• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    VEHICLE, ELECTRICAL MACHINE COUPLED TO A DEVICE ACTIVATED IN A VEHICLE, AND COOLING METHOD OF AN ELECTRICAL MACHINE COUPLED TO A DEVICE ACTIVATED IN A VEHICLE. An electric motor coupled to a device powered by a vehicle. The electric motor includes a rotor and a shaft coupled to the rotor. The rotor has at least one radially oriented cavity and at least one fluid channel. The fluid channel extends in a generally axial direction. The fluid channel is fluidly connected to at least one radially oriented cavity. The shaft has a fluid path in it. The at least one radially oriented cavity has a fluid connection for the fluid flow path of the shaft. The at least one radially oriented cavity leads to a radial outlet from the rotor for a flow of fluid therein.
    公开号:BR102013012881B1
    申请号:R102013012881-3
    申请日:2013-05-23
    公开日:2020-11-10
    发明作者:Daryl T. Brown；Kyle K. Mckinzie
    申请人:Deere & Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [001] The present invention relates to electric generators and motors, and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for cooling the rotor of an electric machine. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [002] An electric motor is an electromagnetic / mechanical device that converts electrical energy into thermal energy. Conversely, an electrical generator is an electromagnetic / mechanical device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Electric machines such as motors and generators operate through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors that generate power or electricity, respectively. Electric motors are found in applications as diverse as pumps, blowers, fans, machine tools, household applications, power tools, disk drives on computers and the like. Electric motors come in various sizes from electric motors that are used in watches to large generators / electric motors used in locomotive engines.
    [003] An electric motor rotor is typically the rotating part of the motor and it rotates because the magnetic fields are arranged in the motor so that the torque is developed around the geometric axis of the rotor. Electrical systems typically include motors and electric power generators that have electromagnetic or permanent magnet rotors. Heat is generated in the rotor due to the change in magnetic fields, which are present in the rotor causing the temperature to rise in the rotor. It is desirable to cool the rotor to protect the magnets or electromagnets from damage and to increase the energy density of the electrical machine to allow more energy from a physically smaller sized electric motor.
    [004] Conventional cooling methods include circulating oil or convective air through the engine. A rotor cooling structure is illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 5,283,488 in which a cylindrically shaped heat pipe is used to cool a rotor. The heat pipe has an internal steam chamber with an evaporator end, a condenser end and a plurality of radially spaced fins at the periphery of the heat pipe. Each of the fins defines an internal chamber that communicates with and extends radially from a steam chamber. A liquid that can be vaporized is disposed inside the heat pipe and the heat exchanger is in thermal contact with a condenser end of the heat pipe.
    [005] It is also known to cool a rotor through the use of cooling holes having a shape that is convex that passes through the rotor, as shown in U.S. Patent No. 7,705,503, in which the cooling holes are arranged having a preset spacing from paired permanent magnets. The refrigerant flows through the cooling holes to remove the heat conducted through them.
    [006] The problem with the cooling method of the aforementioned technique is that they do not cool the rotor as is actually necessary.
    [007] What is needed in the art is an efficient cooling device and method for directly cooling the magnets or electromagnets of an electric motor. SUMMARY
    [008] The present invention provides a method and apparatus for cooling a rotor in an electrical machine.
    [009] The invention in a form is directed to a vehicle that has a driven device and an electric motor coupled and that drives the driven device. The electric motor includes a rotor and a shaft coupled to the rotor. The rotor has at least one radially oriented cavity and at least one fluid channel. The fluid channel extends in a generally axial direction. The fluid channel is fluidly connected to at least one radially oriented cavity. The shaft has a fluid passage path in it. The at least one radially oriented cavity leads to a radial outlet from the rotor for a flow of fluid therefrom.
    [0010] The invention in another form is directed to an electric motor coupled to a device driven by a vehicle. The electric motor includes a rotor and a shaft coupled to the rotor. The rotor has at least one radially oriented cavity and at least one fluid channel. The fluid channel extends in a generally axial direction. The fluid channel is fluidly connected to at least one radially oriented cavity. The shaft has a fluid passage path in it. The at least one radially oriented cavity has a fluid connection to the fluid flow path of the shaft. The at least one radially oriented cavity leads to a radial outlet from the rotor for a fluid flow therefrom.
    [0011] The invention in yet another way is directed to a method to cool an electric motor coupled to and that drives a device driven in a vehicle. The method including the steps of moving a fluid, continuing the flow, diverging the flow and getting the fluid out of the rotor. The movement step includes the movement of the fluid through a fluid passage path on an axis. The shaft is coupled with the drive device. The continuation step including continuing the movement of the fluid from the fluid passage path in at least one radially oriented cavity of the rotor connected to the shaft. The divergence step includes diverging at least a portion of the fluid into at least one fluid channel in the rotor. The fluid channel extends in a generally axial direction. The fluid channel is fluidly connected to at least one radially oriented cavity. The step of getting the fluid out of the rotor includes getting the fluid out of the rotor through at least one radial outlet in the rotor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0012] The features and advantages mentioned above and other features and advantages of this invention, and the way to achieve them, will become more apparent and the invention will be better understood by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 illustrates a vehicle that uses an electric motor modality that uses a cooling method of the present invention; Fig. 2 is an electric motor used in the vehicle of Fig. 1; and fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electric motor of Fig. 2.
    [0013] Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts through the various views. The example set here illustrates one embodiment of the invention, in one form, and such exemplification should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [0014] Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly Fig. 1, a vehicle 10 is illustrated, which may be in the form of an agricultural machine, a construction machine, a forest machine or other type of equipment. Vehicle 10 includes a chassis 12 with ground hitch devices 14 that are driven either directly or indirectly by at least one electric machine, illustrated as an electric motor 16 which is electrical power supplied via a power source such as an engine 18 with an electrical generator connected to it. The electrical energy from the energy source is applied, under the control of the machine operator, to the electric motor 16 to drive driven devices 14.
    [0015] Now, in reference in addition to Figs. 2 and 3 more detail of the electric motor 16 is illustrated, with the electrical connections being omitted for the sake of clarity. The mechanical energy from the electric motor 16 can be supplemented by a mechanical drive that supplies power to the driven device 14 or the electric motor 16 can be the only driver of the driven devices 14. The electric motor 16 is cooled by a supply of refrigerant fluid 20 which has fluid 22 supplied therefrom and may include an external pump, supply tank and cooling system, not separately illustrated.
    [0016] The electric motor 16 includes an axle 24, a rotor 26 and a stator 28. A housing encompasses these elements thus containing fluid 22 and helps to provide a return fluid flow path. The shaft 24 has a fluid passage path 30 that allows fluid 22 to flow to the electric motor 16 and through a portion of shaft 24 in an axial direction 38. Rotor 26 is connected to shaft 24 and extends outward thereafter in a generally radial direction 54. Rotor 26 includes radially oriented cavities 32 and 34, a fluid channel 36, fluid outlets 40 and 42, laminations 44 and rotor end caps 46 and 48. Stator 28 includes laminations stator 50 and 52 and end curves 52. The radially oriented cavities 32 and 34 are respectively formed by rotor end caps 46 and 48, which are in contact respectively with the end laminations of the laminating stack 44. The cavities radially oriented 32 and 34 can extend substantially around a face of the respective end laminations. The flow of fluid 22, in the radially oriented cavities 32 and 34, is in a generally radial direction 54 although a serpentine path is also contemplated. The shape of the radially oriented cavities 32 and 34 can be used to stop the fluid flow 22 as it approaches the fluid outlets 40 and 42.
    [0017] The fluid channel 36 extends from the radially oriented cavity 32 through the lamination stack 44 to the radially oriented cavity 34. The radially oriented cavities 32 and 34 can be substantially similar. The fluid flow 22 through the fluid channel 36 is in a generally axial direction 38, but in a direction opposite to the fluid flow 22 which enters the axis 24 and passes through the fluid passage path 30. The fluid 22 flows through fluid channel 36 in a direction substantially normal to fluid flow 22 in radially oriented cavities 32 and 34. Fluid outlets 40 and 42 can be distributed around the circumference of rotor 26 and can be segmented or shaped cracks between rotor end caps 46 and 48 and laminations 44. Additionally, fluid outlets 40 and 42 can be perforations in the rotor end caps 46 and 48 or some other arrangement. Fluid outlets 40 and 42 can be sized to control fluid flow 22 such that fluid 22 will flow through fluid channel 36. Fluid outlets 40 and 42 can be sized differently to control the amount of fluid 22 that passes through fluid channel 36. Multiple fluid channels 36 can be spaced around rotor 26. Additionally, fluid channels 36 can travel in a spiral direction or some other almost serpentine way that travels in a generally axial direction 38 from the radially oriented cavity 32 through the laminations 44 to the radially oriented cavity 34.
    [0018] The movement of the rotor 26 can guarantee the fluid flow 22 through the passage path 30, the radially oriented cavity 32, the fluid channel 36 and the radially oriented cavity 34 in such a way that when the motor speed increases more fluid is removed through rotor 26.
    [0019] As fluid 22 departs from fluid outlets 40 and 42 some fluid comes into contact with stator end curves 52 as well as stator laminations 50. Fluid 22 is then generated within the housing of electric motor 16 and part of it carrying the heat collected on its journey through the electric motor 16 for the dissipation of the accumulated heat through the supply of fluid refrigerant 20 by conventional means.
    [0020] As seen in Fig. 3, fluid 22 is introduced at one end of an electrical machine rotor shaft 24. Shaft 24 contains a radial orifice that extends from the fluid path 30 to introduce oil in the radially oriented cavity 32 formed by the rotor end cap 46 and laminations 44. Since the fluid 22 is in the radially oriented cavity 32, the fluid 22 can then flow radially then flow axially into the fluid channel 36 extending through the laminations 44 to the radially oriented cavity 34 at the opposite end of the rotor 26. The fluid in both cavities 32 or 34 will flow radially out of the rotor end caps 46 and 48 through machined or cast channels that direct fluid 22 to the side bottom of stator 24. This fluid flow 22 allows heat to be carried away from rotor 26 and at least a portion of stator 28 to effectively cool electric motor 16 by one efficient economic way.
    [0021] Also shown in Fig. 3 is an interface device 56 that engages a fluid supply tube with the rotating shaft 24 that allows fluid flow 22 through it to cool rotor 26 specifically and the electric motor 16 in general . Although fluid flow is illustrated at fluid outlets 40 and 42 at the top of the illustration as a curved surface extending from rotor 26, this is not shown at the bottom of the illustration, but fluid 22 is also moving from one similar way in it. Several fluid channels 36 can exist around the rotor 26 to substantially cool the rotor 26 substantially. The supply of fluid refrigerant 20 is schematically shown as a box and may include a pump, a fluid storage tank, a heat exchanger and an expansion tank as needed to cool fluid 22 and to supply cooled fluid 22 to electric motor 16.
    [0022] While this invention has been described with respect to at least one modality, the present invention can be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. In addition, this application is intended to cover such leaks in the present disclosure as they come within customary practice and known in the art to which this invention belongs and which falls within the limits of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [0001]
    1. Electric machine (16) coupled to a driven device (14) in a vehicle (10) comprising: a rotor (26) having at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) and at least one fluid channel (36) , the fluid channel (36) extending in a generally axial direction (38), characterized by the fact that: the fluid channel (36) being fluidly connected to at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34); the at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) having a first portion radially into the fluid channel (36) and a second portion radially out of the fluid channel (36); and an axis (24) coupled to the rotor (26), the axis (24) having a fluid passage path (30) therein, to at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) having a fluid connection to the fluid passage path (30), to at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) leading to a radial outlet (40, 42) from the rotor (26) for a fluid flow (22).
    [0002]
    2. Electric machine (16) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it additionally comprises a stator positioned to find at least part of the fluid that exits from the rotor (26).
    [0003]
    Electric machine (16) according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) and at least one fluid channel (36) are configured so that at least part of the fluid in at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) is diverged to flow through the fluid channel (36).
    [0004]
    Electric machine (16) according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) includes a first radially oriented cavity (32) and a second radially oriented cavity (34), the fluid channel (36) fluidly connecting the first radially oriented cavity (32) to the second radially oriented cavity (34).
    [0005]
    5. Electric machine (16) according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the fluid flows in the fluid passage path (30) in a first direction, the fluid flowing in the fluid channel (36) in a second direction , the first direction and the second direction being substantially opposed.
    [0006]
    Electric machine (16) according to claim 5, characterized in that the rotor (26) additionally includes: at least one end cap (46, 48); and a plurality of laminations (44) through which the fluid channel (36) extends, the cap being in contact with at least one of the plurality of laminations (44) with at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) being among them.
    [0007]
    Electric machine (16) according to claim 6, characterized in that the at least one end cap (46, 48) includes a first end cap (46) and a second end cap (48), the first end cap (46) being in contact with a lamination at one end of the plurality of laminations (44) and the second end cap (48) being in contact with a lamination at an opposite end of the plurality of laminations (44) , the first end cap (46) associated with the first radially oriented cavity (32) and the second end cap (48) being associated with the second radially oriented cavity (34).
    [0008]
    Electric machine (16) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) includes a first radially oriented cavity (32) and a second radially oriented cavity (34), the fluid channel (36) being fluidly connected to the first radially oriented cavity (32) and to the second radially oriented cavity (34), the rotor (26) being configured so that at least part of the fluid that flows from the fluid passage path (30) to the first radially oriented cavity (32, 34), then flow to the fluid channel (36), then to the second radially oriented cavity (34).
    [0009]
    9. Vehicle (10) comprising: a driven device (14); and an electric motor (16) coupled and which drives the driven device (14), the electric motor (16) including: a rotor (26) having at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) and at least one fluid channel (36), the fluid channel (36) extending in a generally axial direction (38), characterized by the fact that: the fluid channel (36) being fluidly connected to at least one radially oriented cavity (32 , 34); the at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) having a first portion radially into the fluid channel (36) and a second portion radially out of the fluid channel (36); and an axis (24) coupled to the rotor (26); the shaft (24) having a fluid passage path (30) therein, to at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) having a fluid connection to the fluid connection path, to at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) leading to a radial outlet (40, 42) configured for a fluid flow (22) from the rotor (26).
    [0010]
    10. Vehicle (10) according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the electric motor (16) includes a stator positioned to find at least part of the fluid (28) coming out of the rotor (26).
    [0011]
    Vehicle (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that the at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) and at least one fluid channel (36) are configured so that at least part of the fluid (22) in at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) is diverged to flow through the fluid channel (36).
    [0012]
    Vehicle (10) according to claim 11, characterized in that the at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) includes a first radially oriented cavity (32) and a second radially oriented cavity (34), the fluid channel (36) fluidly connecting the first radially oriented cavity (32) to the second radially oriented cavity (34).
    [0013]
    13. Vehicle (10) according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the fluid flows in the fluid passage path (30) in a first direction, the fluid flowing in the fluid channel (36) in a second direction, the first direction and the second direction being substantially opposed.
    [0014]
    Vehicle (10) according to claim 13, characterized in that the rotor (26) additionally includes: at least one end cap (46, 48); and a plurality of laminations (44) through which the fluid channel (36) extends, the cap being in contact with at least one of the plurality of laminations (44) with at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) being among them.
    [0015]
    Vehicle (10) according to claim 14, characterized in that the at least one end cap (46, 48) includes a first end cap (46) and a second end cap (48), the first end cap (46) being in contact with a lamination at one end of the plurality of laminations (44) and the second end cap (48) being in contact with a lamination at an opposite end of the plurality of laminations (44), the first end cap (46) associated with the first radially oriented cavity (32) and the second end cap (48) being associated with the second radially oriented cavity (34).
    [0016]
    Vehicle (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that the at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) includes a first radially oriented cavity (32) and a second radially oriented cavity (34), the fluid channel (36) being fluidly connected to the first radially oriented cavity (32) and to the second radially oriented cavity (34), the rotor (26) being configured so that at least part of the fluid that flows from the path of fluid passage (30) to the first radially oriented cavity (32, 34), then it flows into the fluid channel (36), then to the second radially oriented cavity (34).
    [0017]
    17. Method of cooling an electric machine (16) coupled to a driven device (14) in a vehicle (10), the method characterized by the fact that it comprises the steps of: moving a fluid (22) through a path of fluid passage (30) on an axis (24), the axis (24) being coupled with the driven device (14); continue the movement of the fluid (22) from the fluid passage path (30) in at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) of a rotor (26) connected to the shaft (24); diverge at least a portion of the fluid (22) in at least one fluid channel (36) on the rotor (26), the fluid channel (36) extends in a generally axial direction (38), the fluid channel ( 36) being fluidly connected to a first portion and a second portion of at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34); the first portion radially into the fluid channel (36) and the second portion radially out of the fluid channel (36); and causing the fluid to exit the rotor (26) through at least one radial outlet (40, 42) on the rotor (26).
    [0018]
    18. Method according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that a stator is positioned to find at least part of the fluid leaving the rotor (26).
    [0019]
    19. Method according to claim 18, characterized in that the at least one radially oriented cavity (32, 34) includes a first radially oriented cavity (32) and a second radially oriented cavity (34), the fluid channel (36) fluidly connecting the first radially oriented cavity (32) to the second radially oriented cavity (34).
    [0020]
    20. Method according to claim 19, characterized in that the fluid flows in the fluid passage path (30) in a first direction, the fluid flowing in the fluid channel (36) in a second direction, the first direction and the second direction being substantially opposed.
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    2015-07-07| B03A| Publication of an application: publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention|
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-12-03| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-05-12| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|
    2020-09-01| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-11-10| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 23/05/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/481,203|US8896167B2|2012-05-25|2012-05-25|Electric machine rotor cooling method|
    US13/481203|2012-05-25|
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