• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    hypereutectoid steel rail and its method of preparation. the present invention discloses a method for preparing the hypereutectoid steel rail, in which the composition of the billets adopted is: c: 0.86 to 1.05% by weight; si: 0.3 to 1% by weight; min: 0.5 to 1.3% by weight; cr: 0.15 to 0.35% by weight; cu: 0.3 to 0.5% by weight; p: 0.02 to 0.04% by weight; s: ? 0.02% by weight; ni: 1/2 to 2/3 cu content; at least one of v, nb and re; fe and unavoidable impurities from the rest. the present invention further provides a hypereutectoid steel rail prepared by the method described above. by the method of preparing hypereutectoid steel rail provided by the present invention, billets with high carbon content with a specific composition provided by the present invention can be made into the hypereutectoid steel rails with good corrosion resistance and good tensile properties.
    公开号:BR102016018397B1
    申请号:R102016018397-9
    申请日:2016-08-09
    公开日:2021-07-13
    发明作者:Zhenyu Han；Ming Zou；Hua Guo；Yuan Wang；Dadong Li；Yong Deng；Jun Yuan；Chunjian WANG；Jihai JIA
    申请人:Pangang Group Panzhihua Iron & Steel Research Institute Co., Ltd.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [001] The present invention relates to a hypereutectoid steel rail and its method of preparation. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [002] The rapid development of rail transport sets higher requirements for the service performance of steel rail, freight rail and special heavy-duty rail in particular. Following the continual increase in axle weight, traffic density and gross loading weight, the steel rail service environment tends to be harsh. In particular, curved sections with a small radius are the most affected, wear on steel rails is severe and some steel rails have to be replaced in less than a year after service, which severely restricts rail transport efficiency. The rail industry has an urgent need for better performing steel rail products. However, in coastal areas and in wet tunnels, steel rails also face the problem of rapid corrosion. The interaction between the gasket and the rail flange, as well as the ballast bed, results in the formation of blocky or stippled corrosion spots on the rail flange. Under the repeated tensioning action of the wheels, the corrosion points are rapidly extended towards the rail web and the rail billet, thus resulting in rail crack rupture, which endangers traffic safety. So, the trend towards long-lasting, low-maintenance railroad development requires steel rails to have multiple properties such as wear resistance, contact fatigue, brittle breakage and corrosion resistance. This indicates from research that the corrosion resistance of steel rails can typically be improved by the following three methods: First, by applying a corrosion resistant material to the surface layer, an insulating substrate layer has been artificially covered in the steel rail surface layer to prevent contact of the rail substrate with air or other media and to improve the corrosion resistance of the rail; second, improving rail corrosion resistance through sacrificial anode; third, addition of Cu, Cr, Ni and other corrosion resistant elements to the general carbon steel rail to increase the corrosion resistance of the rail substrate. At the moment, research into the third method is more urgent. Document No. CN101818312A discloses corrosion resistant reinforced rail steel with good rigidity, good fatigue resistance and good corrosion resistance. Weight percentage composition of alloy elements in basic alloy system: C: 0.55% ~ 0.72%, Si: 0.35% ~ 1.1%, Mn: 0.7 ~ 1.40%, Cr: 0.2% ~ 0.65%, Cu: 0.2% ~ 0.65%, remainder: Fe. Based on the above basic composition, a microalloy element, or a plurality of them, Nb, V, Ti , Ni and Mo, is added, where Nb: 0.01% ~ 0.055%, V: 0.05% ~ 0.10%, Ti: 0.001% ~ 0.05%; Ni: 0.1% ~ 0.3%, Mo: 0.15% ~ 0.3%. This patent application addresses the problem of stiffness, fatigue resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of low or ultra-low carbon steel. For example, the tensile strength is about 1,100 MPa and the corrosion rate is about 2 g/m2*h. However, the rail disclosed in the above patent application can hardly meet the transport requirements of heavy axle weight and high traffic volume reinforced tow rail, and is not applicable to the performance improvement of steel and other rails with high carbon steel content. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hypereutectoid steel rail that has an element composition applicable to the rail with a high content of carbon steel and that can acquire good corrosion resistance, as well as a method of preparing such rail.
    [004] In order to accomplish the above objective, the present invention provides a method for preparing a hypereutectoid steel rail comprising:
    [005] Roll a billet, after temperature maintenance treatment, to obtain a steel rail, implement natural cooling until the rail billet surface temperature is reduced to 750-850 °C, carry out the first stage of cooling by adopting a cooling means to reduce the rail billet surface temperature to 350-550 °C and then perform the second stage of cooling by air cooling to reduce the rail billet surface temperature to 15-40 °C, where,
    [006] The composition of the billet is: C: 0.86 to 1.05% by weight; Si: 0.3 to 1% by weight; Mn: 0.5 to 1.3% by weight; Cr: 0.15 to 0.35% by weight; Cu: 0.3 to 0.5% by weight; P: 0.02 to 0.04% by weight; S: 0.02% by weight; Ni: 1/2 to 2/3 Cu content; at least one of V, Nb and Re; Fe and unavoidable impurities from the rest; under the condition that there is at least one of V, Nb and Re, the V content is 0% or 0.04 to 0.12% by weight, the Nb content is 0% or 0.02 to 0.06 % by weight and the content of Re is 0 to 0.05 % by weight.
    [007] The present invention additionally provides a hypereutectoid steel rail prepared by the method described above.
    [008] By the hypereutectoid steel rail preparation method provided by the present invention, the high carbon billet, with a specific composition, can become a hypereutectoid steel rail with good corrosion resistance and good tensile properties. For example, the corrosion rate in a 0.05 mol/L NaHSOa solution is 1.48 g/m2-h or less, the corrosion rate in a 2% by weight NaCl solution is 1 g/m2 'h or less, tensile strength can be 1350 MPa or above and elongation can be 9% or above. Particularly, hypereutectoid steel rails, with a microscopic structure of perlite + traces of secondary cementite, can be obtained.
    [009] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the subsequent embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF MODALITIES
    [010] According to this document, the embodiments of the present invention will be specified in detail. It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are provided solely to describe and explain the present invention, but are not to be construed as constituting any limitation to the present invention.
    [011] The present invention provides a method for preparing a hypereutectoid steel rail comprising:
    [012] Roll a billet, after temperature maintenance treatment, to obtain a steel rail, implement natural cooling until the rail billet surface temperature is reduced to 750-850 °C, perform the first stage of cooling by adopting a cooling means to reduce the rail billet surface temperature to 350-550 °C and then perform the second stage of cooling by air cooling to reduce the rail billet surface temperature to 15 -40 °C, where
    [013] The composition of the billet is: C: 0.86 to 1.05% by weight; Si: 0.3 to 1% by weight; Mn: 0.5 to 1.3% by weight; Cr: 0.15 to 0.35% by weight; Cu: 0.3 to 0.5% by weight; P: 0.02 to 0.04% by weight; S: 0.02% by weight; Ni: 1/2 to 2/3 Cu content; at least one of V, Nb and Re; Fe and unavoidable impurities from the rest; under the condition that there is at least one of V, Nb and Re, the V content is 0% or 0.04 to 0.12% by weight, the Nb content is 0% or 0.02 to 0.06 % by weight, and the content of Re is 0 to 0.05 % by weight.
    [014] According to the present invention, the inventor of the present invention found that, when the component content of the billet is controlled in the above composition range, a hypereutectoid steel rail with good corrosion resistance and good tensile property can be obtained by the cooling method provided in the method of the present invention. Preferably, in billet, the C content is 0.9 to 1.05% by weight, the Si content is 0.4 to 1% by weight, the Mn content is 0.8 to 1.3% by weight and the P content is 0.025 to 0.04% by weight.
    [015] According to the present invention, the billet contains at least one among V, Nb and Re, preferably one among V, Nb and Re. When the billet contains one of V, Nb and Re, the billet contains 0.04 to 0.12% by weight of V, or 0.02 to 0.06% by weight of Nb or 0.01 to 0.05% by weight of Re.
    [016] According to the present invention, the billet containing the composition described above can be obtained by a conventional method in the field. For example, molten steel containing the composition described above is melted in a converter or an electric furnace, it is continuously shaped into blocks through external refinement and vacuum degassing treatment, and the blocks are sent to a heating furnace. for heating and temperature maintenance, in order to obtain the billet of the present invention, after the temperature maintenance treatment. The specific process is not described in detail here.
    [017] According to the present invention, through the treatment by maintaining temperature, the billet can be heated to the appropriate temperature for lamination. For example, through temperature maintenance treatment, billet can be heated to 1,200 to 1,300 °C. There is no particular limitation on temperature maintenance treatment, as long as such a temperature can be reached. Preferably, temperature maintenance treatment conditions include: a temperature of 1200 to 1300 °C, a time of 2 to 4 h.
    [018] According to the present invention, the groove rolling method or the universal rolling method can be adopted to roll a billet after the temperature maintenance treatment to obtain a steel rail, thus a subsequent cooling can be conducted. There is no special limitation on rolling conditions as long as the necessary steel rail can be obtained. For example, billet is rolled onto a steel rail with a unit weight of 60 to 75 kg/m.
    [019] According to the present invention, after the lamination described above, the rail temperature is lowered, somewhat. For example, after the billet is rolled, after temperature maintenance treatment, at a temperature of 1200-1300 °C, a steel rail with rail billet surface temperature of 900-1000 °C can be obtained. The rail billet surface temperature of such steel rail is reduced to 750-850 °C by natural cooling and then the first subsequent cooling stage is conducted. If the temperature is reduced to above 850 °C by natural cooling, then, in the first subsequent cooling stage, the rail billet surface temperature is rapidly reduced due to direct contact of the cooling medium; in comparison, since the rail billet core is subjected to heat transfer from the surface layer and only a certain depth from the rail billet, its temperature will be reduced as well, but more slowly than that of the surface. Particularly, in the phase change process, the rail billet surface releases latent phase change heat, which results in a small phase change degree of supercooling of the rail billet core and rupture in realization of uniformity and unity of performance in the cross section of the rail billet; when the temperature is reduced to below 750 °C by natural cooling, then, in the first subsequent cooling stage, the rail billet surface is rapidly cooled to the phase change temperature in the initial period of accelerated cooling. Since the degree of supercooling is large, bainite, martensite and other abnormal tissues need to be generated, which leads to track scraping. Then, in the present invention, the rail is naturally cooled, until the rail billet surface temperature is reduced to 750 °C-850 °C first, preferably to 780-850 °C, more preferably to 800-840 °C .
    [020] According to the present invention, the first stage of cooling is a process of using a cooling medium to reduce the rail billet surface temperature to 350-550 °C, at a preferred speed of 1 to 5 °C/s, where, when the cooling speed is greater than 5 °C/s, since the degree of supercooling is large, bainite, martensite and other abnormal tissues need to be generated, which leads to rail rejection; when the cooling speed is less than 1 °C/s, the rail cannot achieve a fine crystal resistance effect through its insufficient cooling, thus, it is unable to achieve the required superior performance.
    [021] According to the present invention, there is no particular limitation to the way of using the cooling medium, as long as the necessary effect of the present invention can be obtained. For example, the first stage of cooling comprises applying the cooling medium to the top surface and side surfaces of the rail billet. The preferred cooling medium is compressed air and/or gas mixed with water vapor.
    [022] According to the present invention, the first stage of cooling reduces the rail billet surface temperature to 350 to 550 °C. The reason for the reduction at such temperature is: when the first stage of cooling reduces the rail billet surface temperature to above 550 °C, the phase change in the rail billet core has yet to be completed. If accelerated cooling is stopped at the moment, the rail billet core will obtain a coarse pearlite microstructure as well as a large amount of secondary cementite; when the first stage of cooling reduces the rail billet surface temperature to below 350 °C, the phase change in the entire rail billet cross section is complete, and continued accelerated cooling no longer has an important meaning. Then, the first stage of cooling reduces the rail billet surface temperature to 350 °C-550 °C. Preferably, the first stage of cooling reduces the rail billet surface temperature to 350-500 °C, more preferably to 400-450 °C.
    [023] According to the present invention, after the first stage of cooling is completed, the second stage of cooling can be started by the air cooling method to reduce the rail billet surface temperature to 15-40 °C ( room temperature). Air cooling is a cooling method that adopts an air cooler and uses ambient air as a cooling medium.
    [024] According to the present invention, the rail obtained by the method described above will become a finished rail after horizontal and vertical composite alignment.
    [025] The present invention additionally provides a hypereutectoid steel rail prepared by the method described above.
    [026] It should be understood that the hypereutectoid steel rail provided by the present invention has a composition identical to that of the previously described billet. Additionally, through the method provided by the present invention, a hypereutectoid steel rail with good corrosion resistance and good tensile properties can be obtained. For example, the corrosion rate in a 0.05 mol/L NaHSCb solution is 1.48 g/m2-h or less, the corrosion rate in a 2% by weight NaCl solution is 1 g/m2 *h or less, tensile strength can be 1350 MPa or above and elongation can be 9% or above. Particularly, a hypereutectoid steel rail with a microscopic structure of perlite + traces of secondary cementite can be obtained.
    [027] Below, the present invention is described in detail, with reference to the modalities.
    [028] The billet composition adopted in the following examples is shown in Table 1. The billet composition adopted in the comparative examples is shown in Table 2. Except for the elements in Table 1 and Table 2, the remainder is Fe and unavoidable impurities :
    [029] Table 1


    [030] Table 2

    [031] Note: 9# is the composition of U75V steel rail in Chinese railway standard and 10# is the composition of U71Mn in Chinese railway standard.
    [032] Examples 1 to 10
    [033] The examples are intended to illustrate the hypereutectoid steel rail and its method of preparation provided by the present invention.
    [034] The temperature of billets 1# ~ 10# in Table 1 is maintained in a heating oven at 1200 °C for 3 h, respectively, to obtain billets with a surface temperature of 1200 °C. After temperature maintenance, the billets are rolled onto 60 kg/m steel rails with a finish rolling temperature (surface temperature, after rolling completion) of 910 °C. Upon completion of rolling, the steel rails are naturally cooled until the rail billet surface temperature is 805°C. The cooling medium, which is gas mixed with water vapor, is applied to the top surface and the two side surfaces of the rail billet so that the steel rails undergo the first stage of cooling at a cooling speed of 2 .5 °C/s, to reduce the rail billet surface temperature to 410 °C. Then, the steel rails are air cooled to about 20 °C. After horizontal and vertical composite alignment, Al to AIO steel rails are obtained.
    [035] Comparative Examples 1 to 10
    [036] According to the method described in example 1, but the difference is that the 1# to 10# billets shown in Table 2 are adopted to replace the 1# billet shown in Table 1, respectively, to obtain the steel rails D1 to D10.
    [037] Test Example
    [038] The performance of steel rails Al to AIO and DI to D10, prepared in examples 1 to 10 and in comparative examples 1 to 10, is inspected by the following method:
    [039] Tensile properties of steel rails are determined in accordance with China National Standard GB/T228.1 to 2010 <Metallic Material Tensile Testing at Ambient Temperature>. The determined Rm (tensile strength) and the % A (elongation) are shown in Table 3.
    [040] According to China National Standard GB/T 13298 to 1991 <Metal - Inspection Method of Microstructure>, MeF3 optical microscope is adopted to determine the microstructure of steel rail. The result is shown in Table 3.
    [041] The accelerated corrosion and cyclic immersion test is done by simulating acidity in the atmosphere and in the marine environment. The following parameters are defined. Corrosion products on the sample surface are removed in accordance with China National Standard GB/T 16545 to 1996. The corrosion rate is calculated with the Formula rCOrr=m/ (Axt) , where m is mass loss , the unit is g; A is the surface area of the sample, the unit is m2; t is the corrosion time, the unit is h. The result is shown in Table 3. The parameters defined in the accelerated corrosion and cyclic immersion test, which simulates the acidity in the atmosphere and in the marine environment, are as follows:
    [042] Φ Temperature: 45 ±2 °C
    [043] (2) Humidity: 70 ±5% RH
    [044] (3) First cycle time: 60 ±3 min., which includes 12 ±1.5 min. immersion time
    [045] (4) Cycle period: 100 times
    [046] (§) Maximum temperature on the sample surface after cooking: 70 ±10 °C
    [047] (6) Solution:
    [048] Acid atmosphere of atmosphere: aqueous solution of 0.05 mol/L of NaHSCb;
    [049] Marine environment: 2% by weight of aqueous NaCl solution.
    [050] After the test is completed, the sample is removed, washed with running water, air dried overnight and weighted.
    [051] Table 3


    [052] Note: P+FemC2 (dash) refers to pearlite + secondary cementite traces, P+F (trace) refers to pearlite + ferrite traces, and P refers to pearlite.
    [053] The results of the test described above indicate that the hypereutectoid steel rail prepared by the method provided by the present invention has a good microstructure, a good tensile strength, a suitable elongation and excellent corrosion resistance. For example, the corrosion rate in a 0.05 mol/L NaHSOa solution is 1.48 g/m2'h or less (preferably 1 to 1.3 g/m2>h), the corrosion rate in a 2% by weight NaCl solution is 1 g/m2 ,h or less (preferably 0.6 to 0.9 g/m2*h), the tensile strength can be 1350 MPa or above (preferably 1360 to 1460 MPa) and the elongation can be 9% or above (preferably 10 to 12%). Particularly, a hypereutectoid steel rail with a microscopic structure of perlite + traces of secondary cementite can be obtained. Particularly, the strength of the steel rail obtained is higher than the strength of existing U75V and U71Mn heat treated steel rails and can meet heavy load railway service requirements, particularly curved sections with a small radius.
    [054] The described and illustrated modalities should be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, in that it should be understood that only the specific modalities, according to the invention, have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications are desired which fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims are protected. It should be understood that while the use of words such as "preferred", "preferably", "preferred" or "most preferred" in the description suggests that a feature so described may be desirable, it may nevertheless not be necessary, and the embodiments lacking such recourse may be seen as falling within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. With respect to claims, it is intended that when words such as "a,""a,""at least one," or "a" are used to introduce an appeal, it is not intended to limit the claim to only such recourse, unless otherwise specifically stated in the claim.
    [055] Above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the concrete details of the embodiments described above. Within the scope of the art design of the present invention, the art scheme of the present invention may have several simple modifications. All of them must be within the scope of protection of the present invention.
    [056] In addition, it should be noted that the concrete features of the technique described in the modalities described above can be combined in any appropriate way, provided there is no conflict. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, all possible combinations of the present invention are not described separately.
    [057] Additionally, the embodiments of the present invention may be freely combined, provided that such combinations do not meet the thinking of the present invention. Likewise, they should also be considered as the content disclosed by the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [0001]
    1. Method for preparing a hypereutectoid steel rail characterized by the fact that it comprises: Rolling a billet after the temperature maintenance treatment to obtain a steel rail, implementing natural cooling until the surface temperature of the rail billet is reduced to 750-850 °C, perform the first stage of cooling by adopting a cooling means to reduce the rail billet surface temperature to 350-550 °C and then perform the second stage of cooling by air cooling to reduce the rail billet surface temperature to 15-40 °C, where the billet composition is as follows, and the remaining content of each billet is iron (Fe) and unavoidable impurities: - Billet 1#: C is 0.87% by weight, Si is 0.58% by weight, Mn is 1.08% by weight, P is 0.028% by weight, S is 0.019% by weight, Cr is 0.27% by weight, Cu is 0.33% by weight, Ni is 0.20% by weight and V is 0.09% by weight; - Billet 2#: C is 0.93% by weight, Si is 0.46% by weight, Mn is 1.3% by weight, P is 0.039% by weight, S is 0.009% by weight, Cr is 0. 35% by weight, Cu is 0.48% by weight, Ni is 0.26% by weight and V is 0.12% by weight; - Billet 3#: C is 0.86% by weight, Si is 1.00 by weight, Mn is 0.61 by weight, P is 0.040% by weight, S is 0.020% by weight, Cr is 0.22% by weight Cu is 0.50% by weight, Ni is 0.33% by weight and V is 0.04% by weight; - Billet 4#: C is 0.98% by weight, Si is 0.67% by weight, Mn is 0.59% by weight, P is 0.030% by weight, S is 0.008% by weight, Cr is 0, 31% by weight, Cu is 0.39% by weight, Ni is 0.24% by weight and Nb is 0.06% by weight; - Billet 5#: C is 0.95% by weight, Si is 0.3% by weight, Mn is 0.73% by weight, P is 0.022% by weight, S is 0.006% by weight, Cr is 0. 19% by weight, Cu is 0.42% by weight, Ni is 0.29% by weight and Nb is 0.04% by weight; Billet 6#: C is 0.99% by weight, Si is 0.79% by weight, Mn is 0.84% by weight, P is 0.025% by weight, S is 0.011% by weight, Cr is 0.15% by weight Cu is 0.3% by weight, Ni is 0.18% by weight and Nb is 0.02% by weight; Billet 7#: C is 1.02% by weight, Si is 0.93% by weight, Mn is 0.95% by weight, P is 0.037% by weight, S is 0.007% by weight, Cr is 0.30 % by weight, Cu is 0.37% by weight, Ni is 0.22% by weight and Re 0.050% by weight; Billet 8#: C is 1.05% by weight, Si is 0.81% by weight, Mn is 1.25% by weight, P is 0.038% by weight, S is 0.016% by weight, Cr is 0.26 % by weight, Cu is 0.39% by weight, Ni is 0.26% by weight and Re is 0.024% by weight; Billet 9#: C is 1.00% by weight, Si is 0.62% by weight, Mn is 1.17% by weight, P is 0.028% by weight, S is 0.018% by weight, Cr is 0.28 % by weight, Cu is 0.44% by weight, Ni is 0.28% by weight and Re is 0.038% by weight; 10# billet: C is 0.91% by weight, Ni is 0.97 by weight, Mn is 0.5% by weight, P is 0.02% by weight, S is 0.013% by weight, Cr is 0. 17% by weight, Cu is 0.41% by weight, Ni is 0.25% by weight and Re is 0.005% by weight.
    [0002]
    2. Method of preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that natural cooling reduces the rail billet surface temperature to 780-850 °C.
    [0003]
    3. Method of preparation according to claim 2, characterized in that natural cooling reduces the rail billet surface temperature to 800-840 °C.
    [0004]
    4. Method of preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first stage of cooling reduces the rail billet surface temperature to 350-500 °C.
    [0005]
    5. Method of preparation according to claim 4, characterized in that the first stage of cooling reduces the rail billet surface temperature to 400-450 °C.
    [0006]
    6. Method of preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cooling speed of the first cooling stage is 1-5 °C/s.
    [0007]
    7. Method of preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first stage of cooling comprises applying the cooling medium to the upper surface and the side surfaces of the rail, and the cooling medium is air compressed and/or gas mixed with water vapor.
    [0008]
    8. Hypereutectoid steel rail characterized in that it is prepared by the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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    法律状态:
    2017-02-14| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
    2019-10-15| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-06-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-07-13| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 09/08/2016, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CN201510487942.1|2015-08-11|
    CN201510487942.1A|CN105018705B|2015-08-11|2015-08-11|A kind of hypereutectoid rail and preparation method thereof|
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