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    • 专利摘要:
    PNEUMATIC WITH COVERAGE OF MULTIPLE TRAILING BANDS. A tread for a tire according to the present invention includes a tread base layer, a first tread cover layer radially outside the radially out of the tread base layer, a second layer of tread. tread cover radially out of the tread base layer and both radially out and axially adjacent to the first tread cover layer, a third intermediate layer radially between the tread base layer and the first and second layers of tread cover. The first tread cover layer has a protrusion that extends radially inward and to the third intermediate layer more than a main body of the first tread cover layer and the second tread cover layer thereby allowing the first tread cover layer to provide the general tread with improved performance characteristics after the main body of the first tread cover layer and the second (...).
    公开号:BR102014025872B1
    申请号:R102014025872-8
    申请日:2014-10-16
    公开日:2020-12-15
    发明作者:Malik Djelloul-Mazouz；Pascal Patrick Steiner；Julien Dominique Gilbert Majerus；Olivier Francis Bindner；Bruno Pierre Maitre
    申请人:The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [001] Pneumatics are traditionally built by applying an external homogeneous tread material over a support frame structure and vulcanizing the resulting composite structure. An external die matrix is molded or otherwise provided in the outer portions of this homogeneous tread material to provide traction as well as other desirable characteristics.
    [002] Certain tread compounds provide better traction than others. Also, certain tread compounds provide better rolling resistance than others. Although a tire that has both low rolling resistance and a maximum amount of traction is desirable, a tread compound that provides good rolling resistance in a tire may not generally provide a maximum amount of traction and a tread compound. that provides a maximum amount of traction may not provide as low rolling resistance as may be desired.
    [003] Tires having a tread / tread comprised of a silica-rich rubber composition, although sometimes desirable to impart various physical properties to the tire's tread, such as reduced rolling resistance and adequate traction , may be disadvantageous due to the relatively high ratio of silica to carbon black in the reinforcing filler content. Such high silica / carbon black ratios represent a significant increase in the cost of the silica-rich tread in terms of increased material cost (the silica) and increased cost of processing the silica-rich rubber composition. In addition, such a silica-rich tread rubber, with its minimal carbon black content, can have a relatively low electrical conductivity and can therefore be electrically resistant to conducting static electrical charge from the tread of tire to the ground.
    [004] An increased electrical conductivity path for a tread rich in silica can be provided, for example, by positioning a strip of a carbon black rich rubber composition as a thin covering strip over a portion of the surface of tread tread or as a thin, non-load-bearing strip extending across the tread body to its tread surface. Such methods add both cost and complexity to the tire itself and the tire manufacturing procedure.
    [005] Some tire treads have a cover / base construction, with the tread cover designed to be in contact with the ground with a notch / shoulder configuration, and with the underlying tread base and supporting the tread cover and positioned between the tread cover and the tire belt / casing structure. The tread base is not intended to be in contact with the ground and therefore does not normally intend to have the same tread properties as, for example, the desired tread cover and tread wear properties Shooting.
    [006] Although the tread cover, in a base construction / tread cover, can be designed to be in contact with the ground and therefore provide traction in combination with rolling resistance and tread wear acceptable tread, the underlying tread base can be designed to serve a totally different function and not be designed to be in contact with the ground. In particular, the tread base can serve a function of transmitting multiaxial tread covering forces to the tire casing, usually with relatively low heat generation. These forces may include forces resulting from the tread cover working under forces such as compression, bending and / or shear, all of which can generate heat, cause temperature build-up and cause the forces to undesirably impact the tire casing itself. Such forces can result, for example, from the tire bending force, braking, and / or various handling activities, all of which can generate heat in the tire's tread.
    [007] In a conventional tire, both to reduce the cost of material and manufacture of a tread rich in silica as well as to provide an increased electrical conductivity path from the tire through its tread to the ground, a surface tread pattern can be divided into three distinct load-bearing zones, which may include at least one silica-rich load-bearing zone and at least one carbon black-rich load-bearing zone of rubber compositions . By requiring that the tread coverage zones be load-bearing, each of the three distinct tread tread coverage zones can extend from the outer surface of the tread to the base rubber layer of a distinctive underlying carbon black tread, so that all load on the tire is communicated by each of the three tread cover zones directly to the tread base layer instead of directly to the tread itself tire casing. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [008] A tread for a tire according to the present invention includes a tread base layer, a first tread cover layer radially outside the tread base layer, a second layer of tread tread cover radially outside the tread base layer and both radially outside and axially adjacent to the first tread cover layer, a third intermediate layer radially between the tread base layer and the first and second layers of tread cover. The first tread cover layer has a protrusion extending radially inwardly and into the third intermediate layer over a main body of the first tread cover layer and the second tread cover layer thereby allowing that the first tread cover layer provides the general tread with improved performance characteristics after the main body of the first tread cover layer and the second tread cover layer have worn off.
    [009] According to another aspect of the tread, the protuberance extends radially into a rib of a four-rib tread and another rib of the four-rib tread comprises a structure for grounding a static charge .
    [010] In accordance with yet another aspect of the tread, two protuberances individually extend radially inward from two ribs of a five-rib tread.
    [011] According to yet another aspect of the tread, two protuberances extend individually radially inward from two ribs of a five-rib tread and an average rib of the five-rib tread comprises a structure for connecting ground a static charge.
    [012] In accordance with yet another aspect of the tread, the tread base layer comprises a rubber composition comprising a diene-based elastomer having from 20 parts by weight to 150 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of elastomer, carbon black.
    [013] In accordance with yet another aspect of the tread, the second tread cover layer comprises a diene-based elastomer having 20 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of elastomer, of silica.
    [014] According to yet another aspect of the tread, the tread base layer has a tan delta ranging from 0.1 to 0.2, a storage module ranging from 4 Mpa to 13 Mpa, and a shore A hardness ranging from 45 to 70.
    [015] According to yet another aspect of the tread, the second tread cover layer has a tan delta ranging from 0.05 to 0.20, a storage module ranging from 4 Mpa to 12 Mpa and a shore A hardness ranging from 50 to 75.
    [016] In accordance with yet another aspect of the tread, the second tread cover layer comprises an elastomer based on conjugated diene having approximately 30 phr to approximately 70 phr of rubber reinforcing filler having to 30 phr to 80 phr carbon black and zero to 40 phr precipitated silica.
    [017] According to yet another aspect of the tread, the second tread cover layer comprises 50 phr to 80 phr of carbon black.
    [018] In accordance with yet another aspect of the tread, the second tread cover layer comprises 10 phr to 25 phr of precipitated silica.
    [019] In accordance with yet another aspect of the tread, the second tread layer comprises an elastomer based on conjugated diene and a reinforcement filler having 50 phr to 80 phr of precipitated silica and 10 phr to 40 phr of carbon black.
    [020] A tire according to the present invention includes a tread, a carcass, a layer of belt, relatively inextensible beads separated and side. The tread has a tread base layer, a first tread cover layer radially outside the tread base layer, a second tread cover layer radially outside the tread base layer. tread and both radially outside and axially adjacent the first tread cover layer, a third intermediate layer radially between the tread base layer and the first and second tread cover layers, the first layer tread cover having a protrusion extending radially inward and into the third intermediate layer more than one main body of the first tread cover layer and the second tread cover layer thereby allowing the first tread cover layer provides the general tread with improved performance characteristics after the main body that the first tread cover layer and the second tread cover layer have worn off.
    [021] According to another aspect of the tire, the first tread cover layer is extruded as a unitary extrudate of a single rubber compound in an extruder and the second cover layer is extruded by another extruder.
    [022] In accordance with yet another aspect of the tire, the second tread cover layer comprises a conjugated diene-based elastomer having approximately 30 phr to approximately 70 phr of rubber reinforcing filler having 30 phr at 80 phr of ezero carbon black to 40 phr of precipitated silica.
    [023] In accordance with yet another aspect of the tire, the second tread cover layer comprises 50 phr to 80 phr carbon black.
    [024] According to yet another aspect of the tire, the second tread cover layer comprises 10 phr to 25 phr of precipitated silica.
    [025] According to yet another aspect of the tire, the second tread cover layer has a storage module ranging from 4 Mpa to 13 Mpa.
    [026] In accordance with yet another aspect of the tire, the second tread layer comprises an elastomer based on conjugated diene and a reinforcement filler having 50 phr to 80 phr of precipitated silica and 10 phr to 40 phr carbon black.
    [027] According to yet another aspect of the tire, the tread base layer has a tan delta ranging from 0.1 to 0.2, a storage module ranging from 4 Mpa to 13 Mpa and a hardness shore A ranging from 45 to 70.
    [028] According to yet another aspect of the tire, the second tread cover layer has a tan delta ranging from 0.05 to 0.20, a storage module ranging from 4 Mpa to 12 Mpa, and a shore A hardness ranging from 50 to 75. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [029] Figure 1 is a schematic cross section of an example tire according to the present invention.
    [030] Figure 2 is a schematic cross section of another example tire according to the present invention. Definitions
    [031] The following definitions control the present invention.
    [032] “Apex” means an elastomeric filling material located radially above the bead core and between the tarpaulins and the redoubling tarpaulin.
    [033] "Cancel" means formed as a ring.
    [034] “Aspect ratio” means the ratio of your section height to your section width.
    [035] “Asymmetric tread” means a tread that has a non-symmetrical tread pattern around the tire's center or equatorial EP plane.
    [036] "Axial" and "axially" are used here to refer to lines or directions that are parallel to the tire's axis of rotation.
    [037] “Bead” means that part of the tire comprising an annular traction element surrounded by canvas strings and molded, with or without other reinforcement elements such as bead covers, wire reinforcements, apexes, nail protectors and anti- friction, to adapt to the design ring.
    [038] “Belt structure” means at least two annular layers or canvas of parallel cords, woven or non-woven, underlying the tread, not attached to the bead and having cords inclined in relation to the equatorial plane of the tire. The belt structure may also include parallel cord strips inclined at relatively low angles, acting as restraint layers.
    [039] “Propensity tire” (crossed canvas) means a tire in which the reinforcement cords on the carcass canvas extend diagonally across the tire from bead to bead at an angle of approximately 25 ° to 65 ° with respect to the plane equatorial tire. If multiple tarpaulins are present, the tarpaulin strands extend at opposite angles in alternating layers.
    [040] “Shock absorbers” means at least two annular layers or parallel reinforcement strips having the same angle with reference to the equatorial plane of the tire as the parallel reinforcement strands in carcass linings. Shock absorbers are usually associated with radial tires.
    [041] “Cable” means a cord formed by twisting two or more layers together.
    [042] "Carcass" means the tire structure separate from the belt structure, tread, lower tread, and side rubber on the pads, but including the beads.
    [043] “Lining” means the carcass, belt structure, beads, sidings and all other components of the tire except the tread and lower tread, that is, the entire tire.
    [044] "Wire reinforcement" refers to a narrow strip of cloth or steel strands, located in the bead area whose function is to reinforce the bead area and stabilize the part radially further into the side.
    [045] "Circumferential" means lines or directions extending along the perimeter of the annular tire surface parallel to the Equatorial Plane (EP) and perpendicular to the axial direction; it can also refer to the direction of the sets of adjacent circular curves whose radii define the axial curvature of the rubbing band, as seen in cross section.
    [046] “Cordão” means one of the reinforcement filaments from which the tire reinforcement structures are comprised.
    [047] “Cord angle” means the acute, left or right angle in a flat view of the tire, formed by a cord in relation to the equatorial plane. The “cord angle” is measured on a cured, but not inflated, tire.
    [048] "Bulging" means the portion of the tire within the tire tread width limits.
    [049] “Denier” means the weight in grams per 9000 grams (unit to express linear density). “Dtex” means the weight in grams per 10,000 meters.
    [050] “Density” means weight per unit length.
    [051] "Elastomer" means a resilient material capable of recovering size and shape after deformation.
    [052] "Equatorial plane (EP)" means the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire and passing through the center of its tread; or the plane containing the circumferential center line of the tread.
    [053] "Cloth" means a network of strands essentially extended unidirectionally, which can be twisted and which in turn are composed of a plurality of a multiplicity of filaments (which can also be twisted) of a high modulus material.
    [054] "Fiber" is a unit of matter, whether natural or artificial that forms the basic element of filaments. Characterized by having a length at least 100 times its diameter or width.
    [055] “Filament count” means the number of filaments that make up a thread. Example: 1000 denier polyester having approximately 190 filaments.
    [056] “Copper-bead” refers to a reinforcement cloth around the bead wire for strength and to tie the bead wire to the tire body.
    [057] "Footprint" means the contact patch or contact area of the tire tread with a flat surface at zero speed and under normal load and pressure.
    [058] “Caliber” refers generally to a measurement and specifically to a thickness measurement.
    [059] “Notch” means an elongated, empty area on a tread that can extend circumferentially or laterally around the rubbing strip in a zero, curved or zigzag mode. Notches extended circumferentially and laterally sometimes have common portions. The "notch width" can be the tread surface occupied by a notch or notch portion divided by the length of such notch or notch portion; thus, the notch width can be your average width over its length. Notches can be of varying depth in a tire. The depth of a notch may vary around the circumference of the tread, or the depth of a notch may be constant, but vary from the depth of another notch in the tire. If such narrow or wide notches are of substantially reduced depth in comparison to wide circumferential notches, which they interconnect, they can be considered to form "risers" tending to maintain a rib-like character in the tread region involved. As used here, a notch is intended to be wide enough to remain open on the tire's footprint or contact patch.
    [060] “High tensile steel (HT)” means carbon steel with a tensile strength of at least 3400 Mpa in 0.20 mm filament diameter.
    [061] “Internal” means towards the inside of the tire and vehicle and “external” means towards the outside.
    [062] “Inner lining” means the layer or layers of elastomer or other material that form the inner surface of a tubeless tire and that contains the filling fluid in the tire.
    [063] “Inner side” means the side of the tire closest to the vehicle when the tire is mounted on a wheel and the wheel is mounted on the vehicle.
    [064] "LASE” is specified elongation load.
    [065] “Lateral” means an axial direction.
    [066] "Twist length" means the distance by which a twisted filament or leg travels to make a 360 degree rotation around another filament or leg.
    [067] “Load range” means fill and load limits for a given tire used in a specific type of service as defined by tables in The Tire and Rim Association, Inc.
    [068] “Mega tensile steel (MT)” means carbon steel with a tensile strength of at least 4500 Mpa in 0.20 mm filament diameter.
    [069] "Net contact area" means the total area of ground contact elements between defined boundary edges divided by the gross area between the boundary edges as measured around the total circumference of the tread.
    [070] “Liquid to gross ratio” means the total area of tread elements in contact with the ground between the lateral edges of the tread around the entire circumference of the tread divided by the gross area of the entire circumference of the tread between the side edges.
    [071] “Non-directional tread” means a tread that has no preferred forward travel direction and is not required to be positioned on a vehicle at a specific wheel position or positions to ensure that the tread pattern is aligned with the preferred travel direction. Conversely, a directional tread pattern has a preferred travel direction that requires specific wheel placement.
    [072] “Normal load” means the specific design inflation pressure and load assigned by the appropriate standards organization for the service condition for the tire.
    [073] "Normal tensile steel (NT)" means carbon steel with a tensile strength of at least 2800 Mpa at 0.20 mm filament diameter.
    [074] “Outer side” means the side of the tire furthest from the vehicle when the tire is mounted on a wheel and the wheel is mounted on the vehicle.
    [075] "Phr" means parts by weight of a respective material per 100 parts by weight of rubber or elastomer.
    [076] “Canvas” means a layer reinforced with a cord of rubber-coated strands radially unfolded or otherwise parallel.
    [077] "Radial" and "radially" are used to mean directions radially in or out of the tire's axis of rotation.
    [078] “Radial tarpaulin structure” means one or more carcass tarpaulins in which at least one tarpaulin has reinforcement strings oriented at an angle between 65 ° and 90 ° with respect to the tire's equatorial plane.
    [079] “Radial tarp tire” means a tire circumferentially or with a belt on which at least one tarp has strings that extend from bead to bead are arranged at cord angles between 65 ° and 90 ° with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire.
    [080] “Rib” means a rubber strip circumferentially extended on the tread which is defined by at least one circumferential notch and a second such notch or a side edge, the strip being laterally not divided by the notches of full depth.
    [081] “Rivet” means an open space between strands in one layer.
    [082] “Section height” means the radial distance from the nominal rim diameter to the outer diameter of the tire in its equatorial plane.
    [083] “Section width” means the maximum linear distance parallel to the tire axis and between the outside of its sides when and after it has been filled under normal pressure for 24 hours, but not loaded, excluding side elevations due to labeling, decoration or protection bands.
    [084] “Self-sustaining empty run” means a type of tire that has a structure where the tire structure alone is strong enough to support the vehicle's load when the vehicle is operated in an empty condition for limited periods of time and speed limited. The tire tread and internal surfaces may not sag or deform on themselves due to the tire structure alone (for example, without internal structures).
    [085] “Side insertion” means reinforcements of cord or elastomer located in the side region of a tire. The insert can be an addition to the carcass reinforcement canvas and external rubber that forms the outer surface of the tire.
    [086] “Costado” means that portion of a tire between the tread and the bead.
    [087] "Slit cut" or "incision" means small slits molded into the tire's bead elements that subdivide the tread surface and improve traction; Slit cuts can be designed to close when in contact or footprint patch, as distinguished from notches.
    [088] "Spring rate" means the tire stiffness expressed as the slope of the load deflection curve at a given pressure.
    [089] “Rigidity ratio” means the control belt structure stiffness value divided by the value of another belt structure stiffness when the values are determined by a fixed three-point curve east with both ends of the cord supported and flexed by a load centered between the fixed ends.
    [090] “Super tensile steel (ST)” means carbon steel with a tensile strength of at least 3650 Mpa in 0.20 mm filament diameter.
    [091] “Tenacity” is tension expressed as a force per unit linear density of the specimen without tension (gm / tex or gm / denier). Used in textile articles.
    [092] “Traction” is tension expressed in forces / area in cross section. Resistance in psi = 12,800 times specific gravity times tenacity in grams per denier.
    [093] "Nail protector" refers to the contact portion of the elastomeric rim circumferentially unfolded from the tire axially into each bead.
    [094] “Tread” means a molded rubber component that, when attached to a tire lining, includes that portion of the tire that comes into contact with the road when the tire is normally inflated and under normal load.
    [095] “Tread element” or “traction element” means a rib or a block element.
    [096] “Tread width” means the arc length of the tread surface in a plane including the axis of rotation of the tire.
    [097] "Folding edge" means the portion of a carcass tarpaulin that folds upwards (ie radially outwards) from the beads around which the tarpaulin is wrapped.
    [098] “Ultra tensile steel (UT)” means carbon steel with a tensile strength of at least 4000 Mpa at 0.20 mm filament diameter.
    [099] “Vertical deflection” means the amount that a tire deflects under load.
    [0100] “Yarn” is a generic term for a continuous leg of textile fibers or filaments. Yarn occurs in the following forms: 1) a number of fibers twisted together, 2) a number of filaments arranged together without twist, 3) a number of filaments arranged together with a degree of twist; 4) a single filament with or without twist (monofilament), 5) a narrow strip of material with or without twist. Description of examples of the present invention
    [0101] A performance gap may exist between tread materials with high rolling resistance and high traction tread materials in a tire. A tread according to the present invention can address this gap and balance wet traction, rolling resistance and tread wear. Such tread can use slits in vertical and horizontal cross-section to maximize wet traction (wet grip index (WGI), braking, water, handling), rolling resistance and tire tread wear throughout its life in service. Such tread provides a contoured shape that allows an upper wet tread compound to remain in contact with the road even after wear. The BOT RR compound contributes to improving the Rolling Strength performance.
    [0102] The different areas of the tread do not equally contribute to the various characteristics of tire performance. In this way, a tread according to the present invention can place compound where the compounds can contribute the most to their main advantage.
    [0103] As shown in figure 1, a four-rib tread 100 in accordance with the present invention may comprise a first wet traction compound 110, a second low rolling resistance compound 120, a third wet resistance compound intermediate ultra low bearing 130 and a tread base / chimney frame 140 that may or may not be an integral structure for conducting static electrical charge to the ground. The first compound 110 can contact the road on the left side (in figure 1) of the tread 100. The interface between the first compound 110 and the third compound 130 under the rib 149 can define a shape or contour 150 to allow the first compound remains in contact with the road continuously as the tread 110 wears out while the third compound contributes to low rolling resistance with less wear since the third compound does not contact the road until most of the first compound 110 and second compound 120 have spent. The second compound 120, although having low rolling resistance, is in contact with the road initially and provides better wear characteristics than the third compound 130. Alternatively, the second and third compounds 120, 130 can be the same compound.
    [0104] As shown in figure 1, contour 150 may have a protrusion 152 that extends radially inward to the third compound 130 more than the main body of the first compound 110 and second compound 120. This protuberance 152 may allow the first Compound 110 would provide the general tread 100 with improved wet-traction characteristics after the main body of the first compound and second compound 120 had spent.
    [0105] As shown in figure 2, a five-rib tread 200 according to the present invention can combine a first wet traction compound 210, a second low rolling resistance compound 220, a third wet resistance compound intermediate ultra low bearing 230 and a tread base / chimney frame 240 that may or may not be an integral structure for conducting static electrical charge to the ground. The first compound 210 can contact the road in the middle tread region (figure 2) of the tread 200. The interface between the first compound 210 and the third compound 230 under the ribs 249 can define a shape or contour 250 to allow that the first compound remains in contact with the road continuously as the tread 100 wears out while the third compound contributes to low rolling resistance with less wear since the third compound does not contact the road until most of the first compound 210 and second compound 220 have spent. The second compound 220, although having low rolling resistance, is in contact with the road initially and provides better wear characteristics than the third compound 230. Alternatively, the second and third compounds 120, 130 can be the same compound.
    [0106] As shown in figure 2, contours 250 may have a protrusion 252 that extends radially inwardly more than the main body of first compound 210 and second compound 220. This protrusion 252 may allow the first compound 110 to provide the band general running wheel 100 with improved wet traction characteristics after the main body of the first compound and second compound 220 has worn.
    [0107] Below is a description of other example tire structures as set out in US 2013/0048169 for Erceg and others, which is incorporated herein by reference. A tire for use with such a tread 100, 200 may include a casing and a layer of rubber belt encapsulated between beads and separate relatively inextensible sides, as well as an inner lining layer. This tire tire tread can split two tread cover compounds not only in a horizontal or vertical direction, but in both directions, to optimize rolling resistance and wet and dry traction. The tire may have a ground contact composite tread comprising a tread base layer, a first ground contact tread cover layer radially out of the tread base layer, a second tread cover layer contacting the ground radially out of the tread base layer and both radially outward and axially adjacent to the first tread cover layer, a first tread flap arranged on an internal tire tread edge and axially adjacent to the tread base layer and the first tread cover layer, and a second tread flap arranged on an external tread edge of the tire. pneumatically and axially adjacent to the tread base layer and the second tread cover layer. The axially outer end portion of the second tread cover layer also extends radially inward at a junction of the tread base layer, the first tread cover layer and the second tread flap.
    [0108] The tread can be a multi-component, extruded rubber extrudate and can be prepared by co-extruding at least two different rubber compositions using an individual extruder for each rubber composition that individually causes an extruded rubber composition flows through a suitable matrix element to, in turn, cause the individual rubber compositions to flow controllably and join in the matrix element and exit from it in a profiled multiple component rubber extrudate . In this way, the first cover layer can be extruded as a unitary extrudate of a single rubber compound in an extruder and the second cover layer can be extruded by another extruder.
    [0109] The tread base layer, first tread cover layer, second tread cover layer, first tread flap and / or second tread flap can comprise at least exemplarily an elastomer based on conjugated diene and from approximately 30 phr to approximately 70 phr of rubber reinforcing filler material selected from carbon black and precipitated silica where the filler comprises from approximately 30 phr to approximately 80 phr of carbon black and from zero to 40 phr of precipitated silica. The tread base layer, first tread cover layer, second tread cover layer, first tread flap, and / or second tread flap can further comprise approximately 50 phr exemplarily at approximately 80 phr of carbon black. The tread base layer, first tread cover layer, second tread cover layer, first tread flap, and / or second tread flap can further comprise approximately 10 phr. to approximately 25 phr of precipitated silica. The tread base layer, first tread cover layer, second tread cover layer, first tread flap, and / or second tread flap can further comprise exemplary black total rubber reinforcement smoke. The tread base layer, first tread cover layer, second tread cover layer, first tread flap and / or second tread flap may additionally comprise additives, such as dressings , auxiliary processing means, anti-degraders, etc.
    [0110] The tread base layer, first tread cover layer, second tread cover layer, first tread flap and / or second tread flap can be additionally characterized exemplarily as having specific physical properties making them suitable for use in the tire. The tread base layer, first tread cover layer, second tread cover layer, first tread flap and / or second tread flap can exemplarily have a tan delta that varies from 0.1 to 0.2, a storage module ranging from 4 Mpa to 13 Mpa and a shore A hardness ranging from 45 to 70. Delta tan and E * storage module can be measured by a 70 ° viscoelastic spectrometer Ç. Tan delta and E * storage module can be measured by viscoelastic spectrometer at 70 ° C. Shore A hardness can be measured according to DIN 53505 at room temperature.
    [0111] The tread base layer, first tread cover layer, second tread cover layer, first tread flap and / or second tread flap can further comprise at least exemplarily minus a conjugated diene based elastomer and a reinforcing filler material comprising approximately 50 phr to approximately 80 phr of precipitated silica and approximately 10 phr to approximately 40 phr of carbon black. As mentioned above, the tread base layer, first tread cover layer, second tread cover layer, first tread flap and / or second tread flap can further comprise exemplarily additives, such as dressings, processing aids, anti-degraders, etc.
    [0112] Alternatively, the tread base layer, first tread cover layer, second tread cover layer, first tread flap and / or second tread flap can be additionally exemplarily characterized as having specific physical properties making them suitable for use in the tire. The tread base layer, first tread cover layer, second tread cover layer, first tread flap and / or second tread flap can additionally have an tan delta that exemplarily ranges from 0.05 to 0.20, a storage module ranging from 4 Mpa to 12 Mpa and a shore A hardness ranging from 50 to 75.
    [0113] The tread base layer, first tread cover layer, second tread cover layer, first tread flap and / or second tread flap can additionally be used exemplarily with rubbers or elastomers containing olefinic installation. The phrases "rubber" or "elastomer containing olefinic installation" or "conjugated diene-based elastomer" are intended to include both natural rubber and its various raw and reformed forms, as well as several synthetic rubbers. The terms "rubber" and "elastomer" may be used interchangeably, unless otherwise prescribed. The terms "rubber composition", "compound rubber" and "rubber compound" can be used interchangeably to refer to rubber that has been mixed or agitated with various ingredients and materials for use in the rubber mixture or rubber composition. Representative synthetic polymers can be the homopolymerization products of butadiene and its homologues and derivatives, for example, methyl butadiene, dimethyl butadiene and pentadiene, as well as copolymers such as those formed from butadiene or their counterparts or derivatives with other unsaturated monomers. Among those mentioned last may be acetylenes, for example, vinyl acetylene; olefins, for example, isobutylene, which copolymerizes with isoprene to form butyl rubber; vinyl compounds, for example, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile (which polymerizes with butadiene to form NBR), methacrylic acid and styrene. The last mentioned compound can polymerize with butadiene to form SBR, as well as vinyl esters and various unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, and ethers, for example, acrolein, methyl isopropenyl ketone, and ethyl vinyl ether. Specific examples of synthetic rubbers can include neoprene (polychloroprene), polybutadiene (including cis-1,4-polybutadiene), polyisoprene (including cis-, 1,4-polyisoprene), butyl rubber, halobutyl rubber as chlorobutyl rubber or bromobutyl rubber, styrene / isoprene / butadiene rubber, copolymers of 1,3-butadiene or isoprene with monomers such as styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate, as well as ethylene / propylene terpolymers, also known as diene / propylene monomer / ethylene (EPDM), dicyclopentadiene / propylene / ethylene etherpolymers. Additional examples of rubbers can include star-branched polymers coupled with tin and coupled with silicon.
    [0114] The tread base layer, first tread cover layer, second tread cover layer, first tread flap and / or second tread flap may further comprise at least exemplarily minus two of diene-based rubber, for example, a combination of two or more rubbers, such as 1,4-polyisoprene cis rubber (natural or synthetic), 3,4-polyisoprene rubber, styrene / isoprene / butadiene rubber, emulsion and butadiene / styrene rubbers derived from solution polymerization, cis 1,4-polybutadiene rubbers and acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymers prepared by emulsion polymerization.
    [0115] An emulsion polymerization can be derived from styrene / butadiene (E-SBR) having a styrene content of 20 percent bonded to approximately 28 percent bonded styrene or an E-SBR having a bonded styrene content medium to relatively high, for example, a bound styrene content of approximately 30 percent to approximately 45 percent. The styrene content of approximately 30 percent to approximately 45 percent for the E-SBR can be beneficial to increase traction, or the slip resistance of the tread 10. The presence of the E-SBR itself can be beneficial to increase the processing capacity of the mixture of uncured elastomer composition, especially in comparison with the use of a SBR prepared by solution polymerization (S-SBR).
    [0116] An E-SBR prepared by emulsion polymerization can be styrene and copolymerized 1,3-butadiene as an aqueous emulsion. The content of bound styrene can vary, for example, from approximately 5 percent to approximately 50 percent. The E-SBR can also contain acrylonitrile to form a terpolymer rubber, such as E-SBAR, in amounts, for example, from approximately 2 weight percent acrylonitrile to approximately 30 weight percent acrylonitrile bound in the terpolymer. Diene-based rubbers for use in tire 1 can be acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer rubbers prepared by emulsion polymerization containing approximately 2 weight percent acrylonitrile bound to approximately 40 weight percent acrylonitrile bound in the copolymer.
    [0117] SBR prepared by solution polymerization (S-SBR) can have a bound styrene content of approximately 5 percent to approximately 50 percent or approximately 9 percent to approximately 36 percent. S-SBR can be prepared, for example, by catalyzing organo lithium in the presence of an organic hydrocarbon solvent. The S-SBR can improve the rolling resistance of the tire as a result of lower hysteresis when used in the tread 10.
    [0118] The 3,4-polyisoprene (3,4-PI) rubber in the tread 10 can increase traction. 3,4-PI and its use is more fully described in US patent number 5,087,668 which is incorporated herein by reference. Tg is the glass transition temperature that can be determined by a differential scanning calorimeter at a heating rate of 10 ° C per minute.
    [0119] The 1,4-polybutadiene cis rubber (BR) in the tread 10 can increase tire tread wear and rolling resistance. BR can be prepared, for example, by polymerizing an organic solution of 1,3-butadiene. In addition, BR can have at least 90 percent cis 1,4 content. Rubber compositions may additionally contain a sulfur-containing organosilicon compound, such as: Z — Alk — Sn — Alk — Z Where Z is selected from the group consisting of
    where R3 is an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cyclohexyl or phenyl: R4 is alkoxy of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or cycloalkoxy of 5 to 8 carbon atoms; Alk is a divalent hydrocarbon of 1 to 18 carbon atoms and n is an integer between 2 and 8.
    [0120] Examples of sulfur-containing organosilicon compounds may include: 3,3 '-bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide; 3,3'-bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide; 3,3'-bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide; 3,3'-bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) ochasulfide; 3,3'-bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide; 2,2'-bis (triethoxyethylethyl) tetrasulfide; 3,3'-bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide; 3,3'-bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide; 3,3'-bis (tributoxysilylpropyl) disulfide; 3,3'-bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) hexasulfide; 3,3'-bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) octulfide; 3,3'-bis (trioctoxisilylpropyl) tetrasulfide; 3,3'-bis (trihexoxysilylpropyl) disulfide; 3,3-bis (tri-2 "-ethylhexoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide; 3,3'-bis (triisooctoxisilylpropyl) tetrasulfide; 3,3'-bis (tri-t-butoxysilylpropyl) disulfide; 2,2'-bis (methoxy diethoxy silyl ethyl) tetrasulfide; 2,2'-bis (tripropoxysylethyl) pentasulfide; 3,3'-bis (tricycloethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide; 3,3'-bis (tricyclopentoxisilylpropyl) trisulfide; 2,2'-bis (tri-2 "- methylcyclohexoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide; bis (trimethoxysilylmethyl) tetrasulfide; 3-methoxy ethoxy propoxysilyl 3'-diethoxybutoxy-silylpropyl tetresulfide; 2,2'-bis (dimethyl methoxyethylethyl) disulfide; 2,2'-bis (dimethyl sec.butoxysylethyl) trisulfide; 3,3'-bis (methyl butylethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide; 3,3'-bis (di-t-butylmethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide; 2,2'-bis (phenyl methyl methoxyethylethyl) trisulfide; 3,3'-bis (diphenyl isopropoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide; 3,3'-bis (diphenyl cyclohexoxysilylpropyl) disulfide; 3,3'-bis (dimethyl ethylmercaptosylylpropyl) tetrasulfide; 2,2'-bis (methyl dimethoxyethylethyl) trisulfide; 2,2'-bis (methyl ethoxypropoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide; 3,3 '-bis (diethylmethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide; 3,3 '-bis (ethyl di-sec. Butoxysilylpropyl) disulfide; 3,3 '-bis (propyl diethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide; 3,3 '-bis (butyl dimethoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide; 3,3 '-bis (phenyldimethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide; 3-phenyl ethoxybutoxysilyl 3'-trimethoxysilylpropyltetrasulfide; 4,4'-bis (trimethoxysilylbutyl) tetrasulfide; 6,6 '-bis (triethoxysilylhexyl) tetrasulfide; 12.12'-bis (triisopropoxysilyl dodecyl) disulfide; 18,18 '-bis (trimethoxysilyloctadecyl) tetrasulfide; 18,18 '-bis (tripropoxysilyloctadecenyl) tetrasulfide; 4,4'-bis (trimethoxysilyl-buten-2-yl) tetrasulfide; 4,4 '-bis (trimethoxysilylcyclohexylene) tetrasulfide; 5,5 '-bis (dimethoxymethylsilylpentyl) trisulfide; 3,3 '-bis (trimethoxysilyl-2-methylpropyl) tetrasulfide and 3,3'-bis (dimethoxyphenylsilyl-2-methylpropyl) disulfide.
    [0121] Sulfur-containing organosilicon compounds may include: 3,3'-bis (trimethoxy or triethoxy silylpropyl) sulfides; 3,3'-bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide; and 3,3'-bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide. Therefore, for the above formula, Z can be
    where R4 is an alkoxy of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; alk is a divalent hydrocarbon of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; and n is an integer from 2 to 5.
    [0122] The amount of the sulfur-containing organosilicon compound in the above formula in a rubber composition may vary depending on the level of other additives. The amount of the compound in the above formula can vary from 0.5 phr to 20.0 phr or 1.0 phr to 10.0 phr. Filling materials such as silica and carbon black may also be present.
    [0123] Siliceous pigments in the rubber compound can include pyrogenic and precipitated silica pigments (silica) and precipitated silicas, such as those obtained by acidifying a soluble silicate, for example, sodium silicate. Such silicas can be characterized, for example, as having a BET surface area, as measured using nitrogen gas, in the range of approximately 40 to approximately 600 or approximately 50 to approximately 300 square meters per gram.
    [0124] Silica can also be characterized as having an absorption value of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in a range of approximately 10 to approximately 400 or approximately 150 to approximately 300. Silica can have an average final particle size, for example, from 0.01 micron to 0.05 micron, as determined by an electron microscope.
    [0125] Several commercially available silicas can be used, such as, for example only here, and without limitation: commercially available silicas from PPG Industries under the trademark Hi-Sil with designations 210, 243, etc .; silica available from Rhone-Poulenc, with, for example, designations Z1165MP and Z165GR; and silicas available from Degussa AG with, for example, designations VN2 and VN3.
    [0126] Representative examples of carbon blacks may include N110, N121, N220, N231, N234, N242, N293, N299, S315, N326, N330, M332, N339, N343, N347, N351, N358, N375, N539, N550 , N582, N630, N642, N650, N683, N754, N762, N765, N774, N787, N907, N908, N990 and N991. These carbon blacks can have iodine absorptions ranging from 9 g / kg to 145 g / kg and a DBP number ranging from 34 cm3 / 100 g to 150 cm3 / 100 g.
    [0127] The rubber composition can be composed of several methods, such as mixing the various sulfur-vulcanizable constituent rubbers with various additive materials, such as sulfur donors, curing aids such as activators and retardants and processing additives , such as oils, resins including taquifying and plasticizing resins, fillers, pigments, fatty acid, zinc oxide, waxes, antioxidants and anti-zonizers and peptizing agents. Examples of sulfur donors may include: elemental sulfur (free sulfur); an amine disulfide; polymeric polysulfide; and olefin sulfur adducts. The sulfur vulcanizing agent can be elemental sulfur. The sulfur vulcanizing agent can range from 0.5 phr to 8.0 phr or from 1.5 phr to 6.0 phr. Tachyting resins can comprise approximately 0.5 phr to approximately 10.0 phr or approximately 1.0 phr to approximately 5.0 phr. Processing aids can comprise approximately 1 phr to approximately 50 phr. Such auxiliary processing means may include, for example, aromatic, naphthenic, paraffinic and / or low PCA oils characterized by a polycyclic aromatic content of less than 3% (method IP 346); such low PCA oils may include MES, ADHD and heavy naphthenic oils.
    [0128] Amounts of antioxidants can comprise approximately 1 phr to approximately 5 phr. Antioxidants can be, for example, diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine. Amounts of antiozonants can comprise approximately 1 phr to approximately 5 phr. Amounts of fatty acids can include stearic acid having approximately 0.5 phr to approximately 3.0 phr. Amounts of zinc oxide can be approximately 2 phr to approximately 5 phr. Amounts of waxes can comprise approximately 1 phr to approximately 5 phr. Microcrystalline waxes can be used. Amounts of peptizing agents can comprise approximately 0.1 phr to approximately 1 phr. Peptizing agents can be, for example, pentachlorothiophenol disulfide and dibenzamidodiphenyl. The sulfur-vulcanizable rubber composition can then be cured by sulfur or vulcanised.
    [0129] Accelerators can control the time and / or temperature required for vulcanization and improvement of the vulcanized properties. A single accelerator system can be used, for example, a primary accelerator. The primary accelerator (s) may have amounts ranging from approximately 0.5 phr to approximately 4 phr or approximately 0.8 phr to approximately 1.5 phr. Combinations of a primary accelerator and a secondary accelerator can be used with the secondary accelerator having approximately 0.05 phr to approximately 3.00 phr to activate and improve the properties of the vulcanized product. Combinations of these accelerators can produce a synergistic effect on the final properties better than those produced by using any accelerator alone. In addition, delayed-action accelerators can be used that are unaffected by normal processing temperatures but produce satisfactory curing at common vulcanization temperatures. Vulcanization retarders can also be used. Appropriate accelerators can be amines, disulfides, guanidines, thioureas, thiazois, thiurams, sulfenamides, dithiocarbamates and xanthanes. The primary accelerator may be a sulfenamide. The secondary accelerator can be a compound of guanidine, dithiocarbamate or tiuram.
    [0130] The ingredients of the rubber composition can be mixed in two stages - at least one non-productive stage followed by a productive mixing stage. Final dressings may include sulfur curing agents mixed in the final stage (for example, the “productive” mixing stage in which mixing takes place at a final temperature or temperature, lower than the temperature (s) of mixing than non-productive mixing stages). The rubber can be mixed in one or more stages of non-productive mixing.
    [0131] A rubber composition containing the organosilicon compound containing sulfur can be subjected to a thermomechanical mixing step. The thermomechanical mixing step may comprise mechanical work in a mixer or extruder for an appropriate period of time to produce a rubber temperature between 140 ° C and 190 ° C. the appropriate duration of thermomechanical work can vary as a function of operating conditions and the volume and nature of the components. For example, thermomechanical work can be from 1 minute to 20 minutes.
    [0132] Vulcanization of the rubber composition can generally be carried out at temperatures ranging from approximately 100 ° C to approximately 200 ° C. Vulcanization can also be carried out at temperatures ranging from approximately 110 ° C to approximately 180 ° C. Other vulcanization processes, such as heating in a press or mold, heating with superheated steam or hot air, or heated with superheated steam in a salt bath, can be used.
    [0133] The tire can be built, molded, formed and cured by various methods. The tire can be a passenger car tire, aircraft tire, truck tire, etc. Tire 1 can also be radial or polarized.
    [0134] Although certain representative examples and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to it without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [0001]
    1. Tire tread, FEATURED by the fact that it comprises: a tread base layer (140); a first tread cover layer (110) radially out of the tread base layer (140); a second tread cover layer (120) radially out of the tread base layer (140) and both radially out and axially adjacent the first tread cover layer (110); a third intermediate layer (130) radially between the tread base layer (140) and the first and second tread cover layers (110, 120); the first tread cover layer (110) having a protrusion (152) that extends radially inward and to the third intermediate layer (130) more than a main body of the first tread cover layer (110 ) and the second tread cover layer (120) thereby allowing the first tread cover layer (110) to provide the general tread with improved performance characteristics after the main body of the first tread cover layer. tread (110) and the second tread cover layer (120) have worn off; wherein two protuberances individually extend radially inward from two ribs of a five-rib tread.
    [0002]
    2. Tread band according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the protuberance (152) extends radially inward from a rib of a four-rib tread and another rib of a four-tread The ribs comprise a structure for grounding a static charge.
    [0003]
    3. Tread according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the two protuberances extend individually radially within the two ribs of a five-rib tread and an average rib of the five-rib tread comprises a structure to ground a static charge.
    [0004]
    4. Tread band according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the tread base layer (140) is characterized by comprising a rubber composition comprising a diene-based elastomer having 20 parts by weight at 150 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of carbon black elastomer.
    [0005]
    5. Tread band according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the second tread cover layer (120) comprises a diene-based elastomer having 20 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of elastomer, of silica.
    [0006]
    6. Tread band according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the tread base layer (140) has a tan delta ranging from 0.1 to 0.2, a storage module that varies from 4 MPa to 13 MPa and a shore A hardness ranging from 45 to 70.
    [0007]
    7. Tread band according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the second tread cover layer (120) has a tan delta ranging from 0.05 to 0.20, a storage module that ranges from 4 MPa to 12 MPa and a shore A hardness ranging from 50 to 75.
    [0008]
    8. Tread band according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the second tread cover layer (120) comprises a conjugated diene-based elastomer having approximately 30 phr to approximately 70 phr filler material rubber reinforcement having 30 phr to 80 phr carbon black and zero to 40 phr precipitated silica.
    [0009]
    9. Tread band according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the second tread cover layer (120) comprises 50 phr to 80 phr of carbon black.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN104553620A|2015-04-29|
    EP2865543A1|2015-04-29|
    KR102291354B1|2021-08-19|
    JP2015081085A|2015-04-27|
    US9352615B2|2016-05-31|
    BR102014025872A2|2015-09-22|
    EP2865543B1|2018-12-26|
    KR20150046740A|2015-04-30|
    CN104553620B|2017-10-03|
    US20150107735A1|2015-04-23|
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    KR102278896B1|2019-12-20|2021-07-19|넥센타이어 주식회사|Tire having the multi tread|
    EP3838617A1|2019-12-20|2021-06-23|The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company|A rubber composition and a tire|
    WO2021261221A1|2020-06-25|2021-12-30|住友ゴム工業株式会社|Tire|
    FR3111845A1|2020-06-26|2021-12-31|Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin|Tire with a tread optimized for wet grip in worn condition|
    法律状态:
    2015-09-22| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-11-06| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-24| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-08-11| B07A| Technical examination (opinion): publication of technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-01| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-15| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 16/10/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US14/059,866|2013-10-22|
    US14/059,866|US9352615B2|2013-10-22|2013-10-22|Pneumatic tire with multi-tread cap|
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