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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a method for preparing a fodder composition for mammals, in particular pigs, wherein the fodder composition comprises a fermented grain substrate. The invention further relates to an apparatus for preparing said fermented cereal substrate. The invention also relates to said feed composition and said fermented grain substrate.
    公开号:BE1023433B1
    申请号:E2016/5683
    申请日:2016-09-08
    公开日:2017-03-17
    发明作者:Rudolf Petrus Wilhelmus BENS；Gerrit Hendrik VELDHORST
    申请人:De Heus Voeders B.V.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD FOR PREPARING A FEEDING COMPOSITION CONTAINING A VIRGED CEREAL SUBSTRATE, A DEVICE FOR PREPARING THE
    CONCERNING SUBSTRATE
    TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of a feed composition for mammals, in particular pigs, wherein the feed composition comprises a fermented grain substrate. Moreover, the invention relates to a device for preparing the relevant fermented grain substrate. The invention also relates to the relevant feed composition and to the relevant fermented grain substrate.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The use of crops as feed for the livestock industry is under discussion. The use of crops such as corn, wheat and soy as food affects socio-economic and environmental problems. Firstly, these crops themselves are suitable for human consumption. The use of crops as an animal feed ingredient thus competes with the food supply for humans. Secondly, concerns regarding the use of agricultural land arise solely for the production of feed ingredients, rather than crops for human food production. Thirdly, the energy conversion from crop to meat is quite unfavorable when crops are fed to e.g. pigs, compared to energy conversion when crops are directly consumed by humans.
    An alternative to the use of crops as feed is the use of by-products from the agro-industry and the food industry, e.g. food waste, in the production of animal feed or animal feed. One of the various benefits of recycling by-products such as e.g. food waste, crop residues and the like for making animal feed in livestock farming is the (re) use of valuable components and the use of calories in the recyclable by-products. Cost reduction is another advantage of recycling by-products. For example, regularly feeding crops to pigs is more expensive than feeding a feed obtained by processing by-products. For example, converting food waste into pig feed actually converts food waste into a valuable feed co-product, which is useful as a component of a nutritious diet for pigs. For example, the use of recycled by-products for animal feeds is an effective method for improving self-sufficient feeds and also reduces the environmental impact of these by-products.
    Typical food waste sources suitable for use in the production of animal feed, are products and food residues from wineries and breweries, such as, for example, waste from sweets, the production of drinks and foodstuffs, such as surplus bread from bakeries, whey from dairy factories, waste from vegetable processing and waste from (the processing of) potatoes.
    An important aspect of applying different sources of by-products in the production of animal feed is the favorable low pH of this food waste. In several food residues, the pH is usually below 4.5. This suppresses the growth of harmful microbes. Animals such as pigs appreciate the taste and use of feed with such a low pH contributes to the overall health condition of the animal. Moreover, the low pH is conducive to digestion.
    However, the success of the application of the by-products such as food waste in the feeding of livestock is threatened in various ways. Firstly, the demand from by-livestock farming for by-products is increasing, while the supply is decreasing due to, among other things, increased efficiency of the agro-industry and the food industry. Moreover, the sources of by-products that remain for the production of animal feed often have a pH that is above 4.5, thereby increasing the risk for the growth of contaminating microorganisms.
    Sprawl through such microbes carries a health risk to the animals fed with liquid feed compositions prepared from such by-products, and furthermore, the contaminated liquid feed compositions are less tasty, thereby seriously affecting the animal's appetite. Thirdly, a constant supply to farmers of by-products such as food residues with a constant quality and a consistent composition is difficult to achieve due to climate influence, the season, changes in e.g. industrial food production processes, etc.
    That is why livestock farming, and in particular the pig farming industry, needs a more constant supply of a feed composition containing by-products from the agro-industry and the food industry, whereby that feed composition has a more constant nutritional value and quality, and which feed composition has a reduced carries a risk of contamination due to the growth of unwanted microbes.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    A first aspect of the present invention is a method for the preparation of a feed composition for mammals, in particular pigs, comprising the steps of: a) providing an incubator and loading it with water from 35 ° C to 39 ° C, culture medium ingredients and lactic acid bacteria and culturing the lactic acid bacteria in the respective incubation vessel, so that a starting culture of lactic acid bacteria is obtained; b) providing a fermentation vessel and rinsing it with water from 75 ° C to 100 ° C and mixing water and a grain substrate in the vessel; c) keeping the mixture from step b) at 55 to 65 ° C for 30 minutes to 5 hours, so that at least a partial gelatinization of the starch present in the cereal substrate takes place; d) after step c) adding cold water to the fermentation vessel, so that the grain substrate obtained in step c) is cooled to 36 ° C to 40 ° C; e) mixing the cooled cereal substrate obtained in step d) with the starting culture of step a) and allowing the lactic acid bacteria to ferment the respective cereal substrate for 5 to 15 hours at a temperature of 30 ° C to 40 ° C, so that a fermented grain substrate is obtained with a pH of 3 to 4; and f) mixing the fermented grain substrate with a liquid feed composition to obtain a feed composition comprising 20 to 25 weight percent dry matter, a pH of 4.5 or lower and a ratio of acetic acid to lactic acid from 1: 5 to 1:40.
    It has now surprisingly been found that with the method of the present invention the ratio between acetic acid and lactic acid in the fermented cereal substrate is very favorable with regard to the taste of the feed composition. Moreover, it has now been found that the method according to the invention provides a fermented grain substrate with a strong buffer capacity, the pH of the feed composition remaining at 4.5 or lower when mixed with liquid feed compositions having a pH above 4.5. Moreover, with the method according to the present invention, the danger of the growth or proliferation of undesirable microbes such as pathogenic bacteria, relative to the lactic acid bacteria, is prevented.
    These performances are advantageous because it is now possible to select from a wide range of liquid feed with different pH and differences in the amounts and types of ingredients, to prepare a feed composition with a consistent pH of 4.5 or lower.
    More specifically, the preparation of a feed composition with a pH of 4.5 or lower due to the strong buffer capacity of the fermented grain substrate has now become less dependent on the source of the liquid feed composition used. Thus, a larger number of liquid feed compositions is now suitable for preparing a feed composition with a desired pH of 4.5 or lower and with a favorable acetic acid to lactic acid ratio. By the invention, liquid feed compositions with varying components or with a varying ratio of batch-to-batch components are well applicable to the preparation of a feed composition comprising the fermented grain substrate of the invention.
    A second aspect of the present invention is a feed composition or fermented grain substrate obtainable with the method of the invention.
    A third aspect of the present invention is a device for preparing a fermented grain substrate, which device comprises: an incubation vessel comprising means adapted to prepare a starter culture of lactic acid bacteria, water and culture medium ingredients; a storage container for a grain substrate; a fermentation vessel comprising means adapted to ferment the cereal substrate with the starter culture, wherein the fermentation vessel comprises means for supplying cold water and heated water into the fermentation vessel and wherein the incubation vessel and the storage container each comprise an outlet which is coupled to a inlet of the fermentation vessel to feed the grain substrate and the starter culture to the fermentation vessel.
    DEFINITIONS
    The term "cleaned (e)" as used herein has its usual meaning. When cleaned is used in the context of a cleaned vessel, this means that the vessel is essentially free of bacteria, fungi and other microbes. When cleaning is used in the context of cleaned grain, this means that the grain is treated to obtain grain substantially free of contaminants such as bacteria, sand, sludge, silica, mycotoxins, chaff and fungi.
    The term "fermentation" as used in this text has the usual meaning and fermentation in the context of the invention refers to the cultivation of a bacterial strain using culture medium as a source of nutrition, or using grains as a source of nutrition.
    The term "grain" as used herein has its customary meaning, and in the context of the invention, grain refers to plants that provide cereal grains, and grain at least refers to, for example, wheat, barley, soy, rice, bran, oats, maize , durum, einkom, spelled. In the context of the present invention, grain may refer to one type of grain, or grain may refer to a mixture of two or more cereal grains, in any ratio.
    The term "cold water" as used herein has its usual meaning and in the context of the invention refers to water with a temperature lower than 37 ° C, such as, for example, water at room temperature or water with a temperature of approximately 4 ° C up to 24 ° C.
    The term "temperature control" as used herein has its usual meaning and refers in the context of the invention to a method in which temperature change of water or temperature change of the contents of a fermentation vessel or incubation vessel is measured, and the passage of heat in or from the water reservoir with water or into or from the fermentation vessel or the incubation vessel is adjusted so that a desired average temperature is achieved.
    The term "pig" as used herein has its usual meaning and refers in the context of the invention to any pig from a few weeks old pig weighing about 5 kg to an adult pig of at least 120 kg, and refers to also to pregnant sows and maternity sows.
    The term "cattle feeder" as used in this invention has the conventional meaning and in the context of the invention relates to animal feed, in particular feed for pigs.
    The term "livestock composition" as used in this invention has the conventional meaning and refers in the context of the invention to a composition suitable for use as a (liquid) feed for an animal.
    The term "processing" as used herein has the conventional meaning and in the context of the invention refers to the steps of a method applied to goods to handle the goods for a particular use. In the context of the present invention, processing in "processing food waste" or "processed food waste" refers to making food waste suitable for use as a liquid feed composition for, for example, pigs.
    The term "by-product" as used herein has its usual meaning and in the context of the invention relates to a product disposed of as waste in processes in the agro-industry or (human) food industry, which product, or which product after processing, nutritional value has.
    The term "food waste" as used in this invention has the conventional meaning and in the context of the invention refers to any edible material or residue that is generated in the production, processing, transportation, distribution, etc., or consumption, of foods.
    The term "lactic acid bacterium" as used in this invention has the conventional meaning and refers in the context of the invention to any bacterium capable of producing lactic acid. In the context of the invention, lactic acid bacterium refers in particular to all genera belonging to the order Lactobacillales.
    The term "gelatinization" as used in this invention has the usual meaning and, in the context of the invention, relates in particular to gelatinization of starch. In starch gelatinization, intermolecular bonds between starch molecules are broken under the influence of the presence of heat and water. For example, starch gelatinization leads to the irreversible dissolution of starch granules.
    The term "liquid" in the context of "liquid food composition" and "liquid feed composition" as used herein has its usual meaning and, in the context of the invention, relates in particular to an amount of water of at least 65% by weight in a composition according to the invention.
    The term "sterile" as used in this invention has the usual meaning and, in the context of the invention, relates in particular to the substantial removal of all life forms from a container, vessel, etc., prior to the use of the relevant container, the relevant vessel, etc. when cultivating or storing lactic acid bacteria, cereal substrate feed composition, etc. In the context of the present invention, the incubation vessel and the fermentation vessel are, for example, sterilized by rinsing with warm water prior to the preparation of a lactic acid bacteria start culture in the incubation vessel and before the fermentation of grain substrate with lactic acid bacteria in the fermentation vessel.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    A first aspect of the present invention is a method for the preparation of a feed composition for mammals, in particular pigs, comprising the steps of: a) providing an incubator and loading it with water from 35 ° C to 39 ° C, culture medium ingredients and lactic acid bacteria and culturing the lactic acid bacteria in the respective incubation vessel, so that a starting culture of lactic acid bacteria is obtained; b) providing a fermentation vessel and rinsing it with water from 75 ° C to 100 ° C and mixing water and a grain substrate in the vessel; c) keeping the mixture from step b) at 55 to 65 ° C for 30 minutes to 5 hours, so that at least a partial gelatinization of the starch present in the cereal substrate takes place; d) after step c) adding cold water to the fermentation vessel, so that the grain substrate obtained in step c) is cooled to 36 ° C to 40 ° C; e) mixing the cooled cereal substrate obtained in step d) with the starting culture of step a) and allowing the lactic acid bacteria to ferment the respective cereal substrate for 5 to 15 hours at a temperature of 30 ° C to 40 ° C, so that a fermented grain substrate is obtained with a pH of 3 to 4; and f) mixing the fermented grain substrate with a liquid feed composition to obtain a feed composition comprising 20 to 25 weight percent dry matter, a pH of 4.5 or lower and a ratio of acetic acid to lactic acid from 1: 5 to 1:40.
    In the method according to the invention, lactic acid is produced by lactic acid bacteria under conditions that suppress the growth or even proliferation of contaminating microbes; and which improve the degradability of carbohydrates in grains, in order to support the growth of lactic acid bacteria and thereby support lactic acid production. As a result, the lactic acid is produced in a large amount and in a relatively short time.
    Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that rinsing the fermentation vessel in step b) of the method according to the invention with water from 75 ° C to 100 ° C, drastically reduces the number of undesired microbes.
    Subsequently heating the water and the grain substrate in the rinsed fermentation vessel, in step c) of the method according to the invention, for at least 30 minutes at at least 55 ° C, treats the water and the grain substrate in a manner sufficient to in step e) of the method, to suppress the growth of microbes that may contaminate the water and the grain substrate. Characteristic in step c) of the method according to the invention is that the water and the grain substrate are heated for 30-60 minutes at 55 ° C-65 ° C. Preferably, the water and the grain substrate are heated for about 30 minutes at about 60 ° C in step c) of the process according to the invention.
    Thus, in step e) of the method according to the invention, mainly and preferably only the lactic acid bacteria in the starting culture obtained in step a) of the method are involved in the fermentation of the grain substrate. The method according to the invention is substantially free of contaminating microbes, thereby facilitating the production of lactic acid and suppressing the formation of undesired impurities, such as excess of acetic acid.
    The fermentation of the cereal substrate by mainly, or preferably exclusively lactic acid bacteria, thereby at least suppressing and preferably excluding the growth of contaminating microbes, is further facilitated by rinsing the incubation vessel of step a) of the method according to the invention with water from 75 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably from about 80 ° C, prior to step a) of the process. Rinsing with such hot water will essentially sterilize the incubation vessel prior to step a) of the method of the invention. Growth of contaminating microbes is most preferably suppressed further by rinsing all surfaces that are in contact with lactic acid bacteria in the method according to the invention, such as vessels, connectors, tubes, etc., with water from 75 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably of about 80 ° C before contacting respective surfaces with the lactic acid bacteria used in the method according to the invention.
    In an embodiment of the invention, a so-called cleaned grain composition is used as a grain substrate in step b) of the method. The use of a cleaned grain composition has the advantage that the fermentation of the grain substrate in the method according to the invention is directed even further towards the lactic acid-producing activity of only the lactic acid bacteria. In addition, the (chance of) growth of any contaminating microbe that occurs by accident in the fermentation vessel during step e) of the process is further suppressed or even excluded.
    Thus, the lot-to-lot stability of the feed composition obtained in step f) of the method according to the invention is improved by substantially mono-growing lactic acid bacteria, and the quality of the fermented grain substrate as a whole is improved thanks to a constant and high content of lactic acid and a favorable acetic acid to lactic acid ratio.
    In order to further reduce the chance of growth of contaminating microbes other than the lactic acid bacteria according to the invention, in an embodiment of the invention, the cleaned grain composition is a grain composition which is essentially stripped of e.g. bacteria, sand, mud, silicon oxide, mycotoxins, chaff and fungi.
    According to the invention, the cleaned grain composition used in the method according to the invention consists of one type of grain, or two or more types of grains. Typically, the cleaned grain composition of the invention comprises at least barley, wheat, corn, rice, bran, and their (by) products, and any combination thereof.
    In one embodiment, the cleaned grain composition according to the invention preferably further comprises one or more additives selected from vitamins, minerals, acids, proteins and lactoses. As an alternative or in addition to, one or more additives are selected from vitamins, minerals, acids, proteins added to the feed composition obtained in step f) of the method according to the invention. Of course, if desired, any other suitable additive is added to the feed composition as part of the invention.
    In an embodiment of the invention, a cleaned grain composition according to the invention is provided as crumbled grain granules. Such crumbled grain granules are obtained by crumbling ground grain previously pelleted at a temperature of about 60 ° C to 80 ° C, preferably at 65 ° C to 80 ° C. Pelletizing at such a temperature contributes to the sterilization of the grain, thereby suppressing or even preventing the growth of a microbe which accidentally contaminates the grain during the fermentation in step e) of the method according to the invention.
    In addition, pelleting at a temperature of about 60 ° C to 80 ° C, preferably at 65 ° C or higher, facilitates at least a partial gelatinization of the starch in the cereal substrate. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that the formation of lactic acid from gelatinized starch by lactic acid bacteria is better than the fermentation of non-gelatinized starch in the cereal grains.
    It has now surprisingly been found that the ratio between acetic acid and lactic acid in the fermented grain substrate is very favorable with regard to the taste of the feed composition obtained with the method according to the invention.
    Moreover, it has now surprisingly been found that the method according to the invention provides a fermented grain substrate that has strong buffer capacity, wherein the pH of the feed composition is kept at 4.5 or lower, after mixing with liquid feed compositions having a pH of greater than 4.5.
    These two results are advantageous because it is now possible to select from a wide range of liquid feed compositions with different pH and differences in the amounts and types of ingredients, to prepare a feed composition with a consistent pH of 4.5 or lower.
    More specifically, the preparation of a feed composition with a pH of 4.5 or lower has now become less dependent on the source of an applied liquid feed composition. Thus, a larger number of liquid feed compositions is now suitable for preparing a feed composition with a desired pH of 4.5 or lower and with a favorable acetic acid to lactic acid ratio. By the invention, liquid feed compositions with varying components or with a varying ratio of batch-to-batch components are equally useful in the preparation of a feed composition comprising the fermented grain substrate of the invention.
    Further improved batch-to-batch stability of the feed composition prepared by the method according to the invention is achieved by using a solid-form composition of lactic acid bacteria and culture medium ingredients, preferably a solid, freeze-dried composition, in step a) of the process according to the invention.
    According to the invention, in such a solid composition, the type and amounts of culture medium ingredients are well balanced for preparing the starting culture in step a) of the method according to the invention.
    Use of such an optimized, solid composition of lactic acid bacteria and culture medium ingredients, preferably a solid, freeze-dried composition, provides a starting culture of constant quality comprising approximately the same number of lactic acid bacteria from batch to batch, in about the same culture duration. One of the various advantages of the method according to the invention is the acceleration of the fermentation of cereals in step e) of the method, in comparison with conventional fermentation processes. By limiting the preparation time of the feed composition by speeding up the fermentation step e) of the method according to the invention, it has now become possible to prepare the feed composition on the day that the feed composition is fed, e.g. to pigs.
    A major disadvantage of feed compositions prepared in conventional manner is that they require an acidification step when they are kept in a feeding system comprising e.g. pipes filled with the feed composition. This in order to suppress the growth of undesired microbes in the conventionally prepared feed composition in e.g. the pipes, in the period between the feeding of pigs.
    Due to the various advantages of the present invention, this undesired acidification step with the feed composition between the feeds is no longer necessary, since the pH of the feed composition according to the invention is below 4.5, whereby the growth of undesirable bacteria is advantageously impeded.
    Preferably, the duration of the process according to the invention is about 12-16 hours, more preferably about 14 hours. Avoiding storage of a feed composition prevents growth of e.g. (pathogenic) yeast and fungus in the feed composition, whereby e.g. degradation of lactic acid, an increase in acetic acid content and / or an increase in pH is prevented.
    In conventional fermentation processes, it is typically a bacterial starter culture or a yeast starter culture that is prepared a few hours to days prior to the fermentation step, and that is prepared in a separate process, usually at a location other than pig farming, with transport and the (long-term) storage of the bacterial starter culture is required.
    By preparing a fresh starter culture of lactic acid bacteria in step a) of the method according to the invention, just prior to mixing the freshly obtained starter culture with the grain substrate in step e) of the method according to the invention, the subsequent fermentation of the grain substrate accelerated.
    Fermentation of the grain substrate by the lactic acid bacteria starter culture is further accelerated and facilitated by the inclusion of an accelerator in the starter culture at the start of the culture. Said accelerator improves the growth of the lactic acid bacteria in the starter culture and said accelerator comprises flour from one or more grains.
    Thus, according to the invention, in step a), the lactic acid bacteria are grown for about 1-10 hours, preferably for about 4-7 hours, more preferably about 5 to 6 hours, to prepare a freshly obtained starter culture. Also according to the invention in step a) about 1.5E11 to 2.5E11 lactic acid bacteria, preferably about 2E11 lactic acid bacteria, are mixed with the cereal substrate in the incubation vessel.
    Typically, in step a) the incubation vessel is loaded with about 15 liters of water and about 4 kg of lactic acid bacteria and culture medium ingredients comprising the accelerator. The lactic acid bacteria which are subsequently mixed with the cereal substrate in the fermentation vessel in step e) is the freshly obtained starter culture obtained with step a) of the method according to the invention. Typically, the starting culture obtained from step a) is added to about 1,200 kg of grain substrate in step e) of the method according to the invention.
    Moreover, according to the invention in step e) of the method according to the invention, the grain substrate is fermented for about 5-24 hours, preferably for about 13 to 17 hours, most preferably for about 15 hours. Characteristic of the method according to the invention is that in step a) the lactic acid bacteria are cultivated for approximately 5 to 6 hours, in order to prepare a freshly to be supplied starter culture, and in step e) the grain substrate is fermented for approximately 15 hours. Characteristic of the method according to the invention is that the feed composition in step f) is provided after approximately 20 hours after the start of step a) of the method.
    Genera that include the lactic acid bacteria are Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus, Aerococcus, Camobacterium, Enterococcus, Oenococcus, Teragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weisella; these genera belong to the order Lactobacillales. Lactic acid bacteria suitable for use in the method for preparing a feed composition according to the invention are numerous.
    Particularly suitable lactic acid bacteria for the purpose of the invention are lactic acid bacteria of the genus Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus or Lactococcus, or combinations thereof. Typically, one or more lactic acid bacteria selected from the group consisting of Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp., Pediococcus spp., Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidililactili, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillus spp ., Pediococcus spp., Enterococcus spp.,
    Lactococcus spp., Pediococcus pentosaceus, Pendiococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Enterococcus faeciumMCIMB30122, Lactobacillus rhamnosus NCLMB30121, Pediococcus pentosaceus HTS (LMG P-22549), Pendiococcus acidilactici NCIMB 30086, Lactobacillus plantarum LSI (NCLMB 30083).
    In the method according to the invention, the lactic acid bacteria are preferably selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.
    A second aspect of the present invention is a feed composition or fermented grain substrate obtainable with the method of the invention.
    A feed composition obtainable by the method according to the invention differs from known feed compositions because it has an improved batch-to-batch pH stability because the pH of each subsequently prepared feed composition is approximately equal to the pH of the previous feed composition obtained by the method according to the invention.
    Approximately the same pH in the context of the invention has its conventional meaning and in the context of the invention relates to a pH plus or minus 0.7, preferably plus or minus 0.5, more preferably plus or minus 0.2. As stated, the pH of a feed composition obtained with the method according to the invention is 4.5 or lower. Preferably the pH of a feed composition obtained with the method according to the invention varies between pH 4 and pH 4.5, more preferably the pH of the feed composition is approximately 4.25.
    A feed composition with a pH of more than 4 is particularly tasty for the pig, while the pig's appetite is impeded when the feed composition is fed with a pH of less than 4. In a feed composition with a pH of less than 4.5, unwanted growth of any unwanted microbes is suppressed. The quality and safety of the feed according to the invention is thus better guaranteed.
    Furthermore, a feed composition obtained with the method according to the invention differs from known feed compositions in that it has an improved acetic acid to lactic acid ratio. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ratio between acetic acid and lactic acid is between 1: 5 and 1:40, preferably this ratio varies from 1: 7 to 1:30, preferably 1: 7 to 1:20, more preferably 1: 9 to 1:15. Preferably the ratio between acetic acid and lactic acid varies between 1:10 and 1:12.
    Such acetic acid to lactic acid ratios in the feed composition according to the invention improve the quality of the feed composition in that it is more flavorful, thereby stimulating the appetite of the mammals, in particular pigs, when fed with the feed composition. The favorable acetic acid to lactic acid ratio according to the invention is achieved by cultivating lactic acid bacteria under more sterile conditions of the method for preparing a feed composition according to the invention.
    Growth of acetic acid producing microbes such as e.g. yeasts, fungi, fungus is suppressed and at least competed away by the growth of the lactic acid bacteria grown in step a) of the method according to the invention. Production of lactic acid is improved in step e) of the method according to the invention, by using freshly grown starter culture of lactic acid bacteria in a sterile mixture of water and grain substrate, preferably a cleaned grain composition.
    The feed composition of the invention typically has a dry matter content of about 20-35 weight percent, preferably about 21-27 weight percent, more preferably about 24 weight percent, wherein the dry matter comprises 15-60 weight percent fermented grain substrate on a dry matter basis, preferably about 20- 50 weight percent, more preferably about 30 weight percent on a dry matter basis. The feed composition according to the invention typically comprises 18-30 weight percent dry matter, preferably 21-27 weight percent, more preferably 23-25 weight percent dry matter, and most preferably about 24 weight percent dry matter.
    The buffer strength of the fermented grain substrate according to the invention, as well as the pH of the substrate in question and the nutritional value of the substrate concerned, make the fermented grain substrate particularly suitable for the preparation of the feed composition according to the invention. As stated, batch variation in the liquid feed composition, which is mixed with the fermented grain substrate in step f) of the method according to the invention, does not impede the preparation of the feed composition according to the invention.
    Variation in pH of the liquid feed composition is tolerated in the method according to the invention by the buffer strength of the fermented grain substrate, thereby providing feed composition with a constant pH at 4.5 or lower. By adjusting the amount of fermented grain substrate that is mixed with the liquid feed composition, the desired pH of about 4.25 is achieved.
    Similarly, the nutritional value of the feed composition according to the invention is also adjusted to a desired level by adjusting the amount of fermented grain substrate that is mixed with a selected liquid feed composition. This makes it easy to adjust the feed composition according to the invention for optimum consumption by the target mammal fed with the feed composition.
    For example, the amount of fermented grain substrate that is mixed with a selected liquid feed composition is selected so as to obtain a feed composition according to the invention that has a nutritional value optimized for e.g. sows (during pregnancy), piglets, adult pigs. Similarly, based on the various favorable aspects of the fermented grain substrate of the invention, the dry matter content of the feed composition according to the invention can now be easily adjusted to a selected value, even with varying dry matter content of successive batches of a liquid feed composition.
    In the method according to the invention, preferably in step a) on a weight basis 1 part of culture medium ingredients and lactic acid bacterium and accelerator, containing about 1.5E11 to 2.5E11 lactic acid bacteria, and about 3.75 parts of water are loaded into the incubation vessel, and in step e ) on a weight basis about 3 parts of water and about 2 parts of grain substrate loaded into the fermentation vessel, and in step 1) prior to mixing the fermented grain substrate with a liquid feed composition, about 3 parts of cold water is charged into the fermentation vessel on said weight basis.
    Typically, about 2-5 kg, preferably about 4 kg, culture medium ingredients and lactic acid bacterium in solid form and about 10-20 kg, preferably about 15 kg of water, are loaded into the incubator in step a) of the method of the invention . Typically, about 1200-2000 kg of water and about 800-1300 grain substrate are loaded into the fermentation vessel in step e) of the method according to the invention.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, about 4 kg of culture medium ingredients and lactic acid bacterium, and about 15 kg of water are loaded into the incubator in step a) of the method of the invention; in step e) about 1640 kg of hot water and about 1030 kg of grain substrate are charged into the fermentation vessel; and in step f), prior to mixing the fermented grain substrate with a liquid feed composition, about 1560 kg of cold water is charged into the fermentation vessel.
    Naturally, amounts of hot water, grain substrate, and cold water are set within certain limits with a ratio such that the fermented grain substrate is provided with a desired dry matter content for the current purpose.
    The feed composition obtainable by the method according to the present invention is thus suitable for feeding mammals, and preferably the feed composition obtained with the method of the invention is a pig feed.
    A third aspect of the present invention is a device for preparing a fermented grain substrate, which device comprises: an incubation vessel comprising means adapted to prepare a starter culture of lactic acid bacteria, water and culture medium ingredients; a storage container for a grain substrate; a fermentation vessel comprising means adapted for fermenting the cereal substrate with the starting culture, wherein the fermentation vessel comprises means for supplying cold water and heated water into the fermentation vessel and wherein the incubation vessel and the storage container each comprise a discharge which is coupled to a inlet of the fermentation vessel to feed the grain substrate and the starter culture to the fermentation vessel.
    Such a device for preparing a fermented grain substrate according to the invention differs from existing devices in that the incubation vessel is an integrated part of the device which further comprises the storage container and the fermentation vessel. With this configuration of the device according to the invention, the incubation vessel is very suitable for the preparation of a lactic acid bacteria starter culture, i.e. less than 6 hours, preferably about 3-5 hours, more preferably about 4 hours, before the start of the fermentation. of a cereal substrate in the fermentation vessel using a lactic acid bacterial starter culture.
    In addition, with such a configuration of the device according to the invention, the incubation vessel and the fermentation vessel are easily flushed with heated water and thereby sterilized, before lactic acid bacteria starter culture is prepared in the incubation vessel and before cereal substrate is fermented by lactic acid bacteria in the fermentation vessel. Thus, the device according to the invention now makes it possible to prepare a fermented grain substrate under sterile conditions.
    The device for preparing a fermented grain substrate according to the invention allows a better controllability of the preparation of the feed composition according to the invention. Enabling the preparation of a lactic acid bacterial starter culture shortly before fermentation of grain substrate, as well as providing the means for preparing a fermented grain substrate according to the invention under substantially sterile conditions, makes a significant contribution to the desired preparation of a well-defined feed composition. according to the invention with a high batch-to-batch stability with regard to the pH and the nutritional value.
    In one embodiment the device according to the invention further comprises a container for storing cold water and / or a container for storing heated water, provided with an outlet connected to the means for supplying cold water and heated water into the fermentation vessel. Of course, according to the invention, the heated water storage container preferably further comprises means for heating water.
    The device according to the invention preferably comprises a weighing device for weighing the contents of the incubation vessel, the cold water and the heated water, the contents of the cereal storage container and the contents of the fermentation vessel.
    Preferably, the device according to the invention also comprises means for controlling the temperature in the incubation vessel and in the fermentation vessel.
    In an embodiment of the invention, the device according to the invention further comprises means for supplying heated water, comprising a second outlet connected to an inlet of the incubation vessel, for supplying heated water to the incubation vessel. The device according to the invention is thus provided with means for rinsing the incubation vessel with heated water prior to step a) of the method according to the invention. The incubation vessel is substantially purified from (contaminating) microbes that could be present in the relevant vessel prior to loading the vessel with water, culture medium ingredients and lactic acid bacteria and culturing the lactic acid bacteria in said incubation vessel.
    At the end of the process for the preparation of the feed composition according to the invention, the feed composition is fed directly to mammals, e.g. pigs, or it is fully or partially stored before being fed. For practical reasons, in one embodiment of the invention, the feed composition prepared with the device according to the invention is stored for a short time, e.g. 30 minutes to 1-3 hours, before being fed to e.g. pigs.
    It is therefore part of the invention that the device according to the invention comprises a second storage container, connected to an outlet of the fermentation vessel, which second storage container is adapted for storing animal feed composition according to the invention. Storing the feed composition in said storage container allows the start of a new method for the preparation of the feed composition according to the invention using the device according to the invention.
    Additively or alternatively, at the end of step e) of the method for the preparation of the feed composition according to the invention, the fermented grain substrate is wholly or partly stored before being subjected to step f) of the method according to the invention. For practical reasons, in an embodiment of the invention, fermented grain substrate prepared in step e) with the device according to the invention is stored for a short time, e.g. 30 minutes to 1-3 hours, before the fermented grain substrate in step f) according to the invention is mixed with a liquid feed composition.
    It is therefore part of the invention that the device according to the invention comprises an additional storage container connected to an outlet of the fermentation vessel, wherein the additional storage container is adapted to store fermented grain substrate according to the invention. Storing the fermented grain substrate in said storage container allows the start of a new method for the preparation of the feed composition according to the invention using the device according to the invention.
    In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fermented grain substrate of the invention is mixed with a liquid feed composition in step f) of the method according to the invention, briefly, e.g. 1-30 minutes, before the feed composition obtained by the respective mixing is fed to e.g. pigs.
    It is therefore part of the invention that the device according to the invention has a second storage container connected to an outlet of the fermentation vessel, which second storage container is adapted for storage of a liquid feed composition. The device is thus optimally suitable for the preparation of freshly mixed fermented grain substrate and liquid feed composition, whereby the risk of undesired growth of microbes in the feed composition according to the invention is further reduced.
    The invention is specified without limitation by the Examples below. EXAMPLE
    General experimental method for the preparation of fermented pelletized grains and (by) products from grains
    Step 1 Preparation of lactobacil culture in a separate container.
    Dry starter culture of lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus (stored in 25 kg bags (1)) is stored in a separate container (2) and dosed in the lactobacillus preculture tank (4) with a mortar (3) (see figure). Weighing the starter culture (1) is with a load cell. To cultivate lactobacillus, 1 kg of OptiStart starter culture (lactobacillus culture and growth medium) is introduced into 2 liters of water at 37.5 ° C. The mixture of starting culture and water is incubated for 4-5 hours with interval, gentle stirring. Temperature is controlled and is kept between 36-39 ° C.
    Step 2 Preparing pelleted grains and (by) products from grain (Optimix).
    The mixing tank (6) is first flushed with hot water (> 70 ° C) (7b), the hot water entering the mixing vessel (6) via an inlet (7a) of a hot water tank (7). The hot water is stored in the mixing vessel (6) after rinsing. The pelleted grains and (bi) grain products (Optimix) (8) are dosed from the Optimix container (9) via a jack (10) in the hot water, until a mixture with 32-35% by weight of dry matter of the Optimix. The hot water Optimix mixture is kept at a temperature of above about 60 ° C for 30 minutes to sterilize the hot water Optimix mixture.
    Cold water (11b) is added from a cold water tank (11) via an inlet (11a) to the sterilized hot water-Optimix mixture until a temperature of the mixture is obtained of 37-39 ° C. The dry matter content of the water-Optimix mixture is brought to approximately 25% by weight. The water-Optimix mixture is continuously mixed with mixer (12) during the addition of cold water to homogenize the water-Optimix mixture.
    Step 3 Starting the fermentation to prepare a fermented grain substrate
    The previously prepared lactobacillus culture is added to the water-Optimix mixture in the mixing vessel (6) via feed (4a), to start the fermentation of the water-Optimix mixture, for the preparation of fermented pelleted grains and (by) products from grain, "Combiferm" (13). Preferably, the lactobacillus culture is introduced into the mixing tank (6) via free outflow, with continuous stirring.
    The mixture of water-Optimix with lactobacil culture is either kept in the mixing tank (6) during fermentation to Combiferm, or this mixture is transported to a fermentation silo (not shown) with a pump (14), for subsequent fermentation into Combiferm. The water-Optimix with lactobacil culture ferment at least 14-24 hours, before Combiferm is formed and is further mixed with other (bi) products, and fed to the pigs.
    If Combi ferm is produced in the mixing tank (6), after fermentation, the Combiferm is pumped to a second storage container (not shown), connected to the outlet (14) of the mixing vessel (6) (fermentation vessel), which second storage container is arranged for storage of a liquid feed composition. The pH of the fermented Combiferm mixture is 3.5-3.8. The ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid in the Combiferm (i.e. pelleted cereals and (by-products from) cereals, Optimix after fermentation) is approximately 10: 1.
    Experimental data
    Daily doses of Combiferm were prepared for 2650 pigs. The pigs were fed 1.95 kg of feed per day, comprising 20% by weight of Combiferm based on the dry matter of the feed. The 2650 pigs were fed 4547 kg of dry matter total feed per day, comprising the 20% by weight Combifirm based on the dry matter. A total of 4230 kg of Combiferm was fed to the pigs per day.
    Combiferm was prepared with a final dry matter content of 22% after fermentation of the Optimix pelleted grains and (by) products of grain with the lactobacillus preculture. The Optimix had a dry matter content of 88% by weight.
    In step 2 of the production of Combi ferm (see above and Figure), firstly, 1641 kg of hot water of 88 ° C was introduced into the mixing vessel (6) for sterilization purposes. Subsequently, 1034 kg of cereals and (bi) products of cereal Optimix of 10 ° C were introduced into the mixing tank (6) and mixed with the hot water. This 1034 kg Optimix comprised 909 kg of dry matter (88% by weight). The temperature after mixing is 58 ° C. Water of 88 ° C was added to keep the water-Optimix mixture at a temperature above about 60 ° C.
    During the sterilization step, the dry matter content was 34% by weight. After sterilization, the temperature was set at 39.6 ° C by adding 1555 kg of cold water at 8 ° C, with mixing. The start of the fermentation process after addition while mixing the lactobacillus preculture was approximately 37 ° C. Fermentation was continued for 48 hours. At 24 hours and 48 hours after the start of the fermentation, the ratio between acetic acid and lactic acid was determined (Table).
    Five of these Optimix lots were prepared separately on different days, according to the protocol above.
    Description of the Figure
    Figure: Device for preparing a fermented grain substrate, which device comprises: - an incubation vessel (4) comprising means adapted to prepare a starter culture of lactic acid bacteria (2), (3), (5), water and culture medium ingredients (i ); - a storage container for a grain substrate (9); - a fermentation vessel (6) comprising means (12) adapted to ferment the cereal substrate with the starting culture, the fermentation vessel comprising means (11), (1a), (7), (7a)) for supplying cold water (1 lb) and heated water (7b) in the fermentation vessel and wherein the incubation vessel (4) and the storage container (9) each have an outlet connected to an inlet of the fermentation vessel ((4a), (10)) for supplying the grain substrate (8) and the starter culture to the fermentation vessel (6).
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    Conclusions
    A method for the preparation of a feed composition for mammals, in particular pigs, comprising the steps of: a) providing an incubator and loading it with water from 35 ° C to 39 ° C, culture medium ingredients and lactic acid bacteria and culturing the lactic acid bacteria in the relevant incubation vessel, so that a starter culture of lactic acid bacteria is obtained; b) providing a fermentation vessel and rinsing it with water from 75 ° C to 100 ° C and mixing water and a grain substrate in the vessel; c) keeping the mixture from step b) at 55 to 65 ° C for 30 minutes to 5 hours, so that at least a partial gelatinization of the starch present in the cereal substrate takes place; d) after step c) adding cold water with a temperature lower than 37 ° C to the fermentation vessel, so that the grain substrate obtained in step c) is cooled to 36 ° C to 40 ° C; e) mixing the cooled cereal substrate obtained in step d) with the starting culture of step a) and allowing the lactic acid bacteria to ferment the respective cereal substrate for 5 to 15 hours at a temperature of 30 ° C to 40 ° C, so that a fermented grain substrate is obtained with a pH of 3 to 4; and f) mixing the fermented grain substrate with a liquid feed composition to obtain a feed composition comprising 20 to 25 weight percent dry matter, a pH of 4.5 or lower and a ratio of acetic acid to lactic acid from 1: 5 to 1:40, wherein the cereal substrate is a cleaned grain composition, wherein the grain is substantially free of contaminants such as bacteria, sand, sludge, silica, mycotoxins, chaff, and fungi.
    [2]
    A method according to claim 1, wherein prior to step a), the respective incubation vessel is flushed with water from 75 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably at about 80 ° C.
    [3]
    The method according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the cleaned cereal composition comprises barley, wheat, maize, rice, bran, and their (by) products, and any combination thereof.
    [4]
    The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cleaned cereal composition is provided as crumbled cereal grains.
    [5]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in step a) the lactic acid bacteria and the culture medium ingredients are provided as a solid composition, preferably a freeze-dried composition.
    [6]
    The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein in step e) the grain substrate is fermented for 5 to 24 hours, preferably for about 13 to 17 hours.
    [7]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lactic acid bacteria are selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus rhamnosus.
    [8]
    A feed composition obtainable by the method according to any one of claims 1-7.
    [9]
    A fermented grain substrate obtainable by the method according to any of claims 1-7.
    [10]
    The feed composition of claim 8, wherein the pH of the feed composition is in the range of 4 to 4.5, more preferably the pH is about 4.25.
    [11]
    A feed composition according to claim 8 or 10, wherein the ratio between acetic acid and lactic acid is in the range of 1: 7 to 1:30, preferably from 1: 7 to 1:20, more preferably from 1: 9 to 1: 15.
    [12]
    A feed composition according to any one of claims 8, 10, 11, wherein the feed composition comprises 21-25 percent by weight of dry matter, preferably 23-25% by weight of dry matter.
    [13]
    A device for preparing a fermented grain substrate, which device comprises: an incubation vessel comprising means adapted to prepare a starter culture of lactic acid bacteria, water and culture medium ingredients; a storage container for a grain substrate; a fermentation vessel comprising means adapted to ferment the cereal substrate with the starting culture, wherein the fermentation vessel comprises means for supplying cold water and heated water into the fermentation vessel and wherein the incubation vessel and the storage container each comprise an outlet which is coupled to an inlet of the fermentation vessel to feed the grain substrate and the starter culture to the fermentation vessel.
    [14]
    Device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the device comprises a second storage container, coupled to an outlet of the fermentation vessel, which second storage container is adapted for storage of a liquid feed composition.
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    同族专利:
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    BE1023433A1|2017-03-17|
    NL2017441B1|2017-04-03|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CN107307213A|2017-08-11|2017-11-03|江门市环粤环保科技有限公司|A kind of green watermifoil feed and preparation method and application|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NL2015419|2015-09-09|
    NL2015419|2015-09-09|
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