• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    ORC for converting heat into mechanical energy, comprising a closed circuit (14) with a two-phase working fluid and a fluid pump (15) for circulating the working fluid in the circuit (14) sequentially through an evaporation device (10); an expansion device (12) for converting the thermal energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy; and a condenser (16), wherein the expander (12) is located above the evaporator (10) and the fluid outlet (22) of the evaporator (10) is connected to the fluid inlet (23) of the expander (12) ) through a so-called riser (24) which is filled with a mixture of liquid working fluid and gaseous bubbles of the working fluid, this mixture being fed to the expansion device (12), and wherein the riser (24) extends with at least a portion extends above the level of the inlet (23) of the expander (12) to allow a gravitational flow to be carried through the riser (24) to the expander (12).
    公开号:BE1023753B1
    申请号:E2016/5642
    申请日:2016-08-17
    公开日:2017-07-11
    发明作者:Henrik Öhman
    申请人:Atlas Copco Airpower Naamloze Vennootschap；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ORC to convert waste heat from a heat source into mechanical energy and a cooling system that uses such an ORC.
    The present invention relates to an ORC for converting waste heat from a heat source into mechanical energy and to a cooling system that uses such an ORC for cooling a source of waste heat.
    Energy cycles for WTP (waste heat to energy) are well described, such as ORC, Kalina, Trilatéral Flash etc.
    Such energy cycles are designed to recover waste heat from the heat source and to convert that energy into useful mechanical energy that can be used, for example, to drive a generator for generating electrical energy.
    The use of an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) is more particularly known for recovering waste energy from relatively low temperature heat sources such as the heat from compressed gas produced by a compressor installation, or contained in exhaust gases, flue gases, steam, hot water or the like.
    Such known ORCs include a closed circuit that contains a two-phase operating fluid, the circuit further comprising a fluid pump for circulating the fluid in the circuit sequentially through an evaporator which is in thermal contact with the heat source to vaporize the working fluid; by converting an expansion device such as a turbine to convert the thermal energy that is sent to the gaseous working fluid that forms in the evaporator into useful mechanical energy; and finally through a condenser in thermal contact with a coolant such as water or ambient air to transform the gaseous working fluid into a liquid that can be sent back to the evaporator for the next working fluid working cycle.
    In installations producing hot gases, the ORC is used to cool the hot gases by bringing those hot gases into contact with the ORC evaporator and at the same time using the ORC to convert the heat recovered in the evaporator into useful energy in the expansion device.
    A drawback of the existing ORCs is that the size of the evaporator must be relatively large in order to have sufficient contact between the working fluid in the evaporator and the heat source for heat transfer, in particular with a heat source with a low temperature of, for example, 90 ° C or even 60 ° C, wherein the contact surface between the liquid fraction of the working fluid to be evaporated in the evaporator is only a small fraction of the total contact surface of the evaporator since the evaporator only contains liquid at the bottom and vapors of the working fluid at the top.
    Another disadvantage is that in the case of a failure in the fluid pump or the expansion device, the circulation of the working fluid in the ORC automatically stops, since the evaporator must be above the expansion device to provide a gravitational flow of the liquid fraction of the fluid from the evaporator to the expansion device, especially when a biphasic fluid to the inlet of the expansion device is preferred.
    When the working fluid in the ORC stops circulating, the cooling function of the ORC to cool the hot gases is lost, leading to potentially dangerous situations where the installations behind or the users behind using the uncooled hot gases could be damaged due to overheating.
    The unpublished Belgian patent application 2014/0654 from the same applicant provides a solution in the event of a failure in the ORC fluid pump by introducing auxiliary coolers that are not part of the ORC system and therefore cooling the compressed gases able to insure in the event of a failure in the ORC system.
    A disadvantage is that auxiliary coolers must be provided.
    It is an object of the present invention to provide a solution to one or more of the aforementioned and other disadvantages.
    It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an ORC for converting heat from a heat source into mechanical energy, the ORC comprising a closed circuit comprising a two-phase operating fluid, the circuit comprising a fluid pump for circulation of the working fluid in the circuit successively by an evaporator, which is set such that it is in thermal contact with the heat source; by an expansion device for converting the thermal energy of the working fluid into work; and by a condenser in thermal contact with a cooling element, the expansion device being above the evaporator and the fluid outlet of the evaporator being connected to the fluid inlet of the expansion device by means of a so-called riser line filled with a mixture of liquid working fluid and gaseous bubbles of the working fluid, wherein this mixture is fed to the expansion device, and wherein the riser pipe extends at least a part at the same level or above the level of the inlet of the expansion device such that a gravitational flow of the liquid working fluid that is passed through the riser to the expansion device is possible.
    Ensuring that the riser is filled with a mixture of liquid and gaseous working fluid creates a kind of pumping effect whereby the biphasic working fluid is sent by the force of gravity to the inlet of the expansion device and further downstream to the inlet of the condenser wherein the condenser is preferably predominantly at the same level or lower than the expansion device and the evaporator is preferably predominantly at the same level or lower than the condenser such that a gravitational flow of the liquid is possible working fluid sent by the expansion device to the condenser and further down from the condenser to the evaporator. An advantage of the riser pumping effect is that in the event that the fluid pump or expansion device is blocked, the working fluid continues to circulate autonomously in the ORC circuit and the ORC begins to act as a kind of heat pipe or thermosiphon.
    An advantage related to this self-circulating effect is that, even in the unfortunate situation that the fluid pump or expansion device is blocked when the ORC is used to cool the heat source, the ORC retains its cooling function, eliminating the need for separate cooling devices next to the ORC when cooling is critical.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the lower part of the condenser fluid inlet is lower than the lower part of the rotating, active parts of the expansion device.
    Throughout this text, the term "rotating active parts of the expansion device" refers to those rotating parts of the expansion device which, in operation, are directly involved in the fluid expansion process, such as the helical rotors in the case of a screw expansion device , the rotor in the case of a turbine, the scroll in the case of a scrollex expansion device, the piston in the case of a piston expansion device, or the like. However, the term "rotating, active parts of the expansion device" excludes inactive parts not involved in the expansion process, such as bearings, a generator, or the like.
    Thus, it is also preferable that the lower part of the fluid inlet of the evaporator is lower than the lower part of the fluid outlet of the condenser.
    The ORC is preferably provided with a bypass that bridges the inlet and outlet of the fluid pump and includes a valve with a control to keep the valve closed during normal operation of the ORC and to open the valve in the event that the fluid pump would not work due to malfunction or other reasons.
    An advantage is that the bypass can cancel the flow resistance of a defective fluid pump that could hinder the gravitational flow of the working fluid and, consequently, the cooling gap of the ORC.
    Thus, the ORC is preferably also provided with a bypass that bridges the inlet and outlet of the fluid pump and includes a valve with a control to keep the valve closed during normal operation of the ORC and to open the valve in the event that the expansion device would not work due to malfunction or other reasons.
    Another aspect of the invention is that the ORC is designed such that in at least certain operating conditions the evaporator is completely filled with boiling working fluid and that the riser is filled with a mixture of working liquid fluid and gaseous bubbles of the working fluid, this mixture being sent to the working fluid. expansion device.
    An advantage of an ORC according to the invention is that the evaporator is filled with boiling, liquid working fluid, whereby the contact surface between the liquid working fluid and the heat source is maximized and whereby the heat transfer with the heat source is maximized and whereby the amount of heat that is recovered from the heat source to be converted into mechanical energy by the expansion device is maximized.
    In the case that an ORC is used to cool the compressed gases from a compressor installation, this also means maximizing the cooling function of the ORC.
    An advantage with regard to the efficient cooling of the compressed gases in contact with the evaporator is that no additional cooling is required and that a smaller evaporator can be selected in the design.
    The riser provides a guarantee that the inner surfaces of the evaporator are always covered with liquid, the liquid in the riser tending to flow back into the evaporator to replace the gas bubbles produced in the evaporator by boiling the working fluid.
    The present invention also relates to a cooling system for cooling a source of waste heat, wherein the cooling system comprises an ORC according to the invention as the sole means to cool the heat source without the need for any additional external cooling, also in circumstances where the expansion device and / or the fluid pump is not working.
    With the insight to better demonstrate the characteristics of the invention, a few preferred embodiments of an OCR according to the present invention for converting waste heat from a heat source into mechanical energy and from a compressor installation are described below as an example without any limiting character. uses such an OCR, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
    Figure 1 schematically represents a single-stage compressor installation that uses an ORC system according to the invention;
    Figure 2 represents the ORC of Figure 1 in a more realistic way; and
    Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the compressor installation of Figure 1.
    The cooling system 1 shown in Figure 1 is a cooling system for cooling, for example, the compressed gas produced by a compressor installation comprising a compressor element 2 with an inlet 3 and an outlet 4, the compressor element 2 being connected to a motor 5 for to drive compressor element 2 for compressing a gas stream Q. Furthermore, the cooling system 1 comprises a cooler 6, which is provided behind the compressor element 2, for cooling the compressed gas before it is supplied to a network 7 of consumers of compressed gas .
    The cooling installation 1 comprises an ORC 8 according to the invention in which the cooler 6 is integrated in a heat exchanger 9 which in turn integrates an evaporator 10 of the ORC 8 for the recovery of the waste heat of the compressed gas used as a heat source 11, configured as such to convert the aforementioned heat into useful mechanical energy by means of an expansion device 12 of the ORC 8, for example a turbine driving an electric generator 13 as illustrated in the example of Figure 1.
    The ORC comprises a closed circuit 14 containing a biphasic organic working fluid with a boiling temperature lower than the temperature of the heat source 11, the working fluid being continuously pumped around the circuit 14 by means of a fluid pump 15 in the direction shown by the arrows F.
    The working fluid is such that it flows successively through the evaporator 10 which is in thermal contact with the heat source 11; then through the expansion device 12 and finally through a condenser 16 before being re-launched by the fluid pump 15 for a subsequent cycle in the circuit 14.
    The condenser 16 forms part of a heat exchanger 9 'in which the condenser 16 is in thermal contact with a cooling element 17 of a cooling circuit 18 which, in the example of Figure 1, is represented as a supply of cold water W from a tank 19 which circulates through the condenser 16 by means of a pump 20.
    According to the invention, the condenser 16 is physically lower than the expansion device 12, while the evaporator 10 is physically lower than the condenser 16 such that a gravitational flow is possible from the liquid working fluid flowing through the riser 24 to the expansion device 12 and further down from the expansion device 12 to the condenser 16 and from the condenser 16 to the evaporator 10.
    The term "lower than" does not require all parts of the condenser / evaporator to be lower. It means that the main parts of the condenser / evaporator are at a lower level. The term is to be understood in the context of a requirement for creating a gravitational flow of the liquid portion of the working fluid.
    Preferably, at least the lower part of the flux dimmer inlet of the condenser 16 is physically lower than the lower part 12 'of the rotating, active parts 12 "of the expansion device 12, as shown schematically in Figure 2, while the lower part of the the fluid inlet of the evaporator 10 is physically lower than the lower part of the fluid outlet of the condenser 16, the fluid outlet 22 of the evaporator 10 being connected to the fluid inlet 23 of the expansion device 12 by means of a so-called riser 24.
    The ORC 8 according to the invention is designed such that in normal operation the evaporator 10 is completely filled with boiling working fluid and that the riser is filled over its entire height with a mixture of working fluid in the liquid state and gaseous bubbles of the working fluid, the mixture is fed to the fluid inlet 23 of the expansion device 12 via a curved part 24 'of the riser 24, the curved part 24' extending at least a part above the lower part of the fluid inlet 23 of the expansion device 12 .
    The term "filled with boiling liquid working fluid" means that the gaseous bubbles created by boiling do not accumulate at the top of the evaporator 10, such that the working fluid in the evaporator 10 is not separated into a liquid part and a gaseous part accumulated in a space on top of the liquid part as in known ORCs.
    Normal operation of the ORC 8 according to the invention is that the working fluidura is such that it boils in the evaporator 10 by the heat of the compressed gases that are cooled simultaneously.
    The fluid pump 15 is designed to ensure that it pumps more working fluid to the evaporator 10 than can be evaporated by the heat of the compressed gas to ensure that the evaporator is completely filled with boiling fluid for maximum heat recovery from the compressed gas.
    In the riser line 24 there is a mixture of gas bubbles of the working fluid and working fluid in the liquid state which, as schematically shown in Figure 2, is transported and sent to the inlet 23 of the expansion device 12, which must therefore be selected from types of expansion fluid. devices capable of operating with such a two-phase mixture.
    The curved part 24 'must be at the same level as or at a higher level than the fluid inlet 23 of the expansion device so that the liquid passing through the riser 24 with the gas bubbles flows over the curved part 24' and through gravity falls down through the expansion device 12 and to the condenser 16, from where it is again sent to the evaporator 10 via the line 25 of the circuit 14 connecting the condenser 16 to the evaporator 10.
    The gas bubbles produced in the evaporator 10 will tend to rise in the riser 24 and in the conduit 25 but will choose the path of least resistance through the riser 24.
    Thus a sort of self-circulating effect is created by the riser 24 that helps to circulate the working fluid in the circuit 14.
    Even when the fluid pump 15 or the expansion device 12 becomes blocked, the ORC continues to pump the working fluid around in the circuit 14 assisted by gravity, thereby providing sufficient cooling of the compressed gas in the evaporator 10 to prevent dangerous situations from occurring until the fluid pump 15 or the expansion device 12 can be restored.
    It is clear that an ORC 8 according to the invention can also be used in applications other than for cooling compressed gas, such as cooling flue gases, steam, etc.
    Cooling of the condenser 16 can be realized in other ways than in the example of Figure 1, for example by blowing ambient air over the condenser 16 by means of a fan or the like.
    The expansion device 12 can be any type of expansion device capable of generating mechanical energy by expanding a biphasic fluid supply, preferably a volumetric expansion device such as a screw expansion device or a mechanical cylinder or the like which mixture of liquid and gaseous working fluid.
    Preferably a working fluid is used whose boiling temperature is lower than 90 ° C or even lower than 60 ° C, depending on the temperature of the available heat source 11.
    An example of a suitable organic working fluid is 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane. The organic fluid could be mixed with a suitable lubricant for the lubrication of at least a portion of the moving parts of the ORC.
    In summary, the riser 24 must be designed with suitable dimensions to accommodate the following effects: ensure that surfaces of the evaporator are always in contact with liquid; create a desired pressure difference between the evaporator and the inlet of the expansion device; create a suitable height difference between the expansion device and the condenser; - allow a suitable height difference between the condenser and the fluid pump; - ensuring that the WTP system works as a heat pipe / thermosiphon when the expansion device and / or the fluid pump is not working.
    It should be assumed that, when evaluating state of the art documents in the field of ORCs, the locations of the component components relative to each other in the schematic representation of the ORCs do not necessarily correspond to the physical locations of the aforementioned components relative to each other.
    Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment of a cooling installation according to the invention that differs from the embodiment of Figure 1 in that the ORC circuit is provided with a bypass 26 that bridges the inlet 27 and the outlet 28 of the fluid pump 15.
    The bypass 26 including a valve 29 connected to a control 30 to keep the valve 29 closed during the normal operation of the ORC 8 and to open the valve 29 in the event that the fluid pump 15 would not work due to a malfunction or for other reasons. The control 30 is therefore coupled to a sensor 31 by means of an electrical cable harness 32 to detect when the fluid pump 15 is not working.
    The ORC of Figure 3 is also provided with a bypass 33 which bridges the inlet 23 and the outlet 21 of the expansion device 12 and comprises a valve 34 which is connected via cable harness 32 to the control 30 to close the valve 34 during the normal operation of the ORC 8 and to open the valve 34 in the event that the input signal coming from a sensor 35 on the expansion device 12 would indicate that the expansion device 12 is not working.
    The controller 30 can either open only one of the pressure equalizing valves 29 or 34 depending on which of the two, the fluid pump 15 or expansion device 12, would not work or can open both valves 29 and 34 at the same time.
    The point 36 where the bypass 34 branches to the ORC circuit 14 on the inlet side of the expansion device 12 should preferably be at a higher level than the condenser 16.
    The present invention is by no means limited to the embodiments described by way of example and shown in the figures, but such an ORC according to the invention for converting waste heat from a heat source into mechanical energy and a compressor installation using such an ORC can be realized in all kinds of variants without departing from the scope of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    1.- ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) to convert heat from a heat source (11) into mechanical energy, the ORC (8) comprising a closed circuit (14) containing a biphasic working fluid, the circuit (14) having a fluid pump (15) for circulating the working fluid in the circuit (14) successively by an evaporation device (10) set so that it is in thermal contact with the heat source (11); by an expansion device (12) for converting the thermal energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy; and by a condenser (16) that is in thermal contact with a cooling element (17), characterized in that the expansion device (12) is above the evaporator (10) and the fluid outlet (22) of the evaporator (10) is connected to the fluid inlet (23) of the expansion device (12) by means of a so-called riser line (24) filled with a mixture of working liquid fluid and gaseous bubbles of the working fluid, this mixture going to the expansion device ( 12), and that the riser line (24) extends with at least a portion at the same level or above the level of the inlet (23) of the expansion device (12) such that a gravitational flow of the liquid working fluid is possible that is passed through the riser (24) to the expansion device (12).
    [2]
    ORC according to claim 1, characterized in that the condenser (16) is mainly at the same level as or at a lower level than the expansion device (12) such that a gravitational flow of the liquid working fluid that is caused by the expansion is possible. device (12) is fed to the condenser (16).
    [3]
    The ORC according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower part of the fluid inlet of the condenser (16) is lower than the lower part of the rotating, active parts of the expansion device (12).
    [4]
    ORC according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaporator (10) is mainly at the same level as or at a lower level than the condenser (16) such that a gravitational flow of the liquid working fluid is possible that condenser (16) is fed to the evaporator.
    [5]
    The ORC according to claim 4, characterized in that the lower part of the fluid inlet of the evaporator (10) is lower than the lower part of the fluid outlet of the condenser (16).
    [6]
    ORC according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ORC (8) is designed in such a way that in at least certain operating conditions the evaporator (10) is completely filled with boiling working fluid and the riser line (24) is filled with a mixture of liquid working fluid and gaseous bubbles of the working fluid, this mixture being fed to the expansion device (12).
    [7]
    The ORC according to claim 6, characterized in that the capacity of the fluid pump (15) is chosen such that the fluid pump (15) pumps more fluid than could be evaporated in the evaporator (10).
    [8]
    The ORC according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ORC (8) is designed such that, in the event that the expansion device (12) and / or the fluid pump (15) would not be operational due to malfunction or for other reasons, the ORC (8) acts as a self-circulating circuit, driven by the thermal gravitational effects on the fluid.
    [9]
    The ORC according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ORC circuit (14) is provided with a bypass (26) that bridges the inlet (27) and the outlet (28) of the fluid pump (15) and a valve (29) includes a control to keep the valve (29) closed during the normal operating conditions of the ORC (8) and open the valve (29) in case the fluid pump (15) would not be operational due to malfunction or for other reasons.
    [10]
    The ORC according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ORC circuit (14) is provided with a bypass (33) that bridges the inlet (23) and the outlet (21) of the expansion device (12) and includes a valve (34) with a control (30) to keep the valve (34) closed during the normal operating conditions of the ORC (8) and to open the valve (34) in the event that the expansion device (12) ) would not be operational due to malfunction or other reasons.
    [11]
    The ORC according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the control of the valves (29,34) is such that in the case that the expansion device (12) and / or the fluid pump (15) are defective, both valves (29.34) open.
    [12]
    The ORC according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expansion device (12) is of any type suitable for accepting a mixture of liquid and gaseous working fluid.
    [13]
    The ORC according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expansion device (12) is a volumetric expansion device (12).
    [14]
    The ORC according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the expansion device (12) is a screw expansion device (12).
    [15]
    The ORC according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a working fluid is used which comprises a lubricant or which acts as a lubricant.
    [16]
    16. "ORC according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a working fluid is used whose boiling temperature is lower than 90 ° C, preferably lower than 60 ° C.
    [17]
    The ORC according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the location where the bypass (33) branches (36) to the ORC circuit (14) on the inlet side of the expansion device (12) on a higher than the condenser (16).
    [18]
    Cooling system for cooling a source of waste heat, characterized in that the cooling system comprises an ORC according to one of the preceding claims as the only means for cooling the heat source (11) without any additional external cooling being required, also in circumstances where the expansion device (12) and / or the fluid pump (15) do not work.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201562215249P| true| 2015-09-08|2015-09-08|
    US62/215,249|2015-09-08|CN201680059381.8A| CN108474272B|2015-09-08|2016-08-18|ORC for converting waste heat from a heat source into mechanical energy and cooling system employing the same|
    KR2020187000024U| KR200491391Y1|2015-09-08|2016-08-18|ORCC for converting waste heat from a heat source into mechanical energy and a cooling system using such ORCC|
    US15/757,350| US10612423B2|2015-09-08|2016-08-18|ORC for transporting waste heat from a heat source into mechanical energy and cooling system making use of such an ORC|
    DE212016000187.6U| DE212016000187U1|2015-09-08|2016-08-18|ORC for converting heat loss from a heat source into mechanical energy and cooling system making use of the ORC|
    EP16785085.8A| EP3347575B1|2015-09-08|2016-08-18|Orc for transforming waste heat from a heat source into mechanical energy and cooling system making use of such an orc|
    PCT/BE2016/000040| WO2017041147A1|2015-09-08|2016-08-18|Orc for transforming waste heat from a heat source into mechanical energy and cooling system making use of such an orc|
    RU2018112383A| RU2701973C1|2015-09-08|2016-08-18|Organic rankine cycle for conversion of waste heat of heat source into mechanical energy and cooling system using such cycle|
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