• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    methods for generating reactive power. The present invention generally relates to the field of wind turbines and more particularly to voltage control systems and techniques for use with wind turbine generators (110) that have continuous reactive power control for at least part of the reactive power compensation function. it is a system and associated method for generating reactive power for a wind turbine generator that includes receiving a voltage command signal above the generator. a reactive current (280) is determined for the wind turbine generator (110) in response to the voltage command signal and is transmitted to a controller (150) of the wind turbine generator (110) to generate real and reactive power with based on the reactive current command. a smoothing value can be generated and applied to the voltage command signal (210).
    公开号:BR102014020986B1
    申请号:R102014020986-7
    申请日:2014-08-26
    公开日:2021-08-17
    发明作者:Einar Vaughn Larsen；Alfredo Sebastian Achilles
    申请人:General Electric Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [001] The present invention generally relates to the field of wind turbines and more particularly to voltage control systems and techniques for use with wind turbine generators that have continuous reactive power control for at least part of the reactive power compensation function. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [002] Wind power generation is typically provided by a wind "farm" with a large number (usually 100 or more) of wind turbine generators. Individual wind turbine generators can provide important benefits to power system operation related to attenuation of voltage surge caused by wind gusts and attenuation of voltage drift caused by external events.
    [003] In a wind farm scenario, each wind turbine generator can experience a particular wind power. Therefore, each wind turbine generator typically includes a local controller to control the response to wind gusts and other external events. Prior art wind farm control was generally based on one of two architectures: local control with reactive power or constant power factor, and park level control in voltage control; or local control in constant voltage control without park level control.
    [004] Local control with park level control and constant power factor in voltage control requires fast communications with aggressive action from park level to local level. If park level control is inactive, local control can aggravate the voltage surge. With constant voltage control on each generator, steady-state operation varies significantly with small deviations in loading in the transmission network. This causes wind turbine generators to encounter limits on steady-state operation that prevent a response to disturbances, resulting in a loss of voltage regulation. Due to the fact that the reactive current is higher than necessary during this mode of operation, the overall efficiency of the wind turbine generator decreases.
    [005] US Patent 7,224,081 describes a voltage control method and system for wind turbines in which a reactive power regulator controls the reactive power output of individual wind turbines in a wind farm by adjusting the setpoint voltage to a voltage regulator. This scheme depends on receiving a reactive power command for each wind turbine generator. At the individual wind turbine level, a fast voltage regulator retains a low voltage side of the wind turbine at a setpoint, which is adjusted by the reactive power regulator to follow the command from the wind farm control. The reactive power regulator has a first time constant that is numerically greater than a voltage regulator time constant. This control scheme is beneficial in that it forces all wind turbines within the wind farm to have the same reactive power output. Furthermore, if the wind farm level control is off, all wind turbines are at a pre-set reactive power output even if the mains voltage varies. One drawback of this scheme, however, is that the wind farm controller must act through the time constant of the reactive power regulator. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [006] Aspects and advantages of the invention will be presented in part in the following description, or they may be obvious from the description, or they may be learned by applying the invention.
    [007] A particular method embodiment for generating reactive power for a wind turbine generator includes receiving a voltage command signal from a level above the generator, such as from a wind farm or substation controller. In that description, the term "farm level" is generally intended to include all such level configurations above the generator, such as a multiple wind turbine substation, a multiple substation wind farm or multiple wind turbines, and so on. A reactive current command is generated to the wind turbine generator in response to the voltage command signal. The reactive current command is transmitted to a wind turbine generator converter controller to generate reactive power based on the reactive current command.
    [008] In the embodiments described herein, the voltage command signal is a wind farm level command signal that is applied to all or a subset of wind turbines within a wind farm.
    [009] In a particular embodiment, the voltage command signal is limited to a range of upper and lower limits based on the generator terminal voltage, and the reactive current command is limited to a range based on a rating of current from the wind turbine generator.
    [010] The generation of the reactive current command with the voltage command signal can be achieved in several ways. For example, in one embodiment, the voltage command signal is compared to a measured terminal voltage from the wind turbine generator to generate an error voltage signal transmitted to a voltage regulator.
    [011] The voltage command signal can be adjusted before generating the reactive current command. In one embodiment, the voltage command signal is adjusted as a function of a local reactive power drop characteristic for the wind turbine generator. The drop characteristic is predefined, and can vary between different wind turbine generators within a wind farm. With this embodiment, a voltage leveling signal can be generated as a function of the reactive power drop characteristic and a reactive power feedback signal measured from the wind turbine generator, with the voltage leveling signal applied to the voltage command signal to generate an adjusted voltage command signal. This adjusted signal can then be compared to the measured terminal voltage to generate a voltage error signal, which is used to generate the reactive current command.
    [012] In another embodiment, the voltage command signal is adjusted as a function of an actual power offset value that is assigned to the wind turbine based, for example, on the location of the wind turbine within a wind farm. The actual power offset value can be preset and, as mentioned, can vary between different wind turbine generators based on their location within a wind farm. With this embodiment, a voltage leveling signal can be generated as a function of the real power displacement characteristic and a real power feedback signal measured from the wind turbine generator, with the voltage leveling signal applied to the voltage command signal to generate an adjusted voltage command signal. This adjusted signal can then be compared to the measured terminal voltage to generate a voltage error signal, which is used to generate the reactive current command.
    [013] In a still further embodiment, the voltage command signal can be adjusted as a combined function of a local reactive power drop characteristic and the actual power shift value for the wind turbine generator. One of, or both of, the sag characteristic and the actual power displacement value may vary between different wind turbine generators within the wind farm. A voltage leveling signal is generated as a function of the combination of the reactive power drop characteristic applied to a measured reactive power feedback signal to the wind turbine generator, and the actual power offset value applied to a measured reactive power feedback signal. measured real power for the wind turbine generator. The voltage smoothing signal is applied to the voltage command signal to generate an adjusted voltage command signal. This adjusted signal can then be compared to the measured terminal voltage to generate a voltage error signal, which is used to generate the reactive current command.
    [014] The park level controller can be configured in several ways. In certain embodiments, the park level controller includes a voltage regulator with inputs of (a) the plant level voltage and (b) the output of reactive and real power from individual turbines, and an issue of a command of park level voltage.
    [015] These and other functions, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this descriptive report, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [016] A complete and enabling disclosure of the present invention, which includes the best way of it, directed to a person skilled in the art, is presented in the descriptive report, which makes reference to the attached Figures.
    [017] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a wind farm that has multiple wind turbine generators coupled to a transmission network.
    [018] Figure 2 is a control diagram of an embodiment of a wind turbine generator control system.
    [019] Figure 3 is a control diagram of an alternative embodiment of a wind turbine generator control system.
    [020] Figure 4 is a control diagram of another embodiment of a wind turbine generator control system.
    [021] Figure 5 is a control diagram of a still different embodiment of a wind turbine generator control system according to aspects of the invention. DESCRIPTION OF ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE INVENTION
    [022] References will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the figures. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. Indeed, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, functions illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to generate yet another embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention include such modifications and variations within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
    [023] A wind turbine generator control system in accordance with aspects of the invention is based on sending a reference voltage command to all wind turbines within a wind farm or substation, rather than a reactive power command, as is done in the state of the art. For networks that require stabilization, this control scheme is advantageous as changing the reference voltage affects wind turbine operation more quickly. The reference voltage control scheme is implemented with relatively fast voltage regulation for individual generators at the generator terminals or at a remote synthesized point (eg between the generator terminals and the collector bus). A voltage leveling or bias signal can be generated (as described in more detail below) and applied to the reference voltage command to adjust the voltage setpoint of a relatively fast voltage regulator that generates the reactive current command to the turbine generator.
    [024] It should be verified that the reference voltage command signal can be generated by any park level controller (level above the generator), such as a substation controller or a park level controller. For descriptive purposes, embodiments are described herein with respect to a wind farm in which a plurality of wind turbines are in communication with a wind farm level controller.
    [025] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a wind farm 100 that has multiple wind turbine generators coupled to a transmission grid. Figure 1 illustrates only three wind generators; however, any number of wind generators can be included in a wind farm.
    [026] Each wind turbine generator 110 includes a local controller that is responsive to the conditions of the wind turbine generator under control. In one embodiment, the controller for each wind turbine generator only detects terminal voltage and current (via potential and current transformers). The detected voltage and current are used by the local controller to provide an appropriate response to make the wind turbine generator deliver the desired reactive power and voltage. A control system diagram corresponding to an embodiment of a wind turbine generator controller is described in more detail below with respect to Figure 2.
    [027] Each wind turbine generator 110 is coupled to collector bus 120 through generator connection transformers 115 to provide real and reactive power (labeled Pwg and Qwg, respectively) to collector bus 120. Collector busbars and connection transformers generators are known in the art.
    [028] The wind farm 100 provides a real and reactive power emission (labeled Pwf and Qwf, respectively) through the wind farm main transformer 130. The farm level controller 150 detects the wind farm emission as well as the voltage at the common coupling point (PCC) 140, to provide a park level wind generator terminal voltage command (Vwtg park level cmd) 155. In one embodiment, the park level controller 150 provides a single signal Vwtg Cmd 155 to all wind turbine generators in wind farm 100. In alternative embodiments, farm level controller 150 may provide multiple commands to wind turbine generator sub-assemblies of wind farm 100. wind turbine can be based on, for example, a park-level voltage regulator.
    [029] Still referring to Figure 1, the local controller of each wind turbine generator 110 may also be provided with a command signal Q 105 (QCmd) generated at the local or operator level, for example, in the event that the wind turbine generator is in manual mode or otherwise out of communication with the wind farm controller 150, as explained in more detail below.
    [030] The control system of Figure 2 provides an improved command structure involving both turbine and park level control, which can perform robust park level voltage control performance with uniform reactive power output from the turbines. wind power.
    [031] Referring to the wind turbine control system diagram of the embodiment of Figure 2, the control system generally includes a voltage regulator circuit that operates relatively quickly (eg 20 rad/s). The voltage regulator setpoint can be adjusted as described below. A requirement with this control system is the maintenance of a reasonable balance of reactive power coming from all wind turbine generators within the wind farm. For most applications, this can be completed with the system of Figure 2, depending essentially solely on the impedances of the respective 115 wind turbine transformers (Figure 1). For applications where the collector impedance introduces significant imbalances in the current flow for different wind turbine generators, for example, as in a long feeder with many wind turbines, then a polarization or leveling function can be applied, as discussed below in reference to Figures 3 to 5.
    [032] Conceptually, the control system of Figure 2 provides a wind turbine generator terminal voltage control by regulating the voltage in accordance with a reference set by a controller at a level above the generator (eg, substation or wind farm). In the present case, this highest reference is the park level signal Vwtg Cmd 155. The wind turbine generator terminal voltage is regulated in the short term (eg less than a few seconds) to attenuate the effects of fast transients network.
    [033] The park level voltage command signal Vwtg Cmd 155 is transmitted to a limiter circuit 240, which serves to maintain the signal value within defined limits and generate a setpoint voltage command signal Vcommand 250 , which indicates to a generator the reactive power to be supplied by the generator. Vcommand 250 is limited by limiter 240 to a predetermined range between Vmax 242 and Vmin 244. These values of Vmax 242 and Vmin 244 can be defined in terms of percent rated generator emission. For example, Vmax 242 might be 105% of rated generator voltage, and Vmin 244 might be 95% of rated generator voltage. Alternative limits can also be used.
    [034] In the illustrated embodiment of Figure 2, the Vcommand 250 is compared to a signal 255 which indicates the measured terminal voltage for the generator. The difference between Vcommand 250 and the measured terminal voltage 255 is a voltage error signal 260 (VError), which is reduced by the voltage regulator 270 to cause the measured voltage to follow the voltage command.
    [035] Based on the 260 voltage error signal (VERro), the 270 voltage regulator generates the 280 reactive current command (Irq Cmd), which is used to control the generator current. In one embodiment, voltage regulator 270 is a PI controller that has a closed loop time constant of approximately 50 milliseconds. Other types of controllers can also be used such as PD controllers, PID controllers, etc. Other time constants can be used (eg 1 second, 20 milliseconds, 75 milliseconds, 45 milliseconds) for the 270 voltage regulator.
    [036] In general, there are two components of a generator current command. They are the real power component called the Id Cmd and the reactive power component called the Iq Cmd. The current command 280 generated as described with respect to Figure 2 is the reactive component (Irq Cmd) of the current command. The actual component, or Id Cmd, can be generated in any manner known in the art. The reactive current command 280 is limited to Iq max 272 and Iq min 274. Values for Iq max 272 and Iq min 274 can be based on generator current ratings. For example, Iq max 272 can be set as a percentage of rated current for the generator, and Iq min 274 can be set as - Iq max. Alternative limits can also be used.
    [037] The current command 280 is transmitted to a wind turbine generator controller to generate the real and reactive power based on the current commands. In one embodiment, all limits discussed with respect to Figure 2 are non-windup limits; however, in alternative embodiments, a subset of the limits may be non-windup limits. Limits were discussed in terms of fixed parameters; however, dynamically variable parameters provided, for example, by a lookup table, a processor, or a state machine that executes a control algorithm that can provide the limits. Such a dynamically variable limit can be based on a generator current rating and a contemporary actual power output.
    [038] As mentioned, it may be desirable in certain applications to apply a bias or smoothing value to the voltage command signal Vcommand 250 to achieve a reasonable balance of reactive power between wind turbine generators, for example, when the Collector impedance introduces imbalances in current flows between wind turbine generators. In this regard, Figure 3 depicts an embodiment of the system in which the park level voltage command signal Vwtg Cmd 155 is set as a function of a local reactive power drop characteristic for the wind turbine generator. This drop characteristic is predefined, and can vary between different wind turbine generators within a wind farm. For example, a 4% droop preset characteristic will provide a particular reactive current value at the generator operating voltage, as compared to a 6% droop preset characteristic for a different wind turbine generator. The drop characteristic can be determined for the various wind turbines based on the impedance between that wind turbine and the wind farm substation bus. The use of the term "drop" in this context is the same as known in the art to cause reactive power to be shared between multiple reactive power sources in an alternating current (AC) power system.
    [039] Still referring to Figure 3, a bias value signal or "delta voltage leveling" (dVtrim) 208 is generated as a function of the reactive power decay characteristic and a measured reactive power feedback signal (QFbk ) 202 indicative of the effective emission of reactive power of individual wind turbine. Signal dVtrim 208 is added to park level voltage command signal Vwtg Cmd 155 to produce an adjusted command voltage signal (VAdj cmd) 210, which is essentially the setpoint voltage for the downstream voltage regulator 270. The dVtrim 208 signal is maintained with set limits dVmax 204 and dVmin 206.
    [040] The set command voltage signal VAdj cmd 210 is transmitted to the limiter circuit 240, which serves to keep the signal value within the defined limits and generate a command setpoint voltage Vcommand 250 command. of the Figure 3 system are essentially the same as discussed above with respect to the Figure 2 system.
    [041] Figure 4 depicts an alternative embodiment in which the park level voltage command signal Vwtg Cmd 155 is adjusted to achieve a reactive power balance between the wind turbine generators. In that embodiment, the voltage command signal Vwtg Cmd 155 is adjusted as a function of an actual power offset value that is assigned to the wind turbine based, for example, on the location of the wind turbine within a wind farm. The actual power offset value is preset and applied by a compensator 214 and, as mentioned, can vary between different wind turbine generators based on respective locations within a wind farm. With this embodiment, a dVtrim voltage leveling signal 208 can be generated as a function of the real power offset value and a measured real power feedback signal (PFbk) 212 from the wind turbine generator, where the signal is voltage leveling command dVtrim 208 is applied to park level voltage command signal Vwtg Cmd 155 to generate a voltage adjusted command signal VAdj cmd 210. As with the embodiment of Figure 3, the adjusted command voltage signal VAdj cmd 210 is transmitted to limiter circuit 240, which serves to keep the signal value within defined limits and generate a setpoint voltage command signal Vcommand 250. The remaining functionalities of the system of Figure 4 are essentially the same as discussed above about the system of Figures 2 and 3.
    [042] The actual power displacement value used in the system of Figure 4 can be based on the impedance resistance component between the particular wind turbine and the substation. For example, if the resistive portion of the voltage difference between the wind turbine and the substation is 2%, then that turbine would also use it as a parameter in calculating 2% actual power displacement. So at rated power, the actual power offset would be 2%. The actual power displacement would vary in proportion to the actual power value measured in that turbine.
    [043] Figure 5 depicts an embodiment in which the park level voltage command signal Vwtg Cmd 155 is adjusted by a combination of an actual power offset value as discussed above with respect to Figure 4 and a characteristic of reactive power drop as discussed above with respect to Figure 3. The resulting bias or trim value dVtrim 208 applied to the park level voltage command signal Vwtg Cmd 155 to generate the adjusted voltage command signal VAdj cmd 210 can be an additive result from two different types of offsets, or any other result from different offsets.
    [044] References in the specification to "one (1) embodiment" or "an achievement" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Occurrences of the expression "in one achievement" at various points in the descriptive report do not necessarily refer to the same achievement. Additionally, although the present matter has been described in detail regarding specific exemplary embodiments and methods thereof, it should be noted that those skilled in the art, upon gaining an understanding of the foregoing, can readily produce changes, variations, and equivalents of such achievements. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure is by way of example, rather than by way of limitation, and the disclosure of the subject matter does not exclude the inclusion of such modifications, variations and/or additions to this subject matter, as will be readily evident for a technician in the subject.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    1. METHOD FOR THE GENERATION OF REACTIVE POWER, for a wind turbine generator (110) within a wind farm (100), characterized by comprising the steps of: a) receiving, from a park level controller (150), a park level voltage command signal (155), the park level voltage command signal (155) being determined as a function of a wind park output power (100) and a voltage at a point of common coupling (PCC) (140) of a plurality of wind turbine generators (110); b) adjusting the park level voltage command signal (155) as a function of a local reactive power drop characteristic for the wind turbine generator (110) generating a voltage leveling signal as a function of the reactive power drop characteristic and a reactive power feedback signal measured from the wind turbine generator (110), limiting the reactive power leveling signal. voltage to a predetermined and applied range. applying the voltage leveling signal to the voltage command signal (155) to generate an adjusted voltage command signal (210); c) determining a reactive current command (280) for the wind turbine generator (110) at responding to the adjusted voltage command signal (210); d) transmitting the reactive current command (280) to a controller (150) of the wind turbine generator (110); and e) generating a reactive power based on the reactive current command (280) which is determined in response to the park level voltage command signal (155).
    [0002]
    2. METHOD according to claim 1, characterized in that the park level voltage command signal (155) is limited to a range of upper and lower limits based on the generator terminal voltage, and the reactive current command (280) be limited to a range based on a current rating of the wind turbine generator (110).
    [0003]
    A METHOD according to claim 2, characterized in that the park level voltage command signal (155) is compared to a measured terminal voltage of the wind turbine generator (110) to generate an error voltage signal transmitted to a voltage regulator (270).
    [0004]
    4. METHOD according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the park level voltage command signal (155) is a wind park level command signal applicable to all or a subset of wind turbines (110 ) within a wind farm (100).
    [0005]
    5. METHOD, according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the drop characteristic is predefined and varies for different wind turbine generators (110) within a wind farm (100) or substation.
    [0006]
    6. METHOD according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises adjusting the voltage command signal (155) as a function of an actual power displacement value for the wind turbine.
    [0007]
    7. METHOD, according to claim 6, characterized in that the real power displacement value is preset and varies for different wind turbine generators (110) within a wind farm (100) or substation.
    [0008]
    8. METHOD according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that it comprises generating a voltage leveling signal as a function of the real power displacement value and a real power feedback signal measured from the wind turbine generator (110), and applying the voltage smoothing signal to the voltage command signal to generate an adjusted voltage command signal (210).
    [0009]
    9. METHOD according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it further comprises adjusting the voltage command signal (210) as a combined function of a local reactive power drop characteristic and real power displacement value for the wind turbine generator (110).
    [0010]
    10. METHOD according to claim 9, characterized in that either one or both of the drop characteristic and the actual power displacement value vary for different wind turbine generators (110) within a wind farm or substation (100) .
    [0011]
    11. METHOD according to any one of claims 9 to 10, characterized in that it comprises generating a voltage leveling signal as a function of the combination of the reactive power drop characteristic applied to a measured reactive power feedback signal to the generator of the wind turbine (110), and the actual power offset value applied to a measured actual power feedback signal to the wind turbine generator (110), and applying the voltage leveling signal to the voltage command signal for generate a voltage adjusted command signal.
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    法律状态:
    2020-09-29| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-10-06| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-06-29| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-08-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 26/08/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US14/018,482|2013-09-05|
    US14/018,482|US9318988B2|2013-09-05|2013-09-05|System and method for voltage control of wind generators|
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