• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A process for the production of closed paddle wheels with internal cavities. Impeller wheels having the proposed structure and produced according to the proposed method have a smaller mass and allow a higher operating efficiency to be achieved.
    公开号:BE1023667B1
    申请号:E2016/5148
    申请日:2016-03-01
    公开日:2017-06-12
    发明作者:Alexandr Pulnikov
    申请人:Atlas Copco Airpower Naamloze Vennootschap；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    A method for producing closed paddle wheels.
    The invention relates to a method for producing a closed blade wheel.
    Centrifugal paddle wheels are used in turbochargers for compressing gases. Such turbo-compressors generally comprise several compression stages, each with a compressor element to incrementally increase the pressure, the last stage reaching the highest pressure.
    So-called closed paddle wheels consist of a hub with paddles and a mantle that covers the paddles. Traditionally, such paddle wheels are either made from a solid piece of metal with material being removed by turning and milling, or they are made by joining together a machined hub and a machined jacket by welding or brazing.
    The hub includes a central bore to connect the paddle wheel to a drive shaft. To prevent excessive leakage of gas at outlet pressure to the inlet of the impeller, a front seal is usually provided on the jacket. The casing contains a number of steps on its outer surface that define seats for seals. The seats preferably have a cylindrical surface, since this allows axial displacement of the paddle wheel, for example, by centrifugal contraction and / or thermal expansion of the paddle wheel and the drive shaft.
    Another seal could optionally be placed at the rear of the impeller, in particular on the axial side of the outlet.
    During operation, gas flows into the channels of the impeller through the inlet at an inlet pressure and exits the channels through the outlet at an outlet pressure. Consequently, the outlet pressure is present over the jacket and at the rear of the hub. Since the pressure in the channels is lower than the outlet pressure, this causes a compression of the blades. Since that compression affects the size of the blades and since a smaller cross-section of the blades is desired, a method should preferably be found to reduce that operational compression.
    The paddle wheel is subject to centrifugal forces during operation. Since the jacket is on top of the blades, the deformation of the jacket is greater than the deformation of the hub. This results in an additional load on the blades. For that reason, the mass of the jacket should preferably be reduced. A smaller mass of the jacket would allow thinner blades, which in turn would allow a smaller mass at the hub. Consequently, the total weight of the paddle wheel could decrease.
    Additive production techniques could enable paddle wheel structures that would otherwise not be feasible with conventional subtractive production techniques.
    US 7,281,901 proposes the use of additive production techniques to realize internal cavities in open blade wheels. It is proposed to make such blade wheels using selective laser melting techniques or SLM (selective laser melting), which is based on depositing layers of fine metal powder and locally melting this powder to achieve a desired cross-section of the component. When the paddle wheel is ready, the excess powder is removed from the internal cavities via passages connecting the internal cavities to a central bore of the open paddle wheel.
    For super chargers, to which US 7,281,901 relates, such a control could be sufficient, since the inlet pressure for such paddle wheels is usually the atmospheric pressure. But that solution is not suitable for high pressure applications. The assembly of such a paddle wheel usually takes place at atmospheric pressure. But during operation at high inlet pressure, gas could gradually leak into the internal cavities along the central bore. This creates an uncertain pressure in the internal cavity and poses a potential hazard when disassembling the paddle wheel.
    The present invention has for its object to provide a solution for one or more of the aforementioned and / or other problems.
    To this end, the invention relates to a method for the production of a closed paddle wheel with a hub and a jacket by means of additive production, said method comprising the step of providing one or more internal cavities in the hub and / or in the mantle through additive production.
    The invention further relates to a closed blade wheel comprising: - a hub; - a series of blades provided on that hub; - a jacket provided on top of those blades, wherein the hub is provided with a part with an internal first cavity, said first cavity being in fluid communication with a rear part of the paddle wheel, or with an inlet of the paddle wheel, or with an arbitrary location in the paddle wheel channels extending between the paddles.
    According to a preferred embodiment of a paddle wheel according to the invention, the jacket is provided with an internal second cavity, the internal second cavity being in fluid communication with the inlet of the paddle wheel. As such, the internal second cavity is subject to the impeller pressure pressure. The second cavity is preferably provided in a low part of the jacket.
    With the insight to better demonstrate the characteristics of the invention, a few preferred embodiments and methods for carrying out the invention are described below, without any limiting character, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
    Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a conventional configuration of a closed paddle wheel according to the prior art; and Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a closed paddle wheel according to the present invention.
    A conventional configuration of a closed paddle wheel according to the prior art is shown in Figure 1.
    The paddle wheel 1 comprises a hub 2 with a central bore 3, a series of blades 4 provided on the hub 2 and a jacket 5 on top of the blades, which covers the channels between the blades 4.
    Furthermore, the impeller 1 has an inlet 6 and an outlet 7.
    On the front part of the casing 5, in particular the side of the casing 5 on the inlet side that faces away from the hub 2, a series of cylindrical surfaces 8 is provided for the front seal.
    A sealing surface 9 for the rear seal could optionally be provided at the rear of the paddle wheel 1. The outer surface 10 of the jacket 5, as well as the outer surface 11 of the hub 2, are subjected to the outlet pressure of the paddle wheel 1 when the paddle wheel 1 is in use.
    During operation, when the impeller is driven in rotation in a known manner to compress a gas, the pressure in the channels between the vanes 4 varies from the inlet pressure at the inlet 6 to the outlet pressure at the outlet 7.
    Since the pressure in the channels of the impeller 1 is generally lower than the outlet pressure, the impellers 4 are subject to compression acting on the surfaces 10 and 11. The thickness of the blades 4 must be sufficient to avoid excessive mechanical stress.
    Cylindrical surfaces 8 facilitate sealing, since they allow axial displacement of the paddle wheel 1 relative to the corresponding static sealing rings not shown in the figure, due to centrifugal axial contraction and / or thermal expansion of the drive train in operation. To prevent excessive leakage along the front seal, a series of seal rings is often used. Due to the centrifugal deformation of the blade wheel 1, it is not practical to use a single cylindrical surface. Instead, a series of short cylindrical surfaces 8 with different diameters is used. This usually leads to an excessive thickness of the jacket 5 at the inlet 6.
    The use of additive production techniques for the production of the paddle wheel makes it possible to optimize the paddle wheel structure with the aim of reducing the weight of the paddle wheel and reducing the production costs, as well as improving the operation of the paddle wheel.
    Additive production techniques also allow substantial freedom in design. They allow, for example, the installation of internal cavities and internal channels in the paddle wheel.
    A configuration of a paddle wheel 12 according to the invention, wherein the paddle wheel 12 integrates such design features, is shown in Figure 2.
    In addition to the elements indicated on prior art paddle wheel 1, the paddle wheel 12 according to the invention comprises a first internal cavity 13 in the hub 2.
    The upper wall 14 covering the cavity 13 is made with an angle with respect to the axis X-X 'of the paddle wheel 1. That angle depends on the chosen production technique and the direction in which the paddle wheel 12 is built up. If an SLM technique is chosen, the preferred direction of construction would be directed from the inlet 6 to the rear of the paddle wheel 12. In that case, the maximum value of the angle between the top wall 14 and the axis (X-X ') ) of the impeller 1 cannot be greater than the maximum angle permitted by SLM for non-propped surfaces, which is currently about 45 °. Because of that limitation, a support grid could be introduced into the impeller channels, but this grid could be removed at a later stage.
    The first internal cavity 13 is in fluid communication with the inlet 6, in this case via a number of channels 15.
    According to a preferred feature according to the invention, an additional, second internal cavity 16 is provided in the front portion of the jacket 5. That second internal cavity 16 is in fluid communication with the inlet 6, in this case via a series of channels 17. The second internal cavity 16 causes some mass reduction in the casing 5 and also uncouples the centrifugal deformation of the sealing surfaces 8 from the deformation of the remainder of the casing 5. This allows a more radial deformation of the sealing surfaces and consequently a better sealing. quality.
    In this example, channels 15 and 17 are both used as evacuation channels for removing non-molten metal powder, and as pressure equalization channels to provide corresponding pressure in the first and second internal cavities 13 and 16. It goes without saying that, according to a other embodiment not shown in the drawings, separate channels could be provided that are intended either for the evacuation or for pressure equalization.
    The location of the channels 15 allows manipulation with the internal pressure in the first internal cavity 13. The channels 15 could, for example, be located at a larger radius, i.e. closer to the outlet 7, to provide a higher gas pressure in the first internal cavity 13. This would lower the pressure across the top wall 14.
    It is also possible to make channels 15 in the back wall 18. In that case, the pressure in the first internal cavity 13 would be equal to the back pressure that exists behind the rear seal.
    It is also possible to completely seal the channels 15 after the metal powder has been removed from the first cavity 13. Since the external pressure is applied to the surface of the upper wall 14, it is possible to at least partially compensate for the effect of the centrifugal forces acting on the hub 2.
    The outlet pressure is applied to outer surfaces 10 and 11, but the compression of the blades 4 in the blade wheel 12 according to the invention would be considerably smaller in comparison with the blade wheel 1 according to the prior art 1.
    Since the wall 14 is inclined with respect to the axis XX 'of the paddle wheel 12, this reduces the surface area of the outer surface 11. Moreover, since the pressure in the first internal cavity 13 is lower with respect to the pressure in the channels between the blades 4, this would further reduce the compression of the blades 4. The thickness of the blades 4 is usually determined by the centrifugal load and compression during operation due to the pressure build-up from the inlet to the outlet. If the operating compression decreases, this offers a possibility to reduce the thickness of the blades. Less thick blades 4 would have a positive effect on the operation of the blade wheel 12, since the cross-section of the channels between the blades 4 would increase, and thus allow a mass reduction in the hub 2.
    A reduction in mass in the jacket 5 and in the vanes 4 does not necessarily lead to a corresponding weakening of the hub 2. Instead, higher peripheral speeds could be achieved with a comparable vane wheel configuration.
    Because of the sloping top wall 14, the back surface of the paddle wheel 12 according to the invention that is exposed to the outlet pressure is also reduced compared to the paddle wheel 1 according to the prior art. This would reduce the friction losses. To prevent gas from circulating in the first and / or second internal cavities 13 and / or 16, a series of membranes could be provided that separate the cavities 13 and / or 16 into different chambers. In that case, each room must be provided with a separate channel 15 and 17.
    The outer surface of the paddle wheel 12 could be machined to obtain a smooth surface.
    The proposed structure could be extended to open-type paddle wheels that operate at high pressure and that do not have a sheath around the blades.
    Additive production is a process in which materials are combined to create objects, starting from 3D ~ model data, usually layer upon layer, in contrast to subtractive production techniques (ASTM F2792-12a).
    Additive production refers to a category of production methods, for example powder bed fusion or powder bed fusion (an additive production process in which thermal energy selectively fuses specific places of a powder bed) and direct energy deposition (an additive production process in which bundled thermal energy is used to fuse materials while they are deposited). Within the powder-bed-fusion method there are a number of technologies such as electron beam melting (powder material is melted by means of an electron beam}, selective laser melting (SLM, a production process in which powder material is melted by means of a laser), selective laser sintering (powder material is sintered by means of a laser Direct energy deposition also includes laser cladding technology.
    Metal or ceramic material or polymer or fiber-reinforced polymer or any combination of these materials could be used to produce paddle wheels in the proposed configuration.
    The invention is not limited to the embodiments and methods described above, but a paddle wheel according to the invention can be realized in various shapes and sizes and, similarly, a method according to the present invention for the production of a paddle wheel can be realized in all kinds of variants without departing from the scope of the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. - A closed paddle wheel (12) comprising: - a hub (2); - a series of blades (4) provided on said hub (2); - a jacket (5) provided on top of the blades (4); characterized in that the hub (2) is provided with a part with a first internal cavity (13), said first internal cavity (13) being in fluid communication with a rear part of the impeller (1), or with an inlet (6) ) of the paddle wheel (1), or with a random location in the paddle wheel channels extending between the paddles (4).
    [2]
    A closed paddle wheel according to claim 1, wherein the casing (5) comprises a second internal cavity (16), the second internal cavity (16) being in fluid communication with the inlet (6) of the paddle wheel (12).
    [3]
    A closed paddle wheel according to claim 2, characterized in that the second internal cavity (16) is provided in a front portion of the jacket (5) at the inlet (6).
    [4]
    A closed paddle wheel according to claim 2, characterized in that the paddle wheel (12) is further provided with channels (15, 17) designed to permit the removal of non-molten metal powder.
    [5]
    A closed paddle wheel according to claim 2, characterized in that the paddle wheel (12) is further provided with pressure equalization channels (15, 17) designed to provide a corresponding pressure in the first and second internal cavity (13, 16) .
    [6]
    Method for the production of a closed paddle wheel with a structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the paddle wheel (12) is made with the aid of one or more additive production techniques.
    [7]
    Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the blade wheel (12) is made of metal.
    [8]
    Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the impeller (12) is made as a single component.
    [9]
    Method for the production of a closed paddle wheel with a hub (2) and a jacket (5) with the aid of additive production, characterized in that said method comprises the step of providing one or more internal cavities (13, 16) ) in the hub (2) and / or the jacket (5) by additive production.
    [10]
    Method according to claim 6 or claim 9, characterized in that the impeller (12) is built up in layers, the method further comprising the steps of: - making the impeller with an intermediate support grid between the casing (5) and the hub (2) is integrated; - removing excess metal powder; - the elimination of the intermediate support grid structure.
    [11]
    The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the method further comprises the step of machining the paddle wheel (12) on its outer surface (10, 11).
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2013124314A1|2012-02-23|2013-08-29|Nuovo Pignone Srl|Turbo-machine impeller manufacturing|
    US20150267543A1|2014-03-20|2015-09-24|Cameron International Corporation|Monolithic shrouded impeller|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201562264998P| true| 2015-12-09|2015-12-09|
    US62/264,998|2015-12-09|DK16831476.3T| DK3387261T3|2015-12-09|2016-11-29|Shielded impeller manufactured by additive manufacturing and includes cavities in the hub and shield|
    HUE16831476A| HUE047499T2|2015-12-09|2016-11-29|Shrouded impeller made by additive manufacturing and including voids in the hub and in the shroud|
    ES16831476T| ES2767780T3|2015-12-09|2016-11-29|Coated impeller made by additive manufacturing and including cavities in the hub and in the coating|
    LTEP16831476.3T| LT3387261T|2015-12-09|2016-11-29|Shrouded impeller made by additive manufacturing and including voids in the hub and in the shroud|
    PL16831476T| PL3387261T3|2015-12-09|2016-11-29|Shrouded impeller made by additive manufacturing and including voids in the hub and in the shroud|
    US15/780,473| US10830249B2|2015-12-09|2016-11-29|Shrouded impeller made by additive manufacturing and including voids in the hub and in the shroud|
    MX2018006917A| MX2018006917A|2015-12-09|2016-11-29|Shrouded impeller made by additive manufacturing and including voids in the hub and in the shroud.|
    EP16831476.3A| EP3387261B1|2015-12-09|2016-11-29|Shrouded impeller made by additive manufacturing and including voids in the hub and in the shroud|
    KR1020217001987A| KR102279615B1|2015-12-09|2016-11-29|Shrouded impeller made by additive manufacturing and including voids in the hub and in the shroud|
    PCT/BE2016/000051| WO2017096440A1|2015-12-09|2016-11-29|Shrouded impeller made by additive manufacturing and including voids in the hub and in the shroud|
    JP2018529247A| JP6689978B2|2015-12-09|2016-11-29|Shrouded impeller with voids in the hub and shroud made by additive manufacturing|
    KR1020187019443A| KR102234977B1|2015-12-09|2016-11-29|Shrouded impeller manufactured by additive manufacturing and having cavities in the hub and shroud|
    CN201680071922.9A| CN108368855B|2015-12-09|2016-11-29|Shrouded impeller made by additive manufacturing and having cavities in the hub and shroud|
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