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    • 专利摘要:
    amine catalyst to improve the stability of polyurethane systems having halogen-containing blowing agents. the present invention relates to catalyst compositions useful in the production of polyurethane or polyisocyanurate insulating foam. the catalyst compositions give increased stability of a mixture of the catalyst, a blowing agent containing halogen and a polyol. these catalyst compositions comprise at least 10% of a tetraalkylguanidine and at least 10% of a tertiary amine catalyst with an isocyanate reactive group. these improved catalysts can be used with any halogenated blowing agent, and provide substantial stability benefits with the use of hydrofluoro-olefins and hydrofluorochloro-olefins. in an exemplary embodiment, a process includes providing a premix comprising a hydrohalo-olefin blowing agent, at least one polyol, water, and a catalyst comprising 10-50% tetramethylguanidine and 10-90% one or more more than one amine catalyst containing an isocyanate reactive group.
    公开号:BR112015008680B1
    申请号:R112015008680-2
    申请日:2013-10-24
    公开日:2021-03-23
    发明作者:Juan Jesus Burdeniuc；Jean Louise Vincent；Timothy J. Miller
    申请人:Evonik Operations Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [001] This Order claims the benefit of US Order 61/717690, filed on October 24, 2012, and Order 13 / 951,958 filed on July 26, 2013. The disclosure of Orders 61/717690 and 13 / 951,958 is hereby incorporated by reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0002] [002] The field of the invention is the composition and application of catalysts useful for the production of insulating polyurethane foam produced with blowing agents containing a halogen.
    [0003] [003] Polyurethane foam compositions are typically prepared by reacting an isocyanate and a premix that consists of isocyanate-reactive components such as a polyol. The premix also optionally contains other components such as water, flame retardants, blowing agents, foam stabilizing surfactants, and catalysts to promote isocyanate reactions with polyol to make urethane, with water to make CO2 and urea, and with isocyanate of excess to make isocyanurate (trimer). The blowing agent in the premix is usually a liquid or gas with a sufficiently low boiling point to be vaporized by the heat released during the polymerization reaction. Examples of blowing agents useful in the production of insulating polyurethane foam include, but are not limited to, hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins, hydrofluorochloro-olefins, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, shapes, and hydrocarbons. The appropriate selection and combination of the components in the premix and the isocyanate can be useful for the production of polyurethane foam that is applied by spraying, poured in place, and used in applications such as refrigerators, freezers, hot water heaters, panels insulation, garage doors, entry doors, and other various applications where insulation is desired. For some of these applications, the premix is stored for one day to one year before being reacted with isocyanate to generate polyurethane foam. This is common in spray foam applications where premix and isocyanate drums are transported to field locations for on-site application. Thus, it is desirable that the premix of an insulating foam formulation is chemically and physically stable. However, catalysts that are useful for promoting the polyurethane reaction can also participate or induce undesired reactions with the blowing agents present in the premix, which results in reduced storage stability. These unwanted reactions are prevalent in halogen-containing blowing agents, and are especially problematic in halogenated blowing agents containing unsaturation and olefinic carbons. Common amine catalysts useful for the production of polyurethane foam include tertiary amines, such as N, N, N ', N' ', N' '- pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (available from Air Products as Polycat®-5) or 1,4- diazabiciclo [2.2.2] octane (available in an Air Products solution such as Dabco®33LX) which is known to accelerate the urethane reaction, which promotes the formation of polyurethane polymers. However, tertiary amines are also known to react with organic compounds containing halogen causing deactivation of tertiary amine catalysts resulting in a net decrease in the kinetics of the polymerization process. Reaction between tertiary amine and organic compounds containing halogen occurs more quickly when the halogen atom is attached to an olefinic carbon because halogen-substituted olefins are susceptible to nucleophilic attack by tertiary amines. This results in a rapid deactivation of the tertiary amine catalysts making the premix not active enough to react with the isocyanate. Deactivation of tertiary amine by reaction with halogen-containing compounds can also occur in aliphatic compounds containing halogen by forming a quaternary ammonium salt or dehydro-halogenation both pathways resulting in deactivation of the tertiary amine.
    [0004] [004] U. S. Patent Application 20120313035A1 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, describes a foaming composition comprising a hydrohalo-olefin blowing agent and an amine catalyst which produce a stable polyol premix. The method includes the use of 1,2-dimethylimidazole, Nmethylmorpholine, and other hindered tertiary amines such as diisopropylethylamine catalysts. These catalysts suffer from the drawback that they do not contain isocyanate-reactive groups and are therefore emissive from the final polyurethane foam. In addition, it has been shown that reactive amine catalysts, such as dimethylaminoethoxyethanol and 2- [N- (dimethylaminoethoxyethyl)] - N-methylamino] ethanol result in an unstable polyol premix in the presence of a hydrohalo-olefin.
    [0005] [005] U. S. Patent Application 2013019415A1 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, describes a foaming composition comprising a non-emissive catalyst and a tetraalkyl guanidine catalyst. Specifically, the non-emissive catalyst can include 2- [N- (dimethylaminoethoxyethyl)] - N-methylamino] ethanol and dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, and the tetraalkyl guanidine can be tetramethylguanidine. The drawback is that the blowing agent composition is water, and will not produce a closed cell insulating foam with the same insulating value as a foaming composition using a halogenated blowing agent containing a hydrohalo-olefin.
    [0006] [006] W.O. Patent Application 2013116416A1 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, describes a foaming composition comprising an encapsulated amine catalyst and a hydrohalo-olefin blowing agent. The drawback is that the amine catalyst is encapsulated in a solid thermoplastic polymer that must be dispersed in the polyol premix.
    [0007] [007] A process, a polyurethane composition, a polyurethane product, a process of producing a catalyst composition, and a catalyst that does not suffer from one or more of the above drawbacks would be desirable in the art. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0008] [008] In an exemplary embodiment, a process comprises providing a premix comprising at least one tetraalkylguanidine and at least one tertiary amine containing an isocyanate reactive group in the premix where the premix contains at least one of the agents hydrofluorocarbon expansion, hydrochlorocarbon, hydrochloro-olefin, hydrofluoro-olefins, hydrofluorochloroolefins, fluoro-olefin, and chloro-olefin, hydrochlorofluorocarbons.
    [0009] [009] In another exemplary embodiment, a polyurethane composition comprises at least one polyol component, a catalyst composition, and at least one isocyanate component. The catalyst composition comprises at least one tetraalkylguanidine and at least one tertiary amine containing an isocyanate reactive group.
    [0010] [0010] In another exemplary embodiment, a polyurethane product comprises being formed through tetraalkylguanidine and at least one tertiary amine containing an reactive isocyanate group and an isocyanate component.
    [0011] [0011] One aspect of the invention relates to a polyol premix composition comprising at least one halogenated blowing agent, at least one polyol, water, at least one tetraalkylguanidine and at least one tertiary amine containing a group reactive isocyanate in the premixture.
    [0012] [0012] One aspect of the invention relates to a polyol premix composition in which the halogenated blowing agent contains a hydrohalo-olefin.
    [0013] [0013] One aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects in which the hydrohalo-olefin blowing agent comprises trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.
    [0014] [0014] One aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects in which the amine with an isocyanate reactive group comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of N, N-bis (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -N- isopropanolamine, N, N-dimethylaminoethylN'-methyl ethanolamine, N, N, N'-trimethylaminopropyl ethanolamine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N, N - dimethyl-N ', N' -2-hydroxy (propyl) -1,3 - propylenediamine, dimethylaminopropylamine, (N, N-dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, methylhydroxy-ethyl-piperazine, bis (N, N-dimethyl-3-aminopropyl) amine, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl urea, N, N'-bis ( 3-dimethylaminopropyl) urea, bis (dimethylamino) -2-propanol, N- (3-aminopropyl) imidazole), N- (2-hydroxypropyl) imidazole, and N- (2-hydroxyethyl) imidazole, 2- [N- ( dimethylaminoethoxyethyl) -Nomethylamino] ethanol, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methyl-N'-ethanol, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, N, N, N'-trimethyl-N'-3-aminopropyl-bis (aminoethyl) ether or combinations thereof .
    [0015] [0015] One aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects additionally comprising at least one solvent.
    [0016] [0016] A further aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects in which the solvent comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a glycol, water, and a polyol.
    [0017] [0017] One aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects in which tetraalkylguanidine comprises tetramethylguanidine.
    [0018] [0018] A further aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects additionally comprising an amine catalyst without an isocyanate reactive group.
    [0019] [0019] A further aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects additionally comprising a metal catalyst.
    [0020] [0020] Another aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects additionally comprising at least one cell stabilizer.
    [0021] [0021] Another aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects additionally comprising at least one crosslinking agent.
    [0022] [0022] Another aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects additionally comprising at least one chain extender.
    [0023] An additional aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects comprising the catalyst composition of about 10 to 50% tetramethylguanidine and about 10 to 90% of an amine with an isocyanate reactive group.
    [0024] [0024] A further aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects wherein the catalyst comprises about 0.1 to about 10% of the polyol premix composition.
    [0025] [0025] A further aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects wherein the catalyst comprises about 0.5 to about 5% of the polyol premix composition.
    [0026] [0026] One aspect of the invention relates to a method for making foam comprising contacting the premix composition of any of the foregoing aspects with at least one isocyanate.
    [0027] [0027] An additional aspect of the invention relates to a foam obtained by the previous method or any of the previous aspects.
    [0028] [0028] One aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects in which the polyol premix composition comprising at least one halogenated blowing agent, at least one polyol, water, and a catalyst comprising at least 10% tetraalkylguanidine and about 10 to about 90% by weight of one or more of a tertiary amine catalyst with an isocyanate reactive group.
    [0029] [0029] One aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects wherein the premix composition additionally comprises about 10 to about 80% by weight of a tertiary amine catalyst that does not have an isocyanate reactive group .
    [0030] [0030] One aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects in which the tertiary amine catalyst that does not have an isocyanate reactive group is 1,2-dimethylimidazole.
    [0031] [0031] One aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects in which the premix composition comprises a catalyst comprising equal amounts of tetramethylguanidine, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, and a solution of about 70% by weight of 1,2- dimethylimidazole in a glycol.
    [0032] [0032] One aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects in which the catalyst comprises equal amounts of tetramethylguanidine and N, N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methyl ethanolamine.
    [0033] [0033] One aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects in which the premix composition additionally comprises at least one metal catalyst.
    [0034] [0034] One aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects in which the metal catalyst comprises at least one organo-tin compound.
    [0035] [0035] Another aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects in which the metal catalyst comprises a carboxylate complex of one or more of potassium, bismuth or sodium.
    [0036] [0036] Another aspect of the invention relates to any of the foregoing aspects additionally comprising a quaternary ammonium salt.
    [0037] [0037] An additional aspect of the invention relates to a method that uses any of the foregoing aspects of the invention to improve the stability of a premix comprising at least one hydrohalo-olefin and at least one amine catalyst using a amount of at least one tetraalkylguanidine that increases the stability of the premix.
    [0038] [0038] An additional aspect of the invention relates to a method that uses any of the foregoing aspects in a method in which the amine catalyst comprises at least about 10% by weight of tetramethylguanidine and about 10% by weight of a tertiary amine catalyst that has a reactive isocyanate group.
    [0039] [0039] A further aspect of the invention relates to the use of tetraalkylguanidine to improve the stability of a composition comprising at least one hydro-olefin and at least one tertiary amine catalyst in any of the foregoing aspects.
    [0040] [0040] Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be evident from the following more detailed description of the preferred aspect or modality, considered together with the attached examples that illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. These characteristics as well as the various aspects described here can be used alone or in combinations with each other. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0041] [0041] Supplied is an exemplary process, a polyurethane composition, a polyurethane product, a process for making polyurethane foam, a process for producing a catalyst composition, and a catalyst. The present disclosure modalities improve the stability of a premix by minimizing the decomposition of the halogen-containing blowing agent, reducing the deactivation of catalysts by such a decomposition process while providing sufficient catalytic activity to provide foaming speeds that are acceptable for practical use as well as finished products with optimal physical properties. By "stability" is meant that the premix containing all the components of a foaming composition, except isocyanate, after being thermally aged in an oven set at 50 ° C (in a sealed container) for 2 weeks will be sufficiently active after aging for produce foam. During the aging process, the decomposition of a hydrofluoroolefin expansion agent (HFO) can occur thus causing the premix to lose its activity. This deactivation can be measured using standard FOMAT equipment and measuring the foam rate of the elevation profiles which consist of recording height versus time as well as foam lift speed versus time during the course of the polymerization process. An appropriate way to measure deactivation is to monitor changes in time in seconds to achieve the time at which the foam has risen to 80% of the maximum height reached at different periods of time during the aging process. Improvements in the performance of the catalyst can then be measured by recording the changes ΔT = Aged - Initial. For example, a formulation that takes 20 seconds to reach 80% of the maximum height reached when initially prepared, may experience a drop in reactivity after storage at 50 ° C for two weeks, and then take 30 seconds to reach 80% of the maximum height reached (as measured by the FOMAT equipment). The ΔT would then be 10 seconds. Thus, when comparing the catalyst compositions, minor changes in ΔT are desired because such minor changes are associated with lower activity losses during the aging process. Minor changes in ΔT mean, for example, that a suitable spray foam formulation can additionally foam after aging without the need to add extra fresh catalyst to the premix to prevent sagging, dripping, or collapse of the reactive mixture during application . To have a stable foam formulation, it is preferable to have a ΔT change in reactivity of less than about 7 seconds. It is more preferable to have a ΔT change in reactivity of less than about 5 seconds, less than about 4 seconds and in some cases less than about 3 seconds.
    [0042] [0042] The inventive catalysts are useful for the production of any rigid foam insulation, and are particularly useful for spray foam, application insulation, insulating construction panels, and various other insulation products containing closed cell rigid polyurethane foam . This invention includes foams having an isocyanate index between about 70 and about 500, about 90 to about 270 and typically about 100 to about 150. The catalysts described in this invention could be used in combination with any blowing agent containing halogen to provide improved system stability, but they are particularly useful for improving the stability of systems containing hydrohalo-olefin blowing agents, such as at least one of HFCO-1234ze (trans-1,3,3,3 -Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene) and HFCO-1233zd (1-Propene, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro), among other HFOs.
    [0043] [0043] In one embodiment, the premix comprises the polyol component, at least one surfactant component and at least one blowing agent component. The polyol component comprises one or more standard polyols, one or more polyols of natural oil, one or more polyester polyols, one or more Mannich polyols or combinations thereof. Mannich bases are obtained by the condensation reaction of: 1) carbonyl compound, 2) a primary or secondary amine and 3) organic compound with enolizable acidic hydrogen such as phenols, ketones, but commonly phenol and substituted phenols. Mannich bases can be used as initiators for alkoxylation reactions with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide giving polyether polyols containing amine called Mannich polyols. The amount of surfactant can vary from about 0.10 pphp to about 10 pphp, about 0.20 pphp to about 8.0 pphp and in some cases about 0.5 pphp to about 3.0 pphp. The blowing agent components can range from about 1 pphp to about 30 pphp, about 5 pphp to about 20 pphp and in some cases about 8 pphp to about 15 pphp. The premix can be formed using any suitable condition such as mixing all components in a commercially available reaction vessel equipped with a mechanical stirrer or simply mixing all the premix components in a drum and mechanically mixing the components inside the drum before sealing.
    [0044] [0044] In one embodiment, the standard polyol is used alone, including polyether polyol. In one embodiment the standard polyol is used in the range of about 0 pphp to about 100 pphp, about 0 pphp to about 80 pphp and in some cases about 20 pphp to about 60 pphp. In one embodiment the natural oil polyol is greater than about 0, about 40 pphp, greater than about 0 to about 20 pphp and in some cases greater than about 0 pphp to about 10 pphp. In one embodiment, the standard polyol is used alone and is a polyester polyol. in one embodiment the polyester polyol is used at an amount of about 0 pphp to 100 pphp, about 10 pphp to about 80 pphp and in some cases about 20 pphp to about 60 pphp. In one embodiment, the Mannich polyol is used in combination with another polyol and in a range of 0 pphp to 80 pphp, about 0 pphp to about 50 pphp and in some cases about 0 pphp to about 20 pphp.
    [0045] [0045] In one embodiment, the premix additionally comprises at least one of water, cell stabilizers, chain extenders, pigments, fillers, organic or diacid acids, flame retardants, auxiliary urethane gel catalysts, catalytic expansion catalysts auxiliary urethane, transition metal catalysts, or combinations thereof. As is further described below, in some embodiments, the premix includes additional components that are combined through any suitable procedure and using equipment known in the art including those previously described and / or in any suitable portion of the process.
    [0046] [0046] Suitable cell stabilizers include, but are not limited to, silicone surfactants, anionic surfactants, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the cell stabilizer is the silicone surfactant, such as polyalkylsiloxane, dimethylpolysiloxane modified with polyoxyalkylene polyol, dimethylpolysiloxane modified with alkylene glycol, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the cell stabilizer is the anionic surfactant, such as a salt of a fatty acid, a salt of a sulfuric acid ester, a salt of a phosphoric acid ester, a salt of a sulfonic acid, or a combination of the same. In one embodiment, the premix includes the cell stabilizers in a suitable predetermined amount. Suitable cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to, quaternary ammonium salts (pH dependent or permanently charged) such as trimethylammonium cetyl chloride, pyridinium cetyl chloride, polyethoxylated tallow amine, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride and others. Suitable zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactants include but are not limited to sultaines, amino acids, imino acids, betaines and phosphates. Suitable non-ionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, polyoxypropylene glycol alkyl ethers, glycosides (such as decyl, lauryl and octyl glycosides), polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl phenols, glycol alkyl esters, and others. Suitable predetermined amounts include, but are not limited to, about 0.1 pphp to about 20 pphp, 0.1 pphp to about 10 pphp, 0.1 pphp to about 5 pphp, or any suitable combination or subcombination of the same.
    [0047] [0047] Suitable pigments include, but are not limited to, organic pigments, inorganic pigments, or combinations thereof. Pigments allow coloring (for example, to match a type of color), concealment (for example, hiding yellowing), or their combinations. In a modality with the pigment being an organic pigment, the pigment is an azo / diazo dye, a phthalocyanine, dioxazine, carbon black, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment with the pigment being an inorganic pigment, the pigment is titanium dioxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, or a combination thereof. The amount of pigment can vary from about 0 pphp to about 10 pphp, about 0 pphp to about 5 pphp and in some cases about 0.1 pphp to about 3.0 pphp.
    [0048] [0048] Suitable fillers increase the density and load-carrying properties of polyurethane foams. In one embodiment, the filler is barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, or a combination thereof. The amount of filler can vary from about 0 pphp to about 20 pphp, about 0 pphp to about 10 pphp and in some cases about 1.0 pphp to about 5.0 pphp.
    [0049] [0049] Suitable flame retardants reduce the flammability of polyurethane foams. In one embodiment, the flame retardant is a chlorinated phosphate ester, chlorinated paraffin, a melamine powder, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the premix includes flame retardants in any suitable amount. Suitable amounts include, but are not limited to, about 0 pphp to about 30 pphp, about 0 pphp to about 20 pphp, about 0 pphp to about 10 pphp, about 1 pphp to about 20 pphp, about 1 pphp to about 10 pphp, about 1 pphp to about 5 pphp, or any suitable combination or subcombination thereof.
    [0050] [0050] In one embodiment, the composition produced is the polyurethane composition. In this embodiment, the process involves reacting the premix, with the tetraalkylguanidine and the tertiary amine having a reactive isocyanate group, with the isocyanate to form the polyurethane composition. The formation of the polyurethane composition includes combining an isocyanate component with the premix. The combination is for a predetermined duration (for example, about 6 seconds), at a predetermined blade rotation speed (for example, about 6,000 revolutions per minute), or a combination thereof. Alternatively, the formation of the polyurethane composition includes combining an isocyanate component with the premix using commercially available spray foam equipment which consists of contacting all components at high pressure on a mixing head of a spray machine.
    [0051] [0051] In one embodiment, the isocyanate component is combined with the premix composition at or around a stoichiometric ratio. In one embodiment, the stoichiometric ratio is based on an NCO index. The NCO index is the number of isocyanate equivalents, divided by the total number of active hydrogen equivalents, multiplied by 100 (for example, based on an NCO index being [NCO / (OH + NH)] * 100). The polyurethane composition includes the NCO index which is within a predetermined range. In one embodiment, the predetermined range is between about 20 and about 500. In a embodiment where the polyurethane composition is used to produce a spray foam application, the range is between about 20 and about 500. For others applications, the NCO index can range from about 50 to about 300, about 80 to about 250, and about 90 to about 150. In one embodiment, the polyurethane composition is used with a trimerization catalyst for produce polyisocyanurate foam used in foam laminates and includes a suitable strip for use.
    [0052] [0052] The isocyanate component includes any suitable organic isocyanate compound. Suitable organic isocyanate compounds include, but are not limited to, at least one among hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), phenylene diisocyanate (PDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), isophoronodiisocyanate (IPDI), or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the isocyanate component includes 2,4-TDI, 2,6-TDI, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the isocyanate component includes, by weight, about 80% 2,4-TDI and about 20% or a remainder of 2,6-TDI. In one embodiment, the isocyanate component includes crude MDI, such as a mixture of about 60% of 4,4'-MDI and / or a stoichiometric amount together with other higher isomeric polyisocyanates and the like. Other suitable isocyanates are shown and described in U.S. Pat. US 4,394,491, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
    [0053] [0053] In one embodiment, the premix includes, by weight, at least about 20% polyol between about 0.5% and about 10% surfactant, between about 1% and about 30% being the blowing agent component, between about 0.25% and about 15% being the catalyst composition, with the amount of the isocyanate component being based on the NCO index being between about 20 and about 500. In a further embodiment, the polyol component includes polyether polyol, a natural oil polyol and / or a polyester polyol. In one embodiment, the polyether polyol has an average molecular weight between about 500 and about 20,000 and / or a hydroxyl value between about 400 and about 10 and more preferably an average molecular weight between 2000 and 5000 and / or value hydroxyl between about 50 and about 20.
    [0054] [0054] In one embodiment, the premix includes about 100 pphp of the polyol component (for example, about 70 pphp being a polyester polyol and / or about 30 pphp being a Mannich polyol), about 2 , 0 pphp being the surfactant component, about 1.5 pphp being water, and the isocyanate component having an NCO number of about 180. The premix also includes the catalyst composition of the invention. In an additional embodiment, the premix includes about 30 pphp of the flame retardant (for example, tris- (2-chloropropyl) phosphate), 20 pphp of blowing agent, 1.0 pphp of metal catalyst and 0.10 pphp to 10 pphp of trimerization catalyst.
    [0055] [0055] The base polyol in the premix reacts with the isocyanate to produce the polyurethane foam composition. In one embodiment, the base polyol is a polyether polyol. Suitable polyether polyols are shown and described in WO 03/016373 A1, WO 01/58976 A1, WO 04/060956 A1, WO 03/016372 A1, and WO 03/055930 A1, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In one embodiment, polyether polyols are polymers of poly (alkylene oxide), such as, poly (ethylene oxide), poly (propylene oxide), and / or compounds with terminal hydroxyl groups derived from polyhydric compounds ( for example, diols and triols). In one embodiment, the diols and triols used are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, pentaerythritol, glycerol, diglycerol, trimethylol propane, other suitable low molecular weight polyols, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the polyether polyol is or includes polyhydroxy-terminated acetal resin, hydroxy-terminated amine, hydroxyl-terminated polyamine, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the base polyol is or includes polyols based on polyalkylene carbonate, polyols based on phosphate, or combinations thereof.
    [0056] [0056] In one embodiment, the base polyol comprises a simple high molecular weight polyether polyol. In another embodiment, the base polyol comprises a mixture of high molecular weight polyether polyols, each having a different molecular weight or different chemical composition. In this embodiment, the base polyol comprises difunctional and trifunctional materials, such as, but not limited to, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, glycerol-based polyether triols, trimethylolpropane-based polyether triols, other compounds or similar mixtures, or combinations thereof.
    [0057] [0057] In one embodiment, modified polyurea polyol is formed by the reaction of a diamine and a diisocyanate in the presence of the starting polyol. In this embodiment, the modified polyurea polyol includes polyurea dispersion. In one embodiment, the modified polyurea polyol is or includes polyisocyanate polyaddition polyols (PIPA), for example, formed in situ from a reaction of the isocyanate and an alkanolamine in the starting polyol.
    [0058] [0058] In one embodiment, the base polyol is or includes a natural oil polyol. In general, natural oil polyols are less expensive and renewable resources, thus providing environmental benefits. Natural oil polyols include saturated and / or unsaturated acid triglycerides having a carbon chain length between 12 and 24. Saturated acids are lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, steric acid, arachidic acid, lignoceric acid, or a combination of them. Unsaturated acids are monounsaturated (e.g., palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, or a combination thereof) and / or polyunsaturated (e.g., linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, or a combination thereof). A natural oil polyol is castor oil, a natural triglyceride of ricinoleic acid being commonly used to make polyurethane foam although it has certain limitations such as low hydroxyl content. Other natural oils need to be chemically modified to introduce sufficient hydroxyl content to make them useful in the production of polyurethane polymers. There are two chemically reactive sites that can be considered when trying to modify natural oil or fat into a useful polyol: 1) unsaturated sites (double bonds); and 2) the ester functionality. Unsaturated sites present in oil or fat can be hydroxylated by epoxidation followed by ring opening or hydroformylation followed by hydrogenation. Alternatively, transesterification can also be used to introduce OH groups into natural oil and fat. The chemical process for preparing natural polyols using the epoxidation route involves a reaction mixture that requires epoxidized natural oil, a ring opening acid catalyst and a ring opener. Natural epoxidized oils include plant-based epoxidized oils (epoxidized vegetable oils) and epoxidized animal fats. Natural epoxidized oils can be completely or partially epoxidized and these oils include soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, canola oil, sesame oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, tung oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, linseed oil and combinations thereof. Animal fats include fish, tallow and lard. These natural oils are fatty acid triglycerides that can be saturated or unsaturated with various chain lengths from C12 to C24. These acids can be: 1) saturated: lauric, myristic, palmitic, steric, arachidic and lignoceric; 2) monounsaturated: palmitoleic, oleic, 3) polyunsaturated: linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic. Partially or completely epoxidized natural oil can be prepared by reacting peroxyacid under suitable reaction conditions. Examples of peroxyacids used have been described in the epoxidation of oils in WO 2006/116456 A1; hereby incorporated by reference. Ring opening of epoxidized oils with alcohols, water and other compounds having one or multiple nucleophilic groups can be used. Depending on the reaction conditions, oligomerization of the epoxidized oil may also occur. Ring opening yields natural oil polyol that can be used to manufacture polyurethane products. In the hydroformylation / hydrogenation process, the oil is hydroformylated in a reactor filled with a hydrogen / carbon monoxide mixture in the presence of a suitable catalyst (typically cobalt or rhodium) to form an aldehyde that is hydrogenated in the presence of cobalt or catalyst. nickel to form a polyol. Alternatively, polyol from natural oil and fats can be produced by transesterification with a suitable polyhydroxyl containing substance using an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal base or salt as a transesterification catalyst. Any natural oil or alternatively any partially hydrogenated oil can be used in the transesterification process. Examples of oils include but are not limited to soy, corn, cottonseed, peanuts, castor, sunflower, canola, rapeseed, safflower, fish, seal, palm, tung, olive oil or any mixture. Any multifunctional hydroxyl compound can also be used such as lactose, maltose, raffinose, sucrose, sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, mannitol, or any combination.
    [0059] [0059] In one embodiment, the natural oil polyol used as or in the base polyol is castor oil. Castor oil is a natural triglyceride of ricinoleic acid having a low hydroxyl content.
    [0060] [0060] In one embodiment, a natural oil or fat is modified to form the natural oil polyol. In this embodiment, an epoxidized natural oil is reacted with a ring-opening acid catalyst and a ring-opener. Natural epoxidized oil is a plant-based oil, such as epoxidized vegetable oil and / or epoxidized animal fat. Suitable epoxidized natural oils which are plant-based oils, include, but are not limited to, soy oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, canola oil, sesame oil, palm oil, palm oil, rapeseed, tung oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, flaxseed oil, or a combination thereof. Suitable natural epoxidized oils that are epoxidized animal fat are fish fat, tallow, lard, or a combination thereof. Other suitable epoxidized natural oils are shown and described in WO 06/116456 A1, which is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
    [0061] [0061] In one embodiment, the natural oil or fat is modified by increasing the hydroxy content through chemical reaction in unsaturated sites and / or with functional ester groups. For example, in one embodiment, unsaturated sites are hydroxylated by epoxidation / ring opening and / or hydroformylation / hydrogenation. In one embodiment, the ring opening of the epoxidized natural oil is with alcohol, water, and other compounds having one or more nucleophilic groups. In an additional embodiment, the epoxidized natural oil is also oligomerized. In one embodiment, the hydroformylation / hydrogenation of the epoxidized natural oil is in a reactor (not shown) filled with a hydrogen / carbon monoxide mixture in the presence of a suitable catalyst (for example, cobalt, rhodium or combinations thereof) to form an aldehyde that is hydrogenated in the presence of a cobalt catalyst or a nickel catalyst to form a polyol.
    [0062] [0062] In one embodiment, the functional ester groups in the appropriate reagents are modified by transesterification to introduce hydroxy groups. In this embodiment, a substance containing suitable polyhydroxy and the transesterification catalyst (for example, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or salt) produces the polyol of the natural oil or fat. Transesterification includes any suitable natural oil or partially hydrogenated oil. Suitable natural oils include, but are not limited to, soy, corn, cottonseed, peanut, castor, sunflower, canola, rapeseed, safflower, fish, seal, palm, tung, olive oil, or combinations thereof. Suitable multifunctional hydroxyl compounds include, but are not limited to, lactose, maltose, raffinose, sucrose, sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, mannitol, or combinations thereof.
    [0063] [0063] In one embodiment, the polyol component includes polyols typically used to make rigid PIR / PUR foam (polyisocyanurate and / or polyurethane). Such polyols include, but are not limited to, polyalkylene ether and polyester polyols. In one embodiment, the polyalkylene ether includes a polymer of poly (alkylene-oxide), such as polymers of poly (ethylene-oxide) and poly (propylene-oxide) and copolymers with terminal hydroxyl groups derived from polyhydric compounds including diols and triols, for example, among others, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butane diol, 1,4-butane diol, 1,6-hexane diol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, pentaerythritol, glycerol, diglycerol, trimethylol propane, cyclohexane diol, sugars such as sucrose and as low molecular weight polyols, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the polyol component includes amine polyether polyols that can be prepared when an amine, such as ethylenediamine, diethylene triamine, tolylenediamine, diphenylmethanediamine, triethanolamine, or others, is reacted with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. In a modality aimed at spraying the foam formulation, the polyol component includes polyether polyols, thereby increasing the reactivity of the polyurethane composition. In one embodiment, polyether polyols are prepared by condensing phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of hydroxyl-containing amines such as diethanolamine, ethanolamine, and others.
    [0064] [0064] In one embodiment, the polyol component includes a simple high molecular weight polyether polyol. Additionally or alternatively, in one embodiment, mixtures of high molecular weight polyether polyols, such as mixtures of different multifunctional materials and / or different molecular weight or different chemical composition, are included in the polyol component.
    [0065] [0065] In one embodiment, the polyol component includes a polyester polyol produced when a dicarboxylic acid is reacted with an excess of a diol, for example, adipic acid, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride with ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol , propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or butanediol, or when a lactone is reacted with an excess of a diol, such as caprolactone with propylene glycol.
    [0066] [0066] The total amount of polyol, including mixtures thereof, can vary from about 10% to about 80%, about 20% to about 60% and about 30% to about 50% by weight of the pre -Mix.
    [0067] [0067] In one embodiment, the polyurethane composition includes improved foam kinetics when the premix is aged or thermo-aged (for example, aged allowing the premix to rest for a period of time and monitor activity periodically in order to determine the loss of activity, for example, by measuring the time increase in seconds to reach 80% of the maximum foam height (T) or thermo-aging by placing the premix in a heated and conditioned oven at 50 ° C for a certain time and measuring periodically loss of reactivity in the same way. These properties include, but are not limited to, a minimum change in time for maximum foaming speed when aging the premix in an oven at 50 ° C (for example, a ΔT of less than 5 seconds after 14 days storage at 50 ° C is acceptable).
    [0068] [0068] In one embodiment, the catalyst composition comprises a mixture of 10 to 50% by weight of tetramethylguanidine (for example, about 0.1 to about 1.5 pphp), combined with a tertiary amine catalyst with a reactive isocyanate group (for example, about 0.1 to about 3.0 pphp). The weight ratio of tetraalkylguanidine (e.g., tetramethylguanidine) to amine catalyst can vary from about 1 to about 9, about 1 to about 1 and in some cases about 1 to about 2. Suitable amine catalysts with reactive isocyanate groups include, but are not limited to, N, N-bis (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -N-isopropanolamine, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methyl ethanolamine, N, N, N'-trimethylaminopropyl ethanolamine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N, N-dimethyl-N ', N'-2-hydroxy (propyl) -1,3-propylenediamine, dimethylaminopropylamine, (N, N-dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, methylhydroxy-ethyl-piperazine, bis (N, N-dimethyl-3-aminopropyl) amine, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl urea, N, N'-bis (3-dimethylaminopropyl) urea, bis (dimethylamino) -2-propanol, N- (3-aminopropyl) imidazole), N- (2-hydroxypropyl) imidazole, and N- (2-hydroxyethyl) imidazole, 2- [N- (dimethylaminoethoxyethyl) -N-methylamino] ethanol, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methylN'-ethanol , dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, N, N, N'-trimethyl-N'-3-aminopropyl - bis (aminoethyl ) ether or combinations thereof.
    [0069] [0069] In another embodiment, the catalyst composition comprises a mixture of at least 10% of a tetraalkylguanidine, at least 10% of a tertiary amine catalyst with an isocyanate reactive group, and at least 10% of an amine catalyst tertiary without guanidine or an isocyanate reactive group (for example, 0.1 pphp). Suitable tertiary amine catalysts having no isocyanate reactive groups comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of dimethylcyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylmethylamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, bis (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -N, N-dimethylpropanediamine, N-hexadecyl , N-dimethylamine, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-isopropylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole and mixtures thereof.
    [0070] [0070] The catalyst composition may comprise about 0.1 pphp to about 10 pphp of the polyol premix, preferably the catalyst composition comprises about 0.5 pphp to about 6 pphp of the polyol premix (for example, about 0.3 to about 4% by weight of the premix).
    [0071] [0071] In one embodiment, the tertiary amine catalyst component is used in conjunction with a transition metal catalyst. For example, in one embodiment, the tertiary amine catalyst component is used with an organo-tin compound, tin (II) carboxylate salts, bismuth (III) carboxylate salts, or combinations thereof. Examples of metal catalysts such as organo-tin compounds or bismuth carboxylates can comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of dibutyltin dilaureate, dimethyl tin dilaureate, dimethyl tin diacetate, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurylcaptide, dibutyltine dturylcaptide, dibutyltin deatylmercaptide, dibutyltin deatylcaptide, dibutyltin deatylcaptide, dibutyltin deatylcaptide, dibutyltin deatylcaptide, dibutyltin deatylcaptide, dibutyltin deatylcaptide, dibutyltin deatylcaptide, dibutyltin deatylcaptide, dibutyltin deatyltinate. dimethyl tin diisooctylmaleate, dibutyltin diisooctylmaleate, dimethyl tin bi (2-tilhexyl mercaptacetate), dibutyltin bi, (2-tilhexyl mercaptacetate), stannous octate, other suitable organotin catalysts, or a combination of them. Other metals can also be included, such as, for example, bismuth (Bi). Suitable bismuth carboxylate salts include salts of pentanoic acid, neopentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl carboxylic acid, neohexanoic acid, octanoic acid, neooctanoic acid, heptanoic acid, neoheptanoic acid, nonanoic acid, neononic acid decanoic, neodecanoic acid, undecanoic acid, neoundecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, neododecanoic acid, and other suitable carboxylic acids. Other transition metal salts of lead (Pb), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) with pentanoic acid, neopentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl carboxylic acid, octanoic acid, neooctanoic acid, neoheptanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, neoundecanoic acid, neododecanoic acid, and other suitable carboxylic acids can also be included.
    [0072] [0072] In one embodiment, the tertiary amine catalyst component is used in conjunction with a trimer catalyst. For example, in one embodiment, the tertiary amine catalyst component is used with potassium carboxylate salts, ammonium carboxylate salts, or combinations thereof. Examples of trimer catalysts include potassium octoate, tetraalkylammonium carboxylates, and pivalate, acetate, or sodium or potassium octoate salts.
    [0073] [0073] The following Examples are provided to illustrate certain embodiments of the invention and do not limit the scope of the claims attached here. EXAMPLE 1 (comparative): Evaluation of formulations containing conventional amine catalysts in the presence of HFO as a trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene blowing agent in Formulation A
    [0074] [0074] Foams can be made according to methods known in the art using typical polyurethane formulations to which has been added a urethane catalyst comprising one or more tertiary alkyl amines. The amount of polyisocyanate used in the polyurethane formulations according to the invention is not limited, but will typically be within those ranges known to those of skill in the art. Exemplary ranges are given in the tables, indicated in reference to the "NCO Index" (isocyanate index). As is known in the art, the NCO index is defined as the number of isocyanate equivalents, divided by the total number of active hydrogen equivalents, multiplied by 100. The NCO index is represented by the following formula. NCO index = [NCO / (OH + NH)] X100
    [0075] [0075] In some embodiments of the invention, the catalyst composition can be combined in a package with one or more polyester polyols, and optionally with one or more blowing agents and / or other additives commonly used in the formation of polyurethane. Examples of these other optional components have been previously listed, and they do not affect the basic nature of the invention. Such mixtures can subsequently be combined with an organic isocyanate to form polyurethane foam, again optionally in the presence of other additives known in the art. In addition to making rigid spray foams, the invention can also be used to prepare other rigid foams that are commonly used for many industrial applications such as home appliances, laminated panels for construction and insulation. Table 1 - Formulation of Rigid Spray Foam A
    [0076] [0076] Table 1 above shows the typical rigid spray foam formulation A used to evaluate different catalysts. About 100 g of the premixture was added to a closed, plastic vessel and conditioned in an oven, in a sealed container, at 50 ° C for either 7 or 14 days. The samples were allowed to reach equilibrium at room temperature and then mixed with the corresponding amount of isocyanate, typically about 25g of polyol premix and 25g of isocyanate, under vigorous mechanical stirring provided by a mechanical mixing blade at about 3000 rpm. Foam formation was measured under sonar detection equipment (FOMAT model in V3.5 and standard software included with FOMAT equipment) and the chosen time was recorded for each case. Chosen times were measured in seconds and represents the time it takes each foam mass to reach 80% of the total height. T1 is recorded as the time chosen for a premix that was assembled and immediately foamed, and T2 is the time chosen after 7 days of conditioning at 50 ° C, and T3 is the time chosen after 14 days of conditioning at 50 ° C . ΔT is the drop in reactivity or the difference between T3 and T1. Under these conditions, a ΔT of less than 5 seconds is desired to have adequate system stability. As illustrated by the table below, the standard amine catalysts Polycat® 5 and Dabco® 33LX show a significant loss in reactivity under aging as evident by the high ΔT.
    [0077] [0077] In this example, tetramethyl guanidine is used as the unique amine catalyst in Formulation A described in Example 1 and is observed to exhibit poor stability when aged at 50 ° C for two weeks, with an ΔT of 9 seconds.
    [0078] [0078] In this example, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methyl ethanolamine, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, N- [2- [2- (Dimethylamino) ethoxy] ethyl] -N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, or combination of these catalysts , were used as the exclusive amine catalyst in Formulation A described in Example 1 in the absence of tetramethylguanidine and observed to exhibit poor stability when aged at 50 ° C for two weeks, with an ΔT of> 5 seconds.
    [0079] [0079] In this example N- [2- [2- (Dimethylamino) ethoxy] ethyl] -N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine was used in combination with tetramethylguanidine in Formulation A described in Example 1 and unexpectedly observed to exhibit improved stability when aged at 50 ° C for two weeks, with an ΔT of <5 seconds.
    [0080] [0080] In this example, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methyl ethanolamine is used in combination with tetramethylguanidine in Formulation A described in Example 1 and may exhibit improved stability when aged at 50 ° C for two weeks, with an ΔT of < 5 seconds.
    [0081] [0081] In this example, Dimethylaminoethoxyethanol is used in combination with [2,4,6-Tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol] with tetramethylguanidine in Formulation A described in Example 1 and may exhibit improved stability when aged at 50 ° C for two weeks, with an ΔT of <5 seconds.
    [0082] [0082] In this example, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol was used in combination with tetramethylguanidine and a third amine catalyst 1,2-dimethylimidazole in Formulation A described in Example 1 and unexpectedly observed to exhibit improved stability when aged at 50 ° C for two weeks, with an ΔT of <5 seconds.
    [0083] [0083] Formulation B shown in Table 2 is representative of a rigid spray foam formulation containing an amine catalyst component and a metal catalyst component. Table 2 - Formulation of Rigid Spray Foam B
    [0084] [0084] About 100 g of the premixture was added to a plastic vessel, closed, and conditioned in an oven at 50 ° C for either 7 or 14 days. The samples were allowed to reach equilibrium at room temperature and then mixed with the corresponding amount of isocyanate, typically about 25g of polyol premix and 25g of isocyanate, under vigorous mechanical stirring provided by a mechanical mixing blade at about 3000 rpm . Foam formation was measured under sonar detection equipment (FOMAT model in V3.5 and standard software included with FOMAT equipment) and the chosen time was recorded for each case. Chosen times were measured in seconds and represents the time it takes each foam mass to reach 80% of the total height. T1 is recorded as the time chosen for a premix that was assembled and immediately foamed, and T2 is the time chosen after 7 days of conditioning at 50 ° C, and T3 is the time chosen after 14 days of conditioning at 50 ° C . ΔT is the drop in reactivity or the difference between T3 and T1. Under these conditions, a ΔT of less than 5 seconds is desired to have adequate system stability. In this example, the amine catalyst is a mixture of 55% trisdimethylaminopropylamine, 25% N-hexadecyl, N, N-dimethylamine, and 20% pentamethyldiethyltriamine, and the metal catalyst is dibutylstannhodiluaralmercaptide. This mixture is not inventive since it does not contain a tetraalkylguanidine component, nor does it contain a tertiary amine with an isocyanate reactive group. As illustrated by the table below, this catalyst combination shows a significant loss in reactivity under aging as evident by the high ΔT of 30 seconds.
    [0085] [0085] Formulation B was also evaluated on a larger scale by machine spraying to obtain the correct correlation data from the FOMAT reactivity assessment (ΔT or increase in the time it takes the foam to reach 80% of maximum height) and the performance of the actual foam formulation as typically applied in commercial applications.
    [0086] [0086] To conduct machine spray evaluations, all components of the polyol premix shown in Table 2 for Formulation B were mixed in an 18.9 liter (5 gallon) metal bucket and mixed for several minutes with an air mixer. Spray evaluations were conducted using Graco-HVR equipment at 23ºC and 40% of relative humidity conditions. All formulations were sprayed using a Graco pistol equipped with an AR4242 mixing chamber. The machine chamber and hose temperatures were adjusted to 51.7ºC (125º F) and the dynamic pressure was kept constant between 8.3-10.3 MPa (1200-1500 psig). The formulations were sprayed in 3 passes approximately 1 inch thick each on 19 x 19 cm2 (2 x 2 ft2) square cardboard fastened with screws to a wooden pallet structure horizontal to the floor. Reactivity measurements were conducted by spraying a small amount into a bucket and using a wooden tongue depressor to measure cream time, chain gel time, and stickiness-free time (according to the reactivity measurements method described below) ). These spray experiments were conducted in triplicate and the average for each sample recorded. Initial reactivity measurements were conducted on the same day that the polyol premix was formulated. Reactivity measurements in aged samples were prepared by pleating the 18.9 liter (5 gallon) bucket with pleat with the fully formulated polyol premix and placing the bucket in an oven at 50 ° C for 2 weeks. The polyol premix was then allowed to return to room temperature before spraying.
    [0087] [0087] Cream time is the amount of time it takes the sprayed liquid to start reacting and foaming on the substrate, measured in seconds. The cream time of a spray foam formulation is preferably between 0.2 and 3 seconds. If the cream time is too long, the formulation will not have adequate viscosity to remain in the desired place and may fall or escape out or under the substrate. The gel chain time is measured as the time it takes (in seconds) for the sprayed liquid to react enough that the liquid starts to gel, and a polymeric chain can be pulled out of the foaming mass by touching it with a tongue depressor and separating of the foam. It is preferable that the chain gel time is between 4 seconds and 15 seconds. If the chain gel time is less than 4 seconds, the foaming mass can gel before being raised, creating pressure on the foam. If the chain gel time is longer than 15 seconds, the foaming mass may sag or fall on itself if the polymerization reaction has not progressed to the point where the foam can support its own weight. The tack-free time is the time (in seconds) it takes for the sprayed liquid to react to the point where the foam mass will no longer adhere to a tongue depressor when slightly tapped on the foam surface. The tack-free time is preferably between 5 and 20 seconds.
    [0088] [0088] The results in the table below illustrate the significant drop in the reactivity of the comparative system after storage at 50 ° C for two weeks.
    [0089] [0089] In this inventive example, the amine catalyst is a mixture of dimethylaminoethoxyethanol (a tertiary amine catalyst with a reactive isocyanate group), tetramethylguanidine (a tetraalkylguanidine), and the tertiary amine catalyst 1,2-dimethyl imidazole. The catalyst composition additionally comprises the diethylene glycol diluent. A metal cocatalyst is also used in this example, and is a combination of the potassium pivalate salt and bismuth neodecanoate.
    [0090] [0090] The ΔT, or the change in the time it took the foam to reach 80% of the maximum height after storage for 2 weeks at 50 ° C, is shown in the table below. This catalyst combination shows good reactivity stability with an ΔT of less than 5 seconds.
    [0091] [0091] This inventive catalyst composition was also evaluated in Formulation B by machine spraying by the method described in Example 8. The cream time, chain gel time, and stickiness-free time were all measured and the initial reactivity compared with that of the system stored at 50 ° C for two weeks. The results shown in the table below confirm that the inventive catalyst composition exhibits greater stability than Comparative Example 8.
    [0092] [0092] Although the invention has been described with reference to certain aspects, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes can be made and equivalents can be replaced by elements of the same without abandoning the scope of the invention. The various aspects described here can be used alone or in single or multiple combinations with each other. In addition, many modifications can be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without abandoning its essential scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention is not limited to the particular modality disclosed as the best contemplated way to carry out this invention, but that the invention will include all modalities and their combinations that fall within the scope of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [0001]
    Polyol premix composition, characterized by the fact that it comprises at least one halogenated blowing agent, at least one polyol, water, and a catalyst composition comprising at least 10% tetraalkylguanidine and 10 to 90% in weight of one or more of a tertiary amine catalyst with an isocyanate reactive group, wherein the halogenated blowing agent contains a hydrohalo-olefin.
    [0002]
    Polyol premix according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrohaloolefin blowing agent comprises trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.
    [0003]
    Premix composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the amine with an isocyanate reactive group comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of N, N-bis (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -N-isopropanolamine , N, N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methyl ethanolamine, N, N, N'-trimethylaminopropyl ethanolamine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, N, N-dimethyl-N ', N'-2-hydroxy (propyl) -1, 3-propylenediamine, dimethylaminopropylamine, (N, N-dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, methylhydroxy-ethyl-piperazine, bis (N, N-dimethyl-3-aminopropyl) amine, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl urea, N, N'-bis (3-dimethylaminopropyl) urea, bis (dimethylamino) -2-propanol, N- (3-aminopropyl) imidazole), N- (2-hydroxypropyl) imidazole, and N- (2-hydroxyethyl) imidazole, 2- [N- (dimethylaminoethoxyethyl) -N-methylamino] ethanol, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methyl-N'-ethanol, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, N, N, N'-trimethyl-N'-3-aminopropyl-bis (aminoethyl) ether or combinations thereof.
    [0004]
    Premix composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalyst composition additionally comprises from 10 to 80% by weight of a tertiary amine catalyst which does not have an isocyanate reactive group.
    [0005]
    Premix composition according to claim 4, characterized in that the tertiary amine catalyst that does not have a reactive isocyanate group is 1,2-dimethylimidazole.
    [0006]
    Premix composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises equal amounts of tetramethylguanidine, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, and a 70% solution by weight of 1,2-dimethylimidazole in a glycol.
    [0007]
    Premix composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalyst composition comprises equal amounts of tetramethylguanidine and N, N-dimethylaminoethyl-N'-methyl ethanolamine.
    [0008]
    Premix composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one metal catalyst.
    [0009]
    Premix according to claim 8, characterized in that the metal catalyst comprises at least one organo-tin compound, or a carboxylate complex of one or more of potassium, bismuth or sodium.
    [0010]
    Premix composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalyst comprises from 0.1 to 10% of the polyol premix composition.
    [0011]
    Foaming method, characterized in that it comprises contacting the premix composition as defined in claim 1 with at least one isocyanate.
    [0012]
    Foam, characterized by the fact that it is obtained by the method as defined in claim 11.
    [0013]
    Method for improving the stability of a polyol premix, characterized in that it comprises at least one halogenated blowing agent, at least one polyol, water, and a catalyst composition comprising at least 10% tetraalkylguanidine and 10 to 90% by weight of one or more of a tertiary amine catalyst with an isocyanate reactive group, wherein the halogenated blowing agent contains a hydrohalo-olefin.
    [0014]
    Use of tetraalkylguanidine, characterized by the fact that it is to improve the stability of a polyol premix composition comprising at least one halogenated blowing agent, at least one polyol, water, and a catalyst composition comprising at least 10 % tetraalkylguanidine and 10 to 90% by weight of one or more of a tertiary amine catalyst with an isocyanate reactive group, wherein the halogenated blowing agent contains a hydrohalo-olefin.
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    法律状态:
    2018-03-06| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2018-03-13| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2018-03-20| B06I| Publication of requirement cancelled [chapter 6.9 patent gazette]|Free format text: ANULADA A PUBLICACAO CODIGO 6.6.1 NA RPI NO 2462 DE 13/03/2018 POR TER SIDO INDEVIDA. |
    2018-10-23| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: EVONIK DEGUSSA GMBH (DE) |
    2019-11-26| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-05-12| B25D| Requested change of name of applicant approved|Owner name: EVONIK OPERATIONS GMBH (DE) |
    2021-02-09| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-03-23| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 24/10/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201261717690P| true| 2012-10-24|2012-10-24|
    US61/717,690|2012-10-24|
    US13/951,958|2013-07-26|
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    PCT/US2013/066541|WO2014066596A1|2012-10-24|2013-10-24|Amine catalyst for improving the stability of polyurethane systems having halogen containing blowing agents|
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