means of the thermoplastic film according to the invention with the luminescent material, such functional elements are especially effectively protected against aging.
    The thermoplastic film according to the invention contains at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and / or polyvinyl butyral (PVB), especially preferably polyvinyl butyral. Such thermoplastic films have low transparency in the UV range and are well suited for incorporating luminescent materials. The thermoplastic film, however, can also contain, for example, at least polyurethane, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, foundry resins, acrylates, ethylene fluorinated propylene. , polyvinyl fluoride, and / or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene.
    [0016] The thickness of the thermoplastic film is preferably 0.2 mm to 2 mm, especially preferably 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example, 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm. This is especially advantageous with regard to the low thickness of the window, a stable connection between the outer panel and the functional element, and protection against UV radiation and visible light of short wavelength. In the context of the invention, the term "luminescent material" includes, in particular, luminescent pigments and luminescent dyes. The luminescent material can be implemented, for example, as organic and / or inorganic luminescent compounds, ions, aggregates, and / or molecules.
    [0017] The luminescent material preferably has a maximum local excitation in the range of 350 nm to 450 nm, especially preferably 380 nm to 420 nm. The radiation in the UV range and in the visible range of short wavelength is therefore particularly advantageously absorbed.
    [0018] The luminescent material, preferably, has a maximum emission in the range of 410 nm to 600 nm, and especially preferably, 430 nm to 500 nm. This is especially advantageous with respect to a small color change in the light that passes through the glass.
    [0019] The luminescent material preferably contains a hydroxyalkyl terephthalate with the formula: R1-COO-Ph (OH) x-COO-R2, where R1, R2 are alkyl or allyl radicals having 1 to 10 C, Ph atoms is a phenyl ring, OH is a hydroxyl group attached to the phenyl ring, ex is an integer from 1 to 4. The general structural formula is:

    [0020] Such luminescent materials have particularly advantageous absorption and emission properties, are permanently stable, and can be quickly incorporated into the thermoplastic film.
    [0021] The luminescent material preferably contains diethyl 2,5-dihydroxy terephthalate. The structural formula is:

    [0022] Especially good results are obtained with the same results.
    [0023] The luminescent pigment, however, can also contain benzopyranes, naphthopyranes, 2H-naphthopyranes, 3H-naphthopyranes, 2H-phenanthropyranes, 3H-phenanthropiranes, photochromic resins, coumarins, xanthines, naphthalic acid derivatives, oxazoles, styrenes, styrenes, styrenes , perylenes, naphthalimides, naphthals, phenyls, xanthenes, lanthanides, preferably Y2O3: Eu, YVO4: Tm, Y2O2S: Pr, Gd2O2S: Tb, and / or mixtures thereof.
    [0024] The luminescent material is preferably incorporated into the thermoplastic film. The average concentration of the luminescent material in the thermoplastic film is preferably 0.1 kg / m3 to 20 kg / m3, especially preferably 1 kg / m3 to 7 kg / m3. In this range for the concentration of the luminescent material, especially effective protection of the functional element against aging is obtained.
    [0025] The luminescent material is preferably evenly distributed over the entire area of the thermoplastic film.
    [0026] The thermoplastic film preferably does not contain any UV blockers. In the context of the invention, the term "UV blocker" means a material that absorbs radiation in the UV range and / or in the visible range of short wavelength and releases the absorbed radiation energy in a non-irradiated manner, especially through thermal relaxation. A thermoplastic film without UV blockers has the special advantage of having high transmittance in the visible spectrum range and a small color change in the light that passes through the glass.
    [0027] It is clear that the glazing according to the invention can also contain more than one thermoplastic film with the luminescent material.
    [0028] In an embodiment of the invention, the switchable functional element is contained in a multilayered film having electrically switchable optical properties. The multilayered film contains the switchable functional element whose area is contained between a first and a second supporting film. The multilayer film contains, in the order indicated, at least one support film, a flat electrode, an active layer, another flat electrode, and another support film. A support film is connected to the external panel at least through a thermoplastic film, with the thermoplastic film containing at least one luminescent material. The advantage lies in the simple production of the glazing. The support film advantageously protects the functional element from damage, especially corrosion.
    [0029] The support films preferably contain at least one thermoplastic polymer, especially preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This is especially advantageous with respect to the stability of the multilayer film. Supporting films, however, can also contain, for example, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and / or polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, resin resins smelting, acrylates, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride, and / or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene. The thickness of each support film is preferably 0.1 mm to 1 mm, especially preferably 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. The total thickness of the glazing, only not substantially, is increased by a support film with such a low thickness.
    [0030] In one embodiment of the invention, the glazing is a composite glazing made up of an external panel and an internal panel and the functional element having electrically switchable optical properties installed between the external panel and the internal panel. The term "inner panel" refers to the panel that faces inwards in the installed position.
    [0031] When the glazing according to the invention is a composite glazing, in one embodiment, the switchable functional element is applied on the inner side surface of the inner panel. The term "inner side surface" refers to that surface of the inner panel that faces the outer panel.
    [0032] When the glazing according to the invention is a composite glazing, in one embodiment, the switchable functional element is provided as a multilayer film having electrically switchable optical properties. The multilayer film contains the switchable functional element whose area is placed between a first and a second supporting film. One support film is attached to the outer panel at least via a first thermoplastic film and the other support film is attached to the inner panel via at least a second thermoplastic film. At least the first thermoplastic film contains the luminescent material. The second thermoplastic film, in principle, can likewise contain luminescent material. Preferably, the second thermoplastic film does not contain any luminescent material. This is advantageous in relation to the economical production of the composite glazing. The advantage lies in the simple production of the composite glazing. The multilayered film having electrically switchable optical properties during production can simply be inserted into the composition, which is then laminated to form the composite glazing using conventional methods. The functional element is advantageously protected against damage, especially corrosion, by the supporting films, and can be prepared before the production of the composite glazing, even in relatively large quantities, which may be desirable for reasons of economic and technical processing.
    [0033] The film with multiple layers having electrically switchable optical properties, in an advantageous mode, has a sealing at the edge. The sealing at the edge prevents the diffusion of chemical components from the thermoplastic films, for example, plasticizers, into the active layer. Therefore, the aging of the switchable functional element is reduced. Edge sealing is implemented, for example, as a film or sheet containing polyimide, which is applied circumferentially around the lateral edges of the multilayered film.
    [0034] The functional element, in principle, can be any electrically switchable functional element that is known to itself and to the person skilled in the art. The invention, of course, is advantageous, especially in conjunction with other functional elements that age under irradiation with UV radiation and / or radiation in the short wavelength visible range, especially functional elements that contain organic materials.
    [0035] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the active layer of the functional element is an electrochemically active layer. Such functional elements are known as electrochromic functional elements. The transmittance of visible light depends on the level of ion storage in the active layer, with the ions being supplied, for example, by an ion storage layer between an active layer and a flat electrode. Transmittance can be controlled by the voltage applied to the flat electrodes, which causes migration of the ions. Suitable functional layers contain, for example, at least tungsten oxide or vanadium oxide. Electrochromic functional elements are known, for example, from WO 2012007334 A1, US 20120026573 A1, WO 2010147494 A1, and EP 1862849 A1.
    [0036] In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the active layer of the functional element contains liquid crystals, which are, for example, incorporated in a polymeric matrix. Such functional elements are known as PDLC functional elements (liquid crystal dispersed in polymer). When no voltage is applied to the flat electrodes, the liquid crystals are oriented in a disordered manner, which results in a strong scattering of light that passes through the active layer. When a voltage is applied to the flat electrodes, the liquid crystals align themselves in a common direction and the transmittance of light through the active layer is increased. Such a functional element, for example, is known from DE 10208026339 A1.
    [0037] In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the functional element is an electroluminescent functional element. The active layer contains electroluminescent materials, which can be inorganic or organic (OLEDs). The luminescence of the active layer is excited by applying a voltage to the flat electrodes. Such functional elements are known, for example, from US 2004227462 A1 and WO 2010112789 A2. In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the active layer of the functional element contains particles in suspension, with the absorption of light by the active layer being variable by applying a voltage to the flat electrodes. Such functional elements are known as SPD (suspended particle device) functional elements, for example, from EP 0876608 B1 and WO 2011033313 A1.
    [0038] The functional element, of course, may have, in addition to the active layer and the flat electrodes, other layers known for themselves, for example, barrier layers, blocking layers, anti-reflective layers, protective layers and / or layers softening.
    [0039] The area of the functional element may correspond to the area of the glass pane. In that case, an advantageous uniform darkening of the glazing can be achieved by means of a switchable functional element. The glazing, alternatively, can also have a circumferential edge region with a width, for example, from 2 mm to 20 mm, which is not provided with the functional element, especially when this region for the edge is hidden by the fasteners, frame or print. In particular, when the glazing is placed as a composite glazing, the switchable functional element is advantageously protected against corrosion within the intermediate layer.
    [0040] The internal and / or external flat electrodes are preferably designed with electrically conductive, transparent layers. Flat electrodes preferably contain at least one metal, a metal alloy, or a transparent conductive oxide (TCO). Flat electrodes may contain, for example, silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, indium and tin oxide (ITO), gallium or aluminum-doped zinc oxide and / or fluorine-doped tin oxide or doped by antimony. The flat electrodes preferably have a thickness of 10 nm to 2 μm, especially preferably from 20 nm to 1 μm, more especially, preferably, 30 nm to 500 nm.
    [0041] The outer panel and / or optionally the inner panel preferably contains glass that has not been previously drawn, partially drawn, or pre-drawn, especially preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, boron glass silicate, soda glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, especially polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, and / or mixtures thereof. The outer panel and / or the inner panel can be clear and transparent, and, for example, have a transmittance in the visible spectrum range of at least 70%, preferably at least 85%. The outer panel and / or the inner panel, however, can also be painted or colored and have, for example, a transmittance in the visible spectrum range of 20% to 70%.
    [0042] The thickness of the outer panel, and optionally, the inner panel, can vary widely and, therefore, be adapted to the requirements of the individual case. The outer panel and / or the inner panel, preferably, have thicknesses from 0.5 mm to 15 mm, and especially, preferably, 1 mm to 5 mm, and more especially, preferably, 1.5 mm to 3 mm, for example, 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm, or 2.1 mm.
    [0043] The surface area of the glazing according to the invention can vary widely, for example, from 100 cm2 to 20 m2. Preferably, the glazing has a surface area of 400 cm2 to 6 m2, as is customary for motor vehicle glazing and structural and architectural glazing. The pane can have any shape in three dimensions. The pane is preferably flat or slightly or very curved in one or several spatial directions.
    [0044] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a barrier film is placed on the surface of the thermoplastic film with the luminescent material facing outwards from the outer panel. The barrier film advantageously prevents the diffusion of the luminescent material into the other films of the glazing. The barrier film preferably contains at least one polymer, which, at the temperatures that occur during the production and processing of the glazing, does not become soft enough to allow diffusion of the luminescent material. The barrier film can contain, for example, at least PET.
    [0045] In an advantageous mode, an infrared protection layer is placed between the switchable functional element and the external panel. Therefore, the functional element is protected against components of infrared radiation from sunlight that can cause aging. The infrared protective layer can be applied, for example, as a coating on the outer panel or on a polymeric film.
    [0046] The outer panel, the inner panel, and / or the films of the intermediate layer may have other suitable coatings, known for themselves, such as, for example, anti-reflective coating, non-stick coatings, scratch-resistant coatings, photocatalytic coatings, or thermal radiation reflection coatings (low E coatings).
    [0047] The transmittance of the thermoplastic film according to the invention with the luminescent material in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 410 nm is preferably less than or equal to 10%.
    [0048] The glazing according to the invention preferably has a value of TUV [ultraviolet transmittance] according to ISO 13837 (AM 1.5) less than or equal to 1%.
    [0049] The objective of the invention is further achieved by a method for the production of a glazing having electrically switchable optical properties, where at least: a) at least one luminescent material is applied on, or incorporated within a thermoplastic film, b) at least one outer panel, the thermoplastic film, and a switchable functional element, are placed on top of each other in this order, and c) the functional element is connected to the external panel via the thermoplastic film.
    [0050] In the process step (a), the luminescent material can be applied with a solvent on the thermoplastic film, for example, by spraying, screen printing, offset printing, inkjet printing, and / or flexographic printing. The solvent preferably contains alcohols, ketones, esters, amines, amides, and / or mixtures thereof. The especially preferred solvent contains ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, and / or benzyl alcohol. Most of the solvent is lost to evaporation after application of the luminescent material. The amount of luminescent material applied is determined by the thickness of the thermoplastic film. Preferably, 0.1 g / m2 to 15 g / m2 of luminescent material are applied to the thermoplastic film, when the thermoplastic film has a thickness of 0.76 mm, and especially preferably 1 g / m2 to 5 g / m2. When laminating the thermoplastic film between the outer and inner panels, the luminescent material is preferably distributed evenly in the thermoplastic film. The lamination is preferably carried out at temperatures of 120 ° C to 170 ° C, pressure from 10 bar to 15 bar (1.0 MPa to 1.5 MPa), over a period of 30 minutes to 240 minutes.
    [0051] However, the luminescent material can already be mixed with the initial thermoplastic material before the production of the thermoplastic film. The luminescent material is then extruded together with the starting thermoplastic material to form the thermoplastic film according to the invention and incorporated into the thermoplastic film in this way.
    [0052] In the process step (b), the functional element can be applied, for example, on an internal panel. At least the inner panel, the thermoplastic film and the outer panel are then placed on top of each other in the order indicated, with the surface of the inner panel containing the functional element facing the thermoplastic film.
    [0053] Alternatively, the functional element can be provided, for example, as a multilayer film having electrically switchable optical properties, with the actual functional element placed between a first and a second supporting film. The thermoplastic film can be placed on the outer panel; and the multilayer film can be placed on the thermoplastic film. If it is intended to produce a composite glazing, at least the outer panel, a first thermoplastic film, the multilayer film having switchable optical properties, a second thermoplastic film, and an inner panel, are placed on top of each other in the order indicated. According to the invention, the first thermoplastic film contains the luminescent material. The second thermoplastic film may or may not contain a luminescent material.
    [0054] The electrical contact of the flat electrodes of the switchable functional element is preferably made before the connection of the external panel and the functional element to form the glazing according to the invention.
    [0055] Process step (c) is preferably done under the action of heat, vacuum and / or pressure. Methods known per se can be used for lamination, for example, autoclave use methods, vacuum bag methods, vacuum ring methods, calendering methods, vacuum laminators, or combinations thereof.
    [0056] The glazing according to the invention is preferably used in buildings, especially in the entrance area or in the window area or in means of transport for internal travel, in the air, or over water, especially in trains, ships , and motor vehicles, for example, such as a rear window, a side window, and / or a roof panel.
    [0057] The glazing according to the invention can be connected to another glazing to form an insulating glazing unit.
    [0058] The invention also includes the use of a thermoplastic film that contains at least one luminescent material in a pane having electrically switchable optical properties for the protection of a switchable functional element against UV radiation and radiation in the visible wavelength range. short, especially in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 410 nm.
    [0059] The invention is explained in detail with reference to the drawings and example modalities. The drawings are schematic representations and are not to scale. The drawings in no way restrict the invention. They detail: Fig. 1: section in section through a first modality of the glazing according to the invention, having electrically switchable optical properties, Fig. 2: section in section through another modality of the glazing according to the invention, Fig. 3 : cross section through another type of glazing according to the invention, Fig. 4: cross section through another type of glazing according to the invention, Fig. 5: aging of switchable functional elements without and with protection against UV radiation and short wavelength radiation of the visible range relative to a diagram, Fig. 6: the transmittance of prior art thermoplastic films according to the invention in relation to a diagram, and Fig. 7: an example of the method according to the invention in relation to a flow chart.
    [0060] Figure 1 details a section in section through a glazing modality according to the invention, having electrically switchable optical properties. The pane includes an outer panel 1 and is intended to be a window pane, for example, a store pane. The outer panel is made of soda glass.
    [0061] The pane also includes a switchable functional element 4. Functional element 4 contains an active layer 5 between an external flat electrode 6 and an internal flat electrode 7. Flat electrodes 6, 7 are connected to an external energy supply via a bus (not shown) and connection cables (not shown). Functional element 4 was produced at the time of production of the composite pane as a multilayer film 8 having electrically switchable optical properties. The multilayer film 8 includes functional element 4 between a first support film 9 and a second support film 10. Support films 9,10 are made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and have a thickness of 0.125 mm. The functional element, for example, is an electrochromic functional element or an SPD functional element.
    [0062] The first support film 9 is connected to the external panel through a thermoplastic film 12 made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The functional element 4 is placed on the inner side of the outer panel 1. This means that, in the installed position, the outer panel 1 is facing the external environment and the multilayered film 8 is turned towards the interior of the building. A luminescent material 3 with a concentration of approximately 3.9 kg / m3 is incorporated in the thermoplastic film 12. The luminescent material 3 is diethyl-2,5-dihydroxy terephthalate.
    [0063] Figure 2 details a section in section through a glazing modality according to the invention, having electrically switchable optical properties. The pane is a composite pane. The composite pane includes an outer panel 1, which is connected to an inner panel 2 through an intermediate layer 11. The composite pane is produced as a component of a building's window pane and is placed in the installed position, so that the external panel 1 is facing the external environment and the internal panel 2 is facing the interior of the building. The outer panel 1 and the inner panel 2 are made of vellum glass and have thicknesses, for example, of 1.6 mm.
    [0064] A switchable functional element 4 is incorporated in the intermediate layer 11. Functional element 4, for example, is a PDLC functional element with an active layer 5 between the outer flat electrode 6 and the inner flat electrode 7. Alternatively, the element functional 4 can be, for example, an SPD functional element. Functional element 4 is placed on the surface of the inner panel 2 facing the outer panel 1, with a circumferential edge region of the inner panel 2 not provided with the functional element 4. The flat electrodes 6, 7 are connected to an external supply through a bus (not shown) and connecting cables (not shown). The flat electrodes 6, 7 are made of indium and tin oxide (ITO) and have a thickness of approximately 100 nm. The active layer 5 contains liquid crystals which are incorporated into a polymeric matrix. When a voltage is applied to the flat electrodes 6, 7, the liquid crystals align themselves in a common direction and the scattering of light over the liquid crystals is reduced. The optical properties of the active layer 5, as a consequence, are electrically switchable.
    [0065] The intermediate layer 11 is formed by a thermoplastic film 12. The thermoplastic film 12 is made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) into which a luminescent material is incorporated 3. The thermoplastic film 12 has a thickness, for example, of 0 , 76 mm. The luminescent material 3 is diethyl-2,5-dihydroxy terephthalate. The luminescent material 3 has, in the thermoplastic film 12, a concentration of approximately 3.9 kg / m3.
    [0066] In the edge region not provided with the functional element 4, the inner panel 2 is connected directly to the outer panel 1 through the thermoplastic film 12. The functional element is thus advantageously protected against corrosion inside the intermediate layer 11.
    [0067] Figure 3 details a section in section through another modality of the glazing according to the invention, having electrically switchable optical properties. The pane is a composite pane. The composite glazing comprises an outer panel 1 which is connected through an intermediate layer 11 to an inner panel 2. The composite glazing is produced as a motor vehicle roof panel and placed in the prepared installation in such a way that the outer panel 1 is facing the outside and the inside panel 2 faces towards the inside of the vehicle. The outer panel 1 and the inner panel 2 are made of soda glass and are 2.1 mm thick.
    [0068] A switchable functional element 4 is incorporated in the intermediate layer 11. Functional element 4 is an SPD functional element with an active layer 5 between an outer flat electrode 6 and an inner flat electrode 7. The flat electrodes 6, 7 are connected to an external power supply via a bus (not shown) and connecting cables (not shown). The flat electrodes 6, 7 are made of tin and indium oxide (ITO) and have a thickness, for example, of approximately 50 nm. The active layer 5 contains polarized particles suspended in a resin. As a function of the voltage applied to the flat electrodes 6, 7, the suspended particles align themselves along a common spatial direction. Through the alignment of the particles, the absorption of visible light is reduced. The transmittance of visible light through the composite glazing, as a consequence, can be conveniently controlled electrically.
    [0069] Functional element 4 was produced at the time of the production of the composite glazing, like a film with multiple layers 8 having electrically switchable optical properties. The multilayer film 8 includes functional element 4 between a first support film 9 and a second support film 10. Support films 9, 10 are made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and have a thickness of 0.125 mm.
    [0070] The multilayer film 8 is connected to the outer panel 1 through a first thermoplastic film 12 and through a second thermoplastic film 13 to the inner panel 2. The first thermoplastic film 12 is made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and has a thickness of 0.76 mm. The second thermoplastic film 13 is made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and has a thickness of 0.38 mm. The intermediate layer 11 therefore comprises the first thermoplastic film 12, the multilayer film 8 (with the first support film 9, the outer flat electrode 6, the active layer 5, the inner flat electrode 9, and the second film support 10), and the second thermoplastic film 13.
    [0071] A luminescent material 3 is incorporated in the first thermoplastic film 12. The thermoplastic film 12 has a thickness, for example, of 0.76 mm. The luminescent material 3 is diethyl-2,5-dihydroxy terephthalate. The luminescent material 3 has, in the thermoplastic film 12, a concentration of approximately 3.9 kg / m3. Through the luminescent material 3, the transmittance of the thermoplastic film 12 in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 410 nm is less than 10%.
    [0072] The radiation components of sunlight that pass through the composite pane in the UV range and in the visible range of short wavelength, especially the radiation components with wavelengths less than approximately 410 nm, are absorbed by the film Thermoplastic 12. As a result, these radiation components cannot cause aging of functional element 4 and therefore the long-term stability of functional element 4 is advantageously increased. The radiation energy absorbed by the luminescent material 3 is emitted again with a longer wavelength. In comparison with the use of UV blockers of the prior art, this reduces the color change of the light that passes through the composite pane and increases the transmittance of the composite pane. The fact that the improved protection of functional element 4 against aging is provided by the thermoplastic film 12 with the luminescent material was unexpected and surprising by the person skilled in the art.
    [0073] Figure 4 details a section in section through another modality of the glazing according to the invention having electrically switchable optical properties. The pane is a composite pane. The outer panel 1, the inner panel 2, the first thermoplastic film12, the second thermoplastic film 13, and the multilayer film 8 are configured according to figure 3. The multilayer film 8 has a smaller surface area than the panel outer 1 and the inner panel 2, with a circumferential edge region of the composite glazing not supplied with the multilayer film 8, when viewed through it. Therefore, the multilayered film 8 does not extend to the side edges of the composite glass. As a consequence, the multilayered film 8 has no contact with the surrounding atmosphere and is advantageously protected against corrosion in the region of the lateral edges by the films of the intermediate layer 11. The multilayered film 8 is also supplied with a sealing of the circumferential edge 15. The sealing of edge 15 is implemented as a polyimide film, which extends circumferentially around the lateral edges of the multilayered film 8 and extends, starting from the lateral edges, a few millimeters beyond the surface of the supporting films. 9, 10 and is turned away from the active layer 5. The sealing of the edges prevents the diffusion of plasticizers and other adhesive components of the thermoplastic films 12, 13 into the active layer 5, by which the aging of the functional element 4 is reduced .
    [0074] A barrier film 14 is placed between the first thermoplastic film 12 with the luminescent material 3 and the multilayer film 8. The barrier film 14 is made of PET and prevents diffusion of the luminescent material 3 out of the first thermoplastic film 12 into the second thermoplastic film 13. Barrier film 14 is also provided with an infrared protective coating (not shown). This protects functional element 4 against aging, due to infrared components from sunlight.
    [0075] Figure 5 shows a diagram of aging measurements of composite panes having electrically switchable optical properties. The composite panes were subjected to a "Weather-Ometer" (WOM) standardization test. The composite panes were irradiated with a xenon arc lamp whose radiation simulates the solar spectrum. The outer panel 1 was placed facing the light source. After irradiation, the value of ΔE was determined. The ΔE value indicates the changes in brightness and color of the composite pane, especially of the functional element 4, as a result of the WOM test. The value of ΔE is, therefore, a measure of the aging of functional element 4. It is calculated with the following formula:

    [0076] L * is the brightness value, a * and b * are the color coordinates in the Color Space L * a * b *. Δ refers to the difference in the respective variable before and after the WOM test.
    [0077] The ΔE values were determined, for example, according to the invention and two comparative examples and are recorded in figure 5 as a function of the irradiation period. The example according to the invention was a composite pane according to figure 3. The luminescent material 3 was incorporated in the first thermoplastic film 12. Comparative example 1 is different from the example through the first thermoplastic film 12. The thermoplastic film 12 in comparative example 1 was made of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), had a thickness of 0.38 mm, and did not contain any luminescent material 3. The composite pane in comparative example 2 was configured exactly like that in comparative example 1. However, during irradiation in comparative example 2, an optical filter that was not transparent and UV radiation or radiation in the visible range with a wavelength of less than 500 nm was placed between the radiation source and the composite glazing.
    [0078] From figure 5, it is evident that the protection of the composite glazing against UV radiation and radiation in the visible range of short wavelength results in significantly less aging of the functional element 4. The ΔE values in comparative example 2 are significantly lower for all observation times, than in the comparative example. The ΔE values in the example according to the invention are approximately on the same best straight line as could be made from the ΔE values in comparative example 2. Therefore, using the thermoplastic film according to invention 12 with the luminescent material 3 , an equally effective protection against UV radiation and radiation in the short wavelength range is obtained, than that with an optical filter. This result was unexpected and surprising for the person skilled in the art.
    [0079] Figure 6 shows the transmittance of a thermoplastic film made of EVA, a thermoplastic film made of PVB and a thermoplastic film 12 according to the invention with incorporated luminescent material 3. The thermoplastic film according to invention 12 is made of PVB and contains diethyl-2,5-dihydroxy terephthalate as the luminescent material 3 at a concentration of approximately 3.9 kg / m3. Each thermoplastic film has a transmittance of approximately 0% for UV radiation up to a certain wavelength. However, when the wavelength increases, the transmittance of the thermoplastic film increases to a maximum value of approximately 90%. If the thermoplastic film is placed between the outer panel 1 and the switchable functional element 4 of a pane having electrically switchable optical properties, the transmitted UV radiation as well as radiation in the visible short wavelength range results in the aging of the functional element 4. It is evident from the diagram that a film made of PVB transmits a smaller range of the UV spectrum than a film made of EVA. When a luminescent material is incorporated in the film, the radiation component transmitted in the UV range and in the visible range of short wavelength is further reduced. Table 1 summarizes the transmittance of the films at 380 nm, 390 nm, 400 nm, and 410 nm. By using the PVB film with the luminescent material such as the thermoplastic film 12 of a pane having electrically switchable optical properties, the aging of the switchable functional element 4 (according to figure 5) can be effectively reduced. This result was unexpected and surprising by the person skilled in the art. Table 1

    [0080] Figure 7 details an example method of the method according to the invention for the production of a glazing having electrically switchable optical properties. The example mode results in a composite pane according to figure 3. Firstly, the luminescent material 3 is applied in a solvent on the surface of the first thermoplastic film 12. The concentration of the luminescent material 3 on the thermoplastic film 12, for example , is 3 g / m2. The second thermoplastic film 13 is placed on the inner panel 2. The multilayer film 8 is electrically contacted and is placed on the second thermoplastic film 13. The first thermoplastic film 12 is placed on the multilayer film 8. The outer panel 1 is placed over the first thermoplastic film 12. Then the stack is laminated under the action of temperature, pressure, and / or vacuum to form the composite glazing. List of reference characters: 1. outer panel 2. inner panel 3. luminescent material 4. functional element having electrically switchable optical properties 5. active layer of the functional element 4 6. outer flat electrode of the functional element 4 7. inner flat electrode of the functional element 4 8. multilayer film having electrically switchable optical properties 9. multilayer film backing film 8 10. multilayer film backing film 8 11. intermediate layer 12. thermoplastic film 13. thermoplastic film 14. barrier film 15. edge sealing
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [0001]
    1. Glazing having electrically switchable optical properties, characterized by the fact that it comprises at least: an external panel (1), and a switchable functional element (4), the area of which is connected to that of the external panel (1) through at least one film thermoplastic (12), where the thermoplastic film (12) contains at least one luminescent material (3), where the thermoplastic film (12) contains from 0.1 kg / m3 to 20 kg / m3, preferably 1 kg / m3 to 7 kg / m3 of the luminescent material (3), where the luminescent material (3) has a maximum excitation in the range of 350 nm to 450 nm, preferably from 380 nm to 420 nm, and where the luminescent material (3) is evenly distributed over the entire area of the thermoplastic film (12).
    [0002]
    2. Glazing according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the thermoplastic film (12) is devoid of UV blockers.
    [0003]
    Glazing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the functional element (4) contains at least one organic material.
    [0004]
    Glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the area of the functional element (4) is connected to the area between two support films (9, 10) and in which one of the support films (9 , 10) is connected to the external panel (1) at least through the thermoplastic film (12).
    [0005]
    Glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a barrier film (14) is placed on the surface of the thermoplastic film (12) facing away from the outer panel (1), in which the film preferably contains at least polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
    [0006]
    Glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the thermoplastic film (12) contains at least ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and / or polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and preferably has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 2 mm, and the luminescent material (3) is preferably incorporated in the thermoplastic film (12).
    [0007]
    Glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the luminescent material (3) has a maximum emission in the range of 410 nm to 600 nm, preferably from 430 nm to 500 nm.
    [0008]
    8. Glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the luminescent material (3) contains at least one hydroxyalkyl terephthalate with the chemical formula: R1-COO-Ph (OH) x-COO-R2, where R1, R2 is an alkyl or allyl radical having 1 to 10 C atoms, Ph is a phenyl ring, OH is a hydroxyl group attached to the phenyl ring, ex is an integer from 1 to 4, preferably at least diethyl 2 , 5-dihydroxy terephthalate.
    [0009]
    Glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the thermoplastic film (12) has a transmittance less than or equal to 10% in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 410 nm.
    [0010]
    10. Glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the functional element (4) is an SPD, PDLC, electrochromic functional element or an electroluminescent functional element, preferably an SPD functional element.
    [0011]
    11. Glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it is a glazing composed of the outer panel (1) and an inner panel (2), in which the functional element (4) is placed on the surface between the external panel (1) and the internal panel (2).
    [0012]
    12. Method for producing a glazing having electrically switchable optical properties, characterized by the fact that at least: a) at least one luminescent material (3) is applied on or incorporated into a thermoplastic film (12), in which the thermoplastic film (12) contains from 0.1 kg / m3 to 20 kg / m3, preferably from 1 kg / m3 to 7 kg / m3 of the luminescent material (3), where the luminescent material (3) has a maximum excitation in the range from 350 nm to 450 nm, preferably from 380 nm to 420 nm, and in which the luminescent material (3) is homogeneously distributed over the entire area of the thermoplastic film (12), b) at least one external panel ( 1), the thermoplastic film (12), and a switchable functional element (4) are placed on top of each other in this order over the entire area, and c) the functional element (4) is connected to the outer panel (1) through the thermoplastic film (12).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    KR20150092247A|2015-08-12|
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    CN104837625A|2015-08-12|
    EA028121B1|2017-10-31|
    TR201903169T4|2019-05-21|
    JP6184512B2|2017-08-23|
    EA201591068A1|2015-09-30|
    ES2717014T3|2019-06-18|
    US9645433B2|2017-05-09|
    WO2014086555A1|2014-06-12|
    US20150301367A1|2015-10-22|
    MX366897B|2019-07-30|
    MX2015007023A|2015-09-25|
    PT2928686T|2019-04-15|
    EP2928686A1|2015-10-14|
    CA2893198A1|2014-06-12|
    BR112015012261A2|2017-07-11|
    CN104837625B|2018-11-20|
    JP2016504217A|2016-02-12|
    PL2928686T3|2019-06-28|
    CA2893198C|2017-12-05|
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    法律状态:
    2018-03-06| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2018-03-13| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2018-03-20| B06I| Technical and formal requirements: publication cancelled|Free format text: ANULADA A PUBLICACAO CODIGO 6.6.1 NA RPI NO 2462 DE 13/03/2018 POR TER SIDO INDEVIDA. |
    2019-12-10| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2021-02-09| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-03-09| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 12/11/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP12195799.7|2012-12-06|
    EP12195799|2012-12-06|
    PCT/EP2013/073575|WO2014086555A1|2012-12-06|2013-11-12|Glazing having electrically switchable optical properties|
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