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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention provides a method for controlling or preventing a fungal infection on a plant or plant part, the method comprising applying a composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, such as choline argonate, to the plant, the plant part or the growing site of the plant. The invention also provides the use of a composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid as a fungicide on a plant or a plant part.
    公开号:BE1026779B1
    申请号:E20195820
    申请日:2019-11-22
    公开日:2021-01-06
    发明作者:Saegher Johan De；Huu Son Nguyen；Andrea NESLER；Ann VERMAETE；Sandro FRATI
    申请人:Bipa Nv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    COMPOSITION CONTAINING A CHOLINESAL OF A FATTY ACID AND IT USE IT AS A FUNGICIDE
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is located in the field of agriculture and horticulture, especially in the field of crop protection. In particular, the invention relates to environmentally friendly methods and uses for controlling fungi on plants or plant parts.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In order to reduce losses and maintain the quality of agricultural and horticultural crops, many chemicals have been used to control diseases in crops. The use of chemicals to control pests and diseases during crop cultivation often leads to the presence of chemical residues in the crops after harvest. In particular, higher dosages and repeated uses of conventional formulations lead to the build-up of residues in vegetable commodities as well as environmental contamination. In addition to contamination of crops, plants and the environment, the toxicity of the chemical compound to humans and / or animals is also a concern when chemicals are used to control pests and diseases. In this context, the cultivation of crops in a sustainable manner in agriculture is of increasing importance. This requires safer and environmentally friendly formulations and methods for controlling plant fungi and other plant diseases and pests. Accordingly, there remains a need in the art for further and / or improved methods of controlling fungi and / or pests on plants or plant parts. Some fatty acids, such as caprylic acid (C8: 0 fatty acid), pelargonic acid (C9: 0 fatty acid) and capric acid (C10: 0 fatty acid), have herbicidal properties. In particular, pelargonic acid is a naturally occurring saturated nine-carbon fatty acid (C9: 0) and is ubiquitous in nature. Its toxicity to mammals and birds is low. It has been described as a broad spectrum contact herbicide for plants. Pelargonic acid is used to prevent weed growth and as a blossom thinning agent. Pelargonic acid was originally discovered in Pelargonium graveolens. Pelargonic acid's mechanism of action is based on its intercalation in epidermal cells, foliage drying and cell damage. A similar mechanism of action has been suggested for caprylic acid and capric acid.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The inventors of the present application have found that fatty acids, in particular C8-C10 fatty acids, such as caprylic, pelargonic or capric acid, can be used as a fungicide on plants with greatly reduced or even without phytotoxic effects when used as the choline salt of the fatty acid, such as when formulated as choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate, despite the well-known use of such fatty acids, especially caprylic acid, pelargonic acid and capric acid, as a herbicide. The present composition comprising the choline salt of C8-C10 fatty acids, especially choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, more particularly choline argonate, can be used as a fungicide by applying (e.g., spraying) the composition in an amount effective for inhibiting the growth of one or more phytopathogenic fungi on plants or parts thereof without phytotoxicity to the plants or parts thereof. Furthermore, the present composition is environmentally friendly and is not expected to have any unacceptable adverse effects on humans, off-target organisms or the environment. The present composition decomposes rapidly in both a terrestrial and aqueous environment so that it does not accumulate in the environment. Accordingly, a first aspect of the invention relates to the use of a composition comprising the choline salt of one or more C8-C10 fatty acids as a fungicide on a plant or a plant part. The present composition has a satisfactory or even high fungicidal activity on a plant or part thereof, and at the same time shows a reduced phytotoxicity or no phytotoxicity on the plant or part thereof. A more particular aspect of the invention relates to the use of a composition comprising choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate as a fungicide on a plant or plant part. An even more particular aspect of the invention relates to the use of a composition comprising choline argonate as a fungicide on a plant or plant part. In certain embodiments, the composition containing the choline salt of one or more C8-C10
    fatty acids, such as choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, preferably choline argonate, an aqueous composition comprising the respective fatty acid choline salt. In certain embodiments, the composition comprising the one or more fatty acid choline salts is formulated as a spray or sprayable liquid or a concentrate. In certain embodiments, the composition comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, such as choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, is preferably choline argonate, an aqueous composition comprising 0.00001% (w / v) to 70% (w / v) of the C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, such as choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, preferably comprises choline argonate. For example, the composition comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt can be an aqueous composition containing 0.0001% (w / v) to 70% (w / v), 0.001% (w / v) to 65% (w / v) ), 0.01% (w / v) to 60% (w / v), 0.05% (w / v) to 55% (w / v), or 0.1% (w / v) to 50 % (w / v) of the C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt.
    In certain embodiments, the composition comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, such as choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, is preferably choline pellargonate, a solid or powdery composition comprising at least 70% (w / w), at least 80% (w / w) or at least 90% (w / w) or up to 100% (w / w) of the C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, such as choline caprylate, choline ponargonate and / or choline caprate, preferably choline pargonate.
    In certain embodiments, the composition is a concentrate, particularly an aqueous concentrate, containing 5% (w / v) to 70% (w / v) of the C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, such as choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, at preferably choline argonate, preferably 10% (w / v) to 60% (w / v) of the C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt.
    In certain embodiments, the composition is a sprayable liquid containing 0.00001% (w / v) (or 0.1 ppm) to 5% (w / v) of the C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, preferably choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, more preferably choline argonate, preferably 0.05% (w / v) to 2% (w / v) of the C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, such as choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline crate, preferably choline pellargonate. For example, the composition can be a sprayable liquid containing 0.0001% (w / v) (or 1 ppm) to 5% (w / v), 0.001% (w / v) (or 10 ppm) to 5% (w / v). v), 0.01% (w / v) to 5% (w / v), 0.05% (w / v) to 2% (w / v), or 0.1% (w / v) to 1% (w / v) of the C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt.
    In certain embodiments, the composition comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, such as choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, preferably choline argonate, further comprises at least one further additive and / or excipient, such as a solvent, a carrier, a surfactant, an anti-freeze, a thickener, a buffering agent, an anti-foaming agent, an antioxidant, a preservative or a colorant.
    A related aspect of the invention relates to a method for controlling fungi on a plant or a plant part, the method comprising applying a composition comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, such as a choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, preferably choline argonate, in particular an aqueous composition comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, on the plant, plant part or growing site of the plant.
    The present composition advantageously has a satisfactory or even high fungicidal activity when applied to a plant or part thereof, while at the same time showing reduced phytotoxicity or no phytotoxicity to the plant or part thereof.
    In certain embodiments, the fungus is a pathogenic fungus selected from the group consisting of Colletotrichum, Botrytis, Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, Verticillium, Pythium, Phytophtora, Puccinia, Erysiphales (including powdery mildew) and Peronosporaceae (including powdery mildew) downy mildew), Thielaviopsis spp, Magnaporthe grisea; Armillana spp., Ustilago spp., Phakospora pachyrhizi, Guignardia bidwellii, Blumeria graminis, Mychosphaerella spp., Venturia spp., Monilinia spp., Preferably the fungus being Co / letotrichum coccodes, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solarani or Fusarium gramarium.
    In certain embodiments, the plant or plant part is an agricultural or horticultural crop.
    In certain embodiments, the method comprises applying, preferably spraying, a composition containing 0.00001% (w / v) to 5% (w / v) of a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, such as choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate. , preferably choline argonate, on the plant, the plant part or the growing site of the plant.
    For example, the method can apply, preferably spray, a composition containing 0.0001% (w / v) to 5% (w / v), 0.001% (w / v) to 5% (w / v), 0. , 01% (w / v) to 5% (w / v), 0.05% (w / v) to 2% (w / v), or 0.1% (w / v) to 1% (w / v) of a C8-C10-
    fatty acid choline salt included on the plant, the plant part or the growing site of the plant.
    In certain embodiments, the composition comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt such as choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, preferably choline argonate, can be sprayed on the plant, plant part or growing site of the plant. A further aspect relates to a process for preparing a composition comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, such as choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, preferably choline agonate, comprising mixing a C8-C10 fatty acid, preferably pelargonic acid , with water, whereby a solution of the respective fatty acid is obtained; and mixing the solution comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid, preferably pelargonic acid, with choline hydroxide to obtain a composition comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt (e.g., choline caprylate, choline pelargonate and / or choline caprate), preferably choline pargonate. The present method advantageously avoids gelling that occurs when a C8-C10 fatty acid is mixed with choline. In certain embodiments, the fatty acid and choline hydroxide are mixed in a ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 2, preferably in a ratio of 1.5: 1 to 1: 1.5, more preferably in equimolar proportions. In certain embodiments, the method further comprises mixing the composition comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt such as choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, preferably choline argonate, with at least one of an excipient, a solvent, a carrier, a surfactant. agent or an accelerating agent. In certain embodiments, the method further comprises the step of diluting the composition comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt such as choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, preferably choline argonate, prior to application, in particular diluting in a ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 10000000 (i.e. 107), for example in a ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 1000000 (i.e. 10 °), 1: 2 to 1: 100000, 1: 4 to 1: 10000, 1: 5 to 1: 1000, or 1:10 to 1: 500, preferably in a ratio of 1: 5 to 1: 250. In certain embodiments, the method further comprises the step of dissolving a solid composition comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, such as choline caprylate, choline argonate, and / or choline caprate, preferably choline argonate, preferably a solid or powdery composition containing at least 70%. (w / w), at least 80% (w / w) or at least 90% (w / w /) or up to 100% (w / w) of a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, such as choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, preferably choline argonate, in an aqueous solution prior to application.
    Those skilled in the art will appreciate the many other effects and advantages of the present products, methods or applications and the numerous end-use (e.g. farming) possibilities of the present invention from the detailed description and examples provided below.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 represents a graph showing the titration curve of 2ml pelargonic acid (297%) in 48ml distilled water with choline hydroxide (45%).
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION As used herein, the singular forms "a", "the" and "it" include both singular and plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
    The terms "comprising", "comprising" and "comprising" as used herein are synonymous with "included", "including" or "containing", "contains" and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude further -the said members, elements or steps of a method. The terms also include "consisting of," "consisting essentially of," which have meanings well known in patent terminology.
    The indication of numeric areas by means of endpoints includes all numbers and fractions that lie in the respective areas, as well as the mentioned endpoints.
    The term "about" as used herein when referring to a measurable value, such as a parameter, amount, duration, and the like, is intended to mean variations from the stated value, such as variations of +/- 10% or less, preferably +/- 5% or less, more preferably +/- 1% or less, and still more preferably +/- 0.1% or less of said value, as such variations apply for the disclosed invention. It is to be understood that the value to which the determination "about" refers is itself also specifically and preferably disclosed.
    Although the terms "one or more" or "at least one", such as one or more members or at least one member of a group of members, are per se obvious, the term includes as further explanation a reference to one of the members. or to two or more of the members, such as for example 23, 24, 25, 26 or = 7 etc. of the members and up to all these members.
    In another example, "one or more" or "at least one" can refer to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or more.
    Unless defined otherwise, all terms used to disclose the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
    As further guidance, definitions of terms are included to better understand the teachings of the present invention.
    When specific terms are defined in connection with a particular aspect of the invention or a particular embodiment of the invention, such connotation is intended to apply throughout this description, i.e. also in the context of other aspects or embodiments. of the invention, unless otherwise defined.
    In the following passages, various aspects or embodiments of the invention are defined in more detail.
    Any aspect or embodiment so defined may be combined with one or more other aspects or embodiments, unless clearly stated otherwise.
    In particular, a part indicated as preference or advantage can be combined with another part or parts indicated as preference or advantage.
    Reference in this description to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular part, structure or feature as described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention.
    Thus, the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" at different places in this description do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, but may be.
    Furthermore, the specific parts, structures, or features may be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to one of skill in the art from this disclosure.
    Furthermore, since certain embodiments described herein include some, but not all, parts of other embodiments, it is intended that combinations of parts of different embodiments be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments, as would be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, in the appended claims, embodiments of the invention can be used in any combination.
    The present inventors have unexpectedly found that pelargonic acid, a known herbicide, can be used as a fungicide on plants without phytotoxic effects when formulated as choline argonate, especially when used in an amount effective for inhibiting growth. of one or more phytopathogenic fungi.
    A first aspect of the present invention thus relates to the use of a composition comprising the choline salt of one or more C8-C10 fatty acids as a fungicide. A more particular aspect of the invention relates to the use of a composition comprising choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate as a fungicide. An even more particular aspect of the invention relates to the use of a composition comprising choline argonate as a fungicide.
    In general, "fungicide" means the ability of a substance to increase fungal mortality or inhibit the growth rate thereof. A further aspect relates to a method of combating or preventing a fungal infection on a plant or a plant part, the method comprising applying a composition comprising a C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt, for example choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, to preferably choline argonate comprises, on the plant, the plant part or growing site of the plant and / or the area of infection on the plant, in an amount effective to inhibit the growth of one or more phytopathogenic fungi on the plant or the plant part. Further aspects pertain to anti-fungal compositions comprising the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, preferably choline argonate, and methods of preparing the anti-fungal compositions.
    The term "a C8-C10 fatty acid" as used herein refers to a carboxylic acid of the structure CHan: COOH, with n = 7, 8 or 9. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the C8-C10 fatty acid is caprylic acid, pelargonic acid or capric acid. In more preferred embodiments of the present invention, the C8-C10 fatty acid is pelargonic acid.
    "Pelargonic acid" as used herein may also be referred to as "nonanoic acid" or "1-octanecarboxylic acid" or a C9 fatty acid, and refers to an organic compound formed by a nine carbon chain terminating in a carboxylic acid functional group . Likewise, the terms "caprylic acid" and "capric acid" as used herein may also be referred to as "octanoic acid" and "decanoic acid" or a C8 fatty acid and a C10 fatty acid, respectively.
    The terms "choline argonate", "choline nonanoate" or "trimethylethanolamine argonate" can be used interchangeably. Likewise, the terms "choline caprylate", "choline octanoate" or "trimethylethanolamine caprylate" can be used interchangeably. Furthermore, the terms "choline caprate", "choline decanoate" or "trimethylethanolamine caprate" may be used interchangeably. There is no evidence that the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, such as choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate, causes unacceptable adverse ecological effects when used as described herein. Thus, it can be used safely without significantly compromising the quality and yield of the plant or plant parts or of the resulting products or crops. At the concentrations described herein, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid appears to have no unacceptable toxic effects and to produce harmless effects on humans, off-target organisms, or the environment; for example when this is sprayed on the plant.
    The terms "composition" or "formulation" can be used interchangeably herein and refer to a mixture comprising an active ingredient.
    The terms "active ingredient" or "active ingredient" can be used interchangeably and generally refer to a compound or substance which, when provided in an effective amount, results in a desired outcome. An active ingredient can typically lead to such an outcome or outcomes by interacting with and / or modulating living cells or organisms.
    The present application provides an anti-fungal composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid as the active compound, preferably an aqueous composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid. The composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is typically a liquid or aqueous composition comprising 0.00001% (w / v) to 70% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid . The composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is, for example, a liquid or aqueous composition containing 0.0001% (w / v) to 70% (w / v), 0.001% (w / v) to 65% (w / v), 0.01% (w / v) to 60% (w / v), 0.05% (w / v) to 55% (w / v), or 0.1% (w / v) up to 50% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid.
    The composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid may also contain at least 70% (w / w), at least 80% (w / w) or at least 90% (w / w /) or up to 100% (w / w) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, especially when formulated as a solid or powdery composition.
    In certain embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate.
    In more particular embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline argonate.
    The compositions of the invention include not only ready-to-use compositions which can be applied to the plant with suitable equipment, but also concentrates or concentrated formulations which must be diluted with water before use.
    In certain embodiments, the composition can be formulated in a ready-to-use format, such as a spray or spray liquid or an immersion liquid, comprising a non-phytotoxic amount of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, which when added to a plant or plant part is effective to inhibit the growth of one or more phytopathogenic fungi on a plant or plant part.
    In certain embodiments, the composition is a sprayable liquid or an immersion liquid, especially an aqueous composition, containing 0.00001% (w / v) to 5% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, at preferably 0.02% (w / v) to 2.5% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, more preferably 0.05% (w / v) to 2% (w / v ) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, such as 0.06% (w / v) to 1.25% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid.
    The composition is, for example, a sprayable liquid or an immersion liquid, in particular an aqueous composition, containing 0.0001% (w / v) to 5% (w / v), 0.001% (w / v) to 5% (w / v). v), 0.01% (w / v) to 5% (w / v), 0.05% (w / v) to 2% (w / v), or 0.1% (w / v) to 1% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid.
    In certain embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate.
    In more particular embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline argonate.
    In certain embodiments, the composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is a concentrate, typically containing 5% (w / v) to 70% (w / v) or 10% (w / v) to 60% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, preferably 10% (w / v) to 50% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, more preferably 25% ( w / v) up to 50% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid.
    For example, the composition can be 15% (w / v) to 55% (w / v), 20% (w / v) to 50% (w / v), 25% (w / v) to 45% (w / v) ), 30% (w / v) to 35% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid.
    A choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid or, alternatively, a mixture of a C8-C10 fatty acid and choline hydroxide is advantageously a stable compound or mixture that can be easily concentrated, diluted and stored before use.
    This allows the production of a more concentrated C8-C10 fatty acid choline salt composition, which can then be easily diluted, for example with water, to obtain a composition having a concentration of the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid that is effective. for inhibiting the growth of one or more phytopathogenic fungi on a plant or a plant part without phytotoxic effects.
    The availability of a concentrated variant provides additional advantages with regard to ease of production, transport and storage costs.
    It will be appreciated that the ready-to-use antifungal compositions comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid according to the invention comprise an active, but non-phytotoxic amount of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid. "Active, but non-phytotoxic amount" means an amount of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid which is sufficient to control or kill the unwanted fungi, which amount at the same time has no significant symptoms of phytotoxicity.
    These applied amounts can generally be varied in a wider range, which amounts depend on several factors, for example unwanted microorganisms, the plant or crop, the climatic conditions and the components of the composition according to the invention.
    In certain embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate.
    In more particular embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline argonate.
    In certain embodiments, the antifungal composition as described herein further comprises additional additives, such as at least one adjuvant and / or inert agent.
    Such adjuvants or inert agents include, but are not limited to, solvents, carriers, surfactants, a stabilizer, antifreeze, thickeners, buffering agents, foaming or defoaming agents, antioxidants, preservatives, and coloring agents.
    Suitable adjuvants and inert agents are known in the art and are commercially available.
    In general, the active compound (i.e. a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, especially choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate, more especially choline argonate) can be combined with any solid or liquid additive commonly used for formulation purposes .
    A carrier is understood to be a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance that is mixed or combined with the active compounds in order to be better applied, in particular for application to plants or plant parts.
    The carrier, which can be solid or liquid, is generally inert and should be suitable for agricultural or horticultural use.
    Liquid carriers can include, for example, water, organic solvents and mineral oils and vegetable oils.
    Suitable liquefied gaseous accelerants or carriers are liquids which are gaseous at ambient temperature and at atmospheric pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
    Suitable surfactants are emulsifiers, dispersants or wetting agents that have ionic or non-ionic properties, or mixtures of these surfactants.
    It is possible to use colorants, such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian blue, and organic dyes, such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes, and trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc. use.
    Stabilizers, such as low temperature stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers, or other agents that improve chemical and / or physical stability, may also be present.
    The composition may further include other crop protection and / or pesticide agents.
    Examples of typical formulations or compositions comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, especially choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate, more particularly choline argonate, include water soluble liquids (SL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions in water (EW), suspension concentrates (SC, SE, FS, OD), water dispersible granules (WG), granules (GR) and capsule concentrates (CS) as known to those skilled in the art.
    The present invention further provides the use of a composition or formulation comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid according to the present invention as a fungicide.
    The present invention thus provides the use of the composition to reduce overall damage to plants and plant parts as well as losses in harvested fruits or vegetables caused by phytopathogenic fungi.
    In certain embodiments, the composition or formulation comprises 0.00001% (w / v) to 70% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, such as 5% (w / v) to 70% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, 6% (w / v) to
    70% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, 7% (w / v) to 70% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, 8% (w / v ) to 70% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, 9% (w / v) to 70% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid or 10% (w / v) up to 70% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid. In certain embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate. In more particular embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline argonate. In certain embodiments, the composition or formulation comprises 10% (w / v) to 60% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, preferably 10% (w / v) to 50% (w / v) ) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, more preferably 25% (w / v) to 50% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid. As an example, the composition can be 15% (w / v) to 55% (w / v), 20% (w / v) to 50% (w / v), 25% (w / v) to 45% (w / v) v), 30% (w / v) to 35% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid. For example, the composition may comprise 30% (w / v) to 50% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid. In certain embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate. In more particular embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline argonate.
    In other embodiments, the composition or formulation comprises 0.00001% (w / v) to 5% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, preferably 0.02% (w / v) to 2, 5% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, more preferably 0.05% (w / v) to 2% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid. In certain embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate. In more particular embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline argonate.
    In certain embodiments, the composition or formulation further comprises at least one additive and / or auxiliary, such as a solvent, a carrier, a surfactant, an anti-freeze or other stabilizer, a thickener, a buffering agent, a foaming or anti-foaming agent, a antioxidant, a preservative or a colorant.
    The present invention further provides a method for alleviating, controlling, preventing and / or controlling a fungal infection on a plant or part of a plant, the method comprising applying a composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid according to the following present invention, in particular a composition comprising choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate, more particularly choline argonate, on the plant, the plant part or the growing site of the plant and / or the area of infection on the plant, in an amount which is effective for inhibiting growth and / or increasing the mortality of one or more phytopathogenic fungi on the plant or part of the plant.
    The application of the composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, in particular a composition comprising choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate, more particularly choline argonate according to the present invention, to the plants or the plant parts can be done directly or by action on their environments, habitat or storage space using treatment methods, for example by dipping, spraying, atomizing, irrigation, evaporation, dusting, misting, sprinkling, foaming, brushing, spreading, watering (watering) or drip irrigation. In certain embodiments, the method includes spraying, sprinkling, sprinkling, spraying, spreading in droplets, splashing; to disperse, diffuse; and / or showering one or more plants, plant parts or the growing site of the plant with a composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, in particular a composition comprising choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate, more particularly choline argonate according to the present invention.
    In certain embodiments, the method of the present invention comprises applying an aqueous composition containing 0.00001% (w / v) to 5% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, preferably 0.02 % (w / v) to 2.5% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, more preferably 0.05% (w / v) to 2% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid. In certain embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate. In more particular embodiments, the choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid is choline argonate. In certain embodiments, the method of the present invention comprises applying the Anti-fungal composition as described herein in an amount ranging from at least 100 L / ha to at most 2000 l / ha, such as 100 l / ha to 1000 l / ha, preferably in the range of 300 l / ha to 800 l / ha or 400 l / ha to 700 / ha land; more preferably 450 l / ha to 600 l / ha land; most preferably 500 l / ha to 550 l / ha of land.
    In certain embodiments, the plant is an agricultural or horticultural crop. Non-limiting examples of such crop or plants include cereals,
    such as wheat, barley, rye or oats; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; fruit, such as pome, citrus, banana, stone fruit or soft fruit; legumes, such as beans, lentils, peas or soybeans; oil plants, such as rapeseed, mustard, sunflower, castor oil plants,
    cocoa beans or groundnuts; plants of the cucumber family; vines; nuts; ornamental plants; such as flowers, shrubs, broadleaf trees or evergreens.
    In certain embodiments, the plant may be a crop selected from the group consisting of corn, soybean, alfalfa, cotton, sunflower, Brassica napus (e.g. canola, rapeseed), Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea (e.g. (leaf) mustard), Brassica carinata, Arecaceae sp. (e.g. oil palm, coconut), rice, wheat, sugar beet, sugar cane, oats, rye, barley, millet and sorghum, triticale, flax, nuts, grapes, and various fruits and vegetables from various botanical taxa, e.g. Rosaceae sp. (for example, pome fruits, such as apples and pears; stone fruits, such as apricots, cherries, almonds, plums, and peaches; berries, such as strawberries, raspberries, red and black currants, and gooseberries), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp.
    Oleaceae sp. (e.g. olive tree), Actinidaceae sp, Lauraceae sp. (e.g. avocado, cinnamon, camphor), Musaceae sp. (e.g. banana trees and plantations), Rubiaceae sp. (e.g. coffee), Theaceae sp. (e.g. tea), Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (e.g. lemons, oranges, tangerines and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (e.g. tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, peppers, aubergines, tobacco), Liliaceae sp., Compositae sp. (e.g. lettuce; artichokes; and chicory, including coffee chicory, endive, or wild chicory), Umbelliferae sp. (for example carrot, parsley, celery and celeriac), Cucurbitaceae sp. (e.g. cucumbers, including gherkins; pumpkins; watermelons; gourds; and melons), Alliaceae sp. (for example leeks and onions), Cruciferae sp. (e.g. white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, bok choy, kohlrabi, radish, horseradish, cress and Chinese cabbage), Leguminosae sp. (e.g. peanuts, peas, lentils and beans, e.g. common beans and broad beans), Chenopodiaceae sp. (e.g. Swiss chard, fodder beet, spinach, beetroot), Linaceae sp. (e.g. hemp), Cannabeacea sp. (e.g. cannabis), Malvaceae sp. (e.g. okra, cocoa), Papaveraceae (e.g. poppy), Asparagaceae (e.g. asparagus); useful plants and ornamental plants in the garden and woodland, including sod, lawn, grass and Stevia rebaudiana; and in any case genetically modified types of these plants.
    In certain embodiments, the plant may be a crop selected from corn, soybean or other beans, cotton or other fiber plants, wheat, barley, sorghum, millet, oats, rye, triticale, rice or other grains, sugar cane, pome trees, drupe trees. , nut trees or other orchard trees, alfalfa or other legumes, sugar beet, fodder beet, papaya, banana and cooking bananas or other fruits, vines, rapeseed, sunflower or other oilseeds, pumpkin, cucumber, melons or other cucurbits, palm, purge nut or other fuel crops, coal, tomato, pepper or other vegetables, ornamental plants, shrubs, poplar, eucalyptus or other trees, evergreens, grasses, coffee plants, tea plants, tobacco plants, hop plants, rubber plants and latex plants.
    In certain embodiments, the plant can be a member of the grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits, nuts, oilseeds, or ornamentals.
    In certain embodiments, the plant is a non-transgenic or a transgenic plant.
    In certain embodiments, the fungal infection is a fungal infection on an agricultural or horticultural crop by one or more phytopathogenic fungi. Phytopathogenic fungi may belong to the Ascomycetes (e.g., Ventura, Podosphaera, Erysiphe, Monilinia, Mycosphaerella, Uncinula, Aspergillus, Magnaporhte spp (Magnaporthaceae); Thielaviopsis spp. (Ceratocysidaceae)); Basidiomycetes (e.g., genus Hemileia, Rhizoctonia, Phakopsora, Puccinia, Ustilago, Tilletia, Armillaria); Fungi imperfecti (e.g. Botrytis, Helminthosporium, Rhynchosporium, Fusarium, Septoria, Cercospora, Alternaria, Pyricularia and Pseudocercosporella); Oomycetes (e.g. Phytophthora, Peronospora, Pseudoperonospora, Albugo, Bremia, Pythium, Pseudosclerospora, Hyaloperonospora, Plasmopara). In certain embodiments, the phytopathogenic fungus is selected from the group consisting of Colletotrichum, Botrytis, Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, Verticillium, Pythium, Phytophtora, Puccinia, Erysiphales (including powdery mildew) and Peronosporaceae (including downy mildew) , preferably wherein the phytopathogenic fungus is Co // letotrichum coccodes, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani or Fusarium graminearum.
    In certain embodiments, the fungus is a pathogenic fungus selected from the group consisting of Colletotrichum, Botrytis, Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, Verticillium, Pythium, Phytophtora, Puccinia, Erysiphales (including powdery mildew) and Peronosporaceae (including downy mildew) powdery mildew), Thielaviopsis spp (canker rot, black root rot), Magnaporthe grisea (brusone); Armillaria spp (virulent tree pathogens), Ustilago spp. (fire blight), Phakospora pachyrhizi (soybean rust), Guignardia bidwellii (black rot on grapes), Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew on grasses and grains), Mychosphaerella spp., Venturia spp. (e.g. V. inaequalis (apple scab)), Monilinia spp. (brown rot of stone fruits).
    The present invention further provides a method of preparing an antifungal composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, especially choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate, more particularly choline argonate according to the present invention, comprising mixing a C8 -C10 fatty acid, in particular capric acid, pelargonic acid or capric acid, more in particular pelargonic acid, or a solution comprising such fatty acid with choline hydroxide or a solution comprising choline hydroxide, to obtain a composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, in particular choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate, more particularly choline argonate. In certain embodiments, the fatty acid is first mixed with water to provide an aqueous solution of the fatty acid. In certain embodiments, the C8-C10 fatty acid, especially capric acid, pelargonic acid or capric acid, and choline hydroxide are mixed in a ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 2, preferably in a ratio of 1.5: 1 to 1: 1 , Or in a ratio of 1.2: 1 to 1: 1.2, more preferably in equimolar ratios.
    In certain embodiments, the method further comprises the step of mixing the active compounds with at least one further additive and / or excipient, such as a solvent, a carrier, a surfactant, an anti-freeze or other stabilizer, a thickener, a buffering agent. , a foaming or anti-foaming agent, an antioxidant, a preservative or a colorant.
    In certain embodiments, the method of preparing a composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, particularly choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate, more particularly choline argonate, further comprises the step of diluting the composition with a suitable solvent, preferably water, especially prior to application. More specifically, the composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, in particular choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate, more particularly choline argonate, can be diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 1000, for example in a ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 100000, 1: 4 to 1: 10000, 1: 5 to 1: 1000, or 1:10 to 1: 500, preferably in a ratio of 1: 5 to
    1: 250. For example, the composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid, especially choline caprylate, choline argonate or choline caprate, more particularly choline argonate, can be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 to 1: 500, 1:20 to 1: 200, 1:25 to 1: 100, 1:40 to 1: 500 or 1:50 to 1: 100. The present application also provides aspects and embodiments as set forth in the following statements:
    Use of a composition comprising a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid as a fungicide.
    2. The use according to statement 1, wherein the composition is an aqueous composition comprising a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid.
    3. The use according to statement 1 or 2, wherein the composition is formulated as a spray or sprayable liquid, or as a concentrate.
    The use of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composition comprises 0.01% (w / v) to 70% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid.
    5. The use according to statement 4, wherein the composition is a concentrate containing 5% (w / v) to 70% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid, preferably 10% (w / v) up to 60% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid.
    6. The use according to statement 4, wherein the composition is a sprayable liquid containing 0.01% (w / v) to 5% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid, preferably 0.05%. (w / v) up to 2% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid.
    The use according to any preceding claim, wherein the composition further comprises at least one further additive and / or auxiliary such as as a solvent, a carrier, a surfactant, an anti-freeze agent, a thickener, a buffering agent, an anti-foaming agent, a antioxidant, an effervescent or a colorant.
    8. The use according to statement 1, wherein the composition comprising a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid is a solid or powdery composition containing at least 70% (w / w), at least 80% (w / w) or at least 90% (w / w /) or up to 100% (w / w) of the choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid.
    The use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid is choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, preferably the choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid is choline agonate.
    A method for preventing or controlling a fungal infection on a plant or a plant part, the method comprising applying a composition comprising a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid to the plant, plant part or growing site of the plant includes.
    11. The method of statement 10, wherein the fungal infection is one or more pathogens selected from the group consisting of Colletotrichum, Botrytis, Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, Verticillium, Pythium, Phytophtora, Puccinia, Erysiphales (including powdery mildew ), Peronosporaceae (including downy mildew), Thielaviopsis spp., Magnaporthe grisea, Armillaria spp, Ustilago spp.
    Phakospora pachyrhizi, Guignardia bidwellii, Blumeria graminis, Mycosphaerella spp. Venturia spp. and Monilinia spp., where preferably the fungus is Colletotrichum coccodes, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani or Fusarium graminearum.
    12. The method of statement 10 or 11, wherein the plant or plant part is an agricultural or horticultural crop.
    The method of any of claims 10 to 12, wherein the method comprises applying a composition comprising 0.01% (w / v) to 5% (w / v) of a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid on the plant, the plant part or the growing place of the plant.
    The method of any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the composition comprising a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid is sprayed onto the plant, part of the plant or growing site of the plant.
    The method of any of claims 10 to 14, wherein the composition comprising a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid is a composition comprising choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate, preferably wherein the composition comprising a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid is a composition comprising choline argonate.
    A method for preparing a composition comprising a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid, preferably a composition comprising choline caprylate, choline argonate, and / or choline cartate, more preferably a composition comprising choline argonate, the method as follows steps, (i) optionally mixing a C5-C13 fatty acid, preferably caprylic acid, pelargonic acid and / or capric acid, more preferably pelargonic acid, with water to give a solution of a C5-C13 fatty acid, preferably a solution from caprylic acid, pelargonic acid and / or capric acid, more preferably a solution of pelargonic acid is obtained; and (ii) mixing a C5-C13 fatty acid, preferably caprylic acid, pelargonic acid and / or capric acid, more preferably pelargonic acid, or the solution of a C5-C13 fatty acid, preferably caprylic acid, pelargonic acid and / or capric acid, more preferably pelargonic acid, with choline hydroxide.
    17. The method according to statement 16, wherein a C5-C13 fatty acid, preferably caprylic acid, pelargonic acid and / or capric acid, more preferably pelargonic acid, and choline hydroxide are mixed in a ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 2, preferably in a ratio of 1.5: 1 to 1: 1.5, more preferably in equimolar ratios.
    18. The method of statement 16 or 17, wherein the method further comprises mixing the composition with at least one of an excipient, a solvent, a carrier, a surfactant, or an extender.
    19. The method according to any of claims 16 to 18, wherein the method comprises the step of diluting or dissolving the composition comprising a choline salt of a C5-C13 fatty acid, preferably the composition comprising choline caprylate, choline argonate and / or choline caprate. more preferably, the composition comprising choline argonate prior to application.
    20. The method according to statement 17, wherein the composition is diluted at a ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 1000, preferably at a ratio of 1: 5 to 1: 250. While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, all such alternatives, modifications and variations as follows are intended to be included in the core and broad scope of the appended claims. The aspects and embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are further supported by the following non-limiting examples.
    EXAMPLES Example 1: Study of the phytotoxicity of a choline argonate comprising composition on target lettuce plants. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of a mixture of pelargonic acid (also referred to as PLA) and choline hydroxide on lettuce plants in order to determine to what extent the phytotoxic effect of pelargonic acid can be neutralized by mixing it with a choline hydroxide. In addition, a particular aim was to evaluate the potential efficacy of this choline argonate salt as a fungicide without inducing any phytotoxicity on crops. Procedure. A neutralization reaction was performed with pelargonic acid (297%) and choline hydroxide (45%) based on the titration curve (Figure 1). Based on the titration curve, a stock solution of choline argonate (29.1% PLA (297%) and 40.4% choline hydroxide (45%)) was prepared by mixing 14.55 ml pelargonic acid with 15.25 ml distilled water and then adding 20.2 ml of choline hydroxide. The choline argonate stock solution was diluted in distilled water to obtain a dilute choline argonate composition comprising about 2.5% pelargonic acid. The total concentration of choline argonate in the water spray solution was 37.08 g a.i./l (ai. = Active ingredient).
    The next step was to determine the phytotoxicity of a choline argonate comprising composition on lettuce plants. Concentrations tested are given in Table 1. As a control, plants were treated with water. The plants were also treated with a dilute pelargonic acid composition, including a dilute pelargonic acid solution based on the commercial product Beloukha (Belchim Crop Protection). Table 1: Tested compositions with their pelargonic acid concentration and pH Tested composition Pelargonic acid concentration MH one IT]
    Composition Tested Pelargonic acid concentration OH Lettuce plants were sprayed with the respective compositions with a small handheld sprayer until the dripping stage and incubated at 20 ° C.
    Each composition was tested with a six-plant setup.
    A visual assessment was made on the lettuce plants after spraying.
    The effect of phytotoxicity (necrosis or discoloration) was scored on a scale from 0 to 100%, with 0% indicating no phytotoxicity and 100% complete phytotoxicity on plants.
    Results.
    Phytotoxicity was observed after just one day on lettuce plants treated with the solution obtained from pelargonic acid (297%) and Beloukha (Table 2). For plants treated with the composition according to an embodiment of the invention, almost no phytotoxicity was observed after 7 days.
    The composition comprising choline argonate is therefore safe for plants and has been further tested as a fungicide.
    Table 2: Assessment of phytotoxicity (%) on lettuce plants (n = 6) Tested 0 DAA 1 DAA 2 DAA 7 DAA composition [come on Jos om [ar DAA: day (s) after application; control: water
    Example 2: Evaluation of the use according to an embodiment of the invention of a choline argonate comprising composition as a fungicidal target.
    The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of a choline argonate comprising composition against some selected pathogens in vitro.
    Procedure.
    Strains used for this test (Table 3) were kept on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25 ° C and refreshed.
    Table 3: Pathogens used in Example 3 Pathogen Land isolated Colletotrichum coccodes Potato Netherlands Alternaria solani Potato Netherlands In an initial setup, a test composition was added directly to PDA (approximately 20 ml / petri dish) (Table 4). Agar plugs (8mm diameter) from two week old cultures were placed in the center of the PDA plates.
    Each test was performed in 4 repetitions.
    The petri dishes were then incubated at 25 ° C.
    After 6 days of incubation, the diameter of the colonies was measured in 2 perpendicular directions.
    The percent inhibition was calculated for each composition tested and compared to the untreated PDA.
    Table 4: Tested formulations with their active ingredients, dilution and pH. Tested Active ingredient | Quantity of the | pH of the composition (% composition in 50 | medium Al) mi come (8 Choline Pelargonate | 42% 2.58 ml (nd) (0.36%) * Choline Pelargonate Choline Pelargonate | 42% 25.8 ml 7.03 (3, 6%) * choline argonate Control: water; Al: active ingredient; nd: not determined *: A choline argonate stock solution of choline argonate (referred to as 29.1% PLA (> 97%) and 40.4% choline hydroxide (45%) - pH 8 , 78) was prepared as in Example 1 by mixing 14.55 ml PLA with 15.25 ml distilled water and then adding 20.2 ml choline hydroxide.
    Results. The results showed that after 6 days of incubation for all formulations with Beloukha and choline argonate (Table 5), 100% inhibition of mycelial growth could almost always be observed compared to control plates, indicating good efficacy of pelargonic acid and choline argonate on these pathogens in vitro. at the tested concentrations. Choline Pelargonate therefore shows good fungicidal properties at the concentrations tested.
    Table 5: Mean mycelial diameter (mm) and% inhibition of the pathogens (italics) after 6 days incubation at 25 ° C.
    Data are means + standard deviation (n = 4) Pathogen | Co / letotrichum | Botrytis Alternaria Fusarium Botrytis coccodes cinerea solani graminearum | cinerea (lettuce) (vine) Tested composition (% AI) 43.0 + 4.2 76.0 + 0.0 | 58.5 + 2.7 76.0 + 0.0 74.6 + 2.8 Beloukha (0.25%) | 0.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 / 00 + 0.0 15.3 + 11.0 0.0 + 0.0 100% 100% 100% 80% 100% Beloukha (2.50% ) | 0.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 / 00 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Choline Pellargonate | 0.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 | 0.0 + 0.0 17.6 + 21.1 0.0 + 0.0 (0.38%) 100% 100% 100% 77% 100% Choline Pellargonate | 0.0 + 0.0 00 + 00 | 0.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 0 (3.6%) 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Control: water; Al: active ingredient (*) as in Table 4
    Example 3: Evaluation of the use according to an embodiment of the invention of a choline argonate comprising composition as a fungicide (in vivo) Target.
    The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of a choline argonate comprising composition in vivo.
    Procedure.
    Single leaf test with powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthij.
    A zucchini plant was selected with powdery mildew infection on old leaves.
    In addition to a leaf showing the first signs of powdery mildew infection (leaf N-1), two leaves without infection (bath N and N + 1) were selected.
    Bath N was sprayed with a solution of 0.8% choline argonate in water until just prior to the drip stage. Leaves (N + 1) and (N-1) were left untreated. The fungal infection was determined 8 days after the treatment.
    Results. After 8 days, both untreated leaves were extensively infected: about 100% and about 80% of the surface of leaf (N-1) and leaf (N + 1), respectively, was covered with powdery mildew. In contrast, less than 5% of the surface of leaf N treated with 0.8% choline argonate was covered with powdery mildew.
    Treatment with 0.8% choline argonate in water successfully controls powdery mildew on zucchini. Example 4: Evaluation of the use according to an embodiment of the invention of a choline argonate comprising composition as a fungicide (potato leaf discs) Purpose. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of a choline argonate comprising composition against Phytopthora infestans on potatoes by means of an artificial inoculation in a leaf disc experiment.
    Procedure. Phytopthora infestans inoculum was prepared by placing "Bintje" leaves on the inverted lid of a water agar petri dish (10 g agar / l) to simulate a humid chamber. Each leaf was infected with Phytopthora infestans by placing thereon two droplets of 20 µl sterile demineralized water in which mycelium was suspended, which had been tip taken from a colony plate (kept on rye agar at 18 ° C). The petri dishes were incubated overnight at 18 ° C in the dark and then with a light period of 16 h (16 h light - 8 h dark) under the same temperature conditions for 5 to 7 days.
    After the incubation period, the sporangia were collected in a 50 ml Falcon tube in 10 ml sterile deionized water. The tray was placed on the side of the Falcon tube and demineralized water was pipetted onto the tray. Drained water was collected in the Falcon tube and the Falcon tube was gently shaken to release the sporangia. Sporangia concentration was counted using a hemacytometer and adjusted to 1 x 10 ° spores / ml. Before inoculation for the efficacy test, the suspension was incubated at 4 ° C for 2h to allow the formation and release of zoospores.
    For the efficacy test, Bintje leaves were immersed for 1 min in the appropriate treatments (shown in Table 6), after which they were allowed to dry. After drying, the leaves were placed on the lid of an inverted water agar petri dish (10 g water agar / l). A 20 µl droplet of the zoospores suspension prepared as above was inoculated into the center of each petal. These petri dishes were then incubated in climatic chambers at 18 ° C in the dark for the first 16h and then with a light period of 16h. Each treatment was tested on 5 petri dishes. After 7 days of incubation, lesion size was measured in two perpendicular directions. The lesion area (S) was calculated using the equation of an ellipse: S = TT x L x1 x%, where L and | are the length of the major axis and the length of the minor axis of the ellipse, respectively. Table 6: Tested compositions with their active ingredients, dosage and concentration Tested Active ingredient Dosage ml product in composition (Lkg / ha) (*) 100ml water
    2. Dithane WG Mancozeb 75%
    3. Choline Spoon Argonate | choline argonate 42%
    4. Choline Spoon Argonate | choline argonate 42%
    5. Beloukha pelargonic acid 29% Control: water; *: used water volume 500 l / ha
    Results.
    After 7 days of incubation, good activity could be observed for all treated leaves (Table 7). Leaflets treated with choline argonate showed almost the same activity as leaflets treated with Dithane.
    Furthermore, a dose response could be observed for the choline argonate treated leaflets.
    Leaves treated with the highest concentration of choline argonate showed some minor phytotoxicity symptoms at the edge and stem, which were presumably promoted by injury during sampling and handling.
    Leaves treated with Beloukha at a concentration corresponding to 11 / ha showed phytotoxic effects at the edge and stem, consistent with the known phytotoxic effects of pelargonic acid.
    Table 7. Lesion size of Phytopthora infestans on potato leaves after 7 days of incubation.
    Data are means + standard deviation (n = 5). Treatment Lesion size (cm ) Efficacy (%) (Abbott) 2 (dithane WG) 0.00 + 0.00 100.0 3 (choline argonate) 0.41 + 0.57 4 (choline argonate) 0.00 + 0.00 100.0 5 Beloukha 0.96 + 1.33 64.67
    Example 5: Evaluation of the use according to an embodiment of the invention of a choline argonate comprising composition as a fungicide (grape leaf discs) Object.
    The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of a choline argonate comprising composition against Plasmopara viticola by means of an artificial inoculation in a grape leaf disc experiment.
    Procedure.
    A stock solution of choline argonate (29.1% PLA and 40.4% choline hydroxide, pH 8.82) was prepared by mixing 14.55 ml PLA with 15.25 ml distilled water and then adding 202 ml choline hydroxide.
    The choline argonate stock solution (42.04%) was diluted to make a solution with a final concentration of choline argonate of 1 ml and 10 ml / L.
    The two choline argonate solutions, water as negative control and copper hydroxide (2 g / L) as positive control were used for this test.
    4 Petri plates were prepared for each object and each plate contained 5 grape leaf discs (see Table 8 below). Table 8. Overview of treatments Objects Active ([, kg / ha) (*) mli, g product in Component 100ml water Untreated (negative control - water) Copper (positive control) copper hydroxide 2 kg / ha choline argonate 42% choline argonate 1 l / ha choline argonate 42% choline argonate 10 l / ha Control: water; *: used water volume 10001 / ha. Preparation of leaf discs: leaf discs (diameter 19 mm) were prepared from grape cuttings (variety Pinot Nero Entav 115) using the young leaves.
    Five leaf discs were placed in each petri plate on autoclaved paper (4 layers) with the paper pre-wetted by adding 8.5 ml of sterile water to each plate.
    The leaf discs were placed on the paper bottom surface up.
    Application of test products and inoculation of pathogen: The leaf discs were treated with the test products at 11:30 am (i.e., a preventive application) and the leaves were allowed to dry.
    The products were sprayed with a small handheld sprayer, 5 sprays were applied to each plate.
    The same day at 4:30 PM, a suspension of P. viticola spores at a final concentration of 2 * 10 ° spores / ml was applied (5 hours after application of test product) to the leaf discs. The inoculated plates were incubated overnight in the dark at 25 ° C. The next day, the leaf discs were dried under laminar flow and then placed back at 25 ° C. The disease assessment was made 7 days after the artificial inoculation.
    Results. The disease severity assessment was performed 7 days after the artificial inoculation and showed that about 58% of the control leaf disk area (water treatment) was affected by P. viticola. The copper treatment performed as a positive control showed no disease symptoms on the leaf discs. The control treatments confirmed that the experiment is reliable and the artificial inoculation was working properly. The with 10 ml / | choline argonate treated discs showed no symptoms (0% severity), while the 1 ml / | choline argonate showed a very low spore level of 5.3%. Choline argonate applied at 10ml / L and 1ml / L therefore showed efficacy results comparable to those of the reference copper hydroxide (Coprantol Hi Bio).
    The test was performed a second and a third time (data not shown) and the results were confirmed: TMAP showed an activity against P. viticola comparable to that of the reference copper.
    Example 6: Evaluation of the efficacy of a composition according to one embodiment comprising choline argonate as a fungicide against Phytophthora infestans in potato Aim of the test: The aim of this test was to evaluate the efficacy of a composition illustrating the invention (referred to as “ BPA 056 ”) against Phytophthora infestans. To achieve this goal, various concentrations of the composition were tested. The test was performed by inoculating a mixture of the composition and spores onto potato leaf slices and evaluating the efficacy for disease severity.
    Origin of the research: Screening and development of new solutions against late blight.
    Materials and Methods The Phytophthora infestans strain 18BE11 was used in this test. This strain comes from Belgium, was isolated from infected leaf in 2018, and was genotyped as EU36_A2 by
    3] BE2019 / 5820 the Wageningen Institute. The inoculum was kept on rye agar medium and refreshed by infecting potato leaves, variety Bintje, to produce new inoculum. The spores collected on the fresh lesions of the leaves were used in this experiment.
    Potato plants of the cultivar Bintje were grown in a greenhouse under natural conditions for 3-4 weeks. Leaves of the same physiological stage were used for this test.
    The compositions and concentrations are shown in Table 9 below. Fluazinam is the reference product in this trial.
    Table 9: Tested compositions and concentrations in a trial to test the efficacy of different compositions against Phytophthora infestans in potato. Active g ai / l in product | mI / l tested ppm (ai) tested ingredient / active ingredients BPA 056 Choline argonate 4000 Test procedure: This test was carried out on slices of potato leaves. All treatments were tested on 5 leaf discs each.
    The spore solution was prepared by collecting fresh sporangia from infected leaves (about 5 to 7 days after inoculation) in deionized water. The spore concentration was adjusted to 125,000 spores / ml and incubated at 4 ° C for 2 hours to induce zoospore differentiation and release.
    The product solutions were prepared by making 2x concentration solutions in demineralized water.
    The spore solution was mixed with the product solution (1: 1 v: v). Each leaf disc was inoculated with 3x 10 µl of the spore product mixture. The leaf discs were incubated at 18 ° C and 100% RH for 24h in the dark and then on a 16h light period regimen.
    The test was performed once. Determination Six days after inoculation, the percentage of disease severity (surface covered with sporulating late blight) was determined visually on each leaf disc. Results The results expressed in percent of disease severity are shown in Table 10 below. Disease severity reached 100% on the 5 leaf discs of the untreated control. The reference, fluazinam, showed 100% activity at 100 ppm.
    BCP 056 reached the maximum level of efficacy at the highest dose, 4000ppm, then decreased to 80% efficacy for the 400ppm, 40ppm and 4ppm doses. No dose effect was observed with the three final dilutions (400 ppm, 40 ppm and 4 ppm). The level of activity at 4 ppm was very satisfactory in this trial.
    Table 10: Severity of disease (%) on potato leaf discs Leaf disc | Untreated | Fluazinam | BPA 056 BPA 056 BPA 056 BPA 056 100 ppm 4000 ppm | 400 ppm 40 ppm 4 ppm a ee ee pe eee ee em ee eee aoe Jee eee [ee Je [eee on [me ee [a Je
    Conclusion A composition illustrating the invention (i.e. BPA 056) showed an interesting level of efficacy at a concentration of 4 ppm in controlling Phytophthora infestans on leaf discs.
    Example 7: Evaluation of the efficacy of compositions comprising choline salts of C8, C9 and C10 fatty acids according to embodiments of the invention against pathogens in vitro Object: The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of various choline salts derived from C8, C9 and C10 fatty acids against selected pathogens in vitro. The choline salts tested were choline octanoate (TMAO), choline argonate (TMAP) and choline decanoate (TMAD). Procedure Strains used for this test were maintained on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25 ° C and refreshed. To begin with, an amount of test product was added directly into a given volume of PDA (approximately 20ml / petri dish) (Table 11). Agar plugs (diameter 10mm) from one week old cultures were placed in the center of the PDA plates. Each object was run in 4 repetitions. The petri dishes were then incubated at 25 ° C in the dark. After 3 and 6 days of incubation, the diameter of the colonies was measured in 2 perpendicular directions. The percent inhibition was calculated for each product / concentration compared to the untreated control. Table 11: Products and concentrations tested in a trial to test the efficacy of choline salts of C8, C9 and C10 fatty acids Batch Active Form | Concentration g% pH number component type | (ml product / l a.i./l | (w / v) in PDA medium) | PDA | ai. PDA tested * TMAO 20190731-1 Choline octanoate SL 0.98 0.42 | 0.042 5.43 43% 43%
    Batch Active Form | Concentration g% pH number component type | (ml product / l a.i./l | (w / v) in PDA medium) | PDA | ai.
    PDA tested * TMAP 20190402 Choline Spoon Argonate | SL 1 0.42 | 0.042 5.41 42% TMAP 20190402 Choline Pellargonate | SL 10 42 0.42 5.73 42% TMAD 20190731-2 Choline Decanoate | SL 1.24 0.42 | 0.042 5.42 34% TMAD 20190731-2 Choline Decanoate | SL 12.35 4.2 0.42 6.13 34% SL: sprayable liquid; * 1% (w / v) ai tested = 1g ai / 100 ml Results After 3 days of incubation, results showed 100% inhibition on mycelial growth for all pathogens compared to control plates at all choline salts with the highest concentration, 0.42% (v / v) (Table 12), indicating good activity of choline salts (C8-C9-C10) on these pathogens in vitro.
    Furthermore, no differences were observed between the different choline salts and the results were always comparable to the concentrations tested.
    Table 12: Mean mycelial diameter (mm) and% efficacy (italics) compared to control (Abbott) after 3 days incubation at 25 ° C.
    Data are means + standard deviation (n = 4) Treatment Rhizoctonia Pythium Sclerotinia Botrytis Sclerotinia (ai%) solani ultimum minor cinerea sclerotiorum 52.4 + 6.5 67.6 + 5.0 68.6 + 8.8 42.7 + 5.8 72.5 + 0.6 TMAO 0.042% | 18.9 + 3.8 0.0 + 0.0 2.5 + 2.9 12.1 + 11.0 1.3 + 0.3 64% 100% 96% 72% 98% TMAO 0.42% 0.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% TMAP 0.042% 17, 1 = 1.9 0.0 + 0.0 2.8 + 43 0.9 + 1.8 1.4 + 0.5 67% 100% 96% 98% 98% TMAP 0.42% 0.3 + 0.5 0.0 + 0.0 0.8 + 0.9 0.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0 100% 100% 99% 100% 100%
    Treatment Rhizoctonia Pythium Sclerotinia Botrytis Sclerotinia (ai.%) Solani ultimum minor cinerea sclerotiorum TMAD 0.042% | 27.3 + 6.9 0.0 + 0.0 1.5 + 1.8 7.0 + 10.7 2.1 + 1.7 48% 100% 98% 84% 97% TMAD 0.42% 0.4 + 0.8 0.0 + 0.0 0.5 + 0.6 2.0 + 4.0 0.0 + 0.0 99% 100% 99% 95% 100% Finally, all tested choline salts, namely choline octanoate (TMAO), choline argonate (TMAP) and choline decanoate (TMAD), have good fungicidal properties at tested dosages. The C8, C9 and C10 fatty acid choline salts can be used as a fungicide on plants with greatly reduced or even without phytotoxic effects (see Example 8), despite the well-known use of C8, C9 and C10 fatty acids such as caprylic acid , pelargonic acid and capric acid, as a herbicide.
    Example 8: Test on apple trees to test the efficacy of a composition according to an embodiment of the invention comprising choline argonate against powdery mildew on apple. Object: To investigate the efficacy of TMAP against powdery mildew on apple.
    Planting material: During the third week of March 2017, 60 branched apple trees (rhizome M9 - clone Golden B) from 2 years old were transplanted from local nursery into pots (pot: 12 liters). The 60 potted apple plants were kept outside the greenhouse in S. Michele al ’Adige (Trento). Plants were kept in 3 blocks. Each block consisted of 20 plants arranged in two rows (see scheme 1). The plants were watered through a drip irrigation system once or twice a week according to weather conditions. The insecticide treatments were applied evenly to all experimental plants. Two of the three objects were treated against powdery mildew according to the provided spraying schedule: Chemical treatments, TMAP separately, untreated. One object was left untreated for reference. For the “Chemical” object, different active ingredients were used individually or in combination (Table 13).
    Table 13: Products and concentrations tested in a trial to test the efficacy of choline argonate against powdery mildew on apple Treatment Active Ingredient
    Treatment Active ingredient TMAP separately TMAP 10 ml Chemical Polysulfur 12 m Scudex (Penconazole) 0.35 ml / l Cidely (Cyflufenamid) 0.3 ml Nimrod 250 EW (Bupirimate) 0.5 ml / l The treatments were performed at the same time and the timing of the spraying was done weekly and according to weather conditions.
    The applications were performed with a pressurized handheld sprayer (water volume 1.5-2 µl per object). Treatments / assessment were performed during the season as listed in Table 14 below.
    Table 14: Overview of treatments and assay during the trial for testing the efficacy of choline argonate against powdery mildew on apple Treatment Dosage H20 vol.
    Day 0 TMAP Polysulfur 12 ml only Day 9 - | only TMAP Polysulfur 12 ml Day 15 - _ [| only TMAP TMAP 10 ml / l Day 23 - - | only TMAP TMAP 10 ml / l Day 30 - - Nimrod 250EW + Delan 70WG 0.5 ml + 0.5 g / l only TMAP TMAP + Delan 70WG 10 ml / l + 0.5 g / l
    Treatment Dosage H, 0 vol. only TMAP TMAP 10 mM Untreated Epik + Poltiglia Dispers 1.3 g / 1 + 1 g / l Day 38 Epik + Poltiglia Dispers 1391 + 19 / only TMAP Epik + Poltiglia Dispers 1.3 g / 1 + 1 g / l Day 44 - - | only TMAP TMAP 10 mM Day 51 - | only TMAP TMAP 10 mM Untreated Fertilization K-P-N ee Day 52 - - only TMAP Fertilization K-P-N | Day 57 - | only TMAP TMAP 10 mM Untreated Movento + Delan 3 ml + 0.5 g / l Day 58 Movento + Delan 3 mi + 0.5 9 only TMAP Movento + Delan 3 mA + 0.5 g / l Day 65 - - | only TMAP TMAP 10 mM Day 71 - - | only TMAP TMAP 10 mM only TMAP TMAP 10 mM Determination of powdery mildew on day 85 - “severity” Day 86 - | only TMAP TMAP 10 mM
    Determination Powdery mildew: 5 shoots per plant were randomly selected and labeled for the assays.
    The powdery mildew assay was performed on day 85, ten leaves from each shoot were individually assessed for the presence of symptoms, 5 marked shoots per plant were determined.
    For each object we have 20 apple trees.
    Statistical analysis Powdery mildew incidence data were analyzed using the Statistica 13.1 software.
    Because the data did not meet the requirements for the application of parametric statistics, we moved on to non-parametric statistical analysis.
    A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to show significant differences between treatments (p <0.05). Results The presence of powdery mildew symptoms were evaluated on 10 leaves present on each of the 5 marked branches.
    In this way, the incidence of the disease (i.e. percentage of infected leaves) was assessed at 50 leaves per plant (50 x 20 = 1000 leaves per object).
    The assay showed that the best results were obtained by the chemical strategy (8.7% incidence). The TMAP objects showed a statistically relevant reduction in symptoms (25.5% incidence) compared to the untreated control (55.3% incidence). No symptoms of phytotoxicity were observed on the plants.
    Chemical Object efficacy reached 84.2%, while TMAP achieved 53.8% efficacy (at day 85). Conclusions A high level of disease pressure due to powdery mildew on apple leaves was obtained.
    The best result was obtained by the chemical strategy with levels of efficacy greater than 80%. TMAP alone showed a mean level of efficacy around 54%. Importantly, the repeated applications of TMAP during the season appeared to be safe for the crop, as no symptoms of phytotoxicity were observed on the plants.
    The applications of TMAP during the season (April-July) for the protection against powdery mildew of apple ensured adequate protection.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    Use of a composition comprising choline argonate as a fungicide on a plant or plant part.
    [2]
    Use according to claim 1, wherein the composition is an aqueous composition comprising choline argonate.
    [3]
    Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition is formulated as a spray or sprayable liquid or as a concentrate.
    [4]
    Use according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composition comprises 0.00001% (w / v) to 70% (w / v) of choline argonate.
    [5]
    Use according to claim 4, wherein the composition is a concentrate containing 5% (w / v) to 70% (w / v) of choline argonate, preferably 10% (w / v) to 60% (w / v) of choline argonate.
    [6]
    Use according to claim 4, wherein the composition is a sprayable liquid containing 0.00001% (w / v) to 5% (w / v) of choline argonate, preferably 0.0001% (w / v) to 2% ( w / v) of choline argonate.
    [7]
    Use according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition further comprises at least one further additive and / or auxiliary such as a solvent, a carrier, a surfactant, an anti-freeze agent, a thickener, a buffering agent, an anti-foaming agent, an antioxidant. , a preservative or a colorant.
    [8]
    Use according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprising choline argonate is a solid or powdery composition containing at least 70% (w / w), at least 80% (w / w) or at least 90% (w / w / ) or up to 100% (w / w) of the choline argonate.
    [9]
    A method of preventing or controlling a fungal infection on a plant or a plant part, the method comprising applying a composition comprising choline argonate to the plant, plant part or growing site of the plant.
    [10]
    The method of claim 9, wherein the fungal infection is caused by one or more pathogens selected from the group consisting of Colletotrichum, Botrytis, Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, Verticillium, Pythium, Phytophtora, Puccinia, Erysiphales (including powdery mildew) ), Peronosporaceae (including downy mildew), Thielaviopsis spp. Magnaporthe grisea, Armillaria spp., Ustilago spp.
    Phakospora pachyrhizi, Guignardia bidwelli, Blumeria graminis, Mycosphaerella spp. BE2019 9820 Venturia spp. and Monilinia spp .; where preferably the fungus is Col / letotrichum coccodes, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani or Fusarium graminearum.
    [11]
    A method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the plant or plant part is an agricultural or horticultural crop.
    [12]
    The method of any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the method comprises applying a composition comprising 0.00001% (w / v) to 5% (w / v) of choline argonate to the plant, plant part or growing site. of the plant.
    [13]
    A method according to any of claims 9 to 12, wherein the composition comprising choline argonate is sprayed onto the plant, plant part or growing site of the plant.
    [14]
    A method of preparing a composition comprising choline argonate, the method comprising the following steps, () mixing pelargonic acid with water to obtain a pelargonic acid solution; and (ij) mixing the pelargonic acid solution with choline hydroxide.
    [15]
    A method according to claim 14, wherein pelargonic acid and choline hydroxide are mixed in a ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 2, preferably in a ratio of 1.5: 1 to 1: 1.5, more preferably in equimolar ratios.
    [16]
    The method of claim 14 or 15, wherein the method further comprises mixing the composition with at least one of an excipient, a solvent, a carrier, a surfactant, or an extender.
    [17]
    A method according to any of claims 14 to 16, wherein the method comprises the step of diluting or dissolving the composition comprising choline argonate prior to application.
    [18]
    The method of claim 17, wherein the composition is diluted in a ratio of 1: 2 to 1: 10,000,000.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA3118179A1|2020-05-28|
    BE1026309B1|2019-12-18|
    US20220030859A1|2022-02-03|
    PH12021551146A1|2021-10-25|
    WO2020104645A1|2020-05-28|
    BR112021009991A2|2021-08-17|
    BE1026779A1|2020-06-08|
    AU2019385698A1|2021-05-27|
    EP3883382A1|2021-09-29|
    JP2022510614A|2022-01-27|
    CN113163761A|2021-07-23|
    BE1026779A9|2020-06-22|
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    法律状态:
    2021-03-19| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20210106 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    BE20185821A|BE1026309B1|2018-11-23|2018-11-23|Composition comprising a choline salt of a fatty acid and the use thereof as a fungicide|
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