• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A forage harvester (10) comprises a feed housing to which a harvesting header (20) can be attached, a chopping drum (22) arranged downstream of an intake conveyor (36), a conditioning device with rollers (28, 28 ') and an ejection elbow (26). A first operating mode for harvesting is activated by means of a control (94), in which the intake conveyor (36), the chopping drum (22) and the rollers (28, 28 ') can be driven in a first direction in order to collect To convey, chop and condition harvested material, and a second operating mode for removing a blockage of the conditioning device can be selected, in which drive means drive the rollers (28, 28 ') in a second direction.
    公开号:BE1023764B1
    申请号:E2015/0221
    申请日:2015-09-09
    公开日:2017-07-14
    发明作者:Steffen Clauss；Manfred Engel
    申请人:Deere & Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Forage harvester with reversible conditioner Description
    The invention relates to a forage harvester.
    Technological background
    Forage harvesters are used for harvesting whole plants or their parts, which are picked up by a field during operation by means of a header, pressed together by pre-press rolls and fed to a knife drum, whose surface knife cuts the plants in cooperation with a counter knife. Subsequently, the cut plants or parts are optionally fed to a conditioning device and conveyed by a Nachbeschleunigungseinrichtung in an ejection manifold, which overloads them on a transport vehicle. The harvested plants are usually used as cattle feed or for biogas production. The conditioning device usually comprises two or more oppositely driven, cooperating rollers, which are biased by a spring force against each other and between which the shredded material is passed. The conditioner is used in the maize harvest to impact the grains contained in the shredded material and to improve the digestibility of the feed.
    The rollers of the conditioning device are usually provided with teeth or edges extending in the axial direction, so that a non-circular, profiled cross-section of the rollers is obtained (see DE 83 02 421 U1).
    Furthermore, in the axial direction profiled embodiments of rollers for conditioning devices have been proposed, for example, straight obliquely rising (DE 41 22 338 A1) or stepped (DE 197 03 486 A1) or curved (DE 101 51 246 A1) or from curved and straight Section composing edges (DE 10 2005 053 092 A1) have. These rollers are also toothed in the circumferential direction and each having a larger diameter areas of a roller are arranged opposite the smaller diameter areas of the other roller, so that the (zigzag or meandering) machining gap between the rollers over its length at least approximately constant Has width. An advantage of these rolls profiled in the axial direction is that the machining gap is longer than rolls that are not profiled in the axial direction. In addition, the radii and thus the peripheral speeds differ at least most of the respective points of the rollers defining the machining gap, which improves crop processing.
    In all conditioning devices, there is a risk that they clog when feeding excessively large Erntegutmengen if the rollers must dodge so far against the spring force that they hit a stop. Such situations can arise when large amounts of crops are suddenly chopped, e.g. after spontaneous disintegration of a crop jam in the header. The risk is even greater with conditioning devices with non-straight machining gaps than with straight machining gaps, especially if the rollers can only move in the radial direction (and not, as proposed in DE 41 22 338 A1, also in the axial direction), since the former a larger Record volumes of crop and axial forces with a factor defined by the Kotangens of the inclination angle of the machining gap relative to the axial direction factor multiplied act in the radial direction.
    In the prior art, in such cases, the operator must remove the conditioner or open an access door to manually remove the obstruction, which proves to be quite time consuming.
    It was suggested, the channel between the Häckseltromme! and automatically open the conditioner downwards whenever the chopper drum is held or reversed to allow existing crop debris to fall out of the chute (DE 10 2007 013 715 A1), however, this document does not disclose reverse drive of the conditioner and removal of crop mentioned from the conditioner.
    Previous drives of conditioning devices provide a belt between a arranged through the shaft of the Nachbeschleunigers pulley and coupled to the rollers pulleys, which is tightened by means of a cooperating with the returning strand of the belt, hydraulically prestressed tensioner and only to drive the rollers in the Harvesting prevailing direction (DE 101 28 052 A1, EP 1 600 050 A1, WO 2012/010396 A1). In addition, the belt is usually relaxed in a reverse rotation of the chopper drum for grinding the chopper, so that in the prior art, no reversal of the direction of rotation of the rollers of the conditioning is provided with sufficient for machine-side, automatic removal of a clogging torque.
    EP 1 972 190 A1 describes an automatic removal of obstructions of an axial-threshing and separating rotor of a combine harvester, which can be set into rotation by means of a superimposition gearing, which is partly driven mechanically by the internal combustion engine and partly hydraulically, and which can be set in different modes of movement. Such drives are u.a. for rolls of conditioning. for reasons of space and because of the high cost hardly usable, so that the teaching of this document can not be transferred to forage harvesters with conditioning.
    task
    The object underlying the invention is seen to improve a forage harvester so that a simplified elimination of a possible clogging of a conditioning is possible, which at least in most cases eliminates manual intervention by the operator.
    invention
    The present invention is defined by the claims.
    A forage harvester comprises a feed housing containing an intake conveyor to which a harvesting attachment can be attached. Downstream of the intake conveyor a chopper drum is arranged. Downstream of the chopper drum follows a conditioning device with oppositely driven, cooperating rollers, which follows an ejection manifold. The intake conveyor, the chopper drum and the rollers of the conditioning device are connected to associated, controlled by a control drive means. By means of the controller is a first mode of harvesting in which the infeed conveyor, the cutterhead and the rollers of the conditioner are drivable in a first direction to convey, chop and condition crop picked up by a header, and a second mode of operation to select a blockage of the conditioning device, in which the drive means of the conditioning device drive the rollers in a second direction opposite to the first direction.
    In this way it is achieved that the conditioner is reversed to remove a blockage. A manual intervention of the operator is unnecessary, which significantly reduces the time required to eliminate a possible blockage.
    The distance between cooperating rollers of the conditioning device is changeable by an actuator and the controller is operable to cause the actuator to move the rollers to an open position prior to receiving the second mode of operation. This allows any blockages in the subsequent second mode easier to remove from the conditioning.
    Furthermore, in the second mode of operation, the controller may be arranged to cause the drive means of the rollers to alternately drive the rollers in different directions and / or with increasing speed. As a result, clogging may be easier to solve than if the rollers were rotating only in the second direction and at a constant speed. In this case, the controller may be configured to drive the drive means of the rollers based on signals of a sensor arranged to detect the drive torque and / or the rotational speed of the rollers. This can be detected on the one hand, if a blockage can not be solved at all (if the speed remains relatively small or the torque is constant and relatively large), on the other hand, the torque can be limited so that damage to the drive means of the conditioning can be avoided. It is therefore proposed to run a kind of cleaning program to eliminate the clogging of the rollers.
    In addition, the controller may be configured, after eliminating clogging of the conditioner, to cause the drive means to drive the chopper drum and the rollers in the first or second direction to remove crop from a channel between the chopper drum and the rollers.
    It makes sense, in the second mode, the chopper drum by their
    Drive means in a second, the first direction opposite direction to make drivable. As a result, crop material ejected from the conditioning device in the direction of the chopper drum can be carried away by the latter to the intake conveyor and it is prevented that the crop accumulates in the channel between the chopper drum and the conditioning device and leads to a new blockage of the conditioning device during the subsequent restart of the forage harvester. Alternatively or additionally, it would be conceivable to open a flap at the bottom of the channel for discharging the crop from said channel, through which the crop can fall down (see DE 10 2007 013 715 A1).
    The rollers of the conditioner may be drivable by a drive associated therewith (e.g., by a reversible motor exclusively for reversing the rollers) or drive means of the chopper drum, which are adapted to drive the chopper drum in the second direction. Such drive means are known in the prior art for sharpening the chopper drum in a reverse rotation or adjusting the counter-cutter spacing (cf., for example, DE 10 2009 003 242 A1) and can also be used to reverse the rollers of the conditioner.
    The drive means of the chopper drum may in particular comprise a reversible motor for driving the chopper drum in the second direction, while the drive means for driving the chopper drum in the first direction usually comprise a drive train with a clutch and a first belt drive, wherein the drive train in the first mode An internal combustion engine drivingly connects to the cutterhead.
    Furthermore, a conveying device can additionally be arranged between the conditioning device and the discharge chute, the drive shaft of which can be driven by the internal combustion engine via the first belt drive. The drive shaft of the conveying device is in drive connection with the rollers of the conditioning device via a second belt drive. The second belt drive two separate tension rollers can be assigned, of which each one depending on the first or second mode tightens each of the returning strand of the second belt drive. As a result, the drive torque can be increased in the second mode.
    The controller may be made to select the second mode of operation by a manually operable input device and / or based on a sensor configured to detect a blockage of the conditioning device.
    Ausführunasbeispiel
    With reference to the figures, an embodiment of the invention will be explained. Show it:
    1 is a schematic side view of a self-propelled harvester in the form of a forage harvester,
    2 is a schematic plan view of the drive system of the harvesting machine,
    Fig. 3 is a view of the belt drive for driving the rollers of
    Conditioning device in the first mode, i. during harvest,
    Fig. 4 is a view of the belt drive for driving the rollers of
    Conditioning device in the second mode, i. when reversing the conditioning, and
    Fig. 5 is a flowchart according to which the controller during the harvesting operation for
    Elimination of a crop accumulation in the conditioning device proceeds.
    FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a harvester in the manner of a self-propelled forage harvester 10. The harvester 10 is built on a frame 12 supported by front driven wheels 14 and steerable rear wheels 16. The operation of the harvesting machine 10 takes place from a driver's cab 18, from which a harvesting attachment 20 detachably fastened to a feeder housing in the form of a mowing header for the corn harvest can be viewed. By means of the header 20 crops cut, z. As corn or the like, is fed to the front of the forage harvester 10 via a feed-in housing arranged infeed conveyor 36 with pre-press rollers 30,32 a chopper drum 22, which chops it into small pieces and gives it a conditioning device with cooperating rollers 28, 28 ', from which passes from it to a conveyor 24. The crop leaves the harvesting machine 10 to a transporting vehicle traveling alongside along a about about vertical axis rotatable and adjustable in inclination chute 26. Hereinafter, directional terms, such as laterally, down and up, refer to the forward movement direction V of the forage harvester 10, which in the figure 1 runs to the left.
    2 shows a plan view of the drive arrangement of the harvesting machine 10. In the rear region of the harvesting machine 10 is an internal combustion engine 38, in particular in the form of a diesel engine. The engine 38 extends in the forward direction of the harvester 10 and includes a crankshaft 42 that extends forward out of the housing of the engine 38. The internal combustion engine 38 drives in operation with its crankshaft 42 a first longitudinal shaft 46, which is connected to the first bevel gear 66 of an angle gear 64. The first propeller shaft 46 also drives via gear wheels 70, 72 and a second propeller shaft 76 to a pump assembly 74, which includes a hydraulic pump for driving hydraulic motors for propulsion of the harvester, a steering pump and a hydraulic pump for oil supply to the control of the hydrostatic drive for the propulsion of Harvesting machine 10 includes, and a first hydraulic pump 110, which serves to drive a first hydraulic motor 112 for driving the Vorpresswalzen 30, 32 of the intake conveyor 36 via a gear 114.
    The second bevel gear 68 of the first bevel gear 64 is connected to a transverse shaft 80 which extends through a hollow shaft 106 connected to a pulley 82 on the side remote from the angle gear 64 side of the pulley 82 and is connected there to a coupling 78. On the output side, the coupling 78 is connected to the hollow shaft 106, which also drives a second hydraulic pump 102 on the side of the belt pulley 82 via gears 96, 108 and 100 on the side of the belt pulley 64, which serves to drive a second hydraulic motor 116, which drives the front attachment 20. The clutch 78 allows the pulley 82, and thus the pulley 54 driven by the pulley 82 via a drive belt 52, to drive the conveyor 24 via a shaft 58, and the pulley 56, which drives the chopper drum 26 via a shaft - and turn off. The pulleys 82, 54 and 56, together with the drive belt 52, form a first belt drive.
    The drive of the rollers 28, 28 'of the conditioner via a second belt drive, which consists of a connected to the shaft 58 of the conveyor 24 pulley 60, a drive belt 62, connected to the shaft 88 of a roller 28 of the conditioner pulley 84 and a connected to the shaft 90 of the other roller 28 'of the conditioner pulley 90 and a free-running pulley 136 composed. The rollers 28, 28 'of the conditioning device form a zigzag-shaped machining gap for the crop, since they are profiled in the axial direction (see DE 10 2005 053 092 A1). Instead of the shape of the rollers 28, 28 'of the conditioner shown in Figure 2, any other shapes may be used, e.g. with triangular profiles or cylindrical, circumferentially toothed rollers 28, 28 '.
    An electronic controller 94 (see Figure 1) is provided with an actuator 122 for switching the clutch 78, an operator interface 98 with a display device and input means, an actuator 104 for adjusting the gap between the rollers 28, 28 '(see DE 10 2008 012 487 A1) and two torque sensors 118, 136 and two speed sensors 120, 120 'are connected. The torque sensor 138 detects the pressure in a hydraulic cylinder 124, which moves a rocker 134, which carries a reversing run of the belt 62 exciting role 126 when reversing the rollers 28, 28 '. Another hydraulic cylinder 140, the pressure of which is detected by the second torque sensor 118, displaces a rocker arm 132, which carries a roller 130, which pulls the strand 62 of the belt 62 back in the operating mode. The belt 62 of the second belt drive thus revolves around the pulleys 60, 84, 86 and 136. Reference is made to FIGS. 3 and 4, wherein FIG. 3 shows the directions of rotation in normal harvesting operation and FIG. 4 shows the directions of rotation when reversing the rollers 28, 28 '. The torque sensors 118, 138 are only examples and may be replaced by any other types of torque sensors that detect torques in the driveline of the rollers 28, 28 '. The speed sensors 120, 120 'each detect the rotational speed of one of the rollers 28, 28'.
    The operation of the forage harvester 10 takes place after all according to the manner described in the following with reference to FIG 5. After the start in step 200, a first mode, i. a normal harvesting operation, selected. For this, the operator interface or another switch in the cabin 18 may be used. In the first operating mode, the clutch 78 is closed and the internal combustion engine 38 drives the chopper drum 22 and the conveyor 24 in the directions of rotation shown in FIG. 1 via the first belt drive. The second belt drive drives the rollers 28, 28 'such that the lower roller 28 rotates clockwise in FIG. 1 and the upper roller 28' rotates counterclockwise, as shown in FIG. 3, the hydraulic cylinder 124 being controlled by a valve device (FIG. not shown) is pressurized and the hydraulic cylinder 140 is depressurized. The hydraulic pump 102 supplies the hydraulic motor 116 and the pump 110 with the hydraulic motor 112 (or vice versa). DE 10 2009 003 242 A1. The controller 94 continuously monitors the speeds of the rollers 28, 28 '(by means of the speed sensors 120, 120') and the drive torque in the belt 62 (via the torque sensor 138, which determines the force in the pulling run of the belt 62, including the roller 126 with a certain force is pressed against the belt 62).
    The controller 94 is programmed (step 204) to detect any crop accumulation between the rollers 28, 28 'of the conditioner, i. a blockage due to an unexpected increase in torque on the torque sensor 138 or a (caused by slippage or slippage of the belt 62) decrease in the speed of one or both of the speed sensors 120, 120 'to recognize. In such a case (step 206), the controller 94 causes on the one hand a warning to the operator via the display device of the operator interface 98 and on the other hand an opening of the clutch 78 and a stop of the hydraulic motors 112, 116. The Emtegutfluss by the forage harvester 10 is thus stopped immediately ,
    To eliminate clogging, after detection of the clogging in the conditioning device, the controller 94 proceeds automatically or to a corresponding input to the operator interface 94 (step 208) such that it instructs (step 210) the actuator 104 to clear the gap between the rollers 28. 28 'of the conditioning to increase, so that the constipation can be easily eliminated. Subsequently (step 212), the controller 94 commands a valve device such that the hydraulic pump 102 is used as reversing motor for the reversing drive of the first belt drive and thus of the second belt drive. For this purpose, the hydraulic pump 102 can be connected to the hydraulic pump 110 (see DE 10 2009 003 242 A1) or to a pump of the pump assembly 74. The rollers 28, 28 'are therefore driven counter to the direction of normal harvesting operation, the cylinder 140 is set almost without pressure and the cylinder 124 is pressurized to represent the operating situation according to the figure 4. The speed used here is smaller than that usually used for back grinding the knives of the cutterhead 22 or for adjusting the counterknife. The speed is still not abruptly ramped from zero to a setpoint, but relatively slowly and gradually increased to a final value. It should also be noted that the first belt drive could also be equipped with two tension rollers in order to optimally tension it in its different directions of movement, analogously to FIGS. 3 and 4.
    In the following step 214 it is checked whether the torque τ for driving the rollers 28, 28 ', which is now detected by means of the torque sensor 118, whose roller 130 is pressed against the belt 62 with a small force, is greater than a certain threshold , which is below a torque at which spinning of the belt 62 is to be feared. In addition, the speed ω of the speed sensors 120, 120 'is compared with the speed anticipated based on the speed of the pulley 60 (which may be detected anywhere within the first or second belt drive by another speed sensor, not shown). If the torque τ is above the threshold and / or the speed ω (outside of a certain tolerance zone) is below the speed of the pulley 60, it can be assumed that the rollers 28, 28 'are not rotating freely, i. that the blockage could not be eliminated. In this case, step 218 follows, otherwise the harvesting operation is resumed in step 216, since it can be assumed that the clogging has been successfully eliminated.
    Between steps 214 and 216, optionally, a step, not shown, may be performed, in which the rotational speed of the rollers 28, 28 'is automatically raised, possibly beyond the speed used in step 214, to pass the channel between the chopper drum 22 and the drum Rolls 28, 28 'free to promote. The direction of rotation according to FIG. 4 or that according to FIG. 3 can be used, the latter being characterized by a better effect due to air conveyed by the chopper drum 22
    In step 218, it is checked whether a number n of steps set to zero in any one of steps 210 to 212 is above a threshold, e.g. 10 can be. If this is the case, a manual removal of the crop accumulation must take place (step 220), for which purpose the operator can be given a corresponding indication on the display device of the user interface 98. Otherwise, step 222 follows, in which the number n is increased by 1 and the hydraulic pump 102 now drives the rollers 28, 28 'in the direction in which they are emptied (see FIG. 3), in which case the torque sensor 138 is active. Step 214 then follows again. If step 222 is reached again, the direction of rotation according to FIG. 4 is selected again. It is therefore an attempt to rock the rollers 28, 28 'of the conditioner gradually free.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    A forage harvester (10) having a feed housing containing a feed conveyor (36) to which a harvesting attachment (20) is attachable, a cutterhead (22) disposed downstream of the intake conveyor (36), a conditioning device disposed in the opposite direction of the cutterhead (22) drivable, co-operating rollers (28, 28 ') and an ejection manifold (26) located downstream of the conditioner, wherein the intake conveyor (36), the chopper drum (22) and the rollers (28, 28') of the conditioning device are associated with, by a controller (94) are connected to controlled drive means and by means of the controller (94) a first mode of harvesting, in which the intake conveyor (36), the chopper drum (22) and the rollers (28, 28 ') of the conditioner in a first direction are drivable to promote, chop and condition picked by the header (20) Emtegut, and a second mode be selected to remove a clogging of the conditioning, in which the drive means of the conditioning device driving the rollers (28, 28 ') in a second, the first direction opposite direction, wherein the distance between the cooperating rollers (28, 28') of the conditioning by an actuator (104) is changeable and the controller (94) is operable to cause the actuator (104), prior to receiving the second mode, to place the rollers (28, 28 ') in an open position.
    [2]
    The forage harvester (10) according to claim 1, wherein the controller (94) is arranged to cause the drive means of the rollers (28, 28 ') to move the rollers (28, 28') alternately in different directions and / or in the second mode. or drive with successively increasing speed.
    [3]
    A forage harvester (10) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the controller (94) is arranged to cause the drive means, after removal of clogging of the conditioning means, the chopper drum (22) and the rollers (28, 28 ') in the to drive first or second direction to remove crop from a channel between the cutterhead (22) and the rollers (28, 28 ').
    [4]
    The forage harvester (10) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the controller (94) is arranged, in the second mode of operation, the drive means of the rollers (28, 28 ') based on signals for detecting the drive torque and / or the speed of the rollers equipped sensor (120,120 ', 118, 138) zuzusteuem.
    [5]
    5. forage harvester (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the second mode, the chopper drum (22) by their drive means in a second, the first direction opposite direction is driven.
    [6]
    6. forage harvester (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the rollers (28, 28 ') of the conditioning device by a drive assigned to it or the drive means of the chopper drum (22) can be driven in the second direction.
    [7]
    7. forage harvester (10) according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the drive means of the cutterhead (22) comprise a reversing motor for driving the chopper drum (22) in the second direction.
    [8]
    8. forage harvester (10) according to claim 7, wherein the drive means for driving the chopper drum (22) in the first direction comprise a drive train with a clutch (78) and a first belt drive, wherein the drive train in the first operating mode, an internal combustion engine (38). with the chopper drum (22) drivingly connected and the forage harvester (10) in addition between the conditioner and the chute a delivery device (24) whose drive shaft (58) from the internal combustion engine (38) forth via the first belt drive is driven, the drive shaft ( 52) of the conveying device (24) is in drive connection via a second belt drive to the rollers (28, 28 ') of the conditioning device and to the second belt drive two separate tensioning rollers (126, 130) are assigned, one of which depending on the first or second Operating mode respectively the returning strand of the belt (62) of the second belt drive tightens.
    [9]
    9. forage harvester (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the controller (94) by a manually operable input device and / or based on a sensor adapted to detect a clogging of the conditioner sensor is veranladbar to select the second mode.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1023764A1|2017-07-14|
    DE102014219049A1|2016-03-24|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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    DE102018217418A1|2018-10-11|2020-04-16|Deere & Company|Drive arrangement for the variable-speed drive of a conditioning device of a forage harvester equipped with two conditioning rollers|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102014219049.5A|DE102014219049A1|2014-09-22|2014-09-22|Forage harvester with reversible conditioning device|
    DE102014219049.5|2014-09-22|
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